Learn Oracle

.
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
..
Microsoft Access Microsoft SQL Server

..
DEVELOPER
- ) (Administer
- ) . ( Developer
SQL
.. PL/SQL DEVELOPER FORM ..REPORT

SQL .. PL/SQL

Structured Query Language

..
IBM
System R .
SQL INM Journal of R&D SEQUEL2
ORACLE . SQL
SQL Non-Procedural Language

.
SQL
..
SQL*Plus SQL
SQL Oracle Server
SQL
SQL SQL buffer .
SQL*Plus SQL

) (GRANT
) ( REVOKE
) (ALTER ) (DROP
) (CREATE
) (INSERT
) (UPDATE ) (DELETE .
). (SELECT
SQL
-: (DDL) Data Definition Language
) .( CREATE TABLE
) .( ALTER TABLE
) .( DROP TABLE
-: (DML) Data Manipulation Language -
) .( INSERT INTO
) . ( UPDATE
) . ( DELETE
) . ( SELECT
-: (DCL) Data Control Language
). (GRANT
). (REVOKE

..
SQL ) ( Non-Procedural Language

Oracle Server ..
SQL*Plus SQL
.
SQL :
- ). ( DDL
- ). ( DML
- ).( DCL
SQL * Plus 3.3

.
..
Email:amaar1422@hotmail.com
SQL * Plus 3.3
SQL Data
(DML) Manipulation Language

.. Select

..
SQL * Plus 3.3
..
.. SQL * Plus 3.3 ..

-: SQL * Plus 3.3
... SQL * Plus 3.3
User name
Password Database

..
.. :
* system .. ..
system
manager
.. scott
scott
tiger

..
)(
.. ..
DCL grant revoke
grant
revoke ..

..
- .. ali :
).. aaa ( ..
; SQL> create user ali identified by aaa

: ali .. aaa :
..
ERROR at line 1 :
ORA-01031 :
.. ..
- system ..
..
SQL> connect system

SQL> connect
) ( Enter
) .. ( password
Enter password
system manager ..
******* Enter password :
..
Connected .
..
- ..
; SQL> create user ali identified by aaa
..
User created.
ali .. grant
ali ..
;SQL> grant connect to ali
..
ali ..
Grant succeeded.
.. ..
SQL
/
.. .. .. OK ..

SQL * Plus 3.3 ..
) (SQL * Plus 3.3

..
)(SQL * Plus 3.3 system :

manager : scott ..tiger :
) (SQL * Plus 3.3 :

; SQL> create user name user identified by password
name user password .

..
SQL> connect
.
name user ..
; SQL> grant connect to name user
****************************************************************************************************

SQL * Plus 3.3 .

..
3.3
SQL * Plus 3.3
.. SQL * Plus 3.3

SQL SQL * Plus
3.3 :
Append
..
: :
sql>A
sql>select ename from
emp from :
:
; Sql>A emp
; sql>select ename from emp
Change
SQL * Plus 3.3
..
..
sql> C / old /new
.. old new .
:
sql>select enamee from emp dept
enamee ename :
sql> c / enamee / ename
sql>C[HANGE] / text /
:
dept :
; sql>select ename from emp dept

sql> c / dept /
* /
:
; sql>select ename from emp
Clear buffer SQL
SQL
SQL buffer :
;)sql>clear buffer (cl buff

:
; sql>select * from tab
..
.. SQL buffer
..
; SQL> cl buff
buffer cleared
.. shift +Delete
..
Save
.. SQL
sql>sav filename.sql
sql filename.sql
SCOOT :
.. .. tiger
SQL> select * from tab ;

TNAME
TABTYPE CLUSTERID
--------- ------- -----------------------------BONUS
TABLE
DEPT
TABLE
EMP
TABLE
SALGRADE
TABLE
SECTION
TABLE
STUDENT
TABLE
6 rows selected ;
: .. Select
sql>sav ali.sql ;
..
Created file ali.sql
... ali.sql
..
Get
SQL ..
..
sql>get filename.sql
filename.sql SQL
.. ali.sql
..
;SQL> get ali.sql

1* select * from tab
.. SQL
SQL> /
..
TNAME
TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- --------BONUS
TABLE
DEPT
TABLE
EMP
TABLE
SALGRADE
TABLE
SECTION
TABLE
STUDENT
TABLE
6 rows selected.
Start
:
sql>star filename.sql
..
sql> @ filename.sql
ali.sql ..
..
..
;SQL> star ali.sql

;SQL> @ ali.sql
Edit
.
:
.. Enter
SQL> ed
..
Wrote file afiedt.buf

)
: (Windows
..
SQL
SQL
SQL
..
..
..
.. ..
;SQL> ed ali.sql
..
..
; /
.. SQL
Describe
) ..(
.. ..
;SQL> desc tablename
tablename ..
.. emp ..
..
;SQL> desc emp

Name
Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ---EMPNO
)NOT NULL NUMBER(4
ENAME
)VARCHAR2(10
JOB
)VARCHAR2(9
MGR
)NUMBER(4
HIREDATE
DATE
SAL
)NUMBER(7,2
COMM
)NUMBER(7,2
DEPTNO
)NUMBER(2
-: SQL * Plus 3.3

- :
sql>A
- :
sql> C / old /new
old new . - ) ( : SQL
; SQL> cl buff
-: SQL * Plus 3.3

- :
sql>sav filename.sql
filename.sql sql
- :
sql>get filename.sql
filename.sql SQL ..
- :
sql>star filename.sql
..
sql> @ filename.sql
filename.sql ..
-
SQL> ed
.. tablename ..
;SQL> desc tablename
****************************************************************************************************
.. Select
. ..
SQL
SQL D.D.L
SQL
ORACLE :
) . ( CREATE TABLE
) . ( ALTER TABLE
) . ( DROP TABLE
..
: CREATE TABLE
). (new table
). (copied table
create new table
CREATE :
;) ( CREATE TABLE
- 30 .
-
.
- .
: .
:
.
SQL
ORACLE 8 ..
CHAR
2000

)CHAR (16
var char
4000 .

)VARCHAR (50
var char2
4000 .

)VARCHAR2 (50
VARCHAR & VARCHAR2
var char2
var char
NUMBER
) ( .....
..

)NUMBER (50
NUMBER
)( .....
) NUMBER ( I , j
I j
.
RAW
2000 .
: DATE
) ( .
LONG
2 .
:
) LONG RAW 2 ( .
) ROWID ( .
:
) BLOB ( .
) CLOB ( .
) NCLOB (.
) BFILE ( .
..

..
: SCHOOL :
10 .
30 .
) ( 15 .
. 30
.
..
CREATE TABLE SCHOOL
(
] , [ )(
] , [ )(
.. ,
.. ,
.. ,
] [ )(
;)
..
..
..
CREATE TABLE SCHOOL

(
S_NO
NUMBER (10) ,
S_NAME VARCHAR 2 (30) ,
S_TYPE CHAR (15) ,
S_LOC VARCHAR 2 (30) ,
S_DATE DATE
;)
..
Table created .
:
S .
.

..
.. .
... :
;SQL> DESC SCHOOL
..
Name
Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ---S_NO
)NUMBER(10
S_NAME
)CHAR2(30
S_TYPE
)CHAR(15
S_LOC
)CHAR2(30
S_DATE
DATE
..
copied table
) ( CREATE TABLE
AS
) ( SELECT
; FROM
STUDENT
SCHOOL ..
)SQL> CREATE TABLE STUDENT (S_NO,S_NAME

AS
SELECT S_NAME,S_TYPE
; FROM SCHOOL
Table created .
STUDENT
) (S_NO ) (S_NAME
) (S_NAME
) (S_TYPE .SCHOOL
STUDENT
SCHOOL ..
; SQL> DESC STUDENT

Name
Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ---S_NO
)CHAR(30
S_NAME
)CHAR(15
* :
:
;) ( CREATE TABLE
) ( CREATE TABLE
AS
) ( SELECT
* :
; FROM
- 30 .
-
.
- .
:
- : .
- :
SQL :
CHAR VARCHAR VARCHAR2 NUMBER RAW DATA . LONG
* : VARCHAR & VARCHAR2
VARCHAR2
VARCHAR
****************************************************************************************************
..
. ..
..
..

..
; SQL> grant resource to

..
Grant succeeded.
..

..

. Nut Null
. Unique
. Default
. Check
. Primary Key
. Foreign Key
In line constraint

..
Out line constraint

..
) ( Default .
30 .
..
( Nut Null)
..
.. ..
In line
( SQL> create table customer
2 cust_no number(4) not null,
)3 cust_name varchar2(40
not null,
)4 cust_address varchar2 (30
;) 5

: ) (cust_no
: ) (cust_name ..
.. : ) (cust_address
.
not null
.
Out line
2 cust_no number(4),
3 cust_name varchar2(40) ,
4 cust_address varchar2 (30),
5 constraint cust_no_nt
6 check (cust_no is not null),
7 constraint cust_name_nt
)8 check ( cust_name is not null
;) 9

) ( ..
constraint cust_no_nt
constraint :
.. ..
.. nt
..
) check (cust_no is not null cust_no ..

) ( .
( Unique)

.. :
In line

2 cust_no number(4) unique,
3 cust_name varchar2(40) not null,
)4 cust_address varchar2(30
;) 5
Out line
2 cust_no number(4),
3 cust_name varchar2(40) not null,
4 cust_address varchar2(30),
5 constraint cust_no_uni
)6 unique ( cust_no
;) 7
( Default)
..
In line ..

( create table student
std_no number(7) not null,
std_name varchar2(40) not null,
)std_age number(2
default 20 ,
)std_nation varchar2(20
'default 'saudi
;)

) ( std_no
20
)( std_nation
Saudi
( Check)
In line
( SQL> create table student
2 std_no number(7) not null,
3 std_name varchar2(40) not null,
)4 std_sex varchar2(1
5 check ( std_sex in (' m ',' f ')),
)6 std_case varchar2(1
7 check ( std_case in (' s ',' m',' w ',' d ')),
)8 std_age number(2
) 9 check ( std_age between 19 and 30
;) 10

) (std_sex check
m ..
f ..
) (std_case
check
..
- s .
- w .
m . - d .
) (std_ age check

19 .. 30
Out line
SQL> create table student

2 ( std_no number(7) not null,
3 std_name varchar2(40) not null,
4 std_sex varchar2(1),
5 std_case varchar2(1),
6 std_age number(2),
7 constraint std_sex_chk
8 check (std_sex in (' m ',' f ')),
9 constraint std_case_chk
10 check( std_case in (' s ',' m',' w ',' d ')),
11 constraint stdstd_age_chk
)12 check ( std_age between 19 and 30
;) 13
.. ..

..
..
;SQL> drop table
...
* : SQL
; SQL> grant resource to

..
Grant succeeded.
* :
. Nut Null
. Unique
. Default
. Check
. Primary Key
. Foreign Key
* :
- ..In line constrain
- ..Out line constrain
* :
.. ..
.. ..
) ( Default .
:
;SQL> drop table

****************************************************************************************************
Mohmad . moh
..
) ( ..

" : " :
) - (
. - .
- .
.
.
SQL ..

..
:
) ( ..
...
..
..
..
..
: ) ( ..
( Primary Key)
..

) Null ( .
In line

)2 ( std_no number(10
3 primary key,
)4 std_name varchar2(50
;) 5

) (std_no
..
Out line

2 ( std_no number(10) ,
3 std_name varchar2(50),
4 constraint pk _std_01
)5 primary key (std_no
;) 6
Access
ORACLE ). ( Out line
( Foreign Key)
) (
)(
) Data
(Type
In line

) (Mister ..
SQL> create table section
)2 ( sec_no number(2
3 primary key ,
4 sec_name varchar2(20) not null
;) 5
) (sec_no
) ( sec_name ..
) (Detail ..
)2 std_no number(7
3 primary key,
4 std_name varchar2 (30) not null,
5 sec_no number(2) references
)6 section (sec_no
;) 7
.. ..
:
) sec_no (

..
.. ..
references
Section ) sec_no ( . In line
Out line

..
..
;SQL> drop table section

..
.. Out line
;SQL> drop table student
..
:
..
Table dropped.
;SQL> select *from tab
TNAME
TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- --------SECTION
TABLE
In line
.. Out line

2 std_no number(7)primary key,
4 sec_no number(2),
6 constraint fk_std_01
)7 foreign key (sec_no
)8 references section (sec_no
;) 9

) ( std_no ) (sec_no
..

)..
( .

) (sec_no student . section
student :
.. section :
) (Mister
.. ) (Detail ..
).. (Mister
:
: ) ( Detail
).. (Mister
; SQL> delete from student

; SQL> delete from section
: ) ( Detail
..
On delete cascade
) ( Detail ..
2 std_no number(7)primary key,
4 sec_no number(2),
6 constraint fk_std_01
)7 foreign key (sec_no
)8 references section (sec_no
on delete cascade
;) 9

) (section
). (student

..

.
* ( Primary Key)
..
) ( Out line .
* (Foreign Key)
)(
.
) (Data Type .. - :
constraint
foreign key
) ( references
on delete cascade
...
constraint
..
foreign key ) ( .

fk_std_01 fk
std
01
..
02 ..
...
..
..
..
..
References ..
) (
.. ) ( ..
)..(..
)(
..
on delete cascade
****************************************************************************************************
..
..
..
) ( CREATE TABLE
) ( DROP TABLE
) ( ALTER TABLE
SQL
. DML
: ALTER TABLE
- .
- .
. . - ..
ADD ALTER TABLE
] [ )(
. ADD
;)
) S_SEX ( .. SCHOOL
SCHOOL ..
;SQL> desc school
..
Object does not exist.
..
CREATE TABLE SCHOOL
(
S_NO
NUMBER (10) ,
S_NAME VARCHAR2 (30) ,
S_TYPE CHAR (15) ,
S_LOC
VARCHAR2 (30) ,
S_DATE DATE
;)
..
;SQL> DESC SCHOOL
..
Name
Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ---S_NO
)NUMBER(10
S_NAME
)CHAR2(30
S_TYPE
)CHAR(15
S_LOC
)CHAR2(30
S_DATE
DATE
) S_SEX (
..
alter table school add

)( s_sex varchar2(10
;)
.. ..
Table altered.
..
..
;SQL> DESC SCHOOL
Name
Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ---S_NO
)NUMBER(10
S_NAME
)VARCHAR2(30
S_TYPE
)CHAR(15
S_LOC
)VARCHAR2(30
S_DATE
DATE
S_SEX
)VARCHAR2(10
S_SEX ..
****************** ) (******************

VARCHAR2 . CHAR
. NUMBER

. NUMBER
VARCHAR2 . CHAR
:
.
..
MODIFY ALTER TABLE

(

;)
S_SEX
VARCHAR2 .. CHAR :
Alter table school modify

)( s_sex char(10
;)
..
Table altered.
SEX
VARCHAR2 .. CHAR
) (
: ALTER TABLE
- .
- .
. . - ..

ADD ALTER TABLE
] [ )(
;)
. ADD
MODIFY ALTER TABLE

(

;)
)... (...
****************************************************************************************************
.. ALTER
. ..

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Microsoft Access Microsoft SQL Server

.. PL/SQL DEVELOPER FORM ..REPORT

SQL INM Journal of R&D SEQUEL2

SQL Non-Procedural Language

SQL Oracle Server

-: (DDL) Data Definition Language

-: (DML) Data Manipulation Language -

-: (DCL) Data Control Language

SQL ) ( Non-Procedural Language

SQL * Plus 3.3

SQL * Plus 3.3

(DML) Manipulation Language

SQL * Plus 3.3

.. SQL * Plus 3.3 ..

... SQL * Plus 3.3

DCL grant revoke

; SQL> create user ali identified by aaa

SQL> connect system

******* Enter password :

; SQL> create user ali identified by aaa

;SQL> grant connect to ali

) (SQL * Plus 3.3

)(SQL * Plus 3.3 system :

) (SQL * Plus 3.3 :

; SQL> grant connect to name user

SQL * Plus 3.3 .

SQL * Plus 3.3

.. SQL * Plus 3.3

sql>select ename from

SQL * Plus 3.3

sql>select enamee from emp dept

; sql>select ename from emp dept

; sql>select ename from emp

Clear buffer SQL

;)sql>clear buffer (cl buff

SQL> select * from tab ;

Created file ali.sql

;SQL> get ali.sql

;SQL> star ali.sql

Wrote file afiedt.buf

;SQL> desc emp

-: SQL * Plus 3.3

sql> C / old /new

old new . - ) ( : SQL

-: SQL * Plus 3.3

;SQL> desc tablename

CREATE TABLE SCHOOL

;SQL> DESC SCHOOL

)SQL> CREATE TABLE STUDENT (S_NO,S_NAME

; SQL> DESC STUDENT

CHAR VARCHAR VARCHAR2 NUMBER RAW DATA . LONG

* : VARCHAR & VARCHAR2

; SQL> grant resource to

Out line constraint

) check (cust_no is not null cust_no ..

( SQL> create table customer

) (std_ age check

SQL> create table student

; SQL> grant resource to

- ..In line constrain

- ..Out line constrain

;SQL> drop table

SQL> create table student