Tp ch Khoa hc & Cng ngh - S 1(45) Tp 2/Nm 2008

XY DNG MNG IU KHIN THIT BN NHNG RS485

BNG LabVIEW
Thi Quang Vinh - H Mnh o(Vin Cng ngh Thng tin-Vin KH&CN Vit Nam)

1. Gii thiu mng RS485

RS485 l chuNn truyn thng c s dng ph bin trong thc t, nht l trong mi
trng cng nghip. N c ng dng t ng ho cc qu trnh, t ng ho sn xut,
HVAC, cc h thng an ninh, iu khin m t, iu khin chuyn ng [1,4,6,7,8]...N l mt
chuNn c m rng t cc chuNn RS232, RS422. Nhng khc vi RS232, RS485 l mng a
im v n cng khc vi RS422, n cho php nhiu nt truyn v nhn d liu trn mng.
ng thi RS485 cng chnh l chuNn t xy dng ln cc chuNn Profibus v Fieldbus, l
cc chuNn c s dng ch yu trong mi trng cng nghip hin nay [4].
RS485 l mng a im s dng tn hiu sai khc gia 2 tn hiu truyn trn BUS so vi
tn hiu GND, t gim c nhiu v truyn c khong cch xa. S nt mng mng RS485
c th m rng ti 32 nt vi tr khng u vo l 12k v c th m rng ti 256 nt vi tr
khng u vo ca b nhn cao hn na. c bit mng RS485 c th m rng khong cch
truyn ti 1200m vi tc n 90kbps, tc c th ln ti 10Mbps vi khong cch gn
hn [1]. Trong trng hp mun m rng khong cch truyn xa hn na, RS485 c th s
dng cc b lp tn hiu( repeater) bt u mt on mng RS485 mi.
Cc nt mng RS485 c th l PC, cc b vi iu khin, PLC hoc bt k thit b no c
kh nng truyn thng tun t. Mi nt c th l b truyn, nhn hoc c truyn v nhn. Vi
nt truyn hoc nhn u c mt tn hiu iu khin cho php/khng cho php, 1 tn hiu u
vo(b truyn) hoc ra (b nhn) d liu, hai tn hiu vo/ra ni vi h thng bus.
Mng RS485 c 2 cch ghp ni mng vi PC [1,4]:
- S dng card m rng hoc
- Gn b chuyn i RS485 vi cc cng c sn nh RS232, LPT, USB..
Trong trng hp ghp ni qua cng RS232, c th s dng cc b chuyn
RS232/RS485 hoc ngc li. cc b chuyn ny s dng ph bin cc chp chuyn dng nh
MAX485, SN75176B...
Mng RS485 c 2 kiu topo mng:
- Kiu kt ni s dng 2 dy: Trong kiu kt ni ny, BUS tn hiu gm 2 dy tn hiu v mt
dy tn hiu GND. S mng kiu ny th hin nh hnh 1(a)[1,4]. Mi nt mng gm c b nhn,
b truyn d liu v tn hiu iu khin Tx/Rx cho php iu khin b thu hay nhn d liu( s dng
mch 3 trng thi). Giao thc truyn thng trong kiu kt ni ny l Hafl- Duplex, tc ti mi thi
im, trn mng ch c mt nt truyn v mt nt nhn d liu. Vi cu hnh mng RS485 2 dy s
gim gi thnh v cc thit b RS485 c th cu hnh ni ti hoc bn ngoi i vi h thng 2 dy.
- Kiu 4 dy: th hin nh hnh 1(b)[1,4], gm 4 dy tn hiu v mt dy tn hiu GND(5
dy). Trong mng 4 dy c th c mt hoc nhiu nt Master. Trong trng hp c mt nt
Master th nt Master c th truyn thng vi tt c cc nt Slave, cn tt c cc nt Slave ch
truyn thng vi nt Master. Mng cu hnh 4 dy cho php s dng giao thc truyn thng kiu
Full- Duplex, tc truyn thng 2 chiu ng thi.
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1200m

Rt

Rt

TX
A

RX

B
A

A
A
A
R1

R1

R2

G
TX

R2A

G
TX

RX

R
R1

RX

B
R2A

G: B pht tn hiu
R: B thu tn hiu
Rt,R1,R2:in tr

A
A

A
R1

B
R2A

Hnh 1a. Mng RS-485 a im s dng 2 dy

MASTER

1200m

Rt

SLAVE

Rt

TX
A
RX

Rt

Rt

SLAVE
R1

SLAVE A

R2

A
R1

G
R2A

TX
A
RX

A
B

R
R1

R2
A

TX

RX
R1
A

B
R2A

Hnh 1b. Mng RS-485 a im s dng 4 dy

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G: B pht tn hiu
R: B thu tn hiu
Rt,R1,R2:in tr

Tp ch Khoa hc & Cng ngh - S 1(45) Tp 2/Nm 2008

Phn mm iu khin RS485:

RS485 bao gm cc c t phn cng, cn cc giao thc mng RS485 khng c thit
k chuNn cng cc c t ny m n tu thuc vo ngi thit k v tng bi ton c th. Trong
cc giao thc ny, vn quan trng nht l xy dng cc quy tc iu khin b nhn/ gi tn
hiu, khun dng d liu truyn, cc lnh v cc p ng gia cc nt mng v h thng a ch
ho cc mi nt mng. Mi nt mng phi c mt a ch duy nht trong ton mng. Vi h
thng cu hnh 2 dy thng iu khin kt ni b truyn vi b nhn di dng "loopback".
i vi h thng Master/Slave, nt Master s pht sinh cc lnh gi ti cc nt Slave v nhn
p ng tr v t cc nt ny. Mi nt trong m hnh ny phi c mt a ch duy nht.
2. Xy dng mng RS485 vi LabVIEW(LV485)
2.1. H thng LV485
Mng RS485 c xy dng kt ni PC vi cc b iu khin s dng cc chp 89Cx51
hoc PIC16F84 v c iu khin bi chng trnh LabVIEW s dng cu hnh 2 dy v lm
vic theo kiu half-duplex. H thng ny cho php kt ni cc rhit b nhng vi h LabVIEW
vi khong cch truyn thng xa phc v cho cc h thng iu khin t xa, cc h thng an
ninh, gim st qua mng vi camera, cc h thng HomeAutomation ...
H thng c thit k cho php truyn tn hiu iu khin t PC n cc b iu khin
v nhn d liu chuyn v PC t cc b iu khin . Mi thi im chng trnh ch cho
php thao tc vi mt b iu khin.
Vn thit k h thng LV485 gm 2 phn: thit k phn cng v phn mm, trong
c bit l xy dng giao thc truyn thng cho mng LV485. S mng LV485 c th
hin nh hnh 2. Trong s ny h thng bao gm cc thnh phn sau:
PC: My tnh c nhn vi phn mm gim st, thu thp d liu v iu khin vit bng
ngn ng LabVIEW, giao thc c thit k cho mng LV485.
-

Cc b iu khin nhng s dng chp 89Cx51 hoc PIC 16F84...

H thng BUS RS485 gm 2 dy+ 1 dy tn hiu GND

Cc b chuyn i t chuNn RS485 sang chuNn RS485

Cc b iu khin nhng #1 n #N vi N cc i ln nht l 32

RS485 BUS

B
RS232 to
RS485

PC

GND
RS232 to
RS485

RS232 to
RS485

RS232 to
RS485

(LabVIEW)
#1

#2

#N

Hnh 2. H thng LV485

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2.1.1. Xy dng phn cng h thng LV485

Cc b iu khin nhng #1->#N

Cc b iu khin c thit k vi chp 89C2051, 89C4051, 89C52.... Cc b iu khin

ny thc hin cc nhim v thu thp d liu, gi d liu v cho PC v nhn tn hiu iu khin
t PC qua mng RS485 ca LV485. Mi b iu khin c a ch ring v duy nht nhn
dng. Cc b iu khin giao tip vi mng RS485 thng qua cng RS232 v b chuyn i t
RS232 thnh RS485 v ngc li. B iu khin nhng bao gm cc thnh phn ch yu sau:
-

Mch vi x l 89C4051 hoc 89C2051, y l cc b x l tm bt c gi thnh

thp v n gin. Mch chp ny c kt ni vi cc thit b vo/ra.

Mch dao ng thch anh vi tn s 11.972MHz

Mch giao tip cng tun t RS232 s dng chp MAX232
Mch ngun AC/DC 5V.
Cc mch I/O nhn tn hiu AI t b chuyn i ADC ni vi cc sensor tn hiu
u vo, cc tn hiu DIO.

Cc b chuyn i RS232/485

Cc b chuyn i ny s dng cc chp MAX485 hoc chp SN75156B, s cc b

chuyn i cc nt mng c th hin nh hnh 6. Trong s ny, cc in tr R1, R2, R3,
R4 c thm vo mi nt, cn in tr R5 ch thm vo 2 nt cui ca mng RS485. Tn hiu
iu khin s dng tn hiu RTS ca RS232. Mng s dng nt vi c im ca b chuyn i
ny cho php m rng mng cc i ti 32 nt mng.
H thng bus LV485
H thng Bus ny c th hin nh hnh 2[1][2][4][6][8]. BUS gm c 3 ng tn
hiu, vi 2 dy tn hiu RS485 v dy tn hiu GND. Cc dy ny c th s dng dy cp xon
i v c khong cch xa gia 2 nt truyn thng ln ti 1200m.
2.1.2. Xy dng giao thc LV485
Phn mm LV485 gm nhiu phn mm c pht trin, ci t trn PC v trong cc b iu
khin nhng.
Giao thc LV485 hot ng theo kiu half-duplex vi tc truyn d liu l 9600bps. Gi tin
ca giao thc bao gm cc byte 8 bt. Kch thc ti thiu ca gi tin l 3byte v cc i l 8
byte c cu trc m t bng 1.
Bng 1: *Tp lnh v p ng ca giao thc LV485: Tp lnh 8 bt bao gm cc lnh v cc p ng
Byte offset

58

Bt

Tn

M t

0-2

3-7

0-7

0-7

Tu chn di d liu, gi tr 0 ngha LEN=3 byte.

CONID
ID LV485 ca cc b iu khin nhng c gi tr t 0->31
COMMAND Lnh v p ng ca LV485
DATA
D liu, LEN=0 ngha l khng c d liu

2+LEN

0-7

CHKSUM

LEN

Kim tra check sum

Tp ch Khoa hc & Cng ngh - S 1(45) Tp 2/Nm 2008

Cc lnh c truyn t PC ti cc b iu khin, cc p ng gi t cc b iu khin

v PC. Ti mi b iu khin c vng qut v cp nht d liu cc b. Ti mi b iu khin,
khi nhn c lnh yu cu chuyn d liu th s gi d liu v PC qua cc p ng, khi nhn
lnh cp nht th cp nht cc thit b cc b. S qu trnh th hin nh hnh 3.
Commands

PC
I/O

VXL

Local Loop
Global Loop

Responses

I/O

VXL

(LV485)

Local Loop
Global Loop

Hnh 3. C ch hot ng ca LV485

START
START

Khi ng vng qut d liu cc b

Pht sinh tn hiu RST
t BK trng thi nghe
Truyn gi tin ti CONID

Tip tc ?
Truyn
Xong?
C gi tin?
t trng thi nhn gi tin
ng /c?
a ch=0?
t BK trng thi truyn tin
Phn tch, hin th d liu
Phn tch byte lnh v to gi tin v gi
Tip tc?
END
END

Hnh 4. Thut ton gi/nhn lnh/d liu ca PC v cc nt mng LV485

a) Thut ton gi/nhn lnh/d liu ca PC b )Thut ton gi/nhn lnh/d liu ca nt mng

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Tp ch Khoa hc & Cng ngh - S 1(45) Tp 2/Nm 2008

Cn pha PC, u tin khi chng trnh LV485 khi ng, n gi tn hiu( s dng tn hiu
RST) t b chuyn i RS232/RS485 trng thi truyn, thc hin truyn gi tin ti tt c
cc trm (broadcast), trong gi tin cha CONID ca b iu khin c nhn gi tin.
Sau LV485 c t li trng thi nghe. Lnh tip theo ch c gi i sau khi LV485
trng thi nghe mt khong thi gian xc inh. Lu thut ton th hin nh hnh 4(b).
2.2. Xy dng phn mm LV485
2.2.1. Phn mm h iu khin nhng
Phn mm iu khin nhng vit bng hp ng v c np trong cc chp x l ca cc b
iu khin. Phn mm ny c nhim v:
-

Thu thp d liu v gi n PC

Nhn gi tin t PC qua mng LV485, phn tch gi tin, nhn tn hiu iu khin
Pht sinh tn hiu iu khin b chuyn i RS232/485

2.2.2.Phn mm iu khin LV485

Phn mm LV485 c vit bng ngn ng LabVIEW[2][3][4] ng vai tr l h thng
gim st, thu thp d liu v iu khin ton b h thng mng LV485. Phn mm ny s dng
tn hiu RST/CST iu khin vic gi v nhn d liu. Phn mm ny s dng cc lnh thao
tc vi cng COM ca LabVIEW:
-

Lnh cu hnh cng COM vi tn hiu RST/CST

Lnh vit d liu ra cng com
Lnh c d liu t cng COM

3. M phng
H thng LV485 c m phng vi mng gm 3 nt b iu khin nhng dng chp
89C4051, chng trnh LV485 vi giao din nh hnh, trong c trng CONID chn thit b tng
tc, tn hiu c c hin th trong trng Acquisition, cc cng tc gi tn hiu ra iu khin Led
trn cc b iu khin. Hnh 5 l giao din ca chng trnh m phng vit bng ngn ng LabVIEW.

Hnh 5. Giao din chong trnh LabVIEW ca mng LV485

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4. Kt lun
H thng LV485, sau khi th nghim chy v hon ton c th a ra ng dng thc
t. H thng c xy dng trn c s nhng ti nguyn c sn th trng Vit Nam, gi
thnh h. V nht l vi giao thc LV485, cho php m rng mng iu khin tch hp vi
nhiu thit b c sn cng nh mng iu khin phn cp.
H thng ny sau khi hon thin hon ton c th ng dng c trong cc h thng iu
khin trong thc t vi khong cch truyn xa, nht l cc h thng nhng trong cng nghip,
cc h thng cnh bo vi d liu truyn nh thi gian thc, cc h thng tch hp iu khin
qua mng Internet 
Tm tt
RS485 l mt chuNn c s dng rt ph bin trong cng nghip v l nn tng ca cc
chuNn Profibus v Fieldbus, l nhng chuNn truyn thng chnh trong mi trng Cng nghip
hin nay. Mng RS485 khng c giao thc truyn thng chuNn m giao thc c pht trin tu
thuc vo tng ng dng cng nh ngi thit k. Bi bo ny cp n vn xy dng mt
mng RS485 cho cc thit b nhng v xy dng mt giao thc truyn thng LV485 trn mng
. ng thi cng cp n vn ng dng n trong thc t.
Summary
LabVIEW-Based RS485-Network Design for Communication of Embedded Systems
RS485 has popular applications in communication network of industrial control systems
with widely-used protocols as DH485, profibus, fieldbus, devicenet, controlnet.... In the case of
embedded systems with serial interfaces, the communication network of such systems must be
able to accommodate large amounts of data exchange in real time. In this paper we present our
design of control network of embedded systems via physical media RS485 and developed
communication protocol using LabVIEW for industrial applications.
Ti liu tham kho
[1] Clyde F. Coombs Jr., electronic instrument Handbook, McGraw-Hill, Copyright @ 2000.
[2] National instruments, Measurement and Automation, Catalog 2005, 2006.
[3] National instruments, LabVIEW user manual, Copyright 2000
[4] Maxim, Pre-emphasis improves RS-485 Communications, 2001
[5] Texas instruments, User manual, Copyright 2003
[6] Allegro Microsystems Inc., 5804 BiMOS unipolar Stepper-Motor Translator/Driver datasheet,
Massachussetts,1998.
[7] SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics, L293D Push-Pull four Channel Driver with Diodes datasheet,
Jun. 1996.
[8] Vishay Semiconductor GmbH., TCST110 up to TCST230 Transmissive Optical Sensor with
Phototransistor output datasheet, Jun. 1999, available at http://www.vishay.com.

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