NGUYN

LIU

SN PHM

*Chng ct du th
l mt qu trnh vt
l phn chia du th
thnh cc phn on.
*Phn loi: cc n
gin (b/hi dn dn,
1or nhiu ln); cc
phc tp(cc c hi
lu, cc c chng
luyn); cc c/khng.
* mc ch: nhn
cc phn on nh
(naphta), phn on
kerosen: phn on
diezel v cn chng
ct.

Du th( c n
nh v loi b bt
tp cht c hc)

*Kh:C1-C4, t C5-C6, c/yu

C3,C4:tng hp ha du
:LPG, MTBE(chg kch n
xng)
*Xng(<1800C,C5-C10,C11):
pra, nap, aromat, ON(60).
*Kerosen(180-2500C,C11C15,C16): naphten-parafin, t
iso-parafin.
*Gasoil nh(Diezel,2503500C,C16-20,21) : phn ln
n-v iso-parafin,t nap v
aromat.
*Gasoil nng(du
nhn,350-500,C21-35, ti 40):n
v iso-par t, n nap v
aromat.
*cn gudron(>500,ln C40,
gh cui 80): nhm cht du(pt
ln),nha, asphanten

C IM CNG NGH
XC TC
Vnp liu

T0C

P(at)

*Np liu3303600C
*nh:
100120:
Hcao
,trnh li ko
sp ng
*y: 340-355:
trnh
phn
hy.

-K1: 0,4-0,5Mpa
-K2: 0,15-0,2 Mpa:
qua n a nhiu
tr lc T0 P

CC PK

BN CHT HA HC
T l
H2/Ng/liu

U IM

NHC IM

CC 1 bc

*Nhit nung nng l nung thp

*S t/b t nn cc ng cng ngh ngn, cht
ch, din tch nh
*Chi ph nhin liu v hi nc thp
*Khng cn thit b chn khng

CC 2 bc

*Mm do hn v kh nng hot ng cao hn

i vi s bin i hm lng phn on xng
v kh ha tan trong du
*Cc cht n mn mnh b loi b qua dng
sn phm nh ca thp th nht nn bo v
c thp chnh
*Khng to p sut cao, c th s dng thit b
r tin hn
*Gim tn p trong l nung: hi t t/b bay hi
c a vo thp chnh, do ko cn t/b
ngng t c lp v t/b hi lu.
*Chng ct ng thi phn on nh v
nng T0 trong l nung
*s dng c cho trng hp ng/liu cha c
HC, mui, nc v S

*Tr lc dng nguyn liu trao i nhit v l nung

cao, dn ti chi ph nng lng cho my bm
nguyn liu cao
*Tr lc trong ng v v trao i nhit cao, nn xc
sut ri du th vo distilat ln khi kn ca trao
i nhit khng m bo
*Khng p ng c yu cu ch bin i vi cc
du khc nhau.
*Du th cn c nung nng trong l nung n
nhit cao hn so vi s bay hi 1 bc
*Nhiu thit b ph tr tng chi ph

Thp rng

CC PKQ(cc trc tip)

K/N C
BN

Thp loi
xng

*Hm lng p/on xng v kh ha tn caothp

chnh b qu ti
*B n mn(tt c cht n mn, HCl,
RSH,H2S,cng hi ri vo thp chng ct.

Du th cn c nung nng trong l

nung n nhit cao hn so vi s
bay hi 1 bc.

*Ck l: vng khng

gian c p sut tuyt
i thp hn p sut
kh quyn tiu chun.
*Mc ch:
- Hn ch s phn
hy v phn ng
cracking.
- Thu thm phn
on :
+ asoil nh:
Nguyn liu cho qu
trnh cracking thu
xng.
+ asoil nng:
Ch to cc sn
phm du nhn.
+ Cn ca qu
tr nh chng ct chn
khng (cn gudron) :
sn xut bitum v
nhin liu t l.
* ngha: chng ct
p sut chn khng
m bo cho hiu
qu tch cao,trnh
phn hy HC.

Cn
mazut
t
chng ct k/q (350500oC,C21-C40)
gm: cc parafin
mch thng v
nhnh, naphten n
hay a vng,.. cht
lai
hp
gia
naphten v HC
thm.

*Kh: Hm lng rt t
(khng ng k).
* asoil nh:Phn ln l cc
n-parafin, izo-parafin cn
HC thm rt t. Hm lng
cc cht cha S, N, O tng.
*Phn on gasoil nng:
gim ma st, lm mt, lm
kn, lm sch, b/v kim
loi.
*cn gudron: nhm cht
du, nha, asphanten: s/x
bitum, than cc, b hng,
n/l t l.

*Nhp
liu:
405 420oC:
Cn mazut sau
khi chng ct
kh quyn (>
350oC) tip tc
c gia nhit
trc khi vo
nhp liu ti
thp
chn
khng.
*nh thp: 80
90oC:ti u
cho qu trnh,
Hdistilat cao I.
*y thp: <
350oC: trnh s
phn hy
cacc HC,
hn ch s mt
mt v thu
c hiu sut
sn phm cao
nht.

*p sut d trong
thp: 60 mmHg:
+
iu ch
distilat du nhn th
phn hy cn phi t
nht bng cch tng
hi
nc,
gim
chnh lch p sut
trong thp
chn
khng.
+Nhit si ca
cc
hydrocacbon
gim mnh khi p
sut d t
50mmHg.

Gin
g
Khc

Nhiu thit b ph tr

CC K/Q
CC CK
- u da trn qu tr nh chng ct vt l.
- S dng nhit lm bay hi cc cu t trong hn hp cn chng ct nhm thu c sn phm theo tng
phn on bay hi.
- Nguyn liu l du th.
- Nguyn liu l cn mazut.
- S dng p sut kh quyn.
- S dng p sut chn khng.
o
Nhit : 180 350 C.
Nhit : 350 500oC.