1.

Physical properties of chemicals

Form more dangerous when in the
form of
liquid or gas is inhaled and shape of
the particles
when inhaled, the smaller the
particles the
more deposited in the lungs
2. Materials or fumes that may cause
irritation or sensitization, injuries and
pain

 There are no clear boundaries between

hazardous chemicals and dangerous

Hazardous chemicals when handled properly
will be safe to use
The chemicals are not dangerous if handled
carelessly would be extremely dangerous
Paracelsus (1493-1541) "all the ingredients
are toxic, no any ingredients that are not
toxic, just the right dose differentiates a
poison or drug is becoming"

 To determine the toxicity of the known LD50, the

lower the LD50 of a substance, the more harmful

to the body and vice versa
Toxins super: 5 mg / kg or less, for example:
Nicotine
Extremely toxic: (5-50 mg / kg), for example: Lead
arsenate
Highly toxic: (50-500 mg / kg), eg hydroquinone
Toxic medium (0.5-5 g / kg), for example:
Isopropanol
Slightly toxic (5-15 g / kg), for example: ascorbic
acid
Non-toxic (> 15 g / kg), for example: Propylene
glycol

a. Metal and
metalloid
compounds
b. Solvent
c. Toxic gases

d. carcinogens
e. pesticide

 Group of Pesticides, the organo-chlorine, organo-

phosphates, carbamates, arsenic.

Class gases, namely nitrogen (N2), methane (CH4),

Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN),

hydrogen sulfide (H2S), Carbonyl Nickel (Ni (CO) 4),
Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Chlorine (Cl 2), nitrous oxide (N2O;
NO; NO2), Phosgene (COCl2), Arsin (AsH3), Stibin
(SbH3).
Group metalloid / metals, namely lead (Pb), phosphorus

(P), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), Cadmium

(Cd), nickel (Ni), platinum (Pt), Zinc (Zn ).
Class of organic materials, namely Acrylamide, Anilin,

Benzene, Toluene, Xylene, Vinyl Chloride, Carbon

disulfide, Methyl Alcohol, Phenol, Styrene.