et.

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KHI NG TRC K THI QUC GIA NM 2015

Mn thi: Ton THPT. S 02
Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht
Cu 1 (2,0 im). Cho hm s y

3x 1
C
2x 1

a. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s C .

b. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th C , bit tip tuyn i qua im M 1;4 .
Cu 2 (1,0 im).

k2
pi.
n

.
a. Gii phng trnh cos x sin 2 x
4
2
4

b. C nm on thng c di ln lt l 2cm, 4cm, 6cm, 8cm v 10cm. Ly ngu nhin ba on thng

trong nm on thng trn. Tnh xc sut ba on thng ly ra lp thnh mt tam gic.
e

1
ln x
Cu 3 (1,0 im). Tnh tch phn I 2 1
dx.
x
1 x
Cu 4 (1,0 im).

a. Gii bt phng trnh log 2 x 2 1 log 1 x 1.

2

b. Tm s phc z tha mn ng thc sau 1 i z 2 2 11i 0.

Cu 5 (1,0 im). Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho mt phng P : 4 x 3 y 11z 26 0 v hai

x 4 y z 3
x y 3 z 1

v d2 :
. Xc nh ta giao im ca ng thng d1
1
2
3
1
1
2
vi mt phng P . Vit phng trnh ng thng nm trong mt phng P sao cho ct c d1 v d 2 .
ng thng d1 :

w.

Cu 6 (1,0 im). Cho lng tr tam gic ABC.A ' B 'C ' c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a. Hnh chiu
vung gc ca A ' xung mt phng ABC trng vi trng tm G ca tam gic ABC. Bit ng thng

AA ' hp vi y ABC mt gc 600 . Chng minh rng t gic BB 'C 'C l hnh ch nht v tnh th tch
khi lng tr ABC.A ' B 'C '.
Cu 7 (1,0 im). Trong mt phng Oxy, cho tam gic ABC ni tip ng trn

C : x

ww

7
5
1 325

y
. ng phn gic trong gc BAC ct C ti im E 0; . Xc nh ta

2
4
16
2

cc nh tam gic ABC, bit ng thng BC i qua im N 5;2 v ng thng AB i qua P 3; 2 .

x 3 y 3 xy 2 x 2 y 2

Cu 8 (1,0 im). Gii h phng trnh

4 x x 2 1 9 y 1 2 x 2

Cu 9 (1,0 im) Cho x , y, z l cc s thc thuc on 0;1 tha mn

tr ln nht ca biu thc: P xy 2 z 3 .
--------------------Ht--------------------

1
2
3

1. Tm gi
4x 5 4 y 5 4z 5

HNG DN GII THI TH QG NM

2015

et.
vn

2 - Ngy thi : 18-10-2014

I. PHN CHUNG CHO TT C CC TH SINH

3x + 1
(C)
2x 1
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s (C).
b. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th (C), bit tip tuyn i qua im M(1; 4).
Cu 1

Cho hm s : y =

Li gii :
a.
n o
Tp X: D = R \ 12 . o hm: y 0 =

5
.
(2x 1)2

 


1
3x + 1
1
,
< 0, x D nn hm s y =
nghch bin trn tng khong ;
; +
2x 1
2
2
3
3
3
lim y = , lim y = nn y = l ng tim cn ngang ca th hm s
x+
2 x
2
2
1
lim y = +, lim y = nn x = l ng tin cn ng ca th hm s
+
2
x 1
x 1
2

Bng bin thin:

k2
pi.
n

y0

x
y0

1
2

3
2

th

3
2

w.

ww

y=

b.

3a + 1
Gi K a,
2a 1

vi a 6=

3x + 1
2x 1

1
3x + 1
l mt im thuc hm s y =
2
2x 1

Khi phng trnh ng tip ca ca K vi th hm s y l : y =

5(x a)
3a + 1
+
2
2a 1
(2a 1)

()

5(1 a)
3a + 1
+
4(2a 1)2 = 5(1 a) + (3a + 1)(2a 1)
2a 1
(2a 1)2
a2 2a + 1 = 0 (a 1)2 = 0 a = 1
Vy phng trnh tip tuyn vi th (C) tha mn tip tuyn i qua M(1; 4) l : y = 5x + 9
i qua M(1; 4) khi 4 =

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Cu 2




1
x sin 2x +
=
4
4
2
b. C nm on thng c di ln lt l 2cm, 4cm, 6cm, 8cm v 10cm. Ly ngu nhin ba on
thng trong nm on thng trn. Tnh xc sut ba on thng ly ra lp thnh mt tam gic.
cos

a. Gii phng trnh

w.

k2
pi.
n

Li gii:
a. (Cch 1)





x 2 sin 2x +
Phng trnh 2 cos
=1
4
4
cos x + sin x sin 2x cos 2x = 1
sin x(1 2 cos x) + cos x(1 2 cos x) = 0
(sin x + cos x)(1 2 cos x) = 0

TH1: sin x + cos x = 0 tan x = 1 x = + k

4

1
x = + k2 hay x = + k2
TH2: cos x =
2
3
3
a. (Cch 2)





Phng trnh cos
x = sin 2x +
+ sin
4
 4

 4 
sin
+ x = 2 sin
+ x cos x
4
4


+ x (1 2 cos x) = 0
sin
4



TH1: sin
+ x = 0 x = + k
4
4
1

TH2: cos x =
x = + k2 hay x = + k2
2
3
3
b.
Xt 3 on thng c di a, b, c tha mn a > b > c > 0 th iu kin cn v 3 on thng lp
thnh mt tam gic l a + b > c, b + c > a, c + a > b = b + c > a
Do 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 lp thnh cp s cng vi cng sai bng 2 v a, b, c {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
Nn a b + 2 v b c + 2. M b + c > a b + 2 nn c > 2 tc l c 4. Suy ra b 6 v a 8
Nu a = 8 th b, c {4, 6}. Khi c (a, b, c) = (8, 6, 4) tha mn iu kin a > b > c > 0 v b + c > a
Nu a = 10 th b, c {4, 6, 8}. Khi c (a, b, c) = (10, 8, 4); (10, 8, 6) tha mn iu kin a > b > c > 0 v
b+c>a
Tm li ch c 3 b (a, b, c) tha mn a > b > c > 0 v b + c > a Hay ch c 3 cch ly 3 on thng t 5
on thng lp thnh mt tam gic
S cch ly 3 on thng t 5 on thng l : {35 = 10 cch.
3
Vy xc sut ly 3 on thng t 5 on thng lp thnh mt tam gic l : P =
10
Z e

Cu 3

Tnh tch phn I =


1
ln x
+1
dx
dx.
x2
x

ww

Li
Z e gii : 
Z e
Z e
1
ln x
ln x
ln x
I=
+1
dx
dx =
dx +
2
3
x
x Z
1
1 x
1 x 
Z
e ln x
e
2 e
1
a) Tnh I1 =
dx =
ln xd(ln x) = ln x  =
2 1 2
1
Z1 e x
dx
dx
1
ln x
b) Tnh I2 =
dx Gi u = ln x v dv = 3 Suy ra du =
v v = 2
3
x
2x
1 x Z
e x
e
e 1
1
1
3
1 
ln x 
Vy I2 =

dx = 2 + 2  = 2
3
2 
e
4x 1 4 4e
1 2x
Z e2x 1 
1
ln x
3
3
Tm li
+1
dx = 2
2
x
4
x
4e
1

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log 2(x2 1) log 1 (x 1)

2

et.
vn

Cu 4
a. Gii bt phng trnh

b. Tm s phc z tha mn ng thc sau (1 + i)z2 + 2 + 11i = 00.

k2
pi.
n

Li gii :
a.
K: x > 1
BPT log2 (x2 1) + log2 (x 1) 0 log2 ((x2 1)(x 1)) 0 (x2 1)(x 1) 1
1+ 5
(do x > 1)
x3 x2 x + 1 1 x(x2 x 1) 0 x2 x 1 0 x
2
"
!

1+ 5
Vy tp nghim ca BPT l S =
; +
2
b.
t z = a + bi vi a, b R.
13 9
2 + 11i
a2 b2 + 2abi = i
Khi (1 + i)z2 + 2 + 11i = 0 z2 =
1+i
2 2

(
9


9
b = ; a 6= 0
9
13
b = ; a 6= 0
4a

a2 b2 = 2ab =
4a
a2 81 = 13
2
2

16a4 + 104a2 81 = 0
2
2
16a
r

13 + 5 10
9
9
V a R nn a =
v b =
= p
(tha mn)
4
4a
2
13
+
5
10
r

13 + 5 10
9
p
Tm li : z =
i
4
2 13 + 5 10

Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (P) : 4x 3y + 11z 26 = 0 v

x
y3
z+1
x4
y
z3
hai ng thng d1 :
=
=
v d2 :
= =
. Xc nh ta giao im ca
1
2
3
1
1
2
ng thng d1 vi mt phng (P). Vit phng trnh ng thng nm trong mt phng (P) sao
cho ct d1 v d2 .
Cu 5

a) Gi M(t, 2t + 3, 3t 1) l mt im thuc d1 .
Vy M thuc (P) khi v ch khi ta im M tha mn phng trnh
mt phng (P) hay : 4t 3(2t + 3) + 11(3t 1) 26 = 0 t = 2
Vy giao im ca (P) v d1 l M(2, 7, 5)
b) Gi N(t0 + 4, t0 , 2t0 + 3) l mt im thuc d2 .
Vy N thuc (P) khi v ch khi ta im N tha mn phng trnh
mt phng (P) hay : 4(t0 + 4) 3t0 + 11(2t0 + 3) 26 = 0 t0 = 1
Vy giao im ca (P) v d2 l N(3, 1, 1)

Suy ra MN = (5, 8, 4) l mt VTCP ca ng thng MN

y7
z5
x+2
=
=
Suy ra phng trnh ng thng MN l
5
8
4
Vy thuc (P) v ct d1 v d2 khi v ch khi M v N thuc
hay l ng thng MN
x+2
y7
z5
Vy phng trnh ng thng l
=
=
5
8
4

ww

w.

Li gii :

Cu 6 Cho lng tr tam gic ABC.A0 B0 C0 c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a. Hnh chiu vung
gc ca A0 xung mt phng (ABC) trng vi trng tm G ca tam gic ABC. Bit ng thng
AA0 hp vi y (ABC) mt gc 60o . Chng minh BB0 C0 C l hnh ch nht v tnh th tch khi
lng tr ABC.A0 B0 C0 .
Li gii:

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0 AG nhn,
\
A0 G (ABC) nn 4A0 GA vung ti G = A
0 AG = 60o = A0 G = AG tan 30o = AG
\

nn A
3
Gi AM ct BC ti M th M l trung im ca BC v AM BC
Li c A0 G BC nn BC (A0 AG) suy ra AA0 BC.
M AA0 kB0 B nn B0 B BC
Li c B0 BkC0 C v B0 B = C0 C nn B0 BCC0 l hnh ch nht
2
a
2
Ta c AG = AM = AC cos 30o =
3
3
3

3 3
AG 1
0
VA0 B0 C0 .ABC = A G.SABC = . AB.AC. sin 60o =
a
2
12
3

Li gii:

k2
pi.
n

Cu 7 Trong mt phng vi h trc ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC ni tip ng trn (C) :






5 2
1 2
325
7
x
+ y
=
. ng phn gic trong gc BAC ct (C) ti E 0; . Xc nh t
2
4
16
2
cc nh tam gic ABC, bit ng thng BC i qua im N(5; 2) v ng thng AB i qua
im P(3; 2).

5 1
[ nn E l im
Tm ca (C) l I
. V AE l phn gic BAC
,
2 4
nm chnh gia
 cung BC hay IE vung gc vi BC.
N

5 15
,
Suy ra EI =
l mt VTPT ca ng thng BC.
2 4
I
x Suy ra phng trnh ng thng BC l :
C0
B
15
5
(x + 5) + (y 2) = 0 2x + 3y + 4 = 0
2
4
Vy honh giao im ca (C) v BC l nghim ca phng
P




5 2
4 2x 1 2 325
A0
trnh : x
+

=
x2 2x 8 = 0
2
3
4
16
E
(x + 2)(x 4) = 0 x = 2 hay x = 4
B0 C

TH1 : B (2, 0) v C (4, 4) Ta c PB = (1, 2) l mt VTCP ca AB

Suy ra phng trnh ng thng AB : 2x y + 4 = 0
Khi honh giao im ca AB v (C) l nghim ca phng trnh:
A





5 2
1 2 325
x
+ 4 + 2x
=
(x + 2)x = 0
2
4
16

w.

V B c honh l 2 nn ta im A l (0, 4)

TH2 : B (4, 4) v C (2, 0) Ta c PB = (7, 2) l mt VTCP ca AB

Suy ra phng trnh ng thng AB : 2x + 7y + 20 = 0
Khi honh giao im ca AB v (C) l nghim ca phng trnh:

ww







5 2
2x + 20 1 2 325
54
x
+

=
(x 4) x +
=0
2
7
4
16
53


54 136
[
V B c honh l 4 nn ta im A l ,
(khng tha AE l phn gic trong ca BAC)
53 53
Tm li : A (0, 4); B (2, 0) v C (4, 4)

Cu 8

Gii h phng trnh

q
x3 + y3 = xy 2 x2 + y2

p

4 x + x2 1 = 9(y 1)2x 2

Li gii :
KX: x 1
T PT(2) ta c y 1 0 hay y 1 Suy ra x3 + y3 > 0
Vy PT(1) (x3 + y3 )2 = 2x2 y2 (x2 + y2 )
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Cho x, y, z [0; 1] tha mn

Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc

Li gii :

1
2
3
+
+
= 11.
4x + 5 4y + 5 4z + 5
P = xy2 z3

k2
pi.
n

Cu 9

et.
vn

(x2 + y2 + 2xy)(x2 + y2 xy)2 = 2x2 y2 (x2 + y2 )

(x2 + y2 )3 3(x2 + y2 )x2 y2 + 2x3 y3 = 2x2 y2 (x2 + y2 )
(x2 + y2 2xy)((x2 + y2 )2 + 2(x2 + y2 )xy x2 y2 ) = 0
x2 + y2 2xy = 0 (v (x2 + y2 )2 + 2(x2 + y2 )xy x2 y2 = x4 + x2 y2 + y4 + 2(x2 + y2 )xy > 0)
x = y
p

Th vo PT(2)
ta
c
:
4
x
+
x2 1 = 9(x 1) 2x 2

4
2
16(x

+ x 1)= 162(x 1)
1
4
55
(3x 5) 27x2 36x +
=0
8
x2 1
3
3
3


24 x + 40
55

27 x2 + 36 x
(3 x 5) = 0 (1)
3
9 x2 1 + 12
24 x + 40
24 x + 40
Ta c

vi mi x 1
2
12
9 x 1 + 12


24 x + 40
55
19 2 44
2
2

27x + 38x 15 = 27 x
<0
Suy ra
27 x + 36 x
3
27
27
9 x2 1 + 12


5
5 5
Vy (1) tng ng vi x = (tha mn). Tm li (x, y) =
,
3
3 3

36
6 2 ln 2 vi mi t (0, 1]
4t + 5
1
1
144
1152
, f 00 (t) = 2 +
, f(t) lin tc trn (0, 1]
Chng minh : f 0 (t) =
2
t (4t + 5)
(4t + 5)3
t
 
1
1
32
0
00
2
v f (t) = 0 144t = (4t + 5) t = (v t (0, 1]) Khi f
=
<0
4
4
3
 
1
Tm li f(t) f
= 6 2 ln 2 Suy ra pcm
4
Tr li bi ton :
? Xt x = 0 hoc y = 0 hoc z = 0 th P = 0
? Xt xyz 6= 0 th






36
36
36
ln P = ln x+2 ln y+3 ln z 6 2 ln 2
+2 6 2 ln 2
+3 6 2 ln 2
= 12 ln 2
4x + 5
4z + 5
 4y +5
1
1
1 1 1
Nn P
. Vy Pmax =
khi chng hn (x, y, z) =
, ,
4096
4096
4 4 4
-Ht-

w.

B : f(t) = ln t +

ww

Li gii c thc hin bi cc thnh vin din n ton THPT www.k2pi.net.vn

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