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REVIEW ARTICLE

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eISSN 2348- 0173

Global Impact Factor (GIF) 0.187 (2013)

A REVIEW ARTICLE ON ANTICANCEROUS DRUGS IN AYURVEDA

AND SCREENED ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
Ambika Dhiman,1* S.K.Hiremath,2 Madhu Pathak,3 Dhanpat Mishra4

1. * PG Scholar, Dept. of Agada Tantra, KLEUS Shri BMK Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya,

Belgaum (Karnataka), Mobile No. +919036266907 Email - ambs.agad@gmail.com
2. Professor & Head, Dept. of Agada Tantra, KLEUS Shri BMK Ayurveda mahavidyalaya,
Belgaum (Karnataka), Mobile No. +919844777955, Email - dr.shivamurti@gmail.com
3. PG Scholar, Dept. of Agada Tantra, KLEUS Shri BMK Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Belgaum
(Karnataka), Mobile No. +917813090371 Email - dr.madhupathak81@gmail.com
4. PG Scholar, Dept. of Kaya chikitsa, KLEUS Shri BMK Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Belgaum
(Karnataka), Mobile No. +918792324056, Email - drdhanpatmishra@gmail.com

Article Received on
Article Revised on
Article Revised on
Article Revised on
Article Accepted on

1st Aug 2014

30th Aug 2014
7th Sept 2014
8th Sept 2014
9th Sept 2014

Page

(Full Text Available @ www.ijaam.org)

54

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2013 IJAAM
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REVIEW ARTICLE

A REVIEW ARTICLE ON ANTICANCEROUS DRUGS IN AYURVEDA

AND SCREENED ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
*Corresponding Author
Ambika Dhiman
PG Scholar,
Dept. of Agada Tantra,
KLEUS Shri BMK Ayurveda
Mahavidyalaya,
Belgaum (Karnataka),
Mobile No. +919036266907
Email - ambs.agad@gmail.com

QR Code IJAAM

ABSTRACT:
Cancer also known as a malignant tumor, is a group of diseases involving
abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the
body. Cancer prevalence in India is estimated to be around 2.5 million, with over
eight lakh new cases and 5, 50,000deaths occurring each year. According to
Ayurveda, in Cancer is termed as Arbuda which is resultant of vitiation of all the
three doshas. They intern vitiate 'mamsa and 'Rakta' results in Arbuda, Current
treatment modalities for cancer include radiotherapy used in conjunction with
chemotherapy or surgery as need be in order to minimize local control. As these
treatments are effective against cancer, they also have adverse effects on the
patient's body. Many plants have been documented in the Ayurvedic Classics for
their use in the treatment of Arbuda.3Also in the recent past many plants have
been screened for their anticancer activity. Some have them have also shown
promising results in vitro. At least these plants can be quite effectively used as
an alternative therapy to counteract the adverse effects produced by current
therapy. This
paper deals with the review of the medicinal plants told in
Ayurveda for Cancer and highlights the
related researches on plants with
promising results with their mechanism of action

Key Words: Cancer, Arbuda, Medicinal plants, Recent Researches

Sr
No

Type

Vataja[3]

Pittaja[4]

Kaphaja[5]

Raktaja[6]

signs and symptoms

Mass is black in color, soft, resembles a
bladder (basti), and when pricked
exudes thin and pure blood. Patient
feels different types of pain, such as expanding, tearing, pricking, pulling,
churning and cutting.
Mass is red or yellowish - red in color
and exudes large amount of warm
blood if pricked.
Patient feels severe burning sensation
(dhoopyate), sucking pain (chushyate),
excessive suppurating (papachyate) is
there and feels as if burning with fire
(prajwalativa)
Mass is cold in touch, not having any
discoloration, very hard like stone,
slow growth rate, and when pricked
exudes thick white puss Patient feels
mild pain with severe itching
Increased dosha invades the blood,
compresses and constricts the blood
vessels (sirastu sampidya- sankochya)
gets suppurate and produces big sized
muscular tumor; studded all over with
sprouts developing quickly and
discharging large quantity of blood
constantly.
This makes the patient to suffer from
pandu (anemia) and complications of
loss of blood.

Ambika Dhiman et. al., A Review Article on Anticancerous Drugs in Ayurveda and Screened Anticancer Activity of Medicinal Plants, Int. J.
Ayu. Alt. Med., 2014; 2(4):54-60

55

In svayathu (sotha ) chikitsa, charak described

granthi , galaganda , apachi etc. while Sushruta and
Madhav both described arbuda and mentioned
similarity in the symptoms of their respective
granthis and stated that granthi and arbuda are
similar in site, etiology, characters, doshas and
dushayas.[2] According to the Samprapti, vitiated
doshas invades the muscles and rakta (blood) and
produces vrittam (round) sthiram (immovable)
manda ruja (slightly painful) mahan(big)
unalpamoolam (deep seated) chirra vruddhi
(slowly increasing) apakam (non suppurating)
tumors of muscular tissue are called arbuda.

Table No: 1-classification and signs and symptoms of

different types of Arbuda in Ayurveda

Page

INTRODUCTION
The word cancer has been introduced in modern
science only a decade ago. Naturally one cannot
except to find the exact synonym of the word
cancer in Ayurveda texts, but the word Arbuda in
Ayurvedic texts fulfills the most of the signs and
symptoms which are explained for the tumor1 .so
the word tumor can be correlated to the word
arbuda in Ayurveda. Like the different types of
cancer told in modern medicine, In Ayurveda
literature also we find the different type of cancer,
depending upon their site and origin eg. Valya,
Blasa , shataghni are the names of the cancers of
the throat.

Mamsja[7]

Medaja[8]

This is said to be more common in

those who are fond of eating nonvegetarian food. Body assault, by the
fist etc makes derangement in mansa
and gives rise to shotha (swelling),
which is painless, smooth, and same in
color as of skin, non-supportive, hard
like stone, and immovable
Mass will have increase or decrease in
size in accordance to that of body,
unctuous (snigdha). If pricked exudes
thick fatty material resembling paste
of
sesame
seeds
or
ghee.
Patient feels severe itching with no
pain or mild pain

Sushruta mentioned one more type of arbuda in

kshudra roga called as sharkararbuda and while
describing prognosis (sadhyata) of arbuda ,
Sushruta mentioned 2 more types.
1) Adhyarbuda
2) Dviarbuda
Among these vataja, pittaja, kaphaja, medaja,
arbuda are benign and are treatable. Raktaarbuda
is highly vascular tumor which bleeds easily and
occur due to vitiation of blood.
Raktaarbuda is highly vascular tumor and usually
associated with anaemia because of its natural
tendency to bleed, so raktarbuda is malignant
tumor and are incurable. [4]
In Conventional System
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal
cells in the body. Cancerous cells are also called
malignant cells, these cells are grows out of normal
cells in the body. Normal cells multiply when the
body needs them, and die when the body doesn't
need them. Cancer appears to occur when the
growth of cells in the body is out of control and
cells divide too quickly. It can also occur when cells
forget how to die.
There are many different kinds of cancers. Cancer
can develop in almost any organ or tissue, such as
the lung, colon, breast, skin, bones, or nerve tissue.
There are many causes of cancers, including:
Benzene and other chemicals
Drinking excess alcohol
Environmental toxins, such as certain
poisonous mushrooms and a type of
poison that can grow on peanut plants
(aflatoxins)
Excessive sunlight exposure
Genetic problems
Obesity
Radiation
Viruses

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However, the cause of many cancers remains

unknown. The most common cause of cancerrelated death is lung cancer.
MANAGEMENT OF CANCER
In Cancer the treatment varies, treatment depends
upon the type of cancer its growth and its
spreading to the surrounding areas.
1. If the cancer is confined to the particular
location and it is not spread, then the most
common treatment approach is surgery.
2. If it is not possible to remove whole of the
cancer by the surgery then treatment includes
radiation, chemotherapy or both.
3. Some cancers require a combination of
surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy
Lymphoma, or cancer of the lymph glands, is
rarely
treated
with
surgery
and
Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are
most often used to treat Lymphoma.
Adverse Effects of Modern Treatment
During the treatment of cancer it is difficult to limit
the effects of the treatment, as it removes or
destroys the cancer cells, also damages healthy
cells and tissues; it often causes unpleasant side
effects.
The side effects of cancer treatment vary. They
depend mainly on the type and extent of the
treatment. Also, each person reacts differently.
Depending upon the treatment like the surgery,
radiation and chemotherapy side effects are also
according them.
Surgery-The side effects of surgery depend on the
location of the tumor, the type of operation, the
patient's general health, and other factors.
Although patients are often uncomfortable during
the first few days after surgery, this pain can be
controlled with medicine. Patients should feel free
to discuss pain relief with the doctor or nurse. It is
also common for patients to feel tired or weak for a
while. The length of time it takes to recover from
an operation varies for each patient
Radiation Therapy
With radiation therapy, the side effects depend on
the treatment dose and the part of the body that is
treated. The most common side effects are
tiredness, skin reactions (such as a rash or
redness) in the treated areas, and loss of appetite.
Radiation therapy also may cause a decrease in the
number of white blood cells.
Chemotherapy--The side effects of chemotherapy
depend mainly on the drugs and the doses the
patient receives. Generally, anticancer drugs affect
cells that divide rapidly. These include blood cells,

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which fight infection, help the blood to clot, or

carry oxygen to all parts of the body. When blood
cells are affected by anticancer drugs, patients are
more likely to get infections, may bruise or bleed
easily, and may have less energy. Cells that line the
digestive tract also divide rapidly. As a result of
chemotherapy, patients may have side effects, such
as loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, hair loss,
or mouth sores. [9]
Ayurvedic Treatment as an adjuvant Therapy
As the modern medicine cures the cancer with
certain complications and requires a huge amount
of money. In such conditions we can use the
Ayurveda line of treatment which is also effective
and without causing the adverse effects hence

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present article was intended to revive various

available scientific articles and Ayurvedic
literatures ofanticancer drugs.
Scientific Principles of Ayurvedic Anticancer
Drugs
In Ayurveda literature many drugs are quoted that
are used in treating the cancer, and many
formulations are made by the combination of the
drugs that can be used by external application and
also advised to administer orally mostly in the
form of decoctions and these decoctions consisting
of multiple herbs and are potent to cure the cancer.
These formulations are reported to work on
multiple biochemical pathways and are capable of
influencing several organ systems simultaneously.

Following are the formulations which are quoted in Ayurveda for the treatment of Arbuda [9]
Vataja arbuda
Paste of Benincasa cerifera, Cucumis memordica, Cocos nucifera, and Eranda beeja,
Ricinus communis along with butter or milk were applied
Pittaja arbuda

Tumors were treated with leaves of Ficus glomerata, Tectona grandis, and
Elephantopus scaber repeatedly and then with a honey mixed fine paste of Aglaja
roxburghiana,Caesalpinia sappan, Symplocos racemosa, Terminalia arjuna, Xanthium
strumarium was applied

Kaphaja arbuda
Jasminum grandiflorum and Nerium odorum leaves was used. For the postoperative
care, oil cooked with Premna herbacea, Embelia ribes, Cissampelos pareira was applied

Name of the
herb
Vitis vinifera
(Draksha)

Method and use

The mixture of Terminalia chebula,
grape juice and sugar cane juice has
been used. Resveratrol, a natural
product derivative from grape juice has
been proved to possess cancer
chemopreventive activity

Baliospermum The paste comprising of Baliospermum

montanum
montanum, Plumbago
zeylanica, Euphorbia
( Danti )
2
neriifolia, Calotropis
procera,
jaggery, Semecarpus anacardium applied
over the tumours
Madhuca
indica
3 (Madhuka)

This paste is prepared from the barks

of Madhuca
indica, Syzygium
cumini, arjuna
Terminalia
arjuna and Salix caprea and prescribed
for local application

The Barleria prionitis oil prepared with

whole plant is indicated for external
application during acute stages of cyst in
blood vessels.

Prosopis
cineraria
8 (Khejri)

This paste made up of Prosopis

cineraria seeds, Raphanus
sativa, Moringa oleifera, barley and
mustard with sour buttermilk was
applied locally for disintegrating cysts

Amorphopallus The mature tuber is first burnt and then

9 campanulatus mixed with butter and jaggery and
(Suran kanda) applied for tumour destruction
Oxoxylum
10 indicum
(Syonaka)

The drug Oxoxylum indicum prescribed

in treatment of granthi.

Basella rubra
11 (Kalambi)

The plant and leaves are ground with

sour buttermilk with salt for preparing a
poultice and indicated for arbuda

Flacourtia
12 romantchi

The paste of Flacourtia romantchi, Cassia

fistula, Capparis
sepiaria,
is
recommended for kaphaja tumours

Moringa
oleifera
(Shigru)
13

The
paste
of Moringa
oleifera seeds, Solanum
xanthocarpum, Sinapis
dichotoma,Holarrhena
antidysenterica and Nerium
odorum roots prepared with buttermilk
is used for arbuda tumours

Ficus
14 bengalensis
(Vata)

Application
of
mixture
of Ficus
bengalensis and Saussurea lappa pacify
tumour growth on bone

Pandanus
A paste of Pandanus odoratissimum with
odoratissimum sugar was applied externally

Pterospermum The
flowers
of Pterospermum
5 acerifolium
acerifolium mixed with sugar to be
(Muchkunda) applied locally
Raphanus
sativus
6
(Mulak)

Local
application
of Raphanus
sativus powder paste with the radish ash
was considered effective against kaphaja
arbuda

Ambika Dhiman et. al., A Review Article on Anticancerous Drugs in Ayurveda and Screened Anticancer Activity of Medicinal Plants, Int. J.
Ayu. Alt. Med., 2014; 2(4):54-60

57

S.
No

Barleria
prionitis
7
(Kuranta)

Page

Table No- 2 Plants indicated for treating Arbuda in

Ayurveda [10]

The Curcuma
domestica powder
in
combination
with Symplocos
racemosa, Soymida febrifuga, is mixed
with honey and this is used as an
external remedy

Plants Screened For Their Anti-canceractivity

1) Tribulus teristrisOne of the active principle of this herb, spirostanol
glycoside demonstrated as a broad range of
anticancer activity against multiple areas. It
contains a large no. of saponiins , in the sudy
saponiins from Tribulus teristris were examined
against liver cancer cell lines . The saponins
demonstrated the cytotoxic activity against the
liver cancer cells through apoptosis.[11]
2) Aegle marmelos
Leticia v and costa L (2005) evaluated the
anticancer potential of folk medicine by using the
extracts of Aegle marmelos
Radioprotective activity in animals were exposed
to radiation and then there was the deformity in
the spleen of animals and then used the extract of
Aegle marmelos and the effect of radiation was
reduced. [12]
3) Solanum xantho carpum Lupeol apigenin and
solamargine in Solanum xantho carpum exhibited
anticancer property .[13]
4) Andrographis paniculata
The
extract
and
isolated
diterpenes
(andrographiside and neoandrographolide) from
this plant are proved to be beneficial against
tumourigenesis by their anti- lipoperoxidative
action and by enhanced carcinogen detoxification
action.[14]
5) Annona atemoya / muricata
Bullatacin an acetogenin isolated from the fruit of
Annona atemova, induces apoptosis , preceded by
chromatin margination and tumour cells
condensation.
Several
other
annonaceous
acetogenins e.g muricins A G, muricatetrocin A
and B, longifolicin, corossolin and corrossolone are
also showed to be significantly selective in
bringing in vitro cytoxicities to tumors cells.[15]
6) Piper longum
Piperine, an active alkaloid extracted from this
plant has been used as an ingredient of Ayurvedic
anticancer formulations because of its anti
oxidative potency in both in vitro and in vivo
conditions.[16]

7) Semicarpus anacardium
In Ayurveda numerous references are available on
anticancer properties of Semecarpus anacardium
nuts .An extensive review describes the
phytochemical and pharmacological properties of
semecarpus anacardium. The chloroform extract of
Semecarpus anacardium nuts possesses antitumor
action which increases the life span against
leukemia, melanoma, and glioma. The milk extract
of Semecarpus anacardium produces regression of
hepatocarcinoma by stimulating host immune
system and normalizing tumors markers including
alpha fetoprotein levels. This preparation
stabilizes the lysosomes and normalizes
glycoprotein and mineral content in the body
during cancer progression, it also corrects
hypoglycemia and controls abnormal
lipid
peroxidation by the maintenance of antioxidant
defense status . In the microsomes, it acts as a
functional inducer of both phase I and II
biotransformation enzyme and prevents tumors
initiation by preventing carcinogen activation.[17]
7) Tinospora cordifolia
The active principles from Tinospora cordifolia
enhance host immune system by increasing
immunoglobulin and blood leukocyte levels and by
the stimulation of stem cells proliferation . It has
the ability to reduce solid tumour volume by
58.8% which is comparable to cyclophosphamide
,a known chemotherapeutic agent . these immune
stimulating properties can be used in the
prevention of tumors mediated immune
suppression and hence could be a drug choice for
various cancers.[18]
Table 3 Scientific evidence for the herbs having the
Anticancer Activity
Name of the
herb

Indications

Abrus
precatorius

Yoshida sarcoma (rats)

(mice)Ascites tumors cells

Albizzia
lebbeck

Sarcoma 180 (mice) [20]

Allium
sativum

Sarcoma (rat) [21]

Aloe vera

Yoshida AH-130 ascites hepatoma (pleural

tumour) human neuroectodermal tumors[22]

Alstonia
scholaries

HSI human sarcoma benzo(a)pyrene induced

forestomach carcinoma[20]

Amura
rohitaka

Leukemia[23]

[19]

Fibro sarcoma

Anacardium Hepatoma 129[20]

occidentale
Asparagus
racemosa

Human epidermoid carcinoma[20]

Ambika Dhiman et. al., A Review Article on Anticancerous Drugs in Ayurveda and Screened Anticancer Activity of Medicinal Plants, Int. J.
Ayu. Alt. Med., 2014; 2(4):54-60

58

Curcuma
domestica
15 (Haldi)

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Walker carcinosarcoma 256[24]

Berberis
aristata

Human epidermal carcinoma of the

nasopharynx, N-nitrosodiethylamine induced
carcinogenesis[24]

Boswellia
serrata

Human epidermal carcinoma of the

nasopharynx, Leukemia and brain tumors[20]

Calotropis
gigantean

Human epidermal
nasopharynx[24]

Curcuma
longa

Fibro sarcoma, Preclinical and clinical trials

review[31]

Datura metel Human epidermal

nasopharynx[20]

carcinoma

carcinoma

Erythrina
suberosa

Sarcoma 180[20]

Euphorbia
hirta

Freund virus leukemia[20]

of

of

the

the

Gynandropis Hematoma 129[20]

pentaphylla
Heliotropium P-388 lymphocytic leukemia[27]
indicum
Hygrophila
spinosa

Daltons lymphoma, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma

and Sarcoma-180[26]

Ixora
undulate

P-388 lymphocytic leukemia[28]

Juniperus
indica

Human epidermoid
nasopharynx[28]

Luffa
cylindrical

Schwartz leukemia[24]

Melia
azedarach

Walker carcinosarcoma 256[24]

Moringa
oleifera

Human epidermoid lymphocytic leukemia Skin

papillomagenesis[28]

Nerium
indicum

Erlish ascites carcinoma[27]

sNigella
sativa

Lewis lung carcinoma, Colon cancer[20]

Ocimum
sanctum

Skin and liver tumors[31]

Paederia
foetida

Human epidermoid
nasopharynx[20]

Picrorrhiza
kurroa

Hepatic cancers[20]

Plumbago
zeylanica

Hepatoma[31]

Rubia
cordifolia

P-388, L-1210, B-16 melanoma, colon 388,

Lewis lung carcinoma, mammary carcinoma[31]

Taxus
buccata

Cytotoxic against various tumors[33]

Vinca rosea

P-1534, carcinoma of the breast, cervix,

kidney, lung and ovary[34]

Withania
somnifera

Various tumors[20]

carcinoma

carcinoma

of

of

the

the

DISCUSSION
Review article means compilation of all text
references regarding one topic and previous
researches done like Tinospora cordifolia; by doing
various experiments we can conclude that it acts as
a immunomodulation drug, because cancer leads
to immunosuppressant. And other researches like
the milk extract of
Semecarpus anacardium
produces
regression of hepatocarcinoma by
stimulating host immune system and normalizing
tumor markers including alpha fetoprotein
levels. This preparation stabilizes the lysosomes
and normalizes glycoprotein and mineral content
in the body during cancer progression , it also
corrects hypoglycemia and controls abnormal
lipid peroxidation by the maintenance of
antioxidant defense status because it is having
tendency to act like this .so in proceeding to these
statements we can do animal experimentation and
after animal experimentation we can apply it in
clinical studies. further this paper will help in
Animal and clinical studies.
CONCLUSION
As the paper is concerned with the review of the
plants used in the treatment of cancer told in
Ayurveda and the plants among them and except
them which are screened for their anticancer
activity , hence there is a huge list of drugs which
is screened for the anticancer activity and among
the list very few drugs are being in clinical practice
and the others dont come in the practice because
of their toxicological effect. So when the drug is
going to be screened for the anticancer activity ,
Care should be taken for the safety usage of the
drug from its toxicity and then after the pre
clinical study clinical studies should be undertaken
to asses the efficacy of the drug.With the help of
this paper the drugs which are quoted to be having
anticancer property in Ayurveda can be screened
on the modern parameters for its scientific
validation.
The herbal drugs which are screened for the
activity and clinical trial are over can be used in
the clinical practices for treating the cancers as
quoted in the treatment modality in Ayurveda .
REFERENCES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

"Cancer Fact sheet N297". World Health Organization.

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Prof. K. R. Srikantha Murthy, Susruta Samhita, Chikitsa
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edition 2005;p.104
Ibid, 11/5, p.104
Ibid, 11/6, p.104
Ibid, 11/16-17, p.105
Ibid, 11/18-20, p.105
Ibid, 11/7, p.104

Ambika Dhiman et. al., A Review Article on Anticancerous Drugs in Ayurveda and Screened Anticancer Activity of Medicinal Plants, Int. J.
Ayu. Alt. Med., 2014; 2(4):54-60

59

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CITE THIS ARTICLE AS

Ambika Dhiman et. al., A Review Article on Anticancerous Drugs in Ayurveda and Screened Anticancer Activity of
Medicinal Plants, Int. J. Ayu. Alt. Med., 2014; 2(4):54-60

Conflict of Interest None Declared

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Ambika Dhiman et. al., A Review Article on Anticancerous Drugs in Ayurveda and Screened Anticancer Activity of Medicinal Plants, Int. J.
Ayu. Alt. Med., 2014; 2(4):54-60

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