GATE Transportation Engineering & Surveying Book

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
&
SURVEYING
for
Civil Engineering
By
www.thegateacademy.com
Syllabus
Transportation Engineering
Syllabus for Transportation Engineering
Highway Planning: Geometric design of highways, testing and specifications of paving materials,
design of flexible and rigid pavements.
Traffic Engineering:
Traffic characteristics, theory of traffic flow, intersection design, traffic signs and signal design,
highway capacity.
Year
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
Analysis of GATE Papers

(Transportation Engineering)
Percentage of marks
14.00
Overall Percentage
12.00
12.00
11.00
15.00
18.00
16.63
16.63
9.00
13.78%
8.67
8.00
17.00
17.00
18.00
THE GATE ACADEMY PVT.LTD. H.O.: #74, KeshavaKrupa (third Floor), 30th Cross, 10th Main, Jayanagar 4th Block, Bangalore-11
: 080-65700750, info@thegateacademy.com Copyright reserved. Web: www.thegateacademy.com
Syllabus
Surveying
1Syllabus for Surveying
Importance of surveying, principles and classifications, Mapping concepts, coordinate system,

map projections,
Measurements of distance and directions, leveling, Theodolite traversing, plane table surveying,
errors and adjustments, curves.
Analysis of GATE Papers

(Surveying)
Year
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
Percentage of marks
14.00
12.00
4
-
2008
2006
2007
2005
2004
2003
Overall Percentage
2.78%
3
-
Contents
Chapter
#1.
#2.
#3.
#4.
CONTENTS
Transportation & Surveying
Page No.
Theory of Traffic Flow and Highway Capacity
113
Geometric Design Of Highway
14 41
Order of Road Development

Modern Road Development in India
Classification of Roads
Engineering Survey for Highway Location
Drawing and Report
Highway Capacity
Assignment
Answer Keys
Explanations
Introduction
Highway Cross Section Elements
Sight Distance
Design of Horizontal Allignment
Vertical Alignment
Solved Examples
Assignment
Answer Keys
Explanations
Traffic Characteristics
Road User Characteristics

Vehicular Characteristics
Traffic Studies
Solved Examples
Assignment
Answer Keys
Explanations
Traffic Signs And Signals Design
Traffic Signs
Traffic Signals
Various Methods for Finding out the Cycle
Solved Examples
Assignment
Answer Keys
Explanations
1
23
35
68
8
9
10-11
12
12 13
14
14 16
16 18
18 21
22 24
25 29
30 35
36
36 41
42 64
42
42 43
43 52
53 60
61 62
63
63 64
65 78
65 67
67 69
69 70
71 75
76 77
78
78
THE GATE ACADEMY PVT.LTD. H.O.: #74, Keshava Krupa (third Floor), 30th Cross, 10th Main, Jayanagar 4th Block, Bangalore-11
Page I
Contents
#5.
#6.
#7.
Intersection Design
79 91
Testing And Specification of Paving Materials
92 117
Introduction
Classification of Intersection
Assignment
Answer Keys
Explanations
Subgrade Soil
Stone Aggregates
Bituminous Material
Solved Examples
Assignment
Answer Keys
Explanations
Design Of Rigid Flexible Pavements

Desgin of Rigid Flexible Pavement
CBR Method
Design of Rigid Pavements
Solved Examples
Assignment
Answer Keys
Explanations
Surveying
79
79 86
87 90
91
91
92 98
98 100
100 107
108 112
113 115
116
116 117
118 - 148
118
118 122
123 132
133 144
145 146
147
147 148
#8.
Introduction
Glossary
Classification Based on Nature of Survey
Choice of Scale of Map
Assignment
Answer Keys
Explanations
149 - 156
149 150
150 151
151 152
153 154
155
155 - 156
#9.
Measurement of Distance & Direction

Instruments for Chaining
Measurements of Direction Compass Surveying
Variations in Declination
Solved Examples
Assignment
Answer Keys
Explanations
157 - 175
157 162
162 166
167
168 - 171
172 - 173
174
174 - 175
Page II
Contents
#10.
#11.
#12.
Theodolite & Traversing

Theodolite
Essentials of Transit Theodolite
Glossary Associated with Theodolite
Measurement of Horizontal Angles
Travese Computation
Solved Examples
Assignment
Answer Keys
Explanations
176 - 189
176
176 - 177
177
178
178 182
183 - 185
186 - 187
188
188 189
Plane Table Surveying & Tacheometric Corrections

Plane Table
Instruments for Plane table Surveying
Tacheometric Surveying
Distance and Elevation Formula for Horizontal Sights
Assignment
Answer keys
Explanations
205 - 213
205
205 207
207 - 208
208 211
212
213
213
Leveling
Glossary
Method of Leveling
Leveling Instruments
Special Methods of Sprit Leveling
Recording & Reduction of Levels
Characteristics of Contours
Solved Examples
Assignment
Answer Keys
Explanations
Module Test 1 - Transportation Engineering.
Test Questions
Answer Keys
Explanations
Module Test 2 Surveying
Test Questions
Answer Keys
Explanations
Reference Books
190 204
190 191
191 192
192
192 194
194 197
197 198
199 - 202
203
204
204
214 226
214 220
221
221 - 226
227 - 235
227 232
233
233 - 235
236
Page III
Chapter 1
CHAPTER 1
Theory of traffic Flow & Highway Capacity
Order of Road Development
1. ROMAN ROADS
Roman started 1st time construction of roads in large scale In 312 BC they constructed
Appian Way length over 580 km.
Main Features of Roman roads are:
(i) They are straight regardless of gradients.
(ii) Total thickness was as high as 0.75 to 1.2 meters.
(iii) The wearing course consists dressed large stone blocks set in lime mortar.
2. Tresaguet Construction
Pierre tresaguet development roads in France during 1764 A.D.
Main Features are:
(i) Thickness was of the order of 30cm
(ii) Consideration was given to subgrade moisture and drainage of surface water.
(iii) The top wearing surface was made up of smaller slope having a cross slope of 1 in
45 to the surface to provide surface drainage.
3. Metcalf Construction (1717 1810)
John Metcalfe was working in England and he followed the instruction of Robert Phillip.
4. Telford Construction:
His work started in early 19th century.
Main features are:
(i) He provided level subgrade of width 9 meters.
(ii) A binding layer of wearing course 4 cm thick was provided with cross slope of 1 in
45.
(iii) Thickness of foundation stone varied from 17cm at edge to 22cm at the centre.
5. Macadam Construction:
1815 onward he started in England but his new concept came in 1827. This was the 1st
method based on scientific thinking.
Main features are:
(i) Macadam was first person who suggested that heavy foundation stones are not at all
required to be placed at the bottom layer. He provided stones of size less than 5mm
to a uniform thickness of 10cm.
(ii) The importance to subgrade drainage and compaction was given so the subgrade
drainage and compaction was given so the subgrade was compacted and prepared
and prepared with cross slope of 1 in 36.
(iii) The pavement surface was also given the cross slope in 1 in 36.
(iv)Total thickness was kept uniform from edge to centre to a minimum value of 25 cm.
6. Water bound Macadam (W.B.M)
In this method the broken stones of the base course and surface course are bound by the
stone dust in the presence of moisture.
Page 1
Chapter 1
Modern Road Development In India
British government passed a resolution in 1927 in response to which jaykar committee was
constituted in 1927
Jay kar committee proposed that an extra tax should be levied on petrol
Recommendation made by Jayakar Committee
1. The road development in the country should be considered as a national interest as this
has become beyond the capacity of provincial governments and local bodies.
2. An extra tax should be levied on petrol from the road users to develop a road
development fund called central Road fund.
3. A semi-official technical body should be formed to pool technical knowhow from various
parts of the country and to act as an advisory body on various aspects of the roads.
4. A research organization should be instituted to carry out research and development
work.
Most of the recommendation made by jaykar committee was accepted and following
steps were taken.
1. The central Road fund was formed in 1929
2. A semi official technical body known as Indian road congress (IRC) was formed.
3. In 1939 Motor vehicle Act was started 2 in 1950 CRRI (Central Road Research Institute)
was started.
Other Measures Taken Are
4. National Highway Act was brought in 1956.
5. Highway Research Board was setup in 1973.
6. National Transport policy committee in 1978.
7. IRC has played important role in the formulation of the last three 20years road
development plane in India.
1. First 20 years Road Plan (Nagpur Road Plan) [1943-63] Features

(i) The Nagpur road formula were prepared on basics of Star and grid Pattern
(ii) The total road length of 5,32,700 Km with a density of 16 Km of road length per 100Km2 area would be available by 1963.
(iii) All the roads were classified into 5 categories
a) NH
b) SH
c) MPR
d) ODR
e) VR
(iv)The length of the railway tracks in the area was considered with the road length.
Hence net road length is called by subtracting length of railway tracks from the
length of metaled road.
Result: Through the total achievement was higher than the targeted value, but the
lengths of NH and SH achieved were lesser than the plan targets.
2. Second 20 years road plan (Bombay Road Plan) [1961-1981]
(i) At the end of plan, the target road length aimed was 32Km per square Km area.
(ii) Maximum distance of any place in a developed or agricultural area would be 6.4Km
from a metalled road and 2.4 km from any category of moads.
(iii) Every town with a population above 2000 in plains and above 1000 in semi-hill
areas should be connected by metalled road.
(iv)1600 Km Express ways have been considered in this plan within proposed target of
NH.
Page 2
Chapter 1
(v) Length of railway track is considered independent of the road system and hence it is
not subtracted to get the road length.
(vi)A development factor of 5% is provided for future development.
Result
The total achievement was higher that targeted but NH and SH were constructed
lesser than targeted.
It should be noted than allowance for development of agriculture and industry
during the next 20 years was made in Nagpur.
3. Third 20 years Road Plan (Lucknow Road Plan) [1981-2001]

(i) Roads are classified in to primary, secondary and territory road systems.
(ii) All villages with over 500 populations should be connected by all-weather roads.
(iii) The overall road density was targeted as 82 Km per 100 square Km area.
(iv)The NH network should be expanded to form square grids of 100 Km sides.
(v) Express way should be constructed along major traffic corridors to provide fast
travels.
(vi)There should be improvement in environment quality and road safety.
A. Primary Road System (According to Third Plan)
(a) Express way of total length 2000 Km.
(b) NH based on the concept of 100 Km square grids 100+200=300Km of NH length are
provided per 100 x 100 = 10000 square Km area.
B. Secondary Road System
This includes
1. SH (State highways)
2. MDR(Major district roads)

3.
(a) Length of SH in Km =
2
25
Or
(b) Length of SH in Km
= 625 x no. of towns in state length of NH
4.
(a) Length of MDR in Km
(2 )
12.5
(b) Length of MDR in Km = 90 x no. of towns in state.
C. Territory Road system

This includes
(i) ODR (Other District Road)
(ii) VR (Village Roads)
Classification of Roads
a. Classification of rural Roads

The Roads are classified on the following basis
(a) Traffic volume Heavy, medium or light
(b) Load transport- Class A , Class B
(c) Location and junction.
Nagpur Road plan classified roads on following 5 categories based on location and junction.
1. NH
2. S.H
3. MDR
Page 3
Chapter 1
4. VR
Modified classification is proposed by third plan as discussed
b. Classification Urban roads

The Length of the Urban roads are not included in the target of third twenty year plan
(1901-2001) The urban roads are classified as
1. Arterial roads
2. Sub-arterial roads
3. Collectors streets
4. Local streets
Road Patterns
a. Rectangular or block pattern
b. Radial or star and block pattern
c. Radial or star and circular pattern
d. Radial or star and guide
e. Heragonal pattern
f. Minimum travel pattern.
Page 4

GATE Transportation Engineering &amp; Surveying Book

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

GATE Transportation Engineering &amp; Surveying Book

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

Syllabus for Transportation Engineering

Analysis of GATE Papers

1Syllabus for Surveying

Importance of surveying, principles and classifications, Mapping concepts, coordinate system,

Analysis of GATE Papers

Transportation & Surveying

Theory of Traffic Flow and Highway Capacity

Geometric Design Of Highway

Order of Road Development

Road User Characteristics

Traffic Signs And Signals Design

Transportation & Surveying

Testing And Specification of Paving Materials

Design Of Rigid Flexible Pavements

Measurement of Distance & Direction

Transportation & Surveying

Theodolite & Traversing

Plane Table Surveying & Tacheometric Corrections

Module Test 1 - Transportation Engineering.

Module Test 2 Surveying

Theory of traffic Flow & Highway Capacity

Order of Road Development

Modern Road Development In India

1. First 20 years Road Plan (Nagpur Road Plan) [1943-63] Features

3. Third 20 years Road Plan (Lucknow Road Plan) [1981-2001]

C. Territory Road system

a. Classification of rural Roads

b. Classification Urban roads

You might also like

GATE Transportation Engineering & Surveying Book

GATE Transportation Engineering & Surveying Book