o to chnh sa trong vit vn bn ting anh

Chnh sa mt cch chnh xc

a ra cc ng t c ngha mnh
(Create strong verbs)
Kha Thi c
i hc Y Dc TP H Ch Minh Gim c trung tm vit bo
khoa hc bng ting Anh

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw

Tiu s c nhn
Kha Thi c (Ted Knoy) dy vit ting Anh k
thut trong cc trng i hc i Loan hn hai
mi nm. ng l tc gi ca mi bn cun sch
v vit ting Anh k thut v chuyn nghip. ng
thnh lp mt trung tm vit ting Anh ti trng i
hc Y Yunpei ng thi cng l ging vin ton thi
gian ti trng. ng chnh sa trn 55,000 bi vit
cho vic ng bo nghin cu khoa hc t nm
1989. ng l cng nh bin tp ting anh cho mt s
tp ch v khoa hc, k thut v y hc ca i Loan.

Chnh sa mt cch chnh xc

(Editing for conciseness)
Cc chuyn gia thng rt bn rn khng
c thi gian c ti liu bo co di, do
vy rt nhiu cc bi bo k thut thng b
t chi hoc tr hon, bi v h khng c
kh nng th hin tt tng bi vit mt
cch ngn gn.

a ra cc ng t c ngha mnh
(Create strong verbs)
S dng ng t lm cho tng cu r rng
hn v hiu sut, mt s ng t khng c hiu
qu gii thch hnh ng ca s ng t chng
hn nh "is, are, was, were, has, give, make,
come", cng nh "take" l nhng v d thuc v
th loi ny.
Tc gi nn s dng ng t mnh m ch
mt
hnh
vi
r
rng.

www.chineseowl.idv.tw/html/Exercise/ex12.htm

V d
Nguyn mu
In China, droughts influences on irrigation, industry and daily use are gradually
raised about due to the higher uncertainty in precipitation season and glacier
recessions. The Himalayas system, encompassing about 12, 000 km3 of
freshwater, feeding the Asias seven major rivers, are responsible for 2.4 billions
of populations livelihood.

Sa i
Droughts in China have increasingly influenced irrigation, industry and daily
water consumption owing to a high degree of uncertainty during the
precipitation season and glacier recessions. Encompassing approximately
12,000 km3 of freshwater, the Himalayan system, i.e. the primary source for
Asias seven major rivers, provides the livelihoods of 2.4 billion of the global
population.

V d
Nguyn mu
Directors of admissions in hospitals must become better to their
service and product in the industry. They must do so by
understanding what the customer want and how to do can success
by us. Therefore, developing market strategies is important.

Sa i
Directors of hospital admissions must enhance the quality of offered
products and services in the medical sector by understanding
customer preferences, necessitating the importance of developing
effective marketing strategies.

V d
Nguyn mu
So far, there is little popularity using e-learning system in Taiwan,
therefore, the chance for a person to learn and test himself
decreasing. It is no way to gain more learning opportunities to
achieve the goal he wishes.

Sa i
With e-learning in its infancy in Taiwan, individuals lack ample
opportunities to pursue an education online. This lack of
learning opportunities makes it difficult for individuals to fully
realize their educational goals.

V d
Nguyn mu
The traditional transistor isolation technique is used
LOCUS (local oxidation of silicon) technique. However,
LOCOS will result in Birds Beak effect and the shallow
depth of formed FOX (field oxide).

Sa i
The conventional transistor isolation method of local
oxidation of silicon (LOCOS) incurs the Birds Beak effect
and a shallow depth of formed field oxide (FOX).

V d
Nguyn mu
Besides the advantage mentioned above, the customized
software program is very friendly. The customized software
program can avert personnel errors and very easy to operate.
The proposed customized software program can create each
report when you request and very shortly to finish it.

Sa i
In addition to the above merit, the user friendly and customized
software program can avert personnel errors, simplify operations
and create requested reports efficiently.

V d
Nguyn mu
If the present rate is maintained, Himalayan glaciers are likely to shrink by
100,000 m2 by the year 2035. According to Qin (2009), this will bring
drought to north India and intensify floods in southern China and droughts
in the north. From this point, it is learned that billions of peoples lives are
at jeopardy for the water deficiency at present and in the future.
Sa i
Under the current rate, by 2035, Himalayan glaciers will likely shrink by
100,000 km2. Qin (2009) posits that such a dilemma will not only bring
drought to northern India, but also intensify floods in the south and
droughts in the north of China. From the above finding, we can infer that
current and future water shortages will jeopardize the livelihoods of billions
of people.

V d
Nguyn mu
Shanghai, possessing the worlds largest public transport system
network and longest public transport system mileage, could be
viewed as the representative location for a more holistic
investigation on Chinas urban area passenger transportation
system.
Sa i
With the largest public transportation system infrastructure
globally in terms of square miles, Shanghai represents the ideal
location for investigating holistically the passenger transportation
system in urban China.

V d
Nguyn mu
The reducing weight of the fighter plane is our quite important topic. In a
situation that the engine power cant be improved, the problem should be
solved of a fighter plane at present is how to lighten the weight of the
fuselage. Though many high performance materials are available, the
strength and light material is not easy to obtain for fuselage demands.

Sa i
The defense sector heavily emphasizes reducing the weight of fighter
planes. Increasing the engine power of such planes heavily depends on
the ability to lighten the fuselage weight. Despite the availability of many
high-performance materials, a high endurance yet light material is
extremely difficult to obtain when complying with fuselage requirements.

V d
Nguyn mu
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2007) argued the urge
to lower the atmospheric CO2 levels since that atmospheric CO2 stands as
the most essential element of greenhouse gases (GHG), which are
responsible for todays global warming. According to Pew Centers online
announcement, the historical atmospheric CO2 levels data are closely
related with the historical average global surface temperature fluctuations.
Sa i
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2007) prioritized
the lowering of atmospheric CO2 levels, which are largely responsible for
global warming, as they represent the most essential element of
greenhouse gases (GHG). The Pew Center announced online recently that
historical atmospheric CO2 levels closely correspond to fluctuations in the
historical average global surface temperature.

V d
Nguyn mu
It is not often in scope of hospitals about the medical waste disposal
firms. According to Department of Environmental, the environmental
protection service trade to investigate result to point out, the medical
waste disposal firms add up to 456 household up to the end of 2000,
but its firms is not big in scale, to cause industry firm is limited to
economic scale, so the service offered is very different.
Sa i
The scope of services that medical waste disposal firms provide does
not always match the needs of individual hospitals. According to the
Environmental Protection Administration of the Republic of China,
although 456 medical waste disposal firms were operating by the end of
2000, their small-scale size limited its scope of services in handling
certain wastes.

V d
Nguyn mu
Web Service is a key application on the Internet. Many business
or services are provided over internet is using web server. A few
standards of web functionality has been clearly defined so web
client and server software can operating well among different
vendors.
Sa i
Many commercial services that are provided online depend on a
reliable web server for daily operations. Web client and server
software can operate well among different vendors owing to
clearly defined standards of web functionality.

V d
Nguyn mu
Magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) possesses many attractive
advantages, such as self-sharpening, self-adaptability and
self-controllability, therefore, MAF can remove the
deteriorated layers and micro cracks from the workpiece, and
obtaining the mirror-like surface easily.
Sa i
Among the several advantages of magnetic abrasive finishing
(MAF) include its self-sharpening, self-adaptability and selfcontrollability capabilities, enabling it to remove deteriorated
layers and micro cracks from a work piece and easily obtain a
mirror-like surface.

V d
Nguyn mu
Through public transportation policy implementation, the
public transport passenger volume distribution should be
managed for controlling the COS emission of public
transportation owing to the ever-increasing public
transportation passenger volume in Shanghai.
Sa i
Effectively implementing public transportation policy should
ensure that passenger volume distribution alleviates the
CO2 emissions incurred from public transportation,
especially given the increasing passenger load in Shanghai.

V d
Nguyn mu
The general solution for leakage current problem after device
shrink is reduction gate oxide thickness to improve the gate control
ability when gate at OFF stage. However, gate oxide reduction will
enhance GIDL leakage increase. It will cause total leakage current
cant suppressed after device shrink.
Sa i
Resolving leakage current-related problems following device
miniaturization depends on the ability to reduce gate oxide
thickness in order to control the gate when it is in the OFF stage.
However, reducing the gate oxide further exacerbates GIDL
leakage, making it impossible to suppress the total leakage current
following device miniaturization.

V d
Nguyn mu
On Dec. 31, 2009, Shanghai metros ridership had peaked
at 5.27 million per day as a break-through record for the
year of 2009. As the number of urban travelers increases,
the reliance of public transportation also increases.
Sa i
Passenger volume of the Shanghai metropolitan
transportation system peaked at 5,270,000 on December
31, 2009. The growing number of urban passengers has
also increased reliance on the public transportation
infrastructure.

V d
Nguyn mu
To control the GHG emissions and air pollutant
emissions for the ever-increasing urban transportation
demand, the urban transport policy will put more stress
on stimulating the demand for rail transportation system.
Sa i
Alleviating GHG emissions and air pollutant emissions
while complying with increasing urban transportation
requirements necessitate that urban transportation policy
more heavily stressing how to stimulate passenger
demand for the rail transportation system.

V d
Nguyn mu
If the weight of the fuselage unable to lighten more than 10%, that
will influence the installs the ammunition and endurance of the
fighter plane. The inability to adopt the traditional material to solve
the problem that the plane fuselage is reduced weight, because
unable to find a kind of light and strong material to reach this
demand at present.
Sa i
Failing to lighten the fuselage weight by more than 10 adversely
impacts installation of the ammunition and endurance of a fighter
plane. The inability to adopt conventionally adopted materials to
reduce plane fuselage weight makes it impossible to identify a light
and enduring material.

V d
Nguyn mu
There are several combinations of transport modes for connection between
Pudong international airport and Hongqiao airport; since the public
transport systems are widely promoted by Chinese government for the
environmental concerns, this research will evaluate the atmospheric CO2
emission of the urban public transport system, by assessing the CO2
emission from bus system and metro system, and rental cars which travel
between the two airports.
Sa i
Several combinations of transportation modes link Pudong International
Airport and Hongqiao Domestic Airport. As the Chinese government has
widely promoted public transportation systems for environmental concerns,
this work evaluates the atmospheric CO2 emissions of the Shanghai public
transportation system, including bus and metro subway systems, as well as
rental cars traveling between the two airports.

V d
Nguyn mu
We must export the data from the read-made software to
do the reports those are require from other department and
urgent event. So we must put extra man power to finish the
work and will delay other work or we must need our people
work overtime to finish the work.
Sa i
The customized software incorporates data into reports, as
accumulated from other departments and urgent
circumstances. Additional personnel must therefore be
allotted to complete a specific task, subsequently delaying
other tasks or forcing employees to work overtime.

V d
Nguyn mu
In the LCD industry, design houses are focus on producing fine
pitch ICs. Fine pitch ICs will be the challenge to package and panel
manufacturers, especially in the bumping process. Bumping houses
need to overcome the residue issue in bumps and the process
window limiting such as photo, etching, and inspection.
Sa i
Design houses in the LCD sector manufacture fine pitch ICs, posing
a major challenge to IC packaging and display panel manufacturers,
especially in the bumping process. Bumping manufactories must
overcome the residue in bumps and process window limitations
such as in photo degradation, etching and inspection.

V d
Nguyn mu
The requirement of quakeproof design in the contracts is that truss structures
shall stand the seismic force of 0.7g along horizontal and vertical directions,
respectively. The requirement much emphasizes the strength of truss structure.
The requirement of aseismic design is not really clear. Furthermore, no
regulations about the safety factor of aseismic design are found in Chinese
National Standards. Besides, we have not experience on related aseismic design
before.
Sa i
Quakeproof design in related contracts requires that truss structures withstand a
seismic force of 0.7g in horizontal and vertical directions, i.e. a requirement that
heavily emphasizes truss structural strength. The inability to standardize aseismic
design requirements explains the lack of both regulations governing the safety
factors of aseismic design in Chinese National Standards and experience island
wide with aseismic design.

V d
Nguyn mu
LCD driver devices are very sensitive, any polluted
material around bumps will incur the shortage issue.
Thus, the yield will be required a lot to make the
quality by IC design houses.
Sa i
Given the extreme sensitivity of LCD driver devices,
polluted material around the bumps incurs defective
product and subsequent shortage, necessitating a
significant yield to ensure quality in IC design houses.

V d
Nguyn mu
8 inch fab is foundry factor and the benefit from customers order
amount. Solving customers problem is important segment. Based on
the above, customers will request integrate to supply method to improve
product low yield. But customers dont understand fab process clearly, it
almost waste a lot of time to cumulate each other.
Sa i
8 inch wafer fab foundries heavily focus on increasing customer orders
by complying with their requirements as much as possible. Despite
customer requests to integrate supply methods to increase product
yield, their lack of understanding of the wafer fab process leads to much
time spent in consulting with them and complying with their requests.

V d
Nguyn mu
Consider that a wafer product has yield < 90%. To keep yield at high
level integrate have to provide electric, inline data and doubtful tool,
further bring up solving method and complete schedule. If customers
question not be solved or request not be satisfied, they will throw
order amount to other factory, it will decrease customers income.
Sa i
For instance, a wafer product with a yield lower than 90% requires a
high level of integration to provide electricity, inline data and
potentially faulty tool inspection in order to avoid schedule delays.
The inability to resolve customer concerns or comply with their
requests satisfactorily jeopardizes their loyalty and ultimately lowers
their profits.

V d
Nguyn mu
Nowadays, the life span of consumer electronics products is decreasing
due change of customers consuming configuration. Therefore,
continuing to improvements of the existing products is indispensable,
including shortcoming improvement, insertion of new technology and
improvement to manufacturing process, in order to improve the
competitiveness of products and lengthen products life span.
Sa i
Consumer electronics products have an increasingly shorter life time
given fluctuating changes in consumer preferences, necessitating
continuous improvements in areas such as abating current limitations,
incorporating advanced manufacturing technologies to increase market
competitiveness and lengthening product lifetime.

V d
Nguyn mu
Once the products have demand of the modification,
causing the spare parts will change, lead to the fact the
subsequent spare part is purchased and relevant
production cost, products quality and reliability of products
are influenced.
Sa i
Consumer demand for modification of products involves
changing spare parts more frequently, subsequently
impacting purchases, production costs, as well as product
quality and reliability.

V d
Nguyn mu
The traditional part supplier selection method is only
focused on the cost fact, although the relevant cost of the
products after causing the modification have apparent
reducing, quality and reliability of the products make
customers unable to accept.
Sa i
The conventional part supplier selection method focuses
only on the cost factor despite apparently decreasing
modified product costs, leading to unacceptably lower
product quality and reliability.

V d
Nguyn mu
The products after the modification are unable to
form enough competitiveness on the cost, quality,
reliability and the manufacturing company will be
unable to survive.
Sa i
The market for modified products lacks
competitiveness in terms of costs, quality, and
reliability, ultimately threatening the corporate
survival of manufacturers.

V d
Nguyn mu
Having higher levels of DDP (Due Date Performance) is a primary objective
for those companies involved in multi-project environments. Despite of
numerous academic research papers on improving DDP have bee
published and business also employs numerous improvement approaches
developed by industrial practitioners including Lean, Six Sigma, product
data management system (PDM), and theory of constraints, low level of
DDP is still a major issue in a multi-project environment.
Sa i
Companies involved in a multi-project environment highly prioritize
achieving high levels of due date performance (DDP). Despite numerous
attempts to enhance DDP and numerous improvement approaches
developed by industrial practitioners, e.g., Lean, Six Sigma, product data
management system (PDM), and theory of constraints, a multi-project
environment highly prioritizes a low level of DDP.

V d
Nguyn mu
Blame excessive uncertainty for achieving difficult high due date
performance (DDP) in management multi-projects by most of
project managers and engineers. Manage difficulty in multi-projects
to achieve high DDP, ninety percent of reasons been surveyed can
be summarized as excessive uncertainty.
Sa i
Most project managers and engineers cite excessive uncertainty
as an obstacle to achieving a high due date performance (DDP) in
management of multi-projects. With respect to managing multiprojects to achieve a high DDP, excessive uncertainty accounts for
90% of all related difficulties.

V d
Nguyn mu
Although reduce fuel energy changed to electricity energy sources
to reduce the ecological damage to the environment has become a
world trend, but the use of electric power in Taiwan is far behind the
Kyoto Protocol specification, or some advanced countries in Europe
and the United States.
Sa i
Despite global efforts to reduce the transformation of fuel energy
into electricity-based energy sources in order to reduce ecological
damage, electric power use in Taiwan lags behind that in the Kyoto
Protocol, as well as in advanced European countries and the United
States.

V d
Nguyn mu
The inability to know in advance product expiring to prepare for
early treatment. But for the prevention of correction for more than
the original predetermined criteria to increase the safety factor
and the number of spare parts, which makes surplus of product
quality and spares parts inventory raised, that causes
manufacturing costs increased.
Sa i
The inability to determine in advance product expiration makes it
impossible to devise an original predetermined criterion in order
to increase the number of safety factors and spare parts,
subsequently increasing the surplus of product quality and spares
parts inventory and ultimately raising manufacturing costs.

V d
Nguyn mu
Traditionally, to guarantee the quality of LED, the packaging factory is used
to relying on human inspectors. LEDs produce diversity type of defects
containing surface stains, wrong coating, foreign marks and contour defects
in the manufacturing process, while it will destroy the whole packaging
ribbon if anyone is wrong polar orientation or over turn in the packaging
process.
Sa i
In practice, ensuring LED quality necessitates that the packaging factory
depends on human inspectors. LEDs produce diverse defects involving
surface stains, wrong coatings, foreign marks and contour defects during
manufacturing, subsequently destroying the entire packaging ribbon in case
of an erroneous polar orientation or a turnover during the packaging
process.

V d
Nguyn mu
As supply chain of LED manufacturers face competition
from raw wafers to packaging, a greater emphasis for
packaging factory is being placed on responsiveness to
downstream vendors.
Sa i
As the supply chain of LED manufacturers competes
with producers of raw wafers to packaging, packaging
factories must increasingly respond to downstream
vendors.

V d
Nguyn mu
Results of this study provide a demonstration in manufacturing cost
reduction by using of early-warning model for the power failure
crisis, get further with providing more accurate reliability
specifications for higher products reliability, to effectively solve the
problems of product quality surplus and parts inventory excess.
Sa i
Results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed
early-warning model in reducing manufacturing costs during a
power failure crisis, subsequently achieving accurate reliability
specifications to enhance enhanced product reliability and resolve
problems involving a surplus in product quality and excess of parts
inventory.

V d
Nguyn mu
Although merger is one of the strategies for the company which is
goingto expand, the long term result can have far reaching
influence like R&D capability enhancement or destruction. The
merger can also help or harm the whole industry, and even the
general public, because of the close relation between drugs and
public health.
Sa i
Although a merger represents an effective strategy for company
expansion, the long term outcome can either enhance or inhibit
R&D capabilities of the entire industry, as well as the general
public since pharmaceuticals and public health are closely related.

V d
Nguyn mu
To foster its competitiveness, cosmetic companies must put
more funds and manpower to study the products which
have better qualities, extractive ingredients, no side effect
and exquisite package.
Sa i
Fostering market competitiveness depends on the ability of
cosmetic companies to more heavily invest capital and
personnel in exploring the use of products with added
benefits, extractive ingredients, no adverse impacts and
exquisite packaging.

V d
Nguyn mu
However, when traditional technologies were transferred into
new tools, some of the process and tools were different than
traditional one. Therefore, it would induced electrical test
couldnt on target, lower yield and even couldnt sensor RGB
three colors.
Sa i
However, incorporating conventional technologies into new
tools makes it infeasible to reach targeted goals for electrical
testing and achieve a satisfactory wafer yield and sensor with
respect to the three colors of RGB owing to differences in
processes and tools.

V d
Nguyn mu
There are two kinds of processes to handle the batch
scheduling problem. One is doing the batching strategy first
and deciding the sequence of the batch next. The other is
determining the sequence of jobs first and batching the
sequence next.
Sa i
The batch scheduling problem can be solved either by
implementing the batching strategy and then determining
the batch sequence or determining the sequence of jobs
and then batching the sequence.

V d
Nguyn mu
There are two directions needed to do in future research. One
is testing the more simulation scenarios for medium and large
jobs to ensure the stable ability of this ILS algorithm. Next is
to compare some of the more methods to demonstrate the
effectiveness of this ILS algorithm.
Sa i
Two areas of research warrant future study: further simulating
medium- and large-sized jobs to ensure the stability of the
proposed ILS algorithm and comparing additional methods to
demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ILS algorithm.

V d
Nguyn mu
To meet the higher assembly temperature, it will be a serious
costs impact of electrical components without using halogen
flame retardants, or even no alternative materials for this request.
Sa i
Withstanding a higher assembly temperature significantly
increases costs of electrical components when not using halogen
flame retardants, especially with no alternative materials currently
available.

V d
Nguyn mu
The customer feedback the quality and on time
delivery problem to our company from last Friday, and
ask us for improvement plan by this Friday.
Sa i
Feedback received last Friday from a customer on
problems involving product quality and on time
delivery led to a request for our company to submit a
modified strategy within a week.

V d
Nguyn mu
Since the lack of an effective proposal for
demand from consumer will lead to no in
time responses.
Sa i
The lack of an effective proposal to respond
effectively to consumer demand will
decrease productivity.

V d
Nguyn mu
Owing to the credit card is popularized in Taiwan, the banking
institutions have the completed customers data, and how to
analyze the customers data to optimize the marketing
management will be critical for banking survival in the future.

Sa i
The increasing popularity of credit card use in Taiwan has enabled
banking institutions not only to acquire extensive customer data,
but also to analyze such data to optimize marketing management
practices, which is essential for corporate survival.

V d
Nguyn mu
A digital receiver adopting the method proposed here
or apparatuses on carrier recovery has a better
tracking performance and is competitive to other
products in the same field.
Sa i
A digital receiver adopting the proposed method
during carrier recovery can perform better in terms of
tracking than conventional models, thus making
products more competitive.

V d
Nguyn mu
Automatic Optical Inspection systems (AOI) are the methods for inspecting layers
of printed circuit boards during manufacturing production. By scanning PCB
panels into the system, AOI can perform a detection of defects and even mark
thee defects directly on the panel. However, existing automatic optical inspection
(AOI) systems have been proved unreliable due to inevitable human errors as
their efficiencies in detecting patterns defects of printed circuit boards, especially
when circuit becomes finer and pattern inspection by humans take a great deal of
time.
Sa i
Automatic optical inspection systems (AOIs) inspect layers of printed circuit
boards during manufacturing. By scanning PCB panels into the system, AOI can
detect defects and mark them directly on the panel. However, current AOIs lack
the ability to detect pattern defects of printed circuit boards efficiently, especially
with the increasing shrinking size of circuits and errors caused in pattern
inspection manually owing to the considerable amount of time involved.

V d
Nguyn mu
Via the comparison results of the peak value of von Mises stress on
the BGA tin balls, we found that the optimal design of the PCB with
BGA tin balls is using the under-fill glue material. This solution is really
effective to strengthen the entire structure of PCB with BGA tin balls.
But the side effect is that it will raise the material cost and
maintenance cost for a special machine.
Sa i
Comparing the results of the peak value of von Mises stress on the
BGA tin balls reveals that the optimal design of the PCB with BGA tin
balls uses the under-fill glue material. Despite strengthening the entire
structure of PCB with BGA tin balls effectively, this solution raises
material costs and maintenance costs for a customized machine.

Ti liu tham kho

Knoy, T (1999) Editing Workbook for
Chinese Technical Writers. Taipei: Yang
Chih Publishing
www.chineseowl.idv.tw/html/b4.htm
Knoy, T (2000) Advanced Copyediting
Practice for Chinese Technical Writers.
Taipei: Yang Chih Publishing
www.chineseowl.idv.tw/html/b5.htm

Further details can be found at

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw