Formula Sheet Thermodynamics

w = distance opposing force

w = h (pex A) = pex hA
Work done on system = pex V
V change in volume (Vf Vi)
Work done by system = -pex V
Since U is decreased

U = q+w
Bomb Calorimeter
Hrxn= mc Th20 in calorimeter +C T calorimeter
Q=mc T

U
CV

T V
U CV T qV

Kinetic energy = mv

(KE) k T (thermal energy) where k =

Boltzmann
constant
Potential energy (PE) = mgh energy stored
in bonds
U = KE + PE
w = force distance moved in direction of force
-2

2 -2

i.e. w = mg h = kg m s m = kg m s
(m) (g)
(h)
2 -2

1 kg m s = 1 Joule

Gas constant, How to Derive it:

Derivation of Gas Constant, R:

GO BACK

Choose any gas:

1 mole of Argon = 39.948 g Ar = 22.4 L Ar @ STP
STP = Standard temperature (0oC or 273 K) & Standard Pressure = 1
atmosphere
Assume the gas acts ideally. Then PV = nRT

Solve for R:

Substitute into equation:

Solve: R = 0.0821 atm L / mol K
If R is needed in units of pressure (kPa):

= 8.314 kPa L / mol K

If R is needed in units of pressure (mm Hg)
= 62.396 mm Hg L / mol K
I would suggest always using the value of 0.0821 atm L / mol K for R.
You must be sure the pressure you calculate with in the problem is ALWAYS in
atmosphere if using the value
R = 0.0821 atm L / mol K.
R = 0.0821 atm L / mol K
8.314 kPa L / mol K
62.396 mm Hg L / mol K