.. ( ), ..

()

1. 1
1.1.
[ 1998, 2004; Hopper, Thompson 1980; Hale, Keyser
2002; Levin, Rappaport Hovav 1998; Ackerman, Moore 2001]
, ,
. , (, ,
, .) ,
(, ; , , .).
. , ( ) , , , , (
, , , , ).
.
.
1.2.
, [ 2000: 208219], , . ,
, , , .
.
.
() ,
,
. .. [op. cit.] .. [ 1998: 167,
186191] .
, , , , , ,
. ,
, ,
(). , , ( ,
, . [ 1998]), , , , ; , , . : ,
( ) -

.. .
2004 2005 . 2004
04-04-18008,
- .

2
, .
,
, , (. [Testelec
1998]), () : , , , . [Grimshaw 1990; Hale, Keyser 2002].
- , ,
, (. [Cooreman 1994]) , ,
, , ,
, / . .
[Dixon 1972: 65]:
(1) a. balan ugumbil
bagul
yaa-gu
balga-n.
ART.ABS

(2)
u.

.ABS

ART.ERG

.
b. bayi
yaa
ART.ABS

.ABS

ART.DAT

-ERG

-PRS

ugumbi-u

bagun
-DAT

balgal-a-

-AP-PRS

.
[ . 2000: 342, 270]:
(3) a. tE-la{u-n
Epapa.
1SG.A--3SG.P

(4)

.
b. Enin
EnpEav

.ABS

.ABS

qiwwa

ina-lE{u-tkEn.
(3SG.S)AP--IPF

.
(1) , ,
; (2) -ina- ( ) . , ,
, .
:
(5) X Pintr (Y) X Ptr Y.
, , ( ) ,
, , ,
: ,
, .
(., ,
, ). ,
,
. , , .
2.
,
, , ( -

3
, . [, 1966; 1971]). : ,
, , ; , , (. -r) ( , . -m)2. ,
, ; , ,
(. -Be), , .
, ( , )
, , ,
( , ) , , , . ,
, , , . , .
, -E -e (, txEE-n ~ txee-n )3,4.
-E , - 5. -E - , ,
, (., , [ 1971: 7; 1974; 1981: . 5; 1989: 138147; Hewitt 1980]).
. ,
:
1) : , :
(6) a. Bale-m
pjEsme-r
je-txE.
-ERG

(7)

-ABS

(3SG.P)3SG.A -

.
b. Bale-r
ma-txe.
-ABS

3SG.S-.AP

.
, , , .. , :
(8) a. he-m
lE-r
je-SxE.
-ERG

(9)

-ABS

.
b. he-r
lE-Be
-ABS

-INS

(3SG.P)3SG.A-

ma-Sxe.
3SG.S-.AP

, .
-n.
4
-e
-e. , , , () ,
() () .
5
,
, . [ 1981: 250255].
3

4
.
2) : , :
(10) a. c&EfE-m
txELE-r
E-GE-R.
-ERG

(11)

-ABS

3SG.A/3SG.P--PST

.
b. c&EfE-r
txELE-m je-Ga-R.
-ABS

-ERG

(3SG.S)3SG.IO-.AP-PST

.
,
( (6b)), , ( (4)) . - ( (5))
:
, .. ,
.
, (4) , ,
. ,
, .
-, (4) ,
: ,
(6), , . (7):

(12)

leZaKWe-xe-r

bere

je-IWe-x.

-PL-ABS

OBL-.AP-PL

.
, , , ; , .
-, , , : , , jEIWEn SxEn . , ,
( ).
, -, , ,
. ,
, () ( [Heath 1976]).
, , ,
/.
. -, , , , .
-, -e -E, - , - .
.
3. -EE -
, , ,
:

5
(1) , : leZen leZEn -,
KWen KWEn - :
(13) a. Bale-r
SkolE-m ma-KWe.
-ABS

(14)

-ERG

.
b. Bale-m
SkolE-m
-ERG

(15)

3SG.S-.AP

-ERG

nese kilometr-jE-tfe

je-KWE.

-INF-(ABS)

(3SG.P)3SG.A-

( ) .
c. Bale-m
metr-jE-Se-r
taqjEq-jE-TWE-Be
qE-CE-R.
-ERG

-INF--ABS

-INF--INS

(3SG.O)INV-(3SG.A)-PST

.
(2) / : pLen jepLEn -.:
(16) a. Bale-r
CEZ-ew
ma-pLe.
-ABS -ADV

3SG.S-.AP

b. Bale-r
se s-je-pLE.
-ERG

1SG.IO-3SG.S-

.
(3) : LeRWEn LeRWen :
(17) a. qWEha-r
se-LeRWE.
-ABS

(18)

(3SG.P)1SG.A-

.
b. CEZE-Be qWEha-r
-INS

-ABS

qe-LaRWe.
(3SG.S)INV-.AP

.
. ,
: , , .
: , ,
- . ,
, , , ,
, ,
6. , , , , , ,
, , , , .
, ,
, , , . ,
-e, -E (., , [ 1981: 229256; 1989: 139, 142]).

., , , .

6
(2), -E -e / ,
, . ,
- , (., , -
); , , . , jepLEn/pLen , [, 1941]
7.
, (3), (2), , ,
(10)
.
,
-E -e : ,
, : KWen
Cen , ,
bEbEn jesEn .
-
: /
-e , -E,
, . , ,
. , ,
(, , )
, :
(i)
, ;
(ii)
: ( )
( ) , . [Grimshaw 1990];
(iii) : ;
(iv)
: , ,
8.
,
: e-
,
(1). jeGen jeIWen
, ,
. -e , . ,

-E -e,
, . [ 1981: 238]
8
, . [Jelinek 1981; Baker 1995],
. , , ,
(. [ 2005]), , .

7
,
(. . 7).
,
(. [ 2004; Letuchiy 2005]): , -
; ,
, . ,
,
.
4. e-
, , : ,
, . ?
GEn/jeGen ( ) vs. txEn/txen ( ).
: ,
. , .
, jeGen , , : . . e-
E-. , , ,
.
,
. (. [Cooreman 1994;
Lazard 1994]), ,
, ( ) . : txen
jeGen .
, ,
, . , : -
( ,
).
jEIWEn/jeIWen
SxEn/Sxen ; ,
. ,
. Sxen , ,
SxEn . , ,
, . (11):

8
(19)

se kWefje je-se-IWE.

(3SG.P)LOC-1SG.A-

( ) .
, : , ,
. , , , ,
. ,
, ,
9.
5. -
, , :
[ . 2000],
-, / ,
.
- , , PBen , JWen
, Sen ; ,wEPBen , . [, 1966: 99]:
(20) a. RWEneRWE-m xate-r
je-PBe.
-ERG

(21)

-ABS (3SG.P)3SG.A-

.
b. a-r
mafe rjenEm PBa-Re.
-ABS

(3SG.S)-PST

.
, , -
: :
(22) a. a-S
he-r
je-ceqa-R.
-ERG

(23)

-ABS

3SG.S/3SG.IO--PST

;
b. he-r
me-caqe.
-ABS 3SG.S-

.
.
, jepLen
.
, ,
. ,
, ,
: -
.
, , (GEn ~ jeGen ) , (txEn ~ txen ): , , . , , 9

, jEIWEn/jeIWen GEn/jeGen , ; ,
.

9
, , -, , -
, .
, , : . , : , , . :
, , , ,
, , , .
, ,
. ,
JWen , ; .
6. ,
[Kazenin 1993], [ 1986] [ 2004], , - . , , , .
, , ,
(manner verbs) [Levin, Rappaport Hovav 1998]
, , . ,
, , , (. GEn/jeGen , pLen/jepLEn ).
: ,
( . [, 1969], [Masica 1976] [Amberber 2002]).
, ( , ) , (. JWen , pHEn/pHen , dEn/den ., . [
1966]).
, , .
7. ,
,
.
: .

10
,
:
. ., , I&En :
(24) a. se
wEne se-I&E.

(25)

(3SG.P)1SG.A-

;
b. *ar ma-I&E/ma-I&e.

3SG.S-/3SG.S.-.AP

.
(14b) : . , ., , . , . ,
- : ,
.
,
Re-, :
(26) a. *halERWRaJe-r njepe rjen-ew
je-Ra-Je/me-Ra-Je.
-ABS

-ADV

3SG.S-CAUS-/SG.S-CAUS-

.
, :
. , ,
. , (15a) , .
, ,
:
, ,
. , - ,
.
, ( , ), .
, , . I&En
wEnexer : wEnexer I&En , , .
, , , . (15b), , , :
(27) (15) b. halERWRaJe-m njepe
rjen-ew
je-Ra-Je.
-ERG

-ADV

3SG.A/3SG.P-CAUS-

11
8.
, (., , [Hopper & Thompson 1980; Dowty 1991; Cooreman
1994; Smith 1997/1991; Filip 1999; Ackerman & Moore 2001]),
,
( , (viewpoint) ), , , ([Tatevosov 2002; 2005]; -
.. [ 1996, 2004]).
(. [Krifka 1989; Dowty 1991; Filip
1999; 2004]) , .
.
, - ,
, . , jeGen jeIWen ,
, , , . , ,
( ), .
10.
() , : (CaRe ), ES (MaRe ),
(stERe - ; ).

, :
(28) a. se
IWefEgWEbRWe-r
sE-JWa-R.

(29)

-ABS

1SG.S-.AP-PST

.
(30) a. pIaIe-m
-ERG

(31)

(3SG.P)1SG.A--PST

.
b. se
sE-JWa-R.

pjEsme-r

E-txE-R.

-ABS 3SG.P/3SG.A--PST

.
b. pIaIe-m
karandaS-Be txa-Re.
-ERG

-INS

(3SG.S).AP-PST

.
10

. [ 2005, ];
, .. [Tatevosov 2002; 2005], -< : - . : (S; ), (P; ),;
(ES; ), (EP; ). < .

12
,
, - ( . [Krifka et al. 1995]):
(32) a. se
se-Sxe.

(33)

1SG.S-.AP

().
b. se
lE-Be

-INS

se-Sxe.
1SG.S-.AP

() .
, ,
(. [ 2004]). GEn jEIWEn
,
, :
(34) a. se txEL-Er
z-GE-Re.
-ABS

(3SG.P)1SG.A-.TR-PST

(35)

.
b. se txEL-Em s-je-Ga-R.

(36)

;
c. ?se txEL-Er
se-GE.

(37)

? (, ).
d. se txEL-Em s-je-Ge.

-ERG

1SG.S-3SG.IO-.AP-PST

-ABS

-ERG

(3SG.P)1SG.A-

1SG.S-3SG.IO-.AP

.
(38) a. leZaKWe-xe-m
vjEnwe-r
-PL-ERG

(39)

-ABS

r-a-IWE.
(3SG.P)LOC-3SG.A-

( ).
b. bERWE-r taqjEq-jE-pI&e
psE je-IWa-R.
-ABS -INF-

LOC(3SG.S)-.AP-PST

.
, ,

: - , , (19), , ,
(20), ,
(18b), , , .
,
-Be
in two hours ( . [ ]). :
(40) a. Bale-m
sEhatnEqWe-Be qe-KWa-R.
-ERG -INS

(41)

(3SG.S)INV--PST

.
b. *Bale-m sEhatnEqWe-Be qe-IWa-R.
-ERG -INS

(3SG.S)INV--PST

, jeGen jeIWen
-Be ,

13
, , :
(42) Bale-r
txELE-m mef-jE-tfE-Be
je-Ga-R.
-ABS

-ERG

-INF--INS

3SG.S/3SG.IO-.AP-PST

() 5 .
(43)

taqjEq-jE-TWE-Be

psE CaSke

je-IWa-R.

-ABS -INF--INS

ME-r

(3SG.S)LOC-.AP-PST

2 .
, -Be , ,
, :
(44) *Bale-r
sEhatnEqWe-Be qelem-Em-Be
txa-Re.
-ABS

(45) *Bale-r
(46)

-INS

-ERG-INS (3SG.S).AP-PST

jELes-jE-TWE-Be hantHWEpsE-Be

Sxa-Re.

-ABS

-INF--INS

c-INS

(3SG.S).AP-PST

s-jane

sEhatnEqWe-Be

gWa-Re.

1SG.POSS- -INS

(3SG.S).AP-PST

.
Sxen . () - (. #
). -Be ( ,
/ ):
(47) a. #Bale-r
taqjEq-jE-tfE-Be
hantHWEpsE-Be Sxa-Re.
-ABS

-INF--INS

-INS

(3SG.S).AP-PST

(48)

.
b. se
minut-jE-TWE-Be
sE-Sxa-R.

-INF--INS

1SG.S-.AP-PST

2 .

, : , ,
. :
( ) (. [ 2004;
Letuchiy 2005]).
, ,
: ; , , .

. , ,
, , ( ) , , , . , (, , .) , . ,
, , , -

14
* *
.

, . , : , , ,
( ),
. , ,
, , . ,
(, , [Hewitt 1981]).
,
,
: jepLEn
pLen , .
, ,

. -, , , . , , , . ( [Hopper, Thompson 1980]), ,
. , ( ), ,
-.
: , - , , . , , , .. - , : ; , , ,
(. [ 1989: 139 .]). , , - .
, , , ,
: , . , , (,
,

15
) ,
, . ,
, , , , , ,
. ,
, , .
-
.

A , ABS , ADV , AP
, ART , CAUS , DAT , ERG , INF , INS , INV , IO , IPF
, LOC , P , PL , PRS , PST , S , SG
.

2005 .. . . . 2005.
.. . : // .. , .
1966 .. . . ., 1966.
. 2000 .. , .. , .. .
. .: , , 2000.
1971 .. . . .: , 1971.
1974 .. . - . // - , 1974, . 1.
1981 .. . - () . .: , 1981.
1989 .. . -
() . .: , 1989.
2004 .. . . , , 2004.
1998 .. . . . II. . .; : , 1998.
2005 .. . - . . , , 2005.
, 1969 .. , .. . // . / . .. . .: , 1969, . 2-50.
1996 .. . .
. . .: , 1996.
1998 .. .
// . . 36. .: , 1998,
. 82 107.
2004 .. . . .:
, 2004.

16
2004 .. . // . 2004. 5. . 4657.
2000 .. . . . .:
, 2000.
1986 .. . . ... , .,
, 1986.
, 1966 .. , .. . .
, : , 1966.
2004 .. . //
.
/ . .. . .: , 2004, . 86 90.
2005 .. : //
. 2005. 5. . 108141.
, 1941 .. , .. . . ..: , 1941.
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(Conn.): Prager, 2002, pp. 120.
Baker 1995 M.C. Baker. The Polysynthesis Parameter. Oxford: Oxford University Press,
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Cooreman 1994 A. Cooreman. A functional typology of antipassives // Voice: Form and
Function / Ed. by B. Fox, P.J. Hopper. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1994, pp.
4982.
Dixon 1972 R.M.W. Dixon. The Dyirbal Language of North Queensland. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1972.
Dowty 1991 D.R. Dowty. Thematic proto-roles and argument selection // Language, Vol.
67 (1991), No. 3, pp. 547619.
Filip 1999 H. Filip. Aspect, Eventuality Types, and Noun Phrase Semantics. New York:
Garland, 1999.
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Hale, Keyser 2002 K.L. Hale, S.J. Keyser. Prolegomena to a Theory of Argument Structure. Cambridge (MA): The MIT Press, 2002.
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Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society. Berkeley, 1976, pp. 202211.
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17
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