6 Contents.

Results of direct observation, 61 ; physical and physiological conclusions, 63. Intellectual qualities : speech, 65 ; talking apes and submerged continents, 66 ; tongues, 68 ; conscience, 69 ; charity, 71 ; religion, 73.
Differentiation of races. 76 ; conditions of life, or environment, 77 ; radical nature and racial nature, 80 ; vitiated conditions of life, 81.
Hunters, shepherds, farmers, 82 ; cost of acclimatization,
83 ; migrations, 85 ; instincts of sociability, 88 ; the man of
the future, 93.
Recapitulation: results of anthropology, 95.
BIOLOGY.
CHAPTER III.
Species ; or, Darwinism.
Naturalism or materialism, 100 ; species, race, 104 ; the
origin of Darwinism, 105. Sophisms : analogy, equivocation, comparison, erudition, hypothesis, begging the question,
106.
Likeness, filiation, heredity, 109. Three objections to
natural selection: Dr. Romanes, 112 ; (a) sterility of species,
113 ; (fr) time and other accidents, 1 14 ; (c) utilities,
a vicious
circle, 115 ; Mr. Darwin's manner of answering, 117; more
sophisms : chance, induction, post hoc, non-causa, 121.
Deduction : (a) uninterrupted descent, 122 ; {b) unities and
varieties in nature: law of permanent characterization, 123 ;
(c) a plea for genuine biology, 126; the miraculous in science,
the sophism ad odium, 128.
Rudiments, 129; evolution and degeneration, 132 ; hybrids
and mongrels, 133 ; reversion, disordered variation, atavism,
134; law of correlation, 135; use and non-use,i36; the struggle
for existence, 139 ; the economy of nature, 142 ; survival of
the fittest, 143 ; natural selection, 145.