*

* Petroleos Mexicanos
* Trans Canada cooperation
* Sino pec Corp -China
* GAIL PL-AP
* EXPECT from LDS :
* In order to have the correct response, within the shortest
time possible, the leak detection system should:
* Alarm a leak quickly after it occurs
* Provide accurate leak location and size estimates
* Not generate false alarms

* API RP 1130
Computational Pipeline Monitoring for Liquids

* USA
* focuses on the design, implementation, testing and operation
* TRFL-Technical Rule for Pipeline Systems
* Germany

* 1-Internally based LDS

* 2.External LDS

*Pressure/Flow monitoring-changes the pressure or flow readings

*Acoustic Pressure Waves- rarefaction waves produced when a
leak occurs

*Balancing methods- conservation of mass - flowmeters.

*RTTM Real-Time Transient Model methods-, mathematical
models of the flow -basic physical lawscalculate mass,flow, pressure, density and temperaturein real-time.

*Extended-RTTM methods-high sensitivity and false alarmscompared with the measured-residuals are close to - no
leak -If leak detected-signature with leak signatures in a
database .

* Digital Oil Leak Detection Cable

* Infrared radiometric pipeline testing
* Acoustic emission detectors
* Vapour-sensing tubes
* Fibre-optic leak detection