Ay jsisuyt dada Tunsigh Ls Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering Electrical Engineering Department Jan, 2008 Automatic Contro! £10695! Second Year Diploma (Machines&Drives) Time allowed: 3 hours Examiner: Dr. Mahmoud Zaytoun ‘Answer the following questi (1) Assume the controt system to be a(t) = For the control sysicm showa in Fig.l. Design the optimal feedback gaia matrix k such that the following performa:ize index is minimized T= J [x (1) Qx(t) Fut) uct) Jat G ° Where | =]. J (#20) 5. (2) Find the state model of multi-input multi-output system ¥(s)=G(sjU(s) Where s(s#1) Page | of 2(3) Consider # multi-input system shown in Fig. 2 [—— + | | ey 7 2 Fig. 2 2 (a) Write down the state space model of the system: (b) Check the controllability and observability of the system (c ) In the rest of the problem assume K1 = 6, K2 = 2. Write down the general form of ell state feedback controllers which results in closed-loop poles at -4, -5. (4) Use (©) to find a controller such that the closed-loop eigenvectors are orthogonal (2) Design a full-scate observer whose eigenvalues are at -9, -10. (CE) Compute the f2edback and feedforward transfer matrices of the observer-based controller. x(k+1) = x(k) + uCk) wk) = [2 0} x(k) (a) Compute the pulse transfer function of the discrete-time model (b) Check the controllability and observability of the system. (c) Design a state feedback so that the closed-loop poles of the discrete-time system are (04 & 0.5) [ ul k) =-H x(k) J. The state feedback stabilizes the system by moving the eigenvalues of Ag inside the unit circle, (4) Design a full-order state deadbeat digital observer. With my Best Wishes,,, Page 2 ofFaculty of Engineering, Alexandria University Electrical Bnsineering Departmnent Post Graduate Studies, 2" Year Introdugtion to Digital Signal Processing - 10611 Prof: Dr. Hesham Tolba 12 January 2908 - (10000-18h00} Books & lectare notes wre not permitted but you are allowed to use TWO pages of personal notes. Attempt ALD the following questions L. The fret fow Fibonacci numbers axe represented by the sequence = [0,1,1,2,9,5,8,18, 2h. (a) Determine the linear syste H(z) whose causal impulse response is I, and express it asa rational function in (b) Derive an expression for the n‘ Fibonacci number in terins of the poles of the cbove filter. 2. It is desired to generate the following waveform h(n) 0,0, 1,2,8, 4,0,9,0,0,..}. where the dot* indicate the periodie repetition of the 8 samples {1,2,3, 4,0, 0,0,0} (a) Determine the transfer function #7(s) of the flter whose impulse respense is the above periodic sequence. Express H(z) as a ratio of two polynomials of degree less than 8. (b) Draw the direct renlization and the canonical realization forms of this Geer. 3. Suppose that wo(t) is the product of the two signals 21(t) and 22(t), wheve w(t) and =2(t) are defined by (el) = 0,10] > M and X2(e") = 0,|0 2M If we multiply the analog signal w(t) by the sequence p(t), we obtain the sigial w(t), where p(t) is defined as follows: p(t} = IAZ 4. élt ~ nTs)y (a) What is the maximal vale of T, to restore w(t) from wt)? (b) Sketch the block diagram that « a be used to restore w(t) from pit)? 4, Consider a causal and stable LTT system # defined by the following input-output relationship: He wn) + Yo ay(n~ k) = a(n) + Bz(n - 1), (2) IF h(n) is used to represent the impulse response of the system sepresented by H, show that HO} #0. (0) Show that a1 may be determined using h(0} end (2). (6) If A(n) = (0.9)" cos(n/4), for 0 < n < 10, scketch the pole-zero pattern of the system H, aud indicates the corresponding region of convergence 5, An analog input signal to a DSP system, 2(t), has a spectrum X(F) defined by Ixy = =, v1 + (OIF) where F is in kHz, The highesu frequency of interest is 20 kHz. The signal is to be sampled at a rate Fy, Itis requited that the aliased spectral components must be at least. 60 dB helow the value of the signal components through the 20 kHz rauge of interest.(a) Determine the minimum sampling rate F,, if no anti-aliasing prefiter is used. (b) Suppose a simple 3”-order Butterworth antialiasing prefilter Is used having magnitude response 1 IHEY = It is required that the prefilter’s attenuation within the 20 kHz band of interest remain less than 1 dP”, What is the value of the normalization frequency F, in this case? What is the mininnum value of F, that may be used? Suppuse we are constrained to use a particular sampling rate F, = 7% kHz, which is less than the ‘minimums we determined above. In order to achieve the require! 60 dB suppression of the aliased replicas, wre must now use a more complex preflter - one that has a steeper transition width, suck, as a higher-order Butterworth. An N™ order Butterworth has magnitude response L WO = Sea Given F,, determine the minimum filter order Nin order for the filter to attennate less than Apass = 1 dB in the passband and the total suppression of the spectral images to be greater than 60 cB. ic 6. Show that the two systems in figure 1 have the same overall transler function 5 “) ——J—-@——@——— 0s f o | fn 1 i Lo © 6 609-©—o © Figure 1: Problem # 6.Faculty of Bngi Electrical Engineering Department 14 January 2008 10634 Quantum Mechanics Time Allowed: Three Hours ‘The number of pages of this exam is Two. Answer ALL Questions: 1. A potential barrier of some arbitrary shape V(x) lies between two regions of constant potential , V(x) = V; on the left, V(x) = V2 on the right. A beam of particles of total energy Eis shot towards the barrier from the left. We want to prove that the reflection probability ‘would be the same if the particles were incident from the right, with the same total energy. In other words, transmission properties of the barrier are symmetrical even if the barrier is, not. 2, ax Because L, commutes with L’, the following two false statements have been made: Every eigenfimction of L, is an eigenfunction of L?, Every eigenfunction of L” is an eigenfunction of L;. How would you correct these statements? Give counter examples. - For the wave function y = (x+y +z) €"®", what is the probability of obtaining in a measurement of L’ the valuc 2h” and in a measurement of L, the value 0? What are the possible resuits of measuring L,? What are the odds that a measurement of Ly will yield he Usefial information: Yi. =-V3/e sind e'* Yio = V3/4x cos 0 Yia= V38m sin@ !? . An electron with spin magnetic moment only and spin state © = a(0) % + b(0) x, alt= 0, is placed in a constant magnetic field B. a- Write down the equation relating the spin angular momentum to the spin magnetic moment of the electron. b- Write down the Hamiltonian operator of the system. c- Derive and solve the differential equations which govern the time-dependence of the coefficient a(t) and b(t). Now specialize to the case a= b= I/V2 , at t=0, and from ®(t) calculate both and as function of time What is the precession angular frequency? 4. From the relativistic equation for the electron (Dirac equation) one can write the Hamiltonian for an electron in a central electrostatic potential V(r) = e ©(r) in the following approximate form: ia 2 1 dy. 8mic Qn? r dr The Hamiltonian Hp, is that of the ordinary Schrédinger theory:‘The first correction term (- P*/8 nv’ c’), is the relativistic correction (up to terms of order Vic?) to the kinetic energy P”/2 m. The second is a spin-orbit coupling term. These two terms will be considered to be small perturbations. a- Find the correction to the hydrogen atom energy levels due to the relativistic correction term only. Hint: (@7/2m) + V@] v=E y, thus: (P?/2m)>y=[E- Vr y b- Find the correction to the hydrogen atom energy levels due to the spin-orbit coupling tem only. Hint: L.S=%(3?-L?-S?) Useful information: For the hydrogen atom: @@)=-elr; Bobrradius a)=b’/m ¢? ; E, ne = 1/2? 05

a {har cat +t ya) ne=1/ (0 +1) (2+ %) bag’ % (meh? n?) 5. i+ Derive the following expression for the induced transition rate due to a monochro:natic field, given that ton = he? / 8 €? @” xix’, 1, Wit) ~ B(v) 8 HV typon ii- Derive au expression for the absorption coefficient a (v). Derive the following expression for the critical inversion density 2 IV tao iv- Write down the rate equations for a four level laser. b- i- Derive an expression for the density of states of a two-dimensional electron gas. Sketch the band structure and the bound states associated with a thin layer of GaAs sandwiched between two thick Gaj.x Aly As layers. Show the allowed photon absorption transitions. Give an expression for the frequencies @, at which absorption should oceur. iii- Discuss briefly the quantum Hall effect. Sketch the transverse, pr, and the longitudinal, p:, resistivity components for a GaAs-Ga,.,Al, As hetrostructure as a function of applied magnetic field at low temperature. Give the value of pr as, obtained experimentally. iv- The Landau levels in a two dimensional electron gas under the application of a magnetic field, B, perpendicular to its plane is given by B=E)+(n+%)hoc+ yo B where Er is the lowest bound state energy of the potential well, and w, = ¢ B/m is the cyclotron frequency, 1s is the Bohr magneton. ‘Show that the number of states per unit area, g,, associated with each Landau level is independent of n and is given by g, =e B/h. Derive the value of py and show that, itis the same as that obtained experimental]Alexandria Universi Hsieh aay Faculty of Engineering Haaaigd Sis Electrical Engineering Department ey AS Ag pad Jan, 2008 Teed ah ‘Nonlinear control systems Post graduate Time allowed: 3hours Answer All Questi Part £: 1-Distinguish between the following terms: a) fuzzy and crisp sets. b) Stationary random process and fuzzy process. c) Membership functions, fuzzification , and defuzzification. 4d) Applying the excluded middle laws on fuzzy and crisp sets. 2-This problem characterizes two linguistic variables, high and medium voltage, on the voltage range from 0 to 200 AC voltage. 4 Ol 4 2. Got 4 + 100 Find the membership functions for the follo e)_ Not very hizh. 4) Slightly medium and very high. g) Very high or very medium. Exam Commitiee: prof Dr sb Zakreya Moauafa , Dr. MA.Wahba da)Ifa system is described by a set of three rules, using the foregoing fuzzy variables . All the rules have to be satisfied simultaneously for the system to work. The rules are 1) IF X and Y THEN Z, . 2) IF Xand Y THEN Zp. 3) IF X* arc Y* THEN Zs. Ifthe antecedents to the system are as follows: x= 3+ 0.4, andy=4 0.4. Using max-min composition technique, and any suitable defuzzification method a) Determine the output of the system by graphical inference. b) What would be the output of the system if, for the system to work, either of the rules just described may be satisfied, 4- Consider the nonlinear control system shown) EG—s) 4 a) Determine the parametric and phase ~plane equations of the system trajectories. b) State whether a limit cycle exists; if yes, determine the amplitude and frequency of the sustained oscillations. 5- Consider the nonlinear control system shown slope= A ri) ) determine the describing function of the nonlinear element. b) If4=0.1, and A= 1, investigate the stability of the system for K> 0. 6- Investigate the stability of the nonlinear control system described by the following state equations: X= -(sin? 2) x? -(2sinz)x,. (4sin t)x, -(cos’ t)x Exam Committee: __prof.Dv.M.Zokreva Moatafa, Dr. M.A.Wahba Qa)tye . 7 G Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering ~ Electrical Engineering Department r 1-a~ Enumerate the main applications of HVDC . - ‘ : _ 2 Discuss the adVantages and limitations of HVDC transmission. + =~" Ape%-Write short notes about THREE of the Huge International 94" 7 HVDC Transmission Systems recently completed: and being under construction. ce Carry out “economic comparison_between a new DC -w - transmission system and a three-phase AC system, when 7 transmitting the same power, having the same percentage . ~ logses and the same size of conductor. a Consider an-existing three-phase double _circuit_AC line in relation to its conversion toa DC line-. Carry out an economic comparison on the basis of the same current and_insulati level. = level. oe} Discuss the difference in the design of the dielectric for DC‘? ‘/ cables in comparison with AC.operation. z£ - ' 7 3 Draw. the electrical stress distribution in DC cable showing its - le oe dependence on temperature gradienVunder normal DC operation and impulse transient conditidns.. —————_ Ee eeeeares A 2? ~ Cpa : / of Ne ie 7 Describe the. type tests-normally carried out on newly _ developed power cables . a -4, Enumerate the main requirements for long cable lengths laid in deep water . 7 Prof. Dv. Ibrahim Megahed - - ok - . '