ALENAND#IA UNIVERSITY aculty of Engineering Flectrical Fnginzering Department Time ailowed’ 3 Hours m is TWO only. The number of pages of this exan Anewer all the following quest Question 1: a) Compare between: iy OSi and TCPAP reference models. ii) TCP and UDP. iii) inirastucure and AD-HOC wireless network, bh). There are two connection strategies namely connectionless ard connection-oriented iy Give a network example that uses each strategy. ii) Give the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy ey Suppose oso hosts, A and B, are separated by 25000 km and connected by & link of delay « bandwidth ~ 256 Mb. Suppose the propagation speed over the link is 2.5: 10° m/sec. i} Caleulate the minimum RTT and the bandwidth, jer sending a file of dOMbytes, what is the m between the request for the data goes out and the transfer of data finished tiv Cons imum amount of time that will Question 2: a) Define the following terms: Latency and throughput b) Give an advantage and disadvantage of the following transmission media i Coaxial cable ii) Fiber optics iii) Radio transmission iv) Lightwave transmission ¥) Geostationary Satellite vi) ADSL ey Compare between circuit and packet switching a) What are the functions of the data link layer? ib) What is the fiinction of bit stuffing? If the following bit sequence is received, what is the transmitted sequence? The sequence is: 1101011111015111001 101111100110. cy Compute the CRC for the message M = 0111101 and a generator polynomial G= 10it d) What are the advantages of the selective-repeat over the go-back-n algorithm? ¢} What are the differences between error control and flow control? Questi a) In the Ethernet frame, what are the functions of the preamble and the CRC? i) What is the advantage of Manchester encoding over a simple binary coding? Give a disadvantage of Manchester encoding? ©) What are the similarities and the differences between CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA? d) What does NAV stand for? What is its function? °) EE 802.4, explain how the token bus is formulatedoy List four routing algorithms. Give an advantage and a disadvantage for each algorithm. b) What are the advantages of the IPv6 over IPv4? cc) What is the content of the pseudoheader? &) Compare between: 1) Congestion avoidance and congestion reaction. ji) Open-loop and closed-loop congestion control. n 6 fy For the network shown in the following figure, the maximum packe1 sizes are 1500 bytes for the vo Ethernets, 4506 bytes for FDDI network and 532 bytes for the point-to-point network. If'a 1420-byte datagram (20-byte IP + 1400-byte data) sent from host A to host BB. Show the contents of the IP header in each packet transmitted over the four Links. [ “] Ethernet ] FDDI >| PPP F | Ethernet (| | 4 | rR {Pf R | | B | by Forthe shown network, derive the shortest routing paths from A to the other nodes using Dijskira routing protocol. Draw the spanning tree. Question a) Draw the timelins of the TCP connection establishment and tennination ) State the six flags used in the TCP header. Explain their functions briefly. ¢) Explain how the advertised window is computed in the TCP header 4) Explain how the TCP computes the timeout of any packet. ¢) State twn congestion control used by the TCP. Explain one of them briefly. Question 2) What is the function of the DNS server? b) What does SMTP stand for? Explain its function, c) Whar is the main difference between POP3 and IMAP? d) Draw the timeline of requesting any WWW page e) What are the functions of the following: Web proxy, Web cache and CDN? Good Luck Examiners: Dr. Nayera Sadek and the committee. Page 2 of 2By ASM ete Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering ass Electrical Engineering Department May 2007 2007 ys 10638 Solid State Electronics Sa I ot Sh 10688 Time Allowed: Three Hours eel ei The number of pages of this exam is Eight. Answer all the following questions: |.a-The cross section of a simple semirecessed oxide NMOS transistor is shown in Fig. . Make a possible process flow chart for fabrication of this structure. Show the structure cross section and the masks used in the process sequence. Indicate the dark and transparent areas on the ‘masks and the photoresist (positive or negative) used with each mask. b- Repeat part (a) for the npn transistor whose cross section is shown in Fig.2 The mask set for a simple rectangular pn junction diode is shown in Fig.3. Tite diode is formed ina paype substrate, Draw a picture of the horizontal layout for the diode that resulis when @ worst-case misalignment of 3 m occurs in both the x- and y- directions on cach mask level (i) Assume that both the contact and metal levels are aligned to the diffusion level. (Gi) Assume that the contact level is aligned to the diffusion level and the metal level is aligned to the contact level ‘What type of photoresist must be used with each of the three mask levels (n-diffusion window, contact windows, and metal etch) used to fabricate the diode. Assume thet the areas shown are dark on the mask (a “light-field mask”). «&- What wavelength illumination is required to achieve minimum feature size F ~ 0.25 yam with lens numerical aperture NA = 0.5 and without the use of phase-shifting masks? ‘What is the value of the corresponding depth of field DF? Give an estimate for the minimum feature size that can be achieved using a phase-shift mask. F=OSKINA & DF =0.64/(NA)? = Write brief notes on wet chemical etching and dry plasma etching. 2.a- Derive the following expression for the oxide thickness as a function of time. Xo(0= 0.5 ATG BIA) (C+ OY7= 1] Where BYA is the linear rate constant, B is the parabolic rate constant, and t= (X /B) + {X, /(B/A)} X, is the initial thickness of the oxide on the wafer. 'b- A <100> wafer has a 2000-A oxide on its surface. (8) How long did it take to grow this oxide at 1100° C in dry oxygen? (Gi) The wafer is put back in the furnace in wet oxygen at 1000° C. How long will it take to grow an additional 3000 A of oxide? Solve this problem graphically (Fig. 4). cA 2-tim SiO film is needed as the initial oxide on a <100> silicon wafer, Calculate the growth time in wet oxygen at 1150°C. X°o/B + Xo/(BUA)-1 Page! ofHypa eat culty of Engineering Rasta Ais ecring Department tay gD Lasigh ad ELEMOSH Electrical Power Engineering Se sl eae 1 Year Fleetviea! Machine & Traction - Diplome Time allowed : 3 Hours The number of pages of this evamination is Two Answer the following questions : 1.a. Explain the effects of distributed compensation on voltage control and on line charging reactive power. b, Explain how to control of open circuit voltage with shunt reactance rectors ©. Show the advantages and disadvantage of three types of compensating equipment for transmission systems. lel capacitors are used to correet power factor of a Alexandria University ud. How the series and pa load in power systems ? sion line has the following line constant, 2. 4, A 500 KV transt 20 < 82° and C = 0.002 < 90°. VR =500 KV. A= 0.8 < 20° and B= Determine i) the power at sending end (QS , PS ) the power at receiving end (PR, QR) iii) the voltage Vp for maximum efficiency iv) PCat maximum efficiency 3.4275 KV transmission line has the following line constants : = 0.8 <5° and B= 220< 75° power at unity power factor that ¢ ed at 275 KV. tion equipment would be required if the a. Determine th he received if the voltage profile at each end is to be maintai h, What type and rating of compe Joad is 150 MW at unity power factor with the voltage profile as in part (a), © With the load as in part (b), what would be the receiving end voltage if the compensation equipment is not installed, 4. A500 KV angle 20 transmission ling has surge impedance ZO =278 < -30° where ¥ = (3.8x10 ~ 7,065) red /KM, VR =S00KV Determine the voltage Vx at distance X =750KM For given P= 600, 900 1200 MW 5. For the cireuit shown in Fig.(}) determine: a, The value of Sy d. The voltage at sending end, ¢. The rating of the synchronous condenser located at Bus BAlexandria University Ay jaisuyt deals, Faculty of Engineering Ruaigll IS Elect Hay gS Raaaigll aa May. _ Vee gle Electrical Machines Dynamics, EXE 674 4 gS CRY) dala MSc. sale (sgt Time allowed: Three Hours. Glebe 208 i 5 ‘The number of pages of this exam is ONE only. Answer all the following questions: 1-a) What are the assumptions and procedures to obtain the basic machine model? b- Discuss the objective(s) of the reference frame theory. 2. The "dynamometer" type of ac ammeters and voltmeters may be represented by two-coli device; the coils are connected in series. The self- and mutual inductance $ 12 0.0.1 mh; Ry=R-0 ‘The restraining helical spring produces a torque that is proportional to the rotor angle from 0 to 90° and produces a torque of 0.016 n-m at 90°. The current in the i Tim coset. ive a qualitative expression for the time instantaneous torque on the rotor as function of the angular position. - Find an expression for the average torque on the rotor as a function of 0. 3- Write down the matrix equations for the basic model of the de machine, then deduce the machine model when the field winding(s) is/are connected: i- Separate ries iii- long compound iv- short compound Derive the torque equation for a separate de motor. 4+ Develop the d-q equivalent circuits of a three-phase induction motor IM in a synchronously rotating reference frame. Explain the benefits of using this frame over other IM frames. Discuss the importance of each IM frame? 5- Write down the differential equations of a synchronous reluctance motor in a rotor reference frame. Develop the electromagnetic torque equation. _ Page J of 1 Examiner:. Dr. Thanaa Sharaf-EldinAlexandria University Ay jsisarfiaaty , Faculty of Engineering Ausig lls Electrical Engineering Department fell Lai pa May 31, 2007 2007 p31 ELE 673: Neural Networks al gall plainly aS} MSc. machines and power section Jfaaalall Chelan 8 2G ji Time allowed: Three Hours. The number of pages of this exam is Two only. intempt the following questio 1) The network shown in fig(1) is an analoge to digital converter and can be used for coding a continous signal of value x Into a 4 bit unipolar bidirectional code (03, 02, 1,00). Analyize the network and find each range of x that is converted to each of the binary codes (0 0 0 O)j.... (1 1 1 1). Assume -1ex < 16 and unipolar binary neurons used in which f (net) = O for net 0 other wise =1 for net > 0. 2) Prototype points are given as: SIRX 73), Xs=(3 2], Xs= [5 4]! : class! [0 0}, X6 <1 -3)',X,=[-2 3] Xs=[-3 0}: class2 2) Determine if the two classes of patterns are linearly separable. °” Determine the center of gravity for patterns of each class, and find and draw the descision surface in the pattern space. Using the decision hyperplane equation given by : (x; — x2 )! + % ( || x2 I*= |] x2 [P=0 and W=x1— x Wer = % ([} 2 [P [x2 IP) Designe the dichotomizer for the given prototype points and determine how it would recognize the following input patternsof unknown class membership. Scaeeemeaeere : x=[0 5] >» x= [36/13 oO}! 3) A- Write a program implementing the error back propagation training algorithm for user selectable /, J and K’ values for a single hidden layer network. Learning constant 1 should be user selectable; no momentum term is needed. The initial weights for the network should be selected at random. Provision for specification of input pattern(s) and desired response should be made in order to initiate and carry out training . Use bipolar continous percetron. b- Implement the classifier of three printed characters A, T, and O as shown iin fig(2) . Set an an appropriate Em value such that an error free classification is assuresd. Assume no niomentum term: try different 1) values for different architectures. The target values should be selected as (1-1-1) forA, (-1 1 -1)forl,(-1 -1 1) for O. Assume two different input representations according to the following guide lines: (a) 16 pixels, three input vectors in the training set, n= 16 (J = 17, J=9, and (b) Two coordinates for each pixel, 16 input vector in the training set, n = and K=3) , (T= 3, J=9, 4) For the two-neuron continous time single-layer feed back network shown in fig(3) with heigh ain neurons, find the following (a) state equations. (b) The weight conductance matrix W. (c) The truncated energy function, E(W). (4) The gradient vector ofthe truncated energy function. gE (v) uniners: Prof. Dr. S. deghedieAlexandria University Faculty of Engineering Electrieal Engineering Department June, 2007 Automatic Control oo aS First Year Diploma(Power) 88 pats cls! Abad Gleb 3:G453) ‘Time allowed: 3 hours Examiner: Dr. Mahmoud Zaytoun “Answer the following questions (1) Consider the system with the following state space model [2 0 [: x(t) + u(t) 0 Lo. w(t) =[0 1] x(t) Assume the control system to be u(t) =-k x(t) Design the optimal feedback gain matrix k such that the following performance index is minimized “ LC (ty+Rw(tyjat with R= 1/5 Hint: The Riccati equation (PA + A'P— PBR BP +Q=0) (2) Find the state model of multi-input multi-output system Y¥(s)=G(s)U(s) Where Page | of 2Alexandria University Ay jase) dead, Faculty of Engineering te, Electrical Engineering Dept. ns First Year Diploma (Power Section) (2007 i) deal chats Final Exam. (May 2007) "si Py acm Electrical Machines & Control feu st call Time Allowed : 3 hr. Open notes examination Answer All Questions: 1- Three-phase, 2000 kVA, star-connected alternator is delivering its full load to a TIkV bus-bars at 0.8 power factor leading. The armature has synchronous reactance of 10 0 and a resistance of 1 Q. a) Determine the stator current, the excitation voltage. the power ang alternator efficiency b) If the ficld current increased by 30% while the steam-flow rate decreased by 20%, determine the stator current, the power factor, the power angle and the alternator efficiency in this case. ) What is the value of the maximum power the machine can deliver just before breaking out of synchronism in both cases? Saturation and rotational losses may be neglected. and the ‘A three-phase, star connected, salient pole synchronous generator has negligible stator resistance and zeactances of Xy=0.8 pau. and Xq=0.5 pu. If the generator is connected to an infinite bus af the rated voltage, determine: a) The excitation voltege and the power angle when the generator delivers its raied kVA to a pure inductive load. b) If the excitation is kept constant, determine the maximum power the motor can deliver and the corresponding motor current, power factor and power angle, 3- The field winding of a three-phase, cylindrical rotor, synchronous machine without per windings is short circuited and a single-phase voltage is connected to the star-connected armature winding between the "b" and "c" terminals with "a" open circuited as shown. If the machine is at rest, prove that: Ve = 24 Rat Lap ~ [Mia p. sind? (Ret Le ply i. Hint eo 4x 5 —cos(0 = sine 7 V3c0s0 cos - = 4a sini? sing - Ons5 Derive an expression for the torque required to drive x salicat-pole synchronous or with damper-windings at steady-state if it feeds a balanced three-phase, star-connected! inductive load with resistance Rj, and inductance L,, What wil! be the value of this torque if the generator is a non-salient without damper-windings and its terminals are short-circuited? enera A salientepole, 2 pole, 50 Hz, synchronous generator without damper windings has the following parameters: 4 O2Q Re OL OQ, ha =O. Ly OAS de OF Wand Myyy 9.25 11 field winding voltage is Ve = 10 V; for a sudden thre short-circuit . determin: " from an open circuit and with rotor angle of 30° at t = a the rms values of the open circuit e.m.f. b= the equation of the field current i(t). c+ the equation of the armature current i,(\). ce the Value of the field and armature currents at the time instants = 0.0, 0.2 and 1.0 see Good Luck Prof, Dr. Mohamed Magdy Ahmed| Alexandria Un Ay tisuy aly! Faculty of Engineering desig Elect. Eng. Department eS Raigad | May 2007 2007 le L Final Exam } Introduction to Statistical Communications: Assoaail) Gay! gl) Ji Course number 1068461 1068461 44, 531s Time allowed: 3 hours Cele 3 gal 7 Attempt the following questions OPEN BOOK EXAM All. questions have the same points Question 1 is 2 complex Gaussian random variable with zero mean and variance 0} = 4. Y is related to X by Y=2X. What are the mean, variance and probability density function (PDF) of the following random variables? Write the formula of the PDF and sketch the PDF formula. Z,=Z3+Z? | Za \ai+2; Question 2 A random variable X has a probability density function f(x) fo) as shown in figure, Find: t a) The value of K k b) The probability P(X<1/2) ©) The probability P(-1/2 Xd. Permanent magnets need stabilization. The poles of de motors are provided with pole shoes made of high permeability material Operation at maximum energy product point is preferred. ‘Second quadrant of the B-H loop is always of interest. Large air gaps may demagnetize the magnet, b. Derive an expression of stator current, axes currents, and torque of a permanent magnet synchronous motor and then sketch how the torque varies with the load angle 8 in case of: ‘ i. Xd> Xq li, Xd< Xq ss (2) a. Explain, using diagrams, the construction and theory of action o” brush-less de motor and show 90° elec. kept constant irrespective of rotor position and speed. b. APM brush-less de motor has a torque constant of 0.12 Nm/A rferred to the de supply. The motor is star connected and has two phases on at any instant 1. Estimate its no-load speed in rev / min when connected to a 43 de supply. ii, Ifthe resistance per phase is 0.2 © and the total voltage drop in the controller resistance is 2.2 V, determine the stall current and the stall torque (i.e. at zero seed). (3) a, What is meant by Hall effect and Hall element, Explain its theory and the principle of posit (give an example). mn detection b, Using dimension less quantities show how can you calculate the generalized torque/slip characteristics and currenU/slip relation of 3-phase solid rotor induction motors. 4) Sketch the phasor diagram of a permanent magnet synchronous .notor and show how can you determine saturated values for Xd & Xq. Give an expression for the axes current and output developed power 'b. A 3-phase segmental rotor reluctance motor has the following p.irameters in Ohms per phase: Xd= 44 Xq= 12 r=25 Use the circle diagram to estimate: |. Pull out torque in synchronous watt. Il. Max. power factor III, Load angle at | and Il (5)_a.In stepper motors sketch the following relations: I. Static torque/speed characteristics IL, Dynamic to:que/rotor position characteristics ‘And then explain the necessary conditions to achieve successfu, acceleration from rest. b. In stepper motors explain briefly what is meant by mechanical r-sonance? Then show the effect of inertia onit. Page | of 1 Examiner(s): Prof. Dr. Magdy M. K. EL AttarUniversity of Alexandria Faculty of Engineering Engineering Dept. June 2007 Industrial Electronics (ELE-531) 1* year Dip. In Measurements and Control as g cla a ghd yl Time Allowed: 3 Hours hele ou Electric: Number of pages of this examination is TWO only Open-Book Examination Attempt the following questions: 1Q-1] Discuss the main differences between the step up (boost), step down (Huck) and the step up/down (buck/boost) converters. Explain the principle of operation of each of them and compare between them from the point of view of. Input to output voltage range. Chopping frequency. Ideal Circuits. Number of components, Positive or negative output capabilities. Continuous and discontinuous conduction Output voltage ripple. Possible modes of operation (quadrants). Non-isolated operation. Component rating in design ve se>eange [Q-2] (a) A buck converter has a load resistance of 109 and tne input voltage is V, = 220V. When the chopper switch remains on, its voltage drop is 2V and the chopping frequency is f = 10kHz. If the duty cycle is 50%, determirs (a) the average output voltage V, (b) the rms output voltage Vo, (c) the chepper efficiency, (d) the effective input resistance of the chopper, and (¢) ti rms value of the fundamental component of the output harmonic voltage. (b) A battery-powered car uses a 240 V battery, and the driving motor is controlied by a fixed frequency chopper operating at 5 kHz. While going down a slope, the car is being regeneratively braked. The motor voltage is 70 V. The motor current is 20 A. The resistance of the motor circuits 2 +2 ‘Assume ideal filtering on both the input and output sides of the chonper. Calculate Page t of 2Ayyatsuy daals Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering aigh Us Electrical Engineering Department A gSll Laat aad June, 2007 MOST) Second Year Electronics (484 443) BE S39 Alsi i) ya Lyles 9 Jus ogi Last gs Diploma 4 $5 phe 200 Time allowed: Three Hours. Shel CDG jh Documents are allowed 1) Explain the difference in technology and applications between: Micro-electro-mechanical systems , and ii- Microelectronic devices ‘Show how communication systems are affected by MEMS technology. 2) Historically, sensors and actuators are the most costly and unreliable part of a macroscale sensor-actuator-electronics system. Show how MEMS and Nanotechnology allows these complex eletromechanical systems to be manufactured using batch fabrication techniques. 3) One of the basic building blocks in MEMS processing is the ability to deposit thin films of ‘material, this can be achieved by two different approach: chemical reaction, and physical reaction. Give examples for both technologies showing the fundamental procedure and the case when this procedure can be used. 4) Aided neat sketches explain how patterns are transferred to the surface of a MEMS. device. Show the difference between positive and negative resist. 5) Show the basic structure of : a) Thermal actuator, and b) Electrostatic actuator. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each type? 6) Show how tunable capacitors are designed and fabricated using standard MEMS technology?Alexandria Un College of Engi Department of Electrical Engineering High Voltage DC TL. “May 2007 4g aia) daale Aacsigit As Aap gS! Auraigll aud Time allowed is 3-hours. Answer ail the questions. [Q-1] Define the following: a) Over lap angle. b) Commutation failure, ¢). Rectification and inversion operation. d) Effective short circuit ratio. e) Constant ignition control. f) Constant current control. 9) Constant extinction angle control. [Q-2] State the advantages and the disadvantages of using high voltage direct current transmission line as a power link between two AC systems. (2-3) 2) Explain how the rectifier and the inverter affect the reactive power between the AC system and the DC transmission line. ») Explain how to control the active power transmitted through a high voltage DC link c) Show how to reduce the effect of the power electronic switching of the rectifier and the inverter of the high voltage DC link on the AC networks. Good Luc! Vga) eineAlexandria University Sy sieayl day Faculty of Engineering aig As Electrical Engineering Department Bay gh aig a May, 2007 Het Power System Protection, ee i LS Second year Diploma (power section) BA tat Time allowed: 3 Hrs ek B08 ro Answer the Following Question: 1) For the circuit shown in Figs: i) State the principle and write a detailed flow chart that shows how the settings of back-up protection using distance relays work in an adaptive way for relay R. ii) Based on your flow chart above calculate the setting of relay R for the first, second and third zones of protection when, (i) The system is in normal operation.(ii) Lines # 2-5 and 2-7 are out of service, 2) A 220 kV power system consisting of a number of transmission lines is shown in Fig 2. ‘The following information is available. > Transmission lines A & B operate in parallel. TL B is not always in service. TL A has a peak load that is tripped only during real emergency conditions if the current exceeds 1000 A. Protection of TL A is through R1 which consists of two relays that can operate together in any programmable way. > Cis multi terminal TL system with relays R2, R3 and R4 protecting it. > Disa 220/66 kV transformer that has on-load tap changing. Relays RS and R6 protect the transformer. RS is a digital over-current relay and RG is a digital differential retay. > Adaptive protection is to be applied on all relays shown in Fig2, it is required to: i) State in brief the possible adaptive features that can be added to each relay your answer write the relay number and describe the adaptive feature added to it. ii) Write a flow chart showing how the adaptive feature of each relay is done.220KV, ‘Transmission system IL System 8 RG — Ra]RS System |} + Load D [System 111 3) Two directional over-current digital relays are connected as shown in Fig. in order to protect feeder A. Each directional relay protects against overload and short circuit provided that it is in the protection zone, inside feeder A. The following is the scheme of operation for relay 1: i) Felay 1 calculates the RMS current of each phase and the phase angle between cach phase voltage and current (@,-0;). If the angle is +ve than the fault is nternal if the angle is —ve than the fault is external. Relay 1 will also not trip unless it receives a confirmation signal from relay 2. You are required to do the following: Specify the inputs to each relay. Draw the hardware components of Relay 1, Show clearly the communication channel and the data it receives. Explain the function of each component briefly. ¥) Draw the flow chart showing the operation of relay 1 as described above. Write the equations used to calculate the current and phase angle. Relay 1 Relay 2 | Feeder A 4) Relay pe-formance testing is one of the key issues in modern protection. In view of this statement describe the 3 different tests used for relays. For each test draw a wave shape sample fur it and explain the test method on the wave. 5) Using su table equations and diagrams, derive from the first principles a formula for the Fourier ‘ull cycle window algorithm. Good Luck Ashraf Megahe 1Alexandria University 1" Year Diploma Faculty of Engineering May 2007 Electrical Eng. Department Time Allowed: 3 Hrs. 106431 ‘Atempt the following questions: PARTI The differential equations describing the behavior of permanent-split capacitor, single-phase induction motor when referred to stationary (d-q) frame can be written in the form: [vp-ve] [Rp+Lpp 0 nM Pp 0 ip vo Lf? RQ+Lep 0 mp |fig 0 ja MP Mor RrtLrp — Lror | lide a Mor MP -Lror Rrtbyp | lige From which we can get the following derivatives: Where, ve is te capacitor voltage and is given by: Jipat ‘o,= rotor specd in electric radians/sec. Also, from ba:ane2 between input and output Te= Speoqmytt ot Te From which we get Poa = [Te To-TLYI Where. qq rotor speed in mechanical radians/sec. Te=M [igri ~n igrin} / pair of poles Tp = Berm T= Load torque For a constint load torque TL=1.5-Nm, using SIMULINK toolbox under MATLAB predict transient anc steady-state performance for the following permanent-split capacitor, single-phase induction motor: % hp, 115-V, 60-Hz, 4-pole. The machine parameters referred to the main winding (Q) are: Rg=2.02-0 R412. Lo=0.1846-H L,=0.1828-H = M=0.1772-H J =284x10% kgm? B= 5x10 Nm/(rad/sec)The supply phase voltages are given by Vor ¥ p= Vinsin(iot) Where. * Vo 21 15V2-V f= 60-Hz ‘The predicted performance should include waveforms for: stator currents, supply current, rotor . speed, and electiic torque developed. Good LuckAlexandria University Ag pase! deals Faculty of Engineering faaight 5 Electrical Engineering Department Bape Laila June, 2008 . . ( ee 2007 sx Architecture of Digital Signal Processing Hab oh LY Ages Cy nee MS.c studies Ube La! jah Time allowed: Three Hours. Caleta ED 20 Question 1 1. Prove: i) The convolution theorem ii) The correlation theorem 2. Explain using equations , two applications of the correlation 3. Obtain a relationship between the zero-lag correlation of two different waveforms and their total energy content, 4. Use the overlap ~ add procedure to convolve the two sequences h(n) = {1,0,2} and x(n) = (1,3,2,-3,0,2,-1,-2,3 ven} N=8 Question 2 1. Draw a flowchart for a three stage interpolator 2. Draw an illustration of interpolation by a rational factor (L=5,M=3) 3._A signal x(n) at a sampling frequency of 96 Khz is to be decimated to yield a signal at a sampling frequency of 1Khz. The highest frequency of interest after decimation 450 Hz. The antialiazing digital filter should satisfy the following specifications Passband deviation 0.01 Stopband deviation 9.001 Design a suitable two stage decimator .Let M; = 32, Mp=3 An estimate for the number of filter coefficients is given dy -10log (5, + &s )~Ci L-Explain and derive an expression for the variance for the non- parametric methods of the spectrum estimation 2. Show that the twin effects of the window in reducing the signal ener; and in introducing low frequency components into the spectrum may be overcome by windowing a linear function of the data rather than the data Question 4 Explain the DSP implementation of FFT, FIR Filter and the multisrate signal processing Page 1 of 2Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering Electrical Engineering Department 7 May 2007 _ _ _. _ one \pplication of Mathematical Methods in A Ane Gob abs Electrical Engineering, 10641 VeNEY Ay ygsth Quaigh Post Graduate Student M.Se. (Power) sam shee wile ly BOG ys ime allowed: Three Hours _ _ The number of of this exam is TWO onl Answer all the following questions: form to be used with prima! simplex method, and -a, Put the following problem in a standa then determine: i- The maximum number of possible basic ji At least three feasible extreme points. erations, Maximize Z= 2x) - 4x2 +5x3-6 xy Subject to xp + 4x.-243 +84 5 2 +X) +2x,4+3x5 t4xy 5 1 Nis Nay X3oXy 20 I-b, Solve the following linear programming (LP) problem using dual simplex method: Minimize Z=3x,+2 x2 Subject to 3ut m2 4xpt3m 26 xt xr S Ry Xr 20 1-e. State the special eases that can arise in the application of the simplex method. alternative optima; 1d. Solve the following LP problem, then show that the problem has Maximize, Z=2x;+4% Subject to xyt2uS5 xt ms4 Xi X2 20 What is the importance of knowledge of alternative optima in practice? 2.3, Examine she following objective funetions for extreme points: sys xem $3 x1 x2 Page 1 of 2Alexandria University Ayyaisuyh da Faculty of Engineering asi 4S Electrical Engineering Department ay eS Leigh pad May. 2007 Toe gle System Identification BN ye 1° Year Diploma (Control and Measurements) (ay S03) palo GM Time allowed: 3 Hours. Answer all the following questions: ie Stele Tiga! To identify a nonlinear element of a control system, the following measurements for the input, uy, and output y, , are obtained: 0 i 2 3 [4 3 6 | Ly 0 an 2 3 ir 5 6 | [ye (1.08 165 [24 34 433 62 7.68 a) plot yx versus u,. b) Decide a model(parameter)using the method of least-squares. ©) Determine the minimum value of the loss function. 2. The following table gives the data generated by the process: yx + Yx.1=b uk-1+ x where uy is the input, yx is the output, and ex is zero-mean Gaussian noise with known standard de x i 2 3 4 [uy 1 [a 1 =I 1 Ye io Tar 1.25 “0.27 Determine the least-squares estimate of the parameters "a" and "b", 3 For a unit step input, u,=1, the following measurements are obtained: Consider a discrete-time system described by: yxtay'.1=bux-itex where uyis the put, yx is the output, and ¢, is zero-mean Gaussian noise with known standard deviation. fk To 1 2 3 4 3 Ye 0 [o.or 1.05 1.69 3.02 74 a) Determine an estimate of the parameters "a" and "b b) Assume that a new output measurement, ye~39.3 is available, find the new estimate of "a" and "b" using the recursive least-squares. 4. Consider the following ARMA process: yx-aYu-1= ek +CCx-1 Where yy is the output, and ¢ is zero-mean Gaussian noise with variance o”. Find the asymptotic least-squares estimate of the parameter "'a'', and state the condition for the estimate to be unbiased.Alexandria University Facuity of Engineering Electrical Engineering Department May, 2007 areca Ee ess ae a Time allowed: 3 Hours. 7 cles EO 2G Microprocessor Based System Design First Year Diploma and M.Sc. uestion: Answer all the follow! 1. Write an assembly program (with the aid of a flow chart) for a 4-bit (one-digit) BCD (Binary-Coded-Decimal) counter that counts the input pulses from a pulse generator as shown in figure. Then the output count is applied to a BCD-to-seven segment decoder through port A as shown. -—— PICIGF84 SS BCD To == RB4 RAO 7 segment RAL [>| Decoder aed RAB > Write an assembly program (with the aid of a flow chart) for a 3-bit de-multiplexer where the input is on port A and the output is from port B and connected to eight LEDs as shown. Note the function of the de-multiplexer is to determine which LED should be on according to the binary input. RBO RBI RB2 RB3 2 | RBs > RAO RBS > —~p}e-—ewet. oa ———} RAL RBG | ee ome, ———] raz RB7 pe oom. —3. Discuss briefly each of the following: The different Reset signals in the PICL6K84 b. The different Interrupt signals in PICLGR84 c. The difference between the directives EQU, SET, CONSPANT, and VARTABLE he giving an example for ¢: oF ae] J ath FL FEL 2h ‘SATS | staTus——] 83h Fae rsa aah Fonte | TARE 85h FORTE | Tes een eh TEOATE TEES] 8h [Tesoro] aah an RATT TET] BAH ADDWE ign [Teor mreon | 36h SUBLW Lia eth" SUBWE ANDLW 66 hytes RAM memory | GPR | registers iene oa «t— 7Fh __| Fh BankO Bankt : | Gfrasroc set | Giro pyc er des tere wf {freon ear fy yet fh es 0s]ig asop iene Alexandria University ‘ Faculty of Engineering, deaigh Electrical Engineering Department Ss aS aig pad ELE 534 Elecrric and Magnetic Properties of Solids BLE 534 satya dhl yay Sb gal YEAR HSD in Electronic Engineering Shy FANN ae Ue SLL lo Time: 3:00 Hes ete SOE eh Yew gl Vga) Examiners: Prof Dr ELS. A, EL-Badawy &Committee BanDly pith gle se pla pal Atiempt ALL questions: ‘Neat answers and boxed results are appreciated Question 1 Choose True or False. On your answer sheet, write the number of the question followed by your choice T or F. vote: Two wrong ss cancel one correct choice 1. In solids and liquids the distance between neighboring atoms or molecules is of the order of a few micrometers, ‘while in a gas at room temperature at one atmosphere the average distance between molecules is of the order of TF Inverystalline Solids, the atoms are stacked in a regular manner forming a three-dimensional pattern which may be obtained by a three-dimensional repetition of a certain pattern unit. (rir 4. The polycrystalline solid consists of an agglomeration of microscopic monocrystals whose behavior at the macroscopic scale is isotropic TIF 5. An anisotropic mx i TIF 6. Crystalline depend on the direction in which they are measured. aterial is one whose physical prope ;enerally anisotropic materials but a crystalline solid is homogeneous. ice point per primitive cell, 8. The Tivear density of lattice points var‘es with the direction: the density is high in the directions of large indices and low in the directions of small indices. [ TTF 9. The direction of higher density of lattice points corresponds to higher separation between two successive smemiber vectors of this direction TIF 10. Ina erystal the cohesion force is stronger in the directions of larger indices. TIE 11. Ina lattice, the notation [hkl] refers to an infinite set of evenly spaced parallel vectors and not to a unique vector. 12. A set Dh h 1) passes by a specific group of lattice points and not by all lattice points, (“tre 13, Ina lattice, the notation (h KI) refers to an infinite set of evenly spaced parallel planes and not to one particular plane. i 14, The set of planes (hk 1) passes by all lattice points TTF 15, The distance, measured along the axes a,b, €,, between vo adjacent planes of a set of planes (hk 1) are, hho respectively. =.= and —“16. In wa brthogonal set of axes a, planes (hk 1) is: diy, t planes of the set of +, the (normal) separation distance between two ad 1 0 17. The distance Ben TIF decrease and vice versa. en two adjacent planes of the set of planes (h k 1) tends to increase as the Miller indices 18. The lattice planes of smaller indices (hkl) are slightiy populated. a 19, In cubie latices, the direction {hk} is always perpendicular to the plane (hk) having the same indices, but this is not generally true for other lattice systems. TIF 20. The direction (001] is the zone axis of the zone of faces (100), (010), (100) and (010). TIE 21. A point symmetry operation is that operation which conserves one point, at least, immobile; when it applies about a lattice poin nt it leaves the lattice invariant. A point symmetry operation does include translation f TIF 22. By a lattice point group one means the collection of symmetry operations which when applied about a lattice point leaves the lattice invariant, TIE 23. 4 crystal has a 3-fold inversion axis if a rotation of 120° around this axis followed by an inversion operation through a given point on the axis leaves the crystal unchanged. TIE 25. A G-fold inverse a the axis, 24. Stereographie projection enables one to represent a three dimensional object over a plane. TIE ixis implies the existence of a collinear 3-fold direct axis and x mirror plane perpendicular to [ TLE 26. The association 0 perpendicular 2-fol Fa 3-fold direct axis and a perpendicular 2-fold direct axis implies the existence of three Id direct axes with interangles equal to 60°. F vinn metry in monoclinic crystalline system is one 3-fold axis, neiry in cubic crystalline system is three 3-fold axes. ine system a = b = cand a=B=y, < 120° 490°, 28, ‘The essential sy TIE 29. In trigonal erystalli CTF 30. There are five 2-D. -Bravais lattices and thirty-two 3-D-Bravais lattices. 31. The fee lattive is the most populated lattice; it isa close-packed structure.. TIF 32. There are 12 nearest-neighbor lattice points in a close-packed structure. { TIF 33, The maximum fi factor of simple cubic system is about 0.68. ratio c/a is V2 =1.414, 35, Pure metals such as sodium Na, potassium K, and cesium Cs crystallize in the crystal structures of bec lattices ‘with one atom per fF ‘hot normally occupied by an atom. TLE int aie. al defect means an atom is transferred from a lattice site to an interstitial position; a positi“ ALEXANDRIA UNIVERSITY MSC. EXAM 5 pl o YORE RICAL ENG, DEPT. TIME ALLOWED: 3HRS Spe PAST ALGORITHMS FOR SIGNAL PROCESSING (ELE 615) ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUE! 1.a.Define the discrete Fourier transform, DFT, of the tis — Fo N=4, write the DPT of the sequence x(n} in 2 matt b.Derive the decimation in time, radix 2, FFT algorithm, cIf'x(n)~{2,3,-2,5}, calculate the frequency spectrum X(m) and the autocorrelation furction 4 Use the matrix approach of the circular convolution to obtain a linear convolution of the two sequences: h(n)={1,0,2,4,2,0,1} and x(n)=(1,1,1,1,-1-lL-1 e.The impulse response of a filter and the signal to be filtered are given by: 1 for 0sn<3 hin)= 0 elsewhere 0 forn<0 x(ny= 1 for 0sn<3 for 40 2 eth N=8, determine the linear convolution of the sea _x(n) wath the impulse response h(n) using the overlap-save method, _ 2.a.Define the di vausform, DWT, of the time sequence x(n). of period ™ _—_ b For N~4write the DWT of the sequence x(a) in a matrix form, assuming Walsh- ordered DWT ,Hada:nard- ordered and Paley- ordered DWT. c Derive the main steps of the fast Walsh transform, FWT, algorithm. c.f x(n)={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}, calculate the sequency spectrum X(k) and the dyadic autocorrelation function, «Give the main steps transforming the arithmetic autocorrelation function into the logical autocorrelation function (AAF—1 3.4 Define the discrete Hartley transform, DHT, of the time sequence x(n) b.\What is the relation between Hartley and Fourier transforms. c.Draw the flow diagram of the fast Hartley transform, FHT, in case of N=. «Calculate the FHT of the sequence x(n)={3.2,1,0,2,4,6,1} ¢ Calculate the number of operations, (multiplications & additions), as a function of the length N, required for the computation of the DHT and the FHT What will be the percentage of reduction in the number of operations when we use calculate the DHT ofa sequesice x(n) of length N=16 a sequence x(n) of length N716 —* " 4.4 Define the DCT of the time sequence x(nj of length Nv + 7b, For N=4, write the DCT in matrix form. © Compare between the DC? and the DF ©. What are the main steps of tie fast computational algorithm of the DCT © Give the reduction in the number of operations when we use the KC i £ Discuss briefly the use of CT in signal compression 5 a, What is a basic wavelet function? Show how a set of waveiet basic function can be venerated. ~~» Detine i) The continuous wavelet transform (CW). ranstorn, iat are the main properties of the CWT? © 2. De; he waveiet transiorm of a signai, What is the difference between wavelet transform and short time Fourier transform? be the Mallat’ tree algorithm to compute the discrete wavelet transform, © Snow chat the original discrete signal can aiso be reconstructed with the same algorithrr © “onsiger the function x(t) which has eight samples represented by the vector Ss anaivaing wavelet 1 Calculate the DWT of x +) Represent x(t) in terms the obtained coeiticiems. ui) Discuss the obtained resuits How can we use OW in data compression? 1-0. -4. 4, 2. 4. 9. 3. 6] and the Haar wavelet. D2, with coefficients Ca= Cs = i BEST WISHES & GOOD LUCK4, a) Deseribe the structure, differences and applications of the following SS CDMA receivers: - Matched filter Single user receiver. jis Multi-user receivers. jii- Rake Receivers b) Describe the different channels and types of codes used in the 1S-95 CDMA Cellular communications systems and the differenee of their use in the up and down links. Discuss the limitation of 1S-95 and dicuss brievly its evolution to 3G systems. ¢} i+ Aided with equations and block diagrams deseribe multi-carrier OFDM systems and discuss their applications, advantages and disadvantages. ‘i= T'yplain the PFT-based implementation technique aided with transmitter & receiver 1 ay ell as thy importance of Cyelie Prefix? Discuss the details and compare the use of spreading codes in the following systems: i. 2.G SS Cellular communications systems (IS-95) uplinks and downlinks. lular mobile communications (UMTS system), iii, W-LAN systems. iv. GPS Satellite Positioning Systems. 6. Write a short researeh reports on only one of the following research topics: ib Multirate transmission in hybrid Frequency-Hopping / Multicarrier / Direct-Sequence CDMA systems. ji Multiuser diversity techniques for support of quality of service of CDMA sytems over fading channels iii, DS/SSMA unslotted ALOHA systems with variable length data traffic. iv. Coded DS-CDMA using pilot assisted channel estimation and interference suppression in fading channels. \= Adaptive interference suppression for DS-CDMA, Vie Combining Rake Receivers with Turbo Coding for enhancing energy consumption and quality in CDMA systems. vile Multiuser MIMO wireless communication systems performance enhancement techniques in frequency-selective fading channels. viii Mutti-user pre-rake space-time block codes techniques in fading channels. : Good Luck, Prof. Dr. Said E. E-Kfamy .