TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 9394:2012
NG V P CC - THI CNG V NGHIM THU
Pile driving and static jacking works- Construction, check and acceptance
Li ni u
TCVN 9394:2012 c chuyn i t TCXDVN 286:2003 theo quy nh ti khon 1 iu 69 ca
Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut v im a khon 1 iu 7 Ngh nh s 127/2007/N-CP
ngy 01/8/2007 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy
chun k thut.
TCVN 9394:2012 do Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng - B Xy dng bin son, B Xy
dng ngh, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng thm nh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh
cng b.
NG V P CC - THI CNG V NGHIM THU
Pile driving and static jacking works- Construction, check and acceptance
1 Phm vi p dng
1.1 Tiu chun ny p dng cho cc cng trnh xy dng thuc lnh vc xy dng, giao thng,
thy li.
1.2 Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho cc cng trnh c iu kin a cht cng trnh c bit
nh vng c hang cc-t, mi nghing, cng... Cc cng trnh ny c thi cng v
nghim thu theo yu cu ca Thit k, hoc do T vn ngh vi s chp thun ca Ch u
t.
2 Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau cn thit cho vic p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin dn
ghi nm cng b th p dng phin bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm
cng b th p dng phin bn mi nht, bao gm c cc sa i, b sung (nu c).
TCVN 4453:1995, Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp ton khi - Quy phm thi cng v nghim
thu.
TCVN 5308:1991, Quy phm k thut an ton trong xy dng.
TCVN 9393:2012, Cc-Phng php th nghim bng ti trng tnh p dc trc.
3 Thut ng v nh ngha
3.1
Cc ng (Driving pile)
Cc c h bng nng lng ng (va p, rung).
3.2
Cc p (Pressing pile)
Cc c h bng nng lng tnh, khng gy ra xung lc ln u cc.
3.3
chi ca cc ng (Pile refusal)
ln ca cc do mt nht ba ng v mt pht lm vic ca ba rung gy ra.
3.4
Ti trng thit k (Design load)
Gi tr ti trng do Nh thit k d tnh tc dng ln cc.
3.5
Lc p nh nht (Pep)min (The minimum jacking load)
Lc p do Nh thit k quy nh m bo ti trng thit k ln cc, thng thng ly bng 150
% n 200 % ti trng thit k.
3.6
Lc p ln nht (Pep)max (The maximum jacking load)

Lc p do Nh thit k quy nh, khng vt qu sc chu ti ca vt liu cc; c tnh ton

theo kt qu xuyn tnh, khi khng c kt qu ny th thng ly bng 200 % n 300 % ti trng
thit k.
4 Quy nh chung
4.1 Thi cng h cc cn tun theo bn v thit k thi cng, trong bao gm: d liu v b tr
cc cng trnh hin c v cng trnh ngm; ng cp in c ch dn su lp t ng dy
ti in v bin php bo v chng; danh mc cc my mc, thit b; trnh t v tin thi cng;
cc bin php m bo an ton lao ng v v sinh mi trng; bn v b tr mt bng thi cng
k c in nc v cc hng mc tm thi phc v thi cng.
c y s liu cho thi cng mng cc, nht l trong iu kin a cht phc tp, khi cn
thit Nh thu phi tin hnh ng, p cc cc th v tin hnh th nghim cc bng ti trng
ng hoc ti trng tnh theo cng ca T vn hoc Thit k ra.
4.2 Trc c nh v cc trc mng cn c tin hnh t cc mc chun theo ng quy nh
hin hnh. Mc nh v trc thng lm bng cc cc ng, nm cch trc ngoi cng ca mng
khng t hn 10 m. Trong bin bn bn giao mc nh v phi c s b tr mc cng ta
ca chng cng nh cao ca cc mc chun dn t li cao trnh thnh ph hoc quc gia.
Vic nh v tng cc trong qu trnh thi cng phi do cc trc c vin c kinh nghim tin hnh
di s gim st ca k thut thi cng cc pha Nh thu v trong cc cng trnh quan trng phi
c T vn gim st kim tra. chun ca li trc nh v phi thng xuyn c kim tra,
c bit khi c mt mc b chuyn dch th cn c kim tra ngay. sai lch ca cc trc so
vi thit k khng c vt qu 1 cm trn 100 m chiu di tuyn.
4.3 Chuyn ch, bo qun, nng dng cc vo v tr h cc phi tun th cc bin php chng
h hi cc. Khi chuyn ch cc b tng ct thp (BTCT) cng nh khi sp xp xung bi tp kt
phi c h con k bng g pha di cc mc cu. Nghim cm vic ln hoc ko cc BTCT
bng dy.
4.4 Cng tc chun b
4.4.1 Nh thu cn c vo h s thit k, yu cu ca Ch u t v iu kin mi trng c th
lp bin php thi cng cc trong nn lu lm r cc iu sau:
a) Cng ngh thi cng ng/p;
b) Thit b d nh chn;
c) K hoch m bo cht lng, trong nu r trnh t h cc da theo iu kin t nn,
cch b tr i cc, s lng cc trong i, phng php kim tra thng ng, kim tra mi
hn, cch o chi, bin php an ton v m bo v sinh mi trng...;
d) D kin s c v cch x l;
e) Tin thi cng...
4.4.2 Trc khi thi cng h cc cn tin hnh cc cng tc chun b sau y:
a) Nghin cu iu kin a cht cng trnh v a cht thy vn, chiu dy, th nm v c trng
c l ca chng;
b) Thm d kh nng c cc chng ngi di t c bin php loi b chng, s c mt ca
cng trnh ngm v cng trnh ln cn c bin php phng nga nh hng xu n chng;
c) Xem xt iu kin mi trng th (ting n v chn ng) theo tiu chun mi trng lin
quan khi thi cng gn khu dn c v cng trnh c sn;
d) Nghim thu mt bng thi cng;
e) Lp li trc c nh v cc trc mng v ta cc cc cn thi cng trn mt bng;
f) Kim tra chng ch xut xng ca cc;
g) Kim tra kch thc thc t ca cc;
h) Chuyn ch v sp xp cc trn mt bng thi cng;
i) nh du chia on ln thn cc theo chiu di cc;
k) T hp cc on cc trn mt t thnh cy cc theo thit k;
l) t my trc c theo di thng ng ca cc v o chi ca cc.
4.5 Hn ni cc on cc
4.5.1 Ch bt u hn ni cc on cc khi:
- Kch thc cc bn m ng vi thit k;
- Trc ca on cc c kim tra thng ng theo hai phng vung gc vi nhau;
- B mt u hai on cc ni phi tip xc kht vi nhau.

4.5.2 ng hn mi ni cc phi m bo ng quy nh ca thit k v chu lc, khng c

c nhng khuyt tt sau y:
- Kch thc ng hn sai lch so vi thit k;
- Chiu cao hoc chiu rng ca mi hn khng ng u;
- ng hn khng thng, b mt mi hn b r, khng ngu, qu nhit, c chy loang, ln x, b
nt...
4.5.3 Ch c tip tc h cc khi kim tra mi ni hn khng c khuyt tt.
5 Vt liu cc
5.1 Cc b tng ct thp
5.1.1 Cc b tng ct thp c th l cc rng, tit din vnh khuyn (c ly tm) hoc cc c,
tit din a gic u hoc vung (c bng vn khun thng thng). B tng cc phi m bo
mc thit k, cc c nghim thu theo TCVN 4453:1995.
5.1.2 Kim tra cc ti ni sn xut gm cc khu sau y:
a) Vt liu:
- Chng ch xut xng ca ct thp, xi mng; kt qu th nghim kim tra mu thp, v ct liu
ct, (si), xi mng, nc theo cc tiu chun hin hnh;
- Cp phi b tng;
- Kt qu th nghim mu b tng;
- ng knh ct thp chu lc;
- ng knh, bc ct ai;
- Li thp tng cng v vnh thp b u cc;
- Mi hn ct thp ch vo vnh thp;
- S ng u ca lp b tng bo v;
b) Kch thc hnh hc:
- S cn xng ca ct thp trong tit din cc;
- Kch thc tit din cc;
- vung gc ca tit din cc u cc vi trc;
- chm u n ca mi cc;
5.1.3 Khng c dng cc on cc c sai lch v kch thc vt qu quy nh trong Bng
1 v c vt nt rng hn 0,2 mm. su vt nt gc khng qu 10 mm, tng din tch do lm,
st gc v r t ong khng ln hn 5 % tng din tch b mt cc v khng qu tp trung.
5.2 Cc thp
5.2.1 Cc thp thng c ch to t thp ng hoc thp hnh cn nng. Chiu di cc on
cc chn theo kch thc ca khng gian thi cng cng nh kch thc v nng lc ca thit b
h cc.
5.2.2 Mt u cc on cc phi phng v vung gc vi trc cc, nghing khng ln hn 1
%.
5.2.3 Chiu dy ca cc thp ly theo quy nh ca thit k thng bng chiu dy chu lc theo
tnh ton cng vi chiu dy chu n mn.
5.2.4 Trong trng hp cn thit c th c bo v bng phun va xi mng mc cao, cht do
hoc phng php in ho.
5.2.5 Cc on cc thp c ni hn, chiu cao v chiu di ng hn phi tun theo thit k.
Bng 1- Mc sai lch cho php v kch thc cc
Kch thc cu to

Mc sai lch cho php

1. Chiu di on cc, mm

30

2. Kch thc cnh (ng knh ngoi) tit din ca cc c

(hoc rng gia), mm

+5

3. Chiu di mi cc, mm

30

4. cong ca cc (li hoc lm), mm

5. vng ca on cc
6. lch mi cc khi tm, mm

10
1/100 chiu di t cc
10

7. Gc nghing ca mt u cc vi mt phng thng gc trc

cc:
- Cc tit din a gic, %;

nghing 1

- Cc trn, %.

nghing 0,5

8. Khong cch t tm mc treo n u on cc, mm

50

9. lch ca mc treo so vi trc cc, mm

20

10. Chiu dy ca lp b tng bo v, mm

11. Bc ct thp xon hoc ct thp ai, mm

10

12. Khong cch gia cc thanh ct thp ch, mm

10

13. ng knh cc rng, mm

14. Chiu dy thnh l, mm

15. Kch thc l rng so vi tim cc, mm

6 H cc bng ba ng v ba rung
6.1 Ty theo nng lc trang thit b hin c, iu kin a cht cng trnh, quy nh ca Thit k
v chiu su h cc v chi quy nh Nh thu c th la chn thit b h cc ph hp.
Nguyn tc la chn ba nh sau:
a) C nng lng h cc n chiu su thit k vi chi quy nh trong thit k, xuyn
qua cc lp t dy k c tng kp cng;
b) Gy nn ng sut ng khng ln hn ng sut ng cho php ca cc hn ch kh nng
gy nt cc;
c) Tng s nht p hoc tng thi gian h cc lin tc khng c vt qu gi tr khng ch
trong thit k ngn nga hin tng cc b mi;
d) chi ca cc khng nn qu nh c th lm hng u ba.
6.2 La chn ba ng cc theo kh nng chu ti ca cc trong thit k v trng lng cc.
Nng lng cn thit ti thiu ca nht ba p E c xc nh theo cng thc:
E = 1,75 a.P

(1)

trong :
E l nng lng p ca ba, tnh bng kilgam lc mt (kG.m);
a l h s bng 25 kilgam lc mt trn tn (kG.m/T);
P l kh nng chu ti ca cc, quy nh trong thit k tnh bng tn (T).
Loi ba c chn vi nng lng nht p phi tho mn iu kin:

trong :
k l h s chn ba ng, quy nh trong Bng 2;
Qn l trng lng ton phn ca ba, tnh bng kilgam lc (kG);
q l trng lng cc (gm c trng lng m v m u cc), tnh bng kilgam lc (kG);
i vi ba izen, gi tr tnh ton nng lng p ly bng:
i vi ba ng Ett = 0,9 QH
i vi ba cn Ett = 0,4 QH
trong :
Q l trng lng phn p ca ba tnh bng kilgam lc (kG);
H l chiu cao ri thc t phn p ba khi ng giai on cui, i vi ba ng H= 2,8 m; i
vi ba cn c trng lng phn p l 1,25; 1,80 v 2,50 T th H tng ng l 1,7; 2,0 v 2,2 m.
Bng 2- H s chn ba ng
Loi ba

H s k

Ba izen kiu ng v song ng

Ba n ng v izen kiu cn

Ba treo

CH THCH: Khi h cc bng phng php xi nc th cc h s ni trn c tng thm 1,5.

6.3 Khi cn phi ng xuyn qua cc lp t cht nn dng cc ba c nng lng p ln hn
cc tr s tnh ton theo cc cng thc (1) v (2), hoc c th dng bin php khoan dn trc
khi ng hoc bin php xi nc.
Khi chn ba ng cc xin nn tng nng lng p tnh theo cng thc (1) vi h s k 1 cho
trong Bng 3.
Bng 3- H s chn ba ng cc xin
nghing ca cc

H s k1

5:1

1,1

4:1

1,15

3:1

1,25

2:1

1,40

1:1

1,70

6.4 Loi ba rung h cc chn theo t s K0/Qt ty thuc vo iu kin t nn v chiu su h

cc; K0 l m men lch tm, tnh bng tn xentimt (T.cm) v Q t l trng lng ton phn gm
trng lng cc, ba rung v m u cc, tnh bng tn (T). Gi tr ca t s ny khi dng ba
rung vi tc quay bnh lch tm t 300 r/min n 500 r/min khng c nh hn tr s cho
trong Bng 4.
Bng 4- T s K0/Qt
Tnh cht t m cc xuyn qua

Phng php h cc

K0/Qt khi su h cc
<15 m

>15 m

Ct no nc, bn, st do mm Khng xi nc v ly t ra

v do chy
khi cc

0,80

1,00

Ct m, t st, st do mm, Xi nc tun hon v ly t

cng
khi lng cc ng

1,10

1,30

St cng, na cng, ct, si,

sn

1,30

1,60

Xi nc v ly t khi lng cc
thp hn c mi cc

CH THCH: Khi chn ba rung h cc ng c ng knh ln hn 1,2 m nn u tin cho cc

my c l thot a t t trong lng cc ng ra ngoi m khng phi tho lp my. Trong
trng hp cn rung h cc cc ng knh ln nn dng hai ba rung ghp i ng b trn
mt trung chuyn; khi cc gi tr K0 v Qt phi l tng cc ch tiu tng ng ca hai ba
rung.
6.5 Khi rung h cc trn rng hoc cc dng tm cn c cc bin php chng kh nng xut hin
cc vt nt hoc h hng cc:
- trnh s tng p sut khng kh trong lng cc do y kht nn dng chp u cc c cc l
hng c tng din tch khng t hn 0,5 % din tch tit din ngang ca cc;
- trnh sinh ra p lc thy ng nguy him ca nc trong t lng cc c th gy nt rn
cc-ng BTCT phi c bin php ht nc hoc truyn khng kh.
c th d bo trc nhng h hng c th xy ra khi rung h cc - ng nn dng thit b o
gia tc, trong trng hp khng c thit b th tin hnh quan st mc tiu hao cng sut ba
(hoc in nng) v bin giao ng ca cc. Nu thy cng sut ba v bin giao ng
ca cc tng, lin kt ba rung v u cc vn kht m tc h cc li b gim th chng t mi
cc gp chng ngi; khi cn dng my, tm cch loi b chng ngi bng cch ly t
lng cc v bm ra y cc.
Khi rung h cc trong ct v ct giai on cui th nn gim tn s v rung cc trong khong
t 7min n 10 min su thit k lm cht t trong lng v xung quanh cc.
6.6 Khi rung h cc bnh thng tc l cc thng s ba rung n nh, cc khng gp chng
ngi th theo s tng tin ca chiu su, tc h cc, bin giao ng v cng sut my s b
gim do ma st bn ca cc tng dn. tng chiu su h cc nn tng cng sut ng c cho
n cng sut thit k. Khi tc h cc gim ti 2 cm/min n 5 cm/min v bin giao ng
khong 5 mm th cc s kh xung tip; cn phi tin hnh xi nc hoc ly t lng cc cng
vi vic chy ht cng sut ng c.
6.7 Khi ng cc bng ba phi dng m cc v m g ph hp vi tit din ngang ca cc.
Cc khe h gia mt bn ca cc v thnh m cc mi bn khng nn vt qu 1 cm.
Cn phi sit cht cng ba rung h cc vi cc.

Khi ni cc on cc trn rng v cc - ng phi m bo ng tm ca chng. Khi cn thit

phi dng b g c nh v thit b dn hng tng chnh xc.
Khi thi cng cc vng sng nc nn tin hnh khi sng khng cao hn cp 2. Cc phng
tin ni cn c neo gi chc chn.
6.8 Trong qu trnh h cc cn ghi chp nht k theo mu in sn (c th xem Ph lc A).
ng t 5 cc n 20 cc u tin cc im khc nhau trn khu vc xy dng phi tin hnh
cn thn c ghi chp s nht ba cho tng mt chiu su v ly chi cho lot ba cui cng.
Nh thu nn dng th nghim ng bin dng ln (PDA) kim tra vic la chn ba v kh
nng ng ca ba trong cc iu kin xc nh(t nn, ba, cc...)
6.9 Vo cui qu trnh ng cc khi chi gn t ti tr s thit k th vic ng cc bng ba
n ng phi tin hnh tng nht d theo di chi cho mi nht; khi ng bng ba hi song
ng cn phi o ln ca cc, tn s p ca ba v p lc hi cho tng pht; khi dng ba
i--zen th chi c xc nh t tr trung bnh ca lot 10 nht sau cng.
Cc khng t chi thit k th cn phi ng b kim tra sau khi c ngh theo quy
nh. Trong trng hp chi khi ng kim tra vn ln hn chi thit k th T vn v Thit
k nn cho tin hnh th tnh cc v hiu chnh li mt phn hoc ton b thit k mng cc.
6.10 Trong giai on u khi ng cc bng ba n ng nn ghi s nht ba v cao ri ba
trung bnh cc i c 1,0 m; khi dng ba hi th ghi p lc hi trung bnh v thi gian
cc i c 1 m v tn s nht p trong 1 min. chi phi o vi chnh xc ti 1 mm.
chi kim tra c o cho 3 lot ba cui cng. i vi ba n v ba izen th mt lot l
10 nht; i vi ba hi th mt lot l s nht ba trong thi gian 2 min; i vi ba rung 1 lot
cng l thi gian ba lm vic trong 2 min.
Thi gian ngh ca cc trc khi ng kim tra ph thuc vo tnh cht cc lp t xung quanh
v di mi cc nhng khng nh hn:
a) 3 ngy khi ng qua t ct;
b) 6 ngy khi ng qua t st.
6.11 Trong trng hp khi thi cng thay i cc thng s ca ba hoc cc c ch dn
trong thit k th chi d, e, lc ng hoc ng kim tra phi tho mn iu kin:

Nu chi d, e, nh hn 0,2 cm (vi iu kin l ba dng ng ph hp vi yu cu

6.1, th chi ton phn (bng tng chi n hi v chi d) phi tho mn iu kin:

Trong cc cng thc trn:

e l chi d, bng ln ca cc do mt nht ba ng v 1 min lm vic ca ba rung, tnh
bng xentimt (cm);
c l chi n hi (chuyn v n hi ca t v cc) xc nh bng dng c o chi, tnh
bng xentimt (cm);
n l h s tra theo Bng 5, tnh bng tn trn mt vung (T/m);
Bng 5- H s n
Loi ba

H s n (T/m)

Cc BTCT c m

150

Cc thp c m

500
Bng 6- Nng lng quy i

Lc cng bc, (T)

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Nng lng nht p

quy i (T.cm)

450

900

1 300

1 750

2 200

2 650

3 100

3 500

Q l trng lng phn p ca ba, tnh bng tn (T);

H l chiu cao ri thc t phn p ca ba, tnh bng xentimt (cm);

k l h s an ton v t, ly k= 1,4 trong cng thc (3) v k= 1,25 trong cng thc (4); cn trong
xy dng cu khi s lng cc trong tr ln hn 20 th k = 1,4, t 11 cc n 20 cc th k = 1,6,
t 6 cc n 10 cc th k = 1,65, t 1 cc n 5 cc th k = 1,75;
P l kh nng chu ti ca cc theo thit k, tnh bng tn (T);
M l h s ly bng 1 cho ba ng v theo Bng 7 cho ba rung;
Bng 7- H s M
Loi t di mi cc

H s M

Si sn c ln ct

1,3

Ct: - ht trung v th

1,2

- ht nh cht va

1,1

- ct bi cht va

1,0

ct do, st v st cng

0,9

st v st - na cng

0,8

st v st - do cng

0,7

CH THCH: Khi ct cht gi tr h s M c tng thm 60 %.

QT l trng lng ton phn ca ba hoc ba rung, tnh bng tn (T);
2 l h s phc hi va p, ly 2 = 0,2 khi ng cc BTCT v cc thp c dng m cc m g,
cn khi dng ba rung th 2 = 0;
q l trng lng cc v m cc, tnh bng tn (T);
q1 l trng lng cc m, tnh bng tn (T); khi dng ba rung q 1 = 0;
h l chiu cao cho ba izen, h = 50 cm, cc loi khc h = 0;
l din tch mt bn ca cc, tnh bng mt vung (m);
n0 v n l cc h s chuyn i t sc khng ng ca t sang sc khng tnh, tnh bng giy
mt trn tn n = 0,25 s.m/T; n0 = 0,002 5 s.m/T;
g l gia tc trng trng (g = 9,81 m/s);
F l din tch theo chu vi ngoi ca cc c hoc rng (khng ph thuc vo cc c hay khng c
mi nhn), tnh bng mt vung (m);
Ett l nng lng tnh ton ca nht p, tnh bng tn xentimt (T.cm), ly theo 6.2 cho ba
izen, ba treo v ba n ng ly bng QH, khi dng ba hi song ng ly theo l lch my,
i vi ba rung ly theo nng lng nht p quy i, cho trong Bng 6;
Khi tnh theo cng thc ng Hilley rt gn th chi c th kim tra theo cng thc:

trong
e l chi ca cc (tnh trung bnh cho 20 cm cui cng), tnh bng mt (m);
ef l hiu sut c hc ca ba ng cc; mt s gi tr c kin ngh nh sau:
- Ba ri t do iu khin t ng, ef = 0,8;
- Ba izen, ef = 0,8;
- Ba ri t do nng bng cp ti, ef = 0,4;
- Ba hi n ng, ef = 0,6;
H l chiu cao ri ba, tnh bng mt (m);
Wr l trng lng ca ba ng, tnh bng tn (T);

Qu l kh nng mang ti cc hn ca cc, thng thng ly vi h s an ton, F s, khng di

tnh bng tn (T);
Lp l chiu di cc, tnh bng mt (m);
F l din tch tit din cc, tnh bng mt vung (m);
Ee l m un n hi ca vt liu cc, tnh bng tn trn mt vung (T/m).
6.12 Nu trong thit k mng cc ng c quy nh tm bin giao ng khi sp dng rung cc
th bin dao ng cc cc-ng ng knh ngoi n 2 m, vi tc h cc t 2 cm n 20
cm trong 1 min c tnh theo cng thc:

trong :
A l bin ly bng 1/2 lc ton phn ca giao ng nhng pht cui trc lc dng rung,
tnh bng xentimt (cm);
Nn l cng sut hu hiu ton phn giai on cui, tnh bng kilot (kW);
Nx l cng sut vn hnh khng ti, i vi ba rung tn s thp, ly bng 25 % cng sut thit
k ca ng c in, tnh bng kilot (kW);
nv l tc quay ca b lch trong ba rung, tnh bng vng trn pht (r/min);
P l kh nng chu ti ca cc-ng, tnh bng tn (T);
l h s ph thuc vo t s gia sc khng ng v sc khng tnh ca t, cho trong Bng 8
v Bng 9;
Qv l trng lng ca h thng rung, bng tng trng lng ca ba rung v chp u cc, tnh
bng tn (T).
Bng 8- H s cho ct
H s

Tn ct
Th

Va

Nh

Ct no nc

4,5

5,0

6,0

Ct m

3,5

4,0

5,0

Bng 9- H s cho st
H s khi st

Tn ct
IL >0,75

0,5 < IL 0,75

0,25< IL 0,5

st, ct

4,0

3,0

2,5

St

3,0

2,2

2,0

Khi c nhiu lp t th xc nh theo cng thc:

trong :
i l h s ca lp th i;
hi l chiu dy ca lp th i, tnh bng mt (m).
6.13 Khi rung h cc trn v cc- ng, khng ta vo v na , m bo kh nng mang
ti ca cc, P, cn rung h on cui sao cho bin dao ng thc t A, khng vt qu bin
tnh ton, Att, theo v phi ca cng thc (5). Nu A > Att chng t sc khng ca t cha t
yu cu, cn phi tip tc rung h cho ti khi tho mn cng thc nu trn th mi m bo kh
nng mang ti ca cc. Gi tr ca nv nu khng c thit b o th ly theo thng s trong l lch
ba rung. C th dng cc loi my trc c o bin dao ng, hoc dng cc thit b t
ghi. Trong trng hp khng c thit b o th c th dng cch v ng ngang tht nhanh ln
giy k dn sn vo thn cc, s thu c ng cong dao ng. Ni cc nh trn v nh
di thnh ng gp khc, o chiu cao ln nht vi chnh xc ti 0,1 cm ta thu c
lc ca dao ng chnh bng 2 ln bin dao ng cn tm.

6.14 Tr s ca cc h s trong Bng 8 v Bng 9 nn chun xc li theo kt qu nn tnh cc

th. Sau khi rung h cc v nn tnh cho ta kh nng chu ti ca cc P th h s cho iu kin
t nn thc t c tnh theo cng thc:

Cc thng s ca qu trnh rung ly nh phn trn.

6.15 Ch cho php dng xi nc h cc nhng ni cch xa nh v cng trnh hin c trn
20 m. gim p sut, lu lng nc v cng sut my bm, cn phi kt hp xi nc vi
ng hoc p cc bng u ba. Khi cn xi nc trong ct v ct su hn 20 m phi
km theo bm kh nn khong t 2 m/min n 3 m/min vo vng xi nc.
i vi cc v cc ng c ng knh nh hn 1 m th cho php dng mt ng xi t gia tit
din. i vi cc cc ng ng knh ln hn 1 m th nn t cc ng xi theo chu vi cc ng
cch nhau t 1,0m n 1,5 m. Khi h cc n mt cui cng th ngng vic xi nc, tip tc
ng hoc rung h cc cho n khi t chi thit k m bo kh nng chu ti ca cc.
Nn p dng bin php xi nc khi h cc trong t ct.
6.16 Cc ng xi nc phi c u phun hnh nn. t c hiu qu xi ln nht th ng
knh u phun nn chim khong 0,4 n 0,45 ln ng knh trong ca ng xi. Khi cn tng
tc h cc th ngoi u phun chnh tm cn lm thm cc l phun nghing 30 n 40 so vi
phng ng xung quanh ng xi. ng knh cc l ny t 6 mm n 10 mm. p lc nc
cn thit, lu lng nc ty theo ng knh, chiu su cc v loi t c th tham kho trong
Bng 10.
Bng 10- p lc nc xi
Tn ct

Chiu su
(m)

Bn, ct chy

Ct p ti vi ng knh trong (mm)/lu lng (L/min)

phun (T/m)
cho cc c ng knh (cm)
30 n 50

50 n 70

T 5 n 15

T 4 n 8

37
400 ,1000

50
1000 ,1500

Ct mn, bi, chy, bn T 15 n 25

do chy, do mm

T 8 n 10

68
1000 ,1500

80
1500 ,2000

St v st

T 25 n 35

T 10 n 15

80
1500 ,2500

106
200 ,3000

Ct ht trung, th v
ln si

T 5 n 15

T 6 n 10

50
1000 ,1500

68
1500 ,2000

ct do

T 15 n 25

T 10 n 15

80
1500 ,2500

68
2000 ,3000

st v st do cng

T 25 n 35

T 8 n 20

68
2500 ,3000

106 ,131
2500 ,4000

CH THCH: Khi ng b cc cc di, tn dng cng sut ba th sau khi ngng xi nc

chnh tm, nn xi tip thm pha ngoi phn trn ca cc. C th dng hai ng xi ng knh
trong t 50 mm n 68 mm.
7 H cc bng phng php p tnh
7.1 La chn thit b p cc cn tho mn cc yu cu sau:
- Cng sut ca thit b khng nh hn 1,4 ln lc p ln nht do thit k quy nh;
- Lc p ca thit b phi m bo tc dng ng dc trc tm cc khi p t nh cc v tc dng
u ln cc mt bn cc khi p m, khng gy ra lc ngang ln cc;
- Thit b phi c chng ch kim nh thi hiu v ng h o p v cc van du cng bng hiu
chnh kch do c quan c thm quyn cp;
- Thit b p cc phi m bo iu kin vn hnh v an ton lao ng khi thi cng.
7.2 La chn h phn lc cho cng tc p cc ph thuc vo c im hin trng, c im
cng trnh, c im a cht cng trnh, nng lc ca thit b p. C th to ra h phn lc bng
neo xun cht trong lng t, hoc dn cht ti bng vt nng trn mt t khi tin hnh p
trc, hoc t sn cc neo trong mng cng trnh dng trng lng cng trnh lm h phn

lc trong phng php p sau. Trong mi trng hp tng trng lng h phn lc khng nn
nh hn 1,1 ln lc p ln nht do thit k quy nh.
7.3 Thi im bt u p cc khi phi dng trng lng cng trnh lm phn lc (p sau) phi
c thit k quy nh ph thuc vo kt cu cng trnh, tng ti trng lm h phn lc hin c
v bin bn nghim thu phn i cc c l ch cc v h neo chn sn theo cc quy nh v
nghim thu kt cu BTCT hin hnh.
7.4 Kim tra nh v v thng bng ca thit b p cc gm cc khu:
- Trc ca thit b to lc phi trng vi tim cc;
- Mt phng cng tc ca sn my p phi nm ngang phng (c th kim ta bng thy chun
ni v);
- Phng nn ca thit b to lc phi l phng thng ng, vung gc vi sn cng tc;
- Chy th my kim tra n nh ca ton h thng bng cch gia ti khong t 10 % n 15
% ti trng thit k ca cc.
7.5 on mi cc cn c lp dng cn thn, kim tra theo hai phng vung gc sao cho
lch tm khng qu 10 mm. Lc tc dng ln cc cn tng t t sao cho tc xuyn khng qu
1 cm/s. Khi pht hin cc b nghing phi dng p cn chnh li.
7.6 p cc on cc tip theo gm cc bc sau:
a) Kim tra b mt hai u on cc, sa cha cho tht phng; kim tra chi tit mi ni; lp dng
on cc vo v tr p sao cho trc tm on cc trng vi trc on mi cc, nghing so vi
phng thng ng khng qu 1 %;
b) Gia ti ln cc khong 10 % n 15 % ti trng thit k sut trong thi gian hn ni to tip
xc gia hai b mt b tng; tin hnh hn ni theo quy nh trong thit k.
c) Tng dn lc p cc on cc xuyn vo t vi vn tc khng qu 2 cm/s;
d) Khng nn dng mi cc trong t st do cng qu lu (do hn ni hoc do thi gian cui ca
p...).
7.7 Khi lc nn b tng t ngt, c th gp mt trong cc hin tng sau:
- Mi cc xuyn vo lp t cng hn;
- Mi cc gp d vt;
- Cc b xin, mi cc t vo g ni ca cc bn cnh.
Trong cc trng hp cn phi tm bin php x l thch hp, c th l mt trong cc cch
sau:
- Cc nghing qu quy nh, cc b v phi nh ln p li hoc p b sung cc mi (do thit k
ch nh)
- Khi gp d vt, va ct cht hoc st cng c th dng cch khoan dn hoc xi nc nh ng
cc;
7.8 Cc c cng nhn l p xong khi tho mn ng thi hai iu kin sau y:
a) Chiu di cc p vo t nn khng nh hn L min v khng qu Lmax vi Lmin , Lmax l chiu
di ngn nht v di nht ca cc c thit k d bo theo tnh hnh bin ng ca nn t
trong khu vc;
b) Lc p trc khi dng, (Pep)KT trong khong t (Pep) min n (Pep)max, trong :
(Pep)min l lc p nh nht do thit k quy nh;
(Pep)max l lc p ln nht do thit k quy nh;
(Pep)KT l lc p ti thi im kt thc p cc, tr s ny c duy tr vi vn tc xuyn khng qu
1 cm/s trn chiu su khng t hn ba ln ng knh (hoc cnh) cc.
Trong trng hp khng t hai iu kin trn, cn bo cho Thit k c bin php x l.
7.9 Vic ghi chp lc p theo nht k p cc nn tin hnh cho tng m chiu di cc cho ti khi
t ti (Pep)min, bt u t su ny nn ghi cho tng 20 cm cho ti khi kt thc, hoc theo yu
cu c th ca T vn, Thit k.
7.10 i vi cc p sau, cng tc nghim thu i cc v kho u cc tin hnh theo tiu chun
thi cng v nghim thu cng tc b tng v b tng ct thp hin hnh.
8 Gim st v nghim thu
8.1 Nh thu phi c k thut vin thng xuyn theo di cng tc h cc, ghi chp nht k h
cc. T vn gim st hoc i din Ch u t nn cng Nh thu nghim thu theo cc quy nh
v dng h cc nu phn trn cho tng cc ti hin trng, lp bin bn nghim thu theo mu
in sn (xem Ph lc A, E). Trong trng hp c cc s c hoc cc b h hng Nh thu phi

bo cho Thit k c bin php x l thch hp; cc s c cn c gii quyt ngay khi ang
ng i tr, khi nghim thu ch cn c vo cc h s hp l, khng c vn cn tranh chp.
8.2 Khi ng cc n su thit k m cha t chi quy nh th Nh thu phi kim tra li
quy trnh ng cc ca mnh, c th cc b xin hoc b gy, cn tin hnh ng b sau khi
cc c ngh v cc th nghim kim tra nguyn vn ca cc (PIT) v th nghim ng bin
dng ln (PDA) xc nh nguyn nhn, bo Thit k c bin php x l.
8.3 Khi ng cc t chi quy nh m cc cha t su thit k th c th cc gp
chng ngi, iu kin a cht cng trnh thay i, t nn b y tri..., Nh thu cn xc nh
r nguyn nhn c bin php khc phc.
8.4 Nghim thu cng tc thi cng cc tin hnh da trn c s cc h s sau:
a) H s thit k c duyt;
b) Bin bn nghim thu trc c nh v trc mng cc;
c) Chng ch xut xng ca cc theo cc iu khon nu trong phn 3 v cc thng phm;
d) Nht k h cc v bin bn nghim thu tng cc;
e) H s hon cng cc c thuyt minh sai lch theo mt bng v chiu su cng cc cc b
sung v cc thay i thit k c chp thun;
f) Cc kt qu th nghim ng cc ng (o chi v th nghim PDA nu c);
g) Cc kt qu th nghim kim tra ton khi ca cy cc- th nghim bin dng nh (PIT) theo
quy nh ca Thit k;
h) Cc kt qu th nghim nn tnh cc theo TCVN 9393:2012.
8.5 lch so vi v tr thit k ca trc cc trn mt bng khng c vt qu tr s nu trong
Bng 11 hoc ghi trong thit k.
Bng 11- lch trn mt bng
Loi cc v cch b tr chng

lch trc cc cho php

1) Cc c cnh hoc ng knh n 0,5 m

a) Khi b tr cc mt hng

0,2d

b) Khi b tr hnh bng hoc nhm 2 v 3 hng

- Cc bin

0,2d

- Cc gia

0,3d

c) Chi b tr qu 3 hng trn hnh bng hoc bi cc

- Cc bin

0,2d

- Cc gia

0,4d

d) Cc n

5 cm

e) Cc chng

3 cm

2) Cc cc trn rng ng knh t 0,5 m n 0,8 m

a) Cc bin

10 cm

b) Cc gia

15 cm

c) Cc n di ct
3) Cc h qua ng khoan dn (khi xy dng cu)

8 cm
lch trc ti mc trn cng ca ng
dn c lp chc chn khng vt
qu 0,025D bn nc ( y D l
su ca nc ti ni lp ng dn) v
25 mm vng khng nc

CH THCH: s cc b lch khng nn vt qu 25 % tng s cc khi b tr theo di, cn khi b

tr cm di ct khng nn qu 5 %. Kh nng dng cc c lch ln hn cc tr s trong Bng
11 s do Thit k quy nh.
8.6 Nh thu cn t chc quan trc trong khi thi cng h cc (i vi bn thn cc, tri ca
cc cc ln cn v mt t, cc cng trnh xung quanh...).
8.7 Nghim thu cng tc ng v p cc tin hnh theo cc quy nh hin hnh. H s nghim
thu c lu gi trong sut tui th thit k ca cng trnh.
9 An ton lao ng
9.1 Khi thi cng cc phi thc hin mi quy nh v an ton lao ng theo TCVN 5308:1991 v
m bo v sinh mi trng theo ng cc quy nh hin hnh.

9.2 Trong p cc, on cc mi bng thp phi c u chp. Phi c bin php an ton khi dng
hai on cc mi ni tip nhau p.
Ph lc A
(Tham kho)
Bin bn h cc
A.1 Nht k ng cc
Tn Nh thu: ..................................................................
Cng trnh: .......................................................................
Nht k ng cc
0

(T N .................... n N0 ............................)
Bt u.......................... Kt thc ...................
1. H thng my ng cc .........................................................................................................
2. Loi ba .................................................................................................................................
3. Trng lng phn p ca ba .............................................................................................
4. p sut (kh, hi), atm ...........................................................................................................
5. Loi v trng lng ca m cc, kG .....................................................................................
Cc s (theo mt bng bi cc) .................................................................................................
1. Ngy thng ng ...................................................................................................................
2. Nhn hiu cc (theo t hp cc on cc) ............................................................................
3. Cao tuyt i ca mt t cnh cc .................................................................................
4. Cao tuyt i ca mi cc ................................................................................................
5. chi thit k, cm ..............................................................................................................
N0 ln o

cao ri ba, S nht p trong su h cc

cm
ln o
trong ln o

chi ca 1
nht p, cm

Ghi ch

K thut thi cng

T vn gim st

A.2 Tng hp ng cc
Tn Nh thu: ..................................................................
Cng trnh: .......................................................................
Bo co tng hp ng cc
0

(T N .................... n N0 ............................)
Bt u.......................... Kt thc ...................
TT

Tn
cc

Loi
cc

Ngy/ca

su, m
Thit k Thc t
5

Loi
ba

Tng s
nht p

chi, cm

Ghi ch

Khi ng Khi kim

tra
9

10

11

K thut thi cng

T vn gim st

A.3 Nht k rung h cc ng

Tn Nh thu: ..................................................................
Cng trnh: .......................................................................
Nht k rung h cc ng
0

(T N .................... n N0 ............................)
Bt u.......................... Kt thc ...................
1. Loi ba rung ...........................................................................................................................
2. Loi v trng lng ca m cc, kg ........................................................................................
Cc s (theo mt bng bi cc ....................................................................................................
1. Ngy thng ............................................................................................................................
2. ng knh ngoi ........................................ Chiu dy thnh.................................................
3. S lng v chiu di cc on cc ........................................................................................
4. Loi mi ni ca cc on cc .................................................................................................
5. Cao tuyt i ca mt t cnh cc ....................................................................................
6. Cao tuyt i ca mi cc ...................................................................................................
7. Cao ca nt t trong lng cc ...........................................................................................
Tc ln trong ln o sau cng .................................................................................................
N0
Thi
ln
Thi
ln gian o, trong ln gian
o
o,
ngh,
min
cm
min

S liu v vn hnh ba rung

Lc
kch
ng,

Cao ca t
trong lng cc

Ghi ch

Cng in th Bin Trc khi Sau khi

dng dng
dao
o b o b
in,
in, ng,

mm

10

11

K thut thi cng

T vn gim st

A.4 Tng hp rung h cc

Tn Nh thu: ..................................................................
Cng trnh: .......................................................................
Bo co tng hp rung h cc
0

(T N .................... n N0 ............................)
Bt u.......................... Kt thc ...................
TT

Tn
cc

Loi
cc

Ngy/ca

su, m

Loi Cc s liu v ln o sau cng

ba
Thit kThc t rung Lc
Cng Tc Cao
kch
sut
h,
li
ng,
yu
t,
m/min
cu,
T
m
kW
5

10

11

Ghi ch

12

K thut thi cng

T vn gim st

A.5 Nht k p cc
Tn Nh thu: ..................................................................
Cng trnh: .......................................................................
Nht k p cc
(T N0 .................... n N0 ............................)
Bt u.......................... Kt thc ...................
1. Loi my p cc .......................................................................................................................
2. p lc ti a ca bm du, kg/cm ..........................................................................................
3. Lu lng bm du, l/ pht .....................................................................................................
4. Din tch hu hiu ca pittng, cm .........................................................................................
5. S giy kim nh ....................................................................................................................
Cc s (theo mt bng bi cc) ...................................................................................................
1. Ngy thng p .........................................................................................................................
2. S lng v chiu di cc on cc ........................................................................................
3. Cao tuyt i ca mt t cnh cc ....................................................................................
4. Cao tuyt i ca mi cc ...................................................................................................
5. Lc p quy nh trong thit k (min, max), tn .........................................................................
Ngy, gi p

su p

Gi tr lc p

Ghi ch

K hiu on

su, m

p lc, kg/cm

Lc p, T

K thut thi cng

T vn gim st

A.6 Tng hp p cc
Tn Nh thu: ..................................................................
Cng trnh: .......................................................................
Bo co tng hp p cc
(T N0 .................... n N0 ............................)
Bt u.......................... Kt thc ...................
TT Tn cc Ngy/ca

Loi
cc

K hiu Lc p khi
on cc
dng,

su, m
Thit k Thc t

Loi
my p

Ghi ch

T
1

K thut thi cng

10

T vn gim st

Ph lc B
(Tham kho)
H hng cc b tng ct thp khi ng
Khi ng cc b tng ct thp c th xy ra cc h hng sau y c lin quan ti cng ngh
ng:
- Rn nt v st m u cc;
- C khe nt dc bt k on no trn thn cc, nhng thng c nhiu on u cc;
- Khe nt ngang thng vng u hoc gia 1/3 thn cc;
- Khe nt ngang, chuyn thnh khe nt xin 45 phn cc trn mt t.
Nguyn nhn h hng dng th nht thng do tp trung ng sut cc b do nht p ca ba
khng chnh tm, hoc do cc tm gim xung m cc khng t yu cu gy ra. Cho nn khi
thi cng ng cc cn thng xuyn kim tra ng trc ca cc, m cc v ba, trng thi
cc tm m gim xung trn v di ca m cc c bit l vung gc ca mt phng tm
m trn v mt phng u cc so vi trc cc; ng nht ca vt liu tm m di cng
nh khe h ca h ng vi cn ba. S xut hin cc vt nt dc thn cc c quan h vi
s gia tng chung ca ng sut vt qu sc bn chu nn ng ca b tng cc di tc dng
ca ti trng lp. H hng ny kh d nht l do chiu cao ri ba ln hoc tm m gim xung
qu cng. Nguyn nhn khc c th l mi cc gp t qu cng hoc chng ngi rn. Khi
s to ra sng nn phn hi cng vo vi sng nn trc din lm tng ng sut nn trong thn
cc. Ngn nga h hng ny bng cch gim chiu cao ri ba v thay cc tm m c n
hi ln hn. Thng hay dng cch thay vt liu tm m v cch ny t nh hng ti chi
ca nht ba. ng sut nn ln nht trong cc khi ng c th xc nh theo phng php trnh
by trong Ph lc C.
Khi chi ca cc b gim nhiu (nh hn 0,2 cm) do dng cc bin php trn, m cn phi h
cc ti su thit k, nn chuyn i dng ba nng hn hoc tm cch gim sc khng ca
t (khoan dn, xi nc ...).

Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy nt ngang l do thn cc b un khi mi cc b lch khi

hng xut pht v gp chng ngi hoc cn ba b lch, b lc. Nu cn ba b lch th nguyn
nhn chnh l my ch ng trn nn ln khng u. Hin din ca m men un, quan h vi
lch ca cc hoc ba ng so vi v tr ban u d dng nhn ra do cc b x v mt pha sau
khi nng ba v m cc ra ngoi. Cho nn khi ng cc cn phi theo di thng ng ca cc
theo hai phng vung gc nhau bng my trc c.
Nguyn nhn khc gy vt nt ngang l cc sng ko, c th hnh thnh trong cc khi bt u
ng, cng nh khi mi cc xuyn trong t yu hoc khi dng xi nc, khoan dn.
Sc khng ca t b yu biu hin qua chi c tr s ln, v th khi khng cho php xut hin
vt nt ngang cn phi khng ch chi ln nht trong thi gian ng cc BTCT theo di
cc nh trong Bng B.1.
Bng B.1- chi ln nht theo chiu di cc ng
Chiu di cc, m

chi ln nht, cm

n 10

T 5 n 6

T 10 n 15

T 4 n 5

T 15 n 20

T 3 n 4

Trn 20

T 2 n 3

Khi chi ln hn cc tr s nu trn cn gim chiu cao ri ba hoc dng vt liu m t

cng hn.
ng sut ko ln nht trong cc khi ng c th xc nh theo phng php trnh by trong Ph
lc C.
Vt nt xin (thng vi gc gn 45) thng xut hin do cc ni lc xon gy ra khi m cc
hoc cc b xoay, hoc do tc dng ng thi ca lc ko v xon. Du hiu ca tc dng m
men xon l xoay ca u cc so vi v tr ban u kh nng ba v m cc ra v c vt t mt
gc ca cc vo tm m g di. Khi cn phi xoay cn ba, hoc dng m cc c cu to
khng cn tr cc xoay quanh trc, hoc chuyn sang cc trn.
Ph lc C
(Tham kho)
Xc nh ng sut ng trong cc b tng ct thp khi ng
C.1 Theo Kanshin-Plutalov-Smidth
Li gii trnh by di y da trn l thuyt sng nht p c Kanshin-Plutalov-Smidth gin
lc. Thc cht ca phng php ny nh sau. Cc c chia thnh nhiu phn t cng, ni
vi nhau bng cc lin kt k n c trng bin dng ca vt liu cc. u ba, sab, m cc
c xem nh cc phn t trong h. m g gim xung mang tnh n-nht, t nn xung
quanh cc v di mi cc c tnh n-nht-do. i vi mi phn t ca h quy c ngi ta
thnh lp h phng trnh m t trng thi ca phn t trong khong thi gian rt ngn t,
xem tc ng ca cc phn t k bn v mi trng t bn ngoi ln phn t ang xt v tc
dch chuyn ca n l c nh. Bng cch gii lp tun t cc phng trnh cho tng phn t
c th xc nh ni lc bin v suy ra cc ng sut ti thi im bt k trong chu trnh nht
p. Hin nay c nhiu cng trnh nghin cu v l thuyt truyn sng c cng b trong
cc hi ngh quc t. Tuy nhin cch tnh ng sut ng bng cch tra bng vn c th p dng
cho cng tc ng cc.
Tr s ng sut ng nn, ko ln nht trong thn cc BTCT, h s b tr ct thp dc n 0,05,
do ba ng izen v ba hi n ng gy ra c th tnh theo cng thc:

trong :
n,k l ng sut nn, ko trong thn cc, tnh bng kilgam lc trn xentimt vung (kG/cm);
K l h s tin cy ly bng 1,1 cho ng sut nn v 1,3 cho ng sut ko;
K1 l h s, ph thuc vo t s trng lng phn p ca ba trn din tch tit din thc ca
cc, bng kilgam lc trn xentimt vung (kG/cm);
K2 l h s, ph thuc vo chiu cao ri tnh ton phn p ca ba, H;
K3 l h s, ph thuc vo cng ca vt liu tm m di ca m cc, K p;
K4 l h s, ph thuc vo chiu di ca cc, L, v cng tiu chun, R n ca t nn di mi
cc, tnh theo cc ch tiu cng ca t nn, theo Bng A.1 ca TCXD 205:1998 (xem Th
mc ti liu tham kho).

Tr s ca cc h s K1, K2, K3, K4 cho ba izen kiu ng cho trong cc Bng C.1 n Bng
C.4, cho ba hi n ng trong cc Bng C.5 n Bng C.8 di dng phn s, t s dng tnh
ng sut nn, mu s dng tnh ng sut ko.
Bng C.1- H s K1
Q/F, kG/cm

0,8

1,0

1,2

1,4

1,6

1,8

K1,kG/cm

13

148

161

170

178

186

73

65

58

51

45

39

Q/F, kG/cm

2,0

2,2

2,4

2,6

2,8

3,0

K1,kG/cm

193

199

205

210

215

220

33

28

23

19

16

13

Bng C.2- H s K2
Chiu cao
ri H, cm

150

175

200

225

250

275

300

K2

0,58

0,76

0,84

0,92

1,00

1,08

1,16

0,35

0,45

0,55

0,75

1,00

1,25

1,55

Bng C.3- H s K3
cng m

50

100

150

200

300

400

500

0,58

0,78

0,87

0,94

1,05

1,14

1,22

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,16

1,36

1,50

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1,29

1,35

1,41

1,47

1,52

1,57

1,62

1,60

1,67

1,72

1,76

1,80

1,83

1,85

Kp, kG/cm
K3
cng m
Kp, kG/cm
K3

Bng C.4-H s K4
Chiu di
cc,
L, m

H s K4 ng vi cng tiu chun ca t nn di mi cc Rn, T/m

1 100

800

600

400

250

150

100

50

1,03

1,03

1,02

1,02

1,01

1,01

1,00

1,00

0,44

0,44

0,88

1,10

1,37

1,65

1,93

2,58

1,02

1,01

1,01

1,00

1,00

0,99

0,98

0,98

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00

1,25

1,50

1,75

2,25

1,01

1,00

1,00

0,99

0,98

0,97

0,96

0,95

0,35

0,53

0,70

0,88

1,10

1,32

1,54

2,00

0,99

0,99

0,98

0,97

0,96

0,94

0,92

0,91

0,30

0,44

0,59

0,74

0,93

1,11

1,29

1,70

0,98

0,97

0,96

0,95

0,93

0,92

0,88

0,86

0,20

0,30

0,40

0,50

0,63

0,75

0,88

1,30

25
20
16
12
8

Bng C.5- H s K1
Q/F, kG/cm

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

4,5

5,0

K1, kG/cm

140

155

165

177

185

196

203

209

82

64

48

36

28

22

18

15

Bng C.6- H s K2
Chiu cao ri H,

20

40

60

80

100

120

0,55

0,71

0,71

1,00

1,12

1,23

0,47

0,67

0,84

1,00

1,14

1,27

cm
K2

Bng C.7- H s K3
cng m

50

100

150

200

300

400

500

0,50

0,78

0,87

0,94

1,05

1,14

1,20

0,47

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,21

1,48

1,65

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1,32

1,40

1,48

1,56

1,64

1,72

1,79

1,76

1,84

1,90

1,95

2,00

2,04

2,08

Kp, kG/cm
K3
cng m
Kp, kG/cm
K3

Bng C.8- H s K4
Chiu
di cc,
L, m
25
20
16
12
8

H s K4 ng vi cng tiu chun ca t nn di mi cc R n, T/m

1 100

800

600

400

250

150

100

50

1,04

1,03

1,03

1,02

1,02

1,01

1,01

1,01

0,52

0,78

1,04

1,30

1,56

1,82

2,03

2,40

1,03

1,02

1,02

1,01

1,01

1,01

1,00

1,00

0,47

0,70

0,94

1,17

1,41

1,64

1,87

2,20

1,02

1,02

1,01

1,00

1,00

1,00

0,99

0,99

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00

1,20

1,40

1,60

1,90

1,00

0,99

0,98

0,97

0,97

0,97

0,96

0,96

0,30

0,44

0,59

0,74

0,89

1,03

1,18

1,50

0,96

0,95

0,94

0,93

0,93

0,93

0,92

0,92

0,16

0,24

0,32

0,40

0,48

0,56

0,64

0,90

CH THCH:
1) xc nh ng sut nn ln nht khi ng bng ba izen cn theo cng thc (C.1) ring
h s K ly bng 1, cn cc h s khc nh trong Bng C.1 n Bng C.4;
2) Cc gi tr trung gian ca cc h s trong Bng C.1n Bng C.8 ly theo chia khong;
3) Tn tht nng lng trong kt cu ba ly bng 15 % cho ba ng v 10 % cho ba hi n
ng. Vi cc tn tht trong phm vi nu trn th tr s chiu cao ri ba tnh ton, H, trong Bng
C.2 v Bng C.6 trng vi chiu cao ri thc t. Khi tn tht khc cc gi tr nu trn th chiu
cao ri ba tnh ton v thc t c quan h sau:

trong :
H v H1 l chiu cao ri ba tnh ton v thc t;
m l h s tn tht nng lng thc t, trong ba ng ly t 0,8 n 0,9, trong ba hi ly t 0,7
n 0,9
m l h s tn tht nng lng tnh ton, trong ba izen ng ly bng 0,85, trong ba hi ly
bng 0,9.
4) cng ca tm m Kp tnh theo cng thc:

trong :
Ett l m un n hi tnh ton ca vt liu tm m, ly theo Bng C.9 ph thuc vo ng sut
nn cho trc ln nht, trong cc. Nu khi tnh theo cng thc (C.1) c ng sut n chnh
vi qu 10 % th phi tra bng tnh li;
Kn l h s nn cht ca vt liu tm m, ly theo Bng C.9;

lb l chiu dy ban u ca tm m trc khi nn, tnh bng xentimt (cm).

cng ca tm m nhiu lp xc nh theo cng thc:

5) Trong trng hp cn thit c th dng cng thc (C.1) gii bi ton ngc.
V D:
Cc BTCT tit din (40 x 40) cm, di 16 m ng bng ba D35 vo t st do cng(l L = 0,4) n
su 15 m. Vt liu tm m m cc l vn x th ngang hng ng. Chiu dy ban u
trc khi nn l 20 cm. s nht ba cho php trc khi i tm m l 1000. Xc nh ng sut
nn ln nht u cc v ng sut ko ln nht trong thn cc lc khi u ng vi chiu cao
ri ba l 170 cm; tnh ng sut nn ln nht u cc khi sp kt thc vi chiu cao ri 220
cm. Trng lng phn p qu ba 3 500 kG. Tng trng lng qu ba 7200 kG, trng lng
m cc 500 kG, tn tht nng lng trong ba 15 %.
1. Tnh cc thng s cn thit
a) Q / F = 3 500 / 40 / 40 = 2,2 kG/cm;
b) Lc khi u ng, sc khng ca t nn di mi cc bng tng trng lng ba, m cc
v cc chia cho din tich tit din cc:
Rn0 = (7,2 +0,5 +6,4) / 0,16 = 90 T/m;
c) Khi kt thc ng, sc khng ca t nn di mi cc (tra Bng A.1 ca TCXD 205:1998) l
Rn15 = 280 T/m.
Bng C.9- M un n hi ca tm m m cc
TT

Vt liu tm m

H s nn

M un Ett, (kG/cm) ng vi ng sut ,

Knp

kG/cm cho trc l:

50

100

150

200

250

G thng mi loi th

0,4

900

1 700

2 500

3 200

3 600

G si th vung gc vi
hng nn

0,6

2 600

3 400

4 100

4 600

4 800

Vn p

0,7

2 800

3 800

4 100

4 600

4 800

Cao su chu nhit c

xp, %:
10

1,0

1 100

2 300

3 200

3 700

3 900

15

1,0

800

1 800

2 600

3 200

3 500

20

1,0

600

1 500

2 300

2 900

3 200

25

1,0

500

1 300

2 000

2 700

3 000

2. Tnh ng sut nn ln nht u cc khi mi ng

a) Theo Bng C.1 tnh ra K1 = 199;
b) Theo Bng C.2, vi H = 170 cm, tnh ra K2 = 0,71;
c) Gi s ng sut nn = 150 kG/cm, tnh cng ca tm m vn x theo cng thc (C.3) :
Kp = 2 500 / 0,4 /20 = 312 kG/cm;
d) Theo Bng C.3 tnh ra K3 = 1,06;
e) Theo Bng C.4 tnh ra K4 = 0,96;
f) Theo cng thc (C.1) ta c ng sut nn ln nht u cc khi mi ng l:
n = 1,10 x 199x0,71 x 1,06 x 0,96 = 158 kG/cm
Tr s ny so vi tr s tm tnh = 150 kG/cm khng chnh nhau ng k, nn ly ng sut nn
l n=, 158 kG/cm
3. Tnh ng sut ko ln nht u cc khi mi ng
a) Theo Bng C.1 tnh ra K1 = 28;
b) Theo Bng C.2, vi H = 170 cm, tnh ra K2 = 0,71;

c) Theo Bng C.9, vi ng sut nn = n = 158 kG/cm, m un n hi tnh ton ca m l 2

610 kG/cm; tnh cng ca tm m vn x theo cng thc (C.3): K p = 2610 / 0,4 / 20 = 326
kG/cm;
d) Theo Bng C.3 tnh ra K3 = 1,21;
e) Theo Bng C.4 tnh ra K4 = 1,63;
f) Theo cng thc (C.1) ta c ng sut ko ln nht thn cc khi mi ng l:
k = 1,3 x 28 x 0,43 x 1,21 x 1,63 = 31 kG/cm
4. Tnh ng sut nn ln nht u cc khi sp kt thc
a) Theo Bng C.1 tnh ra K1 = 199;
b) Theo Bng C.2, vi H = 220 cm, tnh ra K2 = 0,90;
c) Gi thit ng sut nn ln nht l 200 kG/cm, theo Bng C.9 m un n hi ca g l 3 200
kG/cm; tnh cng ca tm m vn x theo cng thc(C.3): K p = 3 200 / 0,4 / 20 = 400
kG/cm;
Theo Bng C.3 tnh ra K3 = 1,14;
d) Theo Bng C.4 vi L = 16 m, Rn15 = 280 T/m tnh ra K4 = 1,0;
e) Theo cng thc (C.1) ta c ng sut nn ln nht u cc l:
n= 1,1 x 199 x 0,9 x 1,14x 1,0 = 222 kG/cm.
Tr s ny so vi tr s tm tnh = 200 kG/cm chnh nhau ng k, nn tnh li vi n = 222
kG/cm, m un n hi s l 3 640 kG/cm v cng ca tm m s l: Kp = 3 640 / 0,4 / 20
= 455 kG/cm.
f) Theo Bng C.3 tnh ra K3 = 1,14.
g) Theo cng thc (C.1) ta c ng sut nn ln nht u cc l:
n= 1,1 x 199 x 0,9 x 1,18 x 1,0 = 232 kG/cm.
C.2 Theo Broms B.B.
ng sut nn ln nht c th xc nh theo cng thc:

Trong :
n l ng sut nn ln nht trong cc tnh bng kilgam lc trn xentimt vung (kG/cm);
H l cao ri ba, tnh bng xentimt (cm);
= 0,6 i vi ba ri t do;
= 2,0 i vi ba izen;
e l h s hiu sut ba- cc, e = 0,6 cho ba ri t do v e = 0,8 cho ba izen;
F l din tch tit din cc, tnh bng xentimt vung (cm);
Ee l m un n hi, tnh bng kilgam lc trn xentimt vung (kG/cm);
l dung trng, tnh bng kilgam lc trn xentimt khi (kG/cm);
Cc k hiu h, c, p chn ca Ee , , F tng ng cho ba (hammer), m cc (cushion) v cc
(pile).
ng sut ko trong cc BTCT thng dao ng trong khong 30 % n 40 % n. Nn thit k
chng nt do ko ba cp ng sut ko l 50 kG/cm, 55 kG/cm v 60 kG/cm.
Ph lc D
(Tham kho)
Cu to m cc
M cc c vai tr rt quan trng trong cng tc thi cng cc ng, va m bo cho cc khng b
nt, v, m cn gi cho sab ca ba khng b h hi. Thng thng cc c s sn xut ba
u cung cp ng b c gin ba cng loi m cc tng ng. Tuy nhin, trong iu kin nc

ta cha ch to c dn ba, c th thay th m cc ch sn bng cch t gia cng bng hn.

Ph lc gii thiu cc thnh phn cu to chnh ca m cc c th gia cng c m cc khi
cn thit.
Khi ng cc bng ba hi n ng v ba izen kiu ng nn dng m cc dng ch H c
hoc hn c khoang trn v khoang di. Khi ng cc bng ba izen kiu cn v ba hi
song ng c th dng m cc dng ch U ch c mnh khoang di (xem Hnh D.1).
M cc phi c l tai hoc vng treo ngoc vo u ba trong t th thng ng bng cp.
Khoang trn thng c dng hnh trn su 100 mm n 150 mm cho ba hi v 200 mm n
300 mm cho ba izen. Khoang trn cha gim chn gim ti trng ng ln ba cng nh
ln chinh m cc. ng knh khoang trn thng rng hn ng knh sab ca ba khong
10 mm n 15 mm hoc khng nh hn kch c ngoi ca ba hi.
Gim chn trn thng c lm t cc loi g cng (si, thng, sn, tu, lt...) ct dc th, t
vung gc chun vi trc chinh. B dy ca tm gim chn trn ph thuc vo trng lng phn
p ca ba; vi ba izen kiu ng c trng lng phn p l 1 250, 1 800, 2 500, 3 500, 5
000 kG th chiu dy m khng nh hn tng ng l 150, 200, 200, 250, 300 mm; vi ba hi
khng nh hn 250 mm n 300 mm.
Nghim cm vic dng tm gim chn trn b gip nt, c th xy ra nht p trc tip ca
ba vo m thp.
Kch c khoang di ca m cc thng ch rng hn kch thc tit din cc 1 cm. Chiu su
khoang di khong 500 mm n 600 mm. Tm gim chn di c th lm t cc vt liu khc
nhau (xem Bng C.9 Ph lc C). B dy ca m di khi ng cc b tng ct thp ph thuc
vo vt liu m, tnh nng k thut ca ba, cc, c im t nn v xc nh nh tnh ton
(xem Ph lc C).

CH DN:
1) Ba
2) Khoang trn
3) Gim chn trn
4) Vnh trn
5) Vch ngang
6) Vnh di
7) Gim chn di
8) Khoang di

9) ai
10) L c gim chn trn
11) Li hnh chp
a) Ba izen kiu ng
b) Ba izen kiu cn
c) Ba hi n ng
d) ng cc ng
Hnh D.1- Cu to m cc
Ph lc E
(Tham kho)
Biu ghi chi ng cc
Ln o:

Ngi o:

K thut Nh thu:
Hnh E.1- Biu ghi chi cc

V d: Biu ghi chi cc ng ti nh my xi mng Nghi Sn.

T vn gim st:

CH DN: 1,2 l chi n hi; 1,3 l chi d

Hnh E.2- Biu ghi chi cc ti nh my xi mng Nghi Sn
TH MC TI LIU THAM KHO
1- TCXD 205:1998, Tiu chun thit k mng cc.
MC LC
Li ni u
1 Phm vi p dng
2 Ti liu vin dn
3 Thut ng v nh ngha
4 Quy nh chung
5 Vt liu cc
6 H cc bng ba ng v ba rung
7 H cc bng phng php p tnh
8 Gim st v nghim thu
9 An ton lao ng
Ph lc A (tham kho) Bin bn h cc
Ph lc B (Tham kho) H hng cc b tng ct thp khi ng
Ph lc c (Tham kho) Xc nh ng sut ng trong cc BTCT khi ng
Ph lc D (Tham kho) cu to m cc
Ph lc E (Tham kho) Biu ghi chi ng cc
Th mc ti liu tham kho