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Giao Trinh Van Cong Nghiep Nguyen Thanh Son
Giao Trinh Van Cong Nghiep Nguyen Thanh Son
NI DUNG
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VN HNH VAN:.............................................................................................................. 35
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Cn van (stem)
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Hnh trn l mt lai van c cn chuyn ng khc. Np van c to ren pha trong.
Phn ren ca np van v cn van n khp vi nhau. u trn ca cn van c ni vi
tay quay bng mi ni khng chuyn ng. Khi cn van chuyn ng ln hay xung th
tay quay v ca van cng chuyn ng theo.
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Ca van cng c nhiu dng iu tit khc nhau. Loi thng dng nht l ca lin l
ch to ch c c mt tm.
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S i hng dng chy ny to nn s cun xoy v p sut ca dng chy qua van
cng b gim nhiu hn, do nng lng i hi chuyn cht lng qua van iu
tit cng ln hn. Trong van iu tit phn y ca ca van nm song song vi hng
ca dng chy. Trong van ca, lc ma st gia vng lm kn v van ch c chm dt
khi van c m hon ton. Cn trong van iu tit ca van khng trt dc theo b
mt ca vng lm kn, do vy mi tip xc gia ca van v vng lm kn s chm dt
khi bt u c dng chy.
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Hng dng chy qua van dng ny b thay i t hn so vi van iu tit thng
thng nn xoy ca dng chy v s st p i qua van cng t hn.
Thit k ca van
Ca van ca van iu tit cng c nhiu dng thit k khc nhau. Loi thng dng nht
l dng nt. Loi ny c dng cn phn di.
Hnh trn m t dng ca nt thao tc nhanh khi thc hin vic ng hay m dng
chy ch cn nhng chuyn ng nh ca cn van. Loi ny thng dng trong qu
trnh ng hay m dng chy .
Cc van iu tit c ca van dng nt thng c nhiu kiu thit k khc nhau
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3.
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Phn iu chnh dng chy (ca van) ca loi van ny c dng nt. Ca van c ch
to bng kim loi v c khe h xuyn sut ca van cho dng chy i qua. V tr ca van
c iu chnh bng vic vn tay quay.
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4.
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5.
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Van bm c ca l mt tm kim loi lin v c th xoay 90o trong chu vi vng lm kn.
T l dng chy c iu chnh bng vic thay i gc ca ca van.
Van bm c th c vn hnh bng tay quay hay tay vn. Trong c hai trng hp
ny u cn c thang ch v tr ca ca van trong vn hnh.
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Loi van ny dng mt mng ngn bng cht do c tnh n hi iu chnh dng
chy vt cht. Mng ngn ny c cht ni vi cht y. Cht y ny chuyn ng ln
xung nh cn van. Khi cht y c h xung th n s nn mng ngn cht vo
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7.
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Khi xut hin dng chy t im A sang B, lc ca dng chy s nng van ny ln khi
v tr ng. Khi khng c dng chy na th t trng ca ca van s ko n li v tr ng.
Loi van ny c lp t hot ng v tr ng.
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8.
VAN AN TON:
Van an ton l mt c cu van dng t ng x kh, hi t trong l hi, bn
cha p sut hoc nhng h thng khc khi p sut hoc nhit vt qa gii
hn cho php ci t trc . Chng thng c gi mt tn thng dng l
van x p sut (pressure relief valves), van x p sut v nhit (T&P valves or
temperature and pressure relief valves).
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9.
VN HNH VAN:
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Khi ng van nhanh chng, dng chy trong ng ng bt thnh lnh b chn li, p
sut tng ln t ngt, nu nh p sut ny ln n s gy h hi cho van v ng
dn. Hin tng ny c gi l s va chm thy lc. Khi van b tc ng ca p sut
cao thng rt kh m.
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loi van c cn van chuyn ng, bi hay cc vt cht khc c th bm vo phn ren
ca cn van l ra ngoi lm cho kh khn trong vic vn hnh v mi mn cn van. Do
vy phi gi sch v bi trn phn ren ca cn van l ra ngoi. Trong mt s loi van
i hi phi bi trn c pha trong.
Cc van loi ny thng c l np du hoc m bi trn. i vi cc van nt cht bi
trn cn c tc dng nh mt mng lm kn gia ca van v thn van. Nhng loi van
ny i hi phi bi trn thng xuyn. Mt s loi van cn phi c loi du m bi
trn ring bit.
Tt c cc van thit k c cn van u c khoang lm kn, vt liu bt kn c nhi y
trong khoang ny. Mi khoang lm kn u c vt liu bt kn theo kch c ring ca n.
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L loi van t ng iu chnh v tr ca van thng qua thit b iu khin. Nhiu loi
van iu khin bng tay c th lp t thm c cu dn ng vo thn van tr
thnh van iu khin.
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Hnh v trn m t loi thn c mt ca. Loi ny thng c s dng nhiu v chng
r tin, t phi bo dng v mc r r thp hn. Nhng loi ny cng c nhc
im l p sut ca dng ch tc ng vo mt mt ca van gy kh khn cho nh v.
Van hai ca c u im l lu lng dng chy qua van ln hn loi mt ca nu nh
c cng kch c. Loi van hai ca cn bng c p sut tc dng ln hai hng do
vic nh v n d dng hn loi mt ca. V c tnh ny nn van hai ca rt ph hp
cho vic iu tit dng chy.
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