Status of Non-communicable Diseases

in India in Global Context

Seminar on Nutrition & Lifestyle for
Emerging NCD Challenges
26th April 2012
Dr. Damodar Bachani
Director Professor & Head, Community Medicine,
Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi

DiseaseBurdenduetoNCDs

MortalityestimatesduetoNCDs
Globallyalldeaths(2005)
58million*
GloballydeathsduetoNCD(2005) 35million*
(60.3%)
AlldeathsinIndia(2004)
DeathsduetoNCDsinIndia(2004)
*Source:WHO
#Source:ICMR

10.3million#
5.2million#
(50.5%)

PercentageofNCDdeaths,bycausein
WHORegions,2008
100%

Other NCDs

% of Death

80%

Diabetes

60%

Respiratory
diseases

40%

Cancers

20%

Cardiovascular
diseases

Source: WHO global Health observatory 2011 http://apps.who.int/ghodata/

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Four major NCDs

cause 80% of deaths
due to NCDs in all
WHO Regions

Distribution of deaths by major cause-India

2001-2003
Others
9.9% (N=11,242)
Injuries
9.6%
(N=10,890)

Noncommunicable
disease
42.4%
(N=48,170)

Communicable
disease, maternal
& perinatal
conditions,
nutritional
deficiencies
38.2%
(N=43,390)

Deaths due to NCDs outnumber deaths due to

communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal
causes and nutritional conditions combined

Source: RGI-CGHR Million Death Study

Distribution of deaths by major cause among

men and women, India: 2001-03

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Com m unicable,
m aternal,
perinatal and
nutritional
conditions

Non
com m unicable
dis eas es

Male

Among men, NCDs cause majority of deaths

whereas ; among women, communicable
diseases along with maternal and child
health and nutritional conditions are leading
causes of deaths closely followed by NCDs

Injuries

Sym ptom s , s igns

and ill defined
conditions

Fem ale

Source: RGI-CGHR Million Death Study

Causes of Death (%) in Urban Population (25 to 69 years)

India: 2001-2003
Cardiovascular Diseases

17
32.8

Malignant & other

Neoplasms
COPD, Asthma & other
Respiratory Diseases
Diabetes Mellitus

4.3
Motor vehicle accidents
7.7

Unintentional Injuries

3.3

Digestive Diseases

5.8

Genito-urinary diseases
3.6

11.3

3.7
2.8

7.7

4 major NCDs- Cardiovascular diseases, Malignant &

other Neoplasms, COPD, Asthma & other respiratory
diseases & Diabetes Mellitus contributes to 55% of the
total reported deaths in urban area

Tuberculosis
Symptoms, signs & ill
defined conditions
Other causes

Source :Special Survey of Deaths,

Registrar General of India

Causes of Death (%) in Rural Population (25 to 69 years)

India: 2001-2003
Cardiovascular Diseases

19.6

COPD, Asthma, other

Respiratory Diseases

22.9

Malignant & other

Neoplasms
Unintentional Injuries
Intentional Self harm

5.5

Digestive Diseases
5.5

10.9

3.1

Tuberculosis
Malaria
Diarrhoeal Diseases

10.7

8.9
4.9

3.1

4.9

Symptoms, signs & ill

defined conditions
Other Causes

3 major NCDs-Cardiovascular diseases,

COPD, Asthma & other respiratory diseases,
Malignant & other Neoplasms contributes to
43% of the total reported deaths in rural area

Source :Special Survey of Deaths,

Registrar General of India

DiseaseBurdenduetoNCDs
More than 20% of the population have at
least one chronic disease
More than 10% have more than one
chronic disease

CurrentStatus&FutureTrendson
KeyNCDsinIndia
Diseases

Existing Burden and Trends

Cancer

28 lakh (2010); Incidence 10 lakh in a year;

20-25% increase in 5 years
2.9 crore (2000);
Expected to rise to 6.4 crore by 2015
20 lakh

Cardiovascular Diseases
Stroke
Diabetes
Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic Lung Disease
Mental Disorders

5.1 crore (2010);

Expected to rise to 8 crore by 2030
Incidence of End Stage Renal Disease /year =
175/ million population
Burden: 3.9 crore
6-7% of population;
1-2% have severe mental disorders;

RiskFactors&
DeterminantsofNCDs

NCD:FromRiskFactorstoDisease
Evidence,Policy,Action,Partnership

Behavioural
Risk Factors

Tobacco use
Unhealthy Diet
Alcohol
Phys. Inactivity

Intermediate
Risk Factors
Raised BP
High BMI
Dyslipidemia

Endpoints

CVD
Cancers
COPD
Diabetes

Raised blood
glucose

Determinants and Facilitators

Social
Age

Economic
Gender

Cultural

Environmental
Genes

ThefourmajorNCDsarecausedbyfourcommon
lifestylerelatedriskfactorstobaccouse,unhealthy
diet,physicalinactivityandharmfuluseofalcohol
Shared Risk Factors
NCDs

Tobacco
use

Unhealthy
diets

Physical
inactivity

Harmful use
of alcohol

Cardiovascular
diseases

Diabetes (Type II)

Cancer

Chronic respiratory
disease

DeathscausedbyNCDRiskFactorsinIndia

Disease Prevention and Health Promotion

MI

HT

COPD

CHD
DIABETES
STROKE

OVERWEIGHT
SMOKING
ALCOHOL
UNHEALTHY DIET
ENVIRON. POLLUTION
PHYSICAL
INACTIVITY

Social Determinants

Hit the Route & Trunk, branches will fall automatically