B THNG TIN V TRUYN THNG

CC VIN THNG
--------------

THUYT MINH
D THO QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA V CHNH XC
H THNG GHI CC CA MNG IN THOI C NH V
DI NG MT T CNG CNG

H NI - 2013

MC LC
1

Gii thiu Quy chun...................................................................................3

1.1

Tn Quy chun.............................................................................................3

1.2

Mc tiu........................................................................................................3

L do, mc ch v phm vi xy dng quy chun........................................3

2.1

L do xy dng quy chun...........................................................................3

2.2

Mc ch xy dng tiu chun.....................................................................3

2.3

Phm vi xy dng quy chun.......................................................................4

Gii thiu v mng vin thng Vit Nam.....................................................4

3.1

Mng vin thng truyn thng.....................................................................4

3.2

S lc mng vin thng Vit Nam.............................................................6

3.3

Mng vin thng th h mi.......................................................................10

3.3.1

Tng quan...........................................................................................10

3.3.2

S chuyn i t mng hin c ln NGN...........................................11

3.3.3

Cu trc chc nng ca mng NGN...................................................12

3.3.4

Cu trc vt l ca mng NGN...........................................................13

3.4

H thng ghi cc tng i........................................................................18

3.4.1

Thit b ghi cc trong tng i..........................................................18

3.4.2

Bn tin ghi cc CDR (Call Detail Record).......................................18

3.4.3 Th tc thit lp cuc gi/phin lm vic, phng thc ghi cc v

cch o nh gi chnh xc ghi cc.....................................................20
4

Cc quy nh v kim nh trong lnh vc thng tin v truyn thng........21

4.1

Lut Vin thng..........................................................................................21

4.2 Ngh nh Quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut

Vin thng............................................................................................................21
4.3

Quy nh v kim nh trong lnh vc thng tin v truyn thng..............22

R sot, tng hp tnh hnh tiu chun ha trong v ngoi nc...............24

5.1

Tnh hnh tiu chun ho trong nc..........................................................24

5.1.1 Cc tiu chun, quy chun c lin quan vn o lng tnh gi cc

vin thng...................................................................................................24
1

5.2

Tnh hnh tiu chun ha ngoi nc.........................................................24

5.2.1

T chc ETSI......................................................................................24

5.2.2

T chc ITU........................................................................................25

5.2.3

Tiu chun ca c/New Zealand........................................................25

5.2.4

Ti liu v tiu chun ca Anh............................................................26

5.2.5

Tiu chun ca Hng Kng.................................................................26

5.2.6

Cc tiu chun v giao thc bo hiu ca IETF.................................27

5.3

Nhn xt......................................................................................................28

S c xy dng quy chun.........................................................................28

6.1

Tiu ch la chn s c chnh.....................................................................28

6.2 M hnh qun l, tiu chun cht lng h thng ghi cc v tnh cc ca
cc t chc quc t v mt s nc.....................................................................28
6.2.1

Cc khuyn ngh ca cc t chc quc t...........................................28

6.2.2

Kho st v qun l cht lng tnh cc ca mt s nc...............28

6.2.3

M hnh qun l cht lng tnh cc ca c v Hong Kong...........30

6.3

Phn tch ti liu.........................................................................................37

6.3.1

Phn tch cc ch tiu nh gi chnh xc ghi cc.......................37

6.3.2

Phng php o kim, nh gi h thng ghi cc............................39

6.3.3

Bi o chnh xc ghi cc..............................................................43

6.4

Kt lun......................................................................................................48

6.5

Hnh thc thc hin....................................................................................49

Cch thc xy dng quy chun k thut....................................................49

7.1

Tn b quy chun k thut.........................................................................49

7.2

B cc ca b quy chun k thut..............................................................49

7.3

Cch bin son bn D tho b Quy chun k thut..................................49

7.4

i chiu gia ti liu tham kho v bn d tho b Quy chun k thut.50

Ti liu tham kho...............................................................................................52

1
2 Gii thiu Quy chun
2.1 Tn Quy chun
Quy chun k thut quc gia v chnh xc h thng ghi cc ca mng in
thoi c nh v di ng mt t cng cng".
2.2 Mc tiu
Quy chun k thut quc gia quy nh v chnh xc h thng ghi cc v
phng php o, nh gi chnh xc h thng ghi cc ca mng in thoi c
nh v di ng mt t cng cng.
3

L do, mc ch v phm vi xy dng quy chun

3.1 L do xy dng quy chun

Quy chun ny lm c s trin khai thc hin Lut vin thng v cc vn
bn php quy hng dn di Lut.
Lut Vin thng c ban hnh, c hiu lc thi hnh k t ngy 01 thng 7
nm 2010 quy nh: Doanh nghip vin thng trc khi a cc thit b mng,
thit b o lng tnh gi cc thuc Danh mc thit b vin thng bt buc kim
nh vo hot ng phi thc hin vic kim nh.
3.2 Mc ch xy dng tiu chun
Vic xy dng quy chun k thut quc gia v chnh xc h thng ghi
cc ca tng i c nh v di ng mng vin thng cng cng l rt cn thit
nhm mc ch:
Phc v cho cng tc qun l cht lng, c th l Kim nh thit b vin

thng v i v tuyn in.

Thng qua vic kim nh h thng ghi cc ca tng i c nh v di ng

mng vin thng cng cng khng nh vic ghi cc ca cc doanh nghip
cung cp dch v l chnh xc, ng v y , nhm m bo quyn li cho
khch hng v ngi s dng, cng ng thi nng cao uy tn ca doanh
nghip, nng cao kh nng cnh tranh trn th trng.
Lin quan n vn ghi cc v tnh cc ca dch v in thoi c nh v

di ng c cp n trong cc tiu chun ngnh TCN 68-176: 2006,

TCN 68-186: 2006 v c chuyn i thnh quy chun quc gia QCVN
35:2010/BTTTT v QCVN 36:2010/BTTTT. Theo quy nh v qun l cht
lng dch v th cc ch tiu trong cc quy chun QCVN 35:2010/BTTTT v
3

QCVN 36:2010/BTTTT phi c kim tra nh k hng nm. Theo quy nh

ti Thng t s 17/2011/TT-BTTTT vic kim nh v cp giy chng nhn
kim nh cho h thng ghi cc c gi tr trong 5 nm. Vic r sot cc ch
tiu cht lng dch v c kt hp vi vic cp nht cc cng ngh mi ca
mng li, cc tiu chun v khuyn ngh ca quc t xy dng quy chun
ny.
3.3 Phm vi xy dng quy chun
Xy dng quy chun quy nh mc gii hn cc ch tiu chnh xc h
thng ghi cc ca mng in thoi c nh v di ng mng mt t cng cng
cho dch v in thoi theo phng thc quay s trc tip. Quy chun ny khng
quy nh vic tnh cc cho cc dch v gi tr gia tng, SMS, dch v truyn d
liu data hay cc dch v phi thoi khc.
4 Gii thiu v mng vin thng Vit Nam
4.1 Mng vin thng truyn thng
Mng vin thng l mt h thng gm cc nt chuyn mch c ni vi
nhau bng cc ng truyn dn. Nt c phn thnh nhiu cp v kt hp vi
cc ng truyn dn to thnh cc cp mng khc nhau.

GW: Gateway Tng i quc t

TE: Transit Exchange Tng i chuyn tip quc gia
HLE: Host Local Exchange Tng i ni ht
RLE: Remote Local Exchange Tng i xa (Tng i v tinh)
Sub: Subscriber Thu bao
Hnh 1. Cu hnh mng c bn
Mng vin thng hin nay c chia thnh nhiu loi. l mng li,
mng sao, mng tng hp, mng vng kn v mng thang. Cc mng ny c u
im v nhc im khc nhau ph hp vi cc c im ca tng vng a l
4

(trung tm, hi o, bin gii) hay vng lu lng (lu lng thoi cao,
thp)

Hnh 2. Cu trc mng phn cp

PSTN (Public Switching Telephone Network) l mng chuyn mch cng

cng. PSTN phc v thoi v bao gm hai loi tng i: tng i ni ht
(cp 5), v tng i tandem (tng i qu giang ni ht, cp 4). Tng i
tandem c ni vo tng i Toll gim mc phn cp. Phng php
nng cp cc tandem l b sung cho mi nt mt ATM core s cung cp
dch v bng rng cho thu bao, ng thi hp nht cc mng s liu hin
nay vo mng chung ISDN. Cc tng i cp 4 v cp 5 l cc tng i loi
ln. Cc tng i ny c kin trc tp trung, cu trc phn mm v phn
5

cng c quyn.
Mng di ng GSM (Global System for Mobile Telecom) l mng cung cp
dch v thoi tng t nh PSTN nhng qua ng truy nhp v tuyn.
Mng ny chuyn mch da trn cng ngh ghp knh phn thi gian v
cng ngh ghp knh phn tn s. Cc thnh phn c bn ca mng ny l:
BSC (Base Station Controller), BTS (Base Transfer Station), HLR (Home
Location Register), VLR (Visitor Location Register) v MS (Mobile
Subscriber).
Hin nay, cc nh cung cp dch v thu c li nhun phn ln t cc dch
v nh leased line, Frame Relay, ATM, v cc dch v kt ni c bn. Tuy nhin
xu hng gim li nhun t cc dch v ny bt buc cc nh khai thc phi tm
dch v mi da trn IP m bo li nhun lu di. VPN l mt hng i ca
cc nh khai thc. Cc dch v da trn nn IP cung cp kt ni gia mt nhm
cc user xuyn qua mng h tng cng cng. VPN c th p ng cc nhu cu ca
khch hng bng cc kt ni dng any-to-any, cc lp a dch v, cc dch v gi
thnh qun l thp, ring t, tch hp xuyn sut cng vi cc mng
Intranet/Extranet. Mt nhm cc user trong Intranet v Extranet c th hot ng
thng qua mng c nh tuyn IP. Cc mng ring o c chi ph vn hnh thp
hn hn so vi mng ring trn phng tin qun l, bng thng v dung lng.
Hiu mt cch n gin, VPN l mt mng m rng t qun nh mt s la chn
c s h tng ca mng WAN. VPN c th lin kt cc user thuc mt nhm kn
hay gia cc nhm khc nhau. VPN c nh ngha bng mt ch qun l.
Cc thu bao VPN c th di chuyn n mt kt ni mm do tri di t mng cc
b n mng hon chnh. Cc thu bao ny c th dng trong cng (Intranet) hoc
khc (Extranet) t chc.
4.2 S lc mng vin thng Vit Nam
Cu trc mng
V cu trc mng, mng vin thng ca Vit Nam hin nay chia thnh 3
cp: cp quc t, cp quc gia, cp ni tnh/thnh ph.
Xt v kha cnh cc chc nng ca cc h thng thit b trn mng th mng vin
thng bao gm: mng chuyn mch, mng truy nhp, mng truyn dn v cc
mng chc nng.
Mng chuyn mch
Mng chuyn mch c 4 cp (da trn cc cp tng i chuyn mch): qu
giang quc t, qu giang ng di, ni tnh v ni ht. Ring ti thnh ph H
Ch Minh c thm cp qu giang ni ht.
6

Hin nay, mng VNPT c cc trung tm chuyn mch quc t v chuyn

mch quc gia H Ni, Nng, Thnh ph H Ch Minh. Mng ca cc vin
thng tnh cng ang pht trin m rng. Nhiu tnh, thnh ph xut hin cc cu
trc mng vi nhiu tng i Host, cc thnh ph ln nh H Ni, Thnh ph H
Ch Minh v ang trin khai cc Tandem ni ht.
Mng vin thng ca VNPT hin ti c chia lm 5 cp, trong tng lai s
c gim t 5 cp xung 4 cp. Mng ny do cc thnh vin ca VNPT iu
hnh: l VTI, VTN v cc vin thng tnh. VTI qun l cc tng i chuyn
mch qu giang quc t, VTN qun l cc tng i chuyn mch qu giang ng
di ti 3 trung tm H Ni, Nng v TP.HCM. Phn cn li do cc vin thng
tnh qun l.
Cc loi tng i c trn mng vin thng Vit Nam: A1000E ca Alcatel,
NEAX61S ca NEC, AXE10 ca Ericsson, EWSD ca Siemens.
Cc cng ngh chuyn mch c s dng: chuyn mch knh (PSTN), X.25
relay, ATM (s liu).
Nhn chung, mng chuyn mch ti Vit Nam cn nhiu cp v vic iu
khin b phn tn trong mng (iu khin nm ti cc tng i).
Mng bo hiu
Hin nay, trn mng vin thng Vit Nam s dng c hai loi bo hiu R2
v SS7. Mng bo hiu s 7 (SS7) c a vo khai thc ti Vit Nam theo
chin lc trin khai t trn xung di theo tiu chun ca ITU (khai thc th
nghim t nm 1995 ti VTN v VTI). Cho n nay, mng bo hiu s 7 hnh
thnh vi mt cp STP (im chuyn mch bo hiu) ti 3 trung tm (H Ni,
Nng, TP. H Ch Minh) ca 3 khu vc (Bc, Trung, Nam) v phc v kh
hiu qu.
Bo hiu cho PSTN ta c R2 v SS7, i vi mng truyn s liu qua IP c
H.323, i vi ISDN c bo hiu knh D, Q.931

Hnh 3. Mng bo hiu Vit Nam

Trong bo hiu s 7, cc bn tin cha ng ton b thng tin v cuc gi v cc
thit b lin quan. C th, trong bn tin IAM ca phn ISUP, c cha ng thng
tin v s ch gi v s b gi, phng thc tnh cc gia hai tng i, .

Lu sau m t qu trnh thit lp mt cuc thoi gia tng i A v tng i B

vi 2 tnh hung : thnh cng v khng thnh cng.

Thi gian m thoi c xc nh t thi im tng i A nhn c bn tin

ANM n thi im A gi bn tin REL.
Mng ng b
Mng ng b ca VNPT thc hin xy dng giai on 1 v giai on 2
vi ba ng h ch PRC ti H Ni, Nng, TP. H Ch Minh v mt s ng
h th cp SSU. Mng ng b Vit Nam hot ng theo nguyn tc ch t c d
phng, bao gm 4 cp, hai loi giao din chuyn giao tn hiu ng b ch yu l
2 MHz v 2 Mb/s. Pha 3 ca qu trnh pht trin mng ng b ang c trin
khai nhm nng cao hn na cht lng mng v cht lng dch v.
Cc cp ca mng ng b c phn thnh 4 cp nh sau:
1. Cp 0: cp ng h ch.
2. Cp 1: cp nt quc t v nt quc gia.
3. Cp 2: cp nt ni ht.
4. Cp 3: cp nt ni ht.
Mng c phn thnh 3 vng c lp, mi vng c 2 ng h mu, mt
ng h chnh (Cesium) v mt ng h d phng (GSP). Cc ng h ny c
t ti trung tm ca 3 vng v c iu chnh theo phng thc cn ng b.
Cc tng i quc t v Toll trong vng c iu khin bi ng h ch
theo phng php ch t.

Cc tng i Tandem v Host ti cc tnh hot ng bm theo cc tng i

Toll theo phng php ch t. Cc tng i huyn (RSS) cng hot ng bm
theo cc Host theo phng php ch t.
4.3 Mng vin thng th h mi
4.3.1 Tng quan
Mng vin thng th h mi c nhiu tn gi khc nhau nh:
- Mng a dch v (cung cp nhiu loi dch v khc nhau)
- Mng hi t (h tr cho c lu lng thoi v d liu, cu trc mng hi t)
- Mng phn phi (phn phi tnh thng minh cho mi phn t trong mng)
- Mng nhiu lp (mng c phn phi ra nhiu lp mng c chc nng c lp
nhng h tr nhau thay v mt khi thng nht nh trong mng TDM).
Cho ti hin nay, mc d cc t chc vin thng quc t v cc nh cung
cp thit b vin thng trn th gii u rt quan tm v nghin cu v chin lc
pht trin NGN nhng vn cha c mt nh ngha c th v chnh xc no cho
mng NGN. Do , nh ngha mng NGN nu ra y khng bao hm ht mi
chi tit v mng th h mi, nhng n c th l khi nim tng i chung nht
khi cp n NGN.
Bt ngun t s pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin, cng ngh chuyn
mch gi v cng ngh truyn dn bng rng, mng thng tin th h mi (NGN)
ra i l mng c c s h tng thng tin duy nht da trn cng ngh chuyn
mch gi, trin khai cc dch v mt cch a dng v nhanh chng, p ng s
hi t gia thoi v s liu, gia c nh v di ng.
Nh vy, c th xem mng thng tin th h mi l s tch hp mng thoi
PSTN, ch yu da trn k thut TDM, vi mng chuyn mch gi, da trn k
thut IP/ATM. N c th truyn ti tt c cc dch v vn c ca PSTN ng thi
cng c th nhp mt lng d liu rt ln vo mng IP, nh c th gim nh
gnh nng ca PSTN.
NGN l mng chuyn mch gi, giao thc thng nht. Mng thng tin hin
nay, d l mng vin thng, mng my tnh hay mng truyn hnh cp, u khng
th ly mt trong cc mng lm nn tng xy dng c s h tng thng tin.
Nhng my nm gn y, cng vi s pht trin ca cng ngh IP, ngi ta mi
nhn thy r rng l mng vin thng, mng my tnh v mng truyn hnh cp
cui cng ri cng tch hp trong mt mng IP thng nht, l xu th ln m
ngi ta thng gi l dung hp ba mng. Giao thc IP lm cho cc dch v ly
IP lm c s u c th thc hin ni thng cc mng khc nhau; con ngi ln
10

u tin c c giao thc thng nht m ba mng ln u c th chp nhn

c; t c s vng chc v mt k thut cho h tng c s thng tin quc gia
(NII).
Giao thc IP thc t tr thnh giao thc ng dng vn nng v bt u
c s dng lm c s cho cc mng a dch v, mc d hin ti vn cn th
bt li so vi cc chuyn mch knh v mt kh nng h tr lu lng thoi v
cung cp cht lng dch v m bo cho s liu. Tc i mi nhanh chng
trong th gii Internet, m n c to iu kin bi s pht trin ca cc tiu
chun m s sm khc phc nhng thiu st ny.

Hnh 4. Topo mng th h sau

Cng ngh chuyn mch: Chuyn mch l mt thnh phn trong lp mng
chuyn ti ca cu trc NGN nhng c nhng thay i ln v mt cng ngh so
vi cc thit b chuyn mch TDM trc y. Cng ngh chuyn mch ca mng
th h mi l IP, ATM, ATM/IP hay MPLS th hin nay vn cha xc nh r, tuy
nhin, ni chung l da trn cng ngh chuyn mch gi, cho php hot ng vi
nhiu tc v dch v khc nhau da trn cc giao thc khc nhau.
4.3.2 S chuyn i t mng hin c ln NGN
Trong nhiu nm gn y, nn cng nghip Vin thng vn ang trn tr v
vn pht trin cng ngh cn bn no v dng mng g h tr cc nh khai
thc trong bi cnh Lut vin thng ang thay i nhanh chng, cnh tranh ngy
cng gia tng mnh m. Mng th h mi (hay cn gi l mng th h tip theo NGN) ra i cng vi vic ti kin trc mng, tn dng tt c cc u th v cng
ngh tin tin nhm a ra nhiu dch v mi, mang li ngun thu mi, gp phn
gim chi ph khai thc v u t ban u cho cc nh kinh doanh.
11

Mt chin lc pht trin nhp nhng t mng hin ti sang kin trc
mng mi l rt quan trng nhm gim thiu yu cu u t trong giai on
chuyn tip, trong khi sm tn dng c nhng phm cht ca mng NGN. Tuy
nhin, bt k bc i no trong tin trnh chuyn tip ny cng cn to iu kin
d dng hn cho mng rt cuc vn pht trin sang kin trc NGN da trn
chuyn mch gi. Bt c gii php no c chn la th cc h thng chuyn
mch truyn thng cng s phi tn ti bn cnh cc phn t mng cng ngh mi
trong nhiu nm ti.
S pht trin ca mng hu tuyn da trn cng ngh IP:

Hnh 5. Mng hu tuyn da trn cng ngh IP

Con ng pht trin ca cc mng hin ti l to ra mt mng chuyn
mch gi bn cnh mng PSTN h tr thoi cng nh s liu, v cu hnh
vn hnh nh mt chuyn mch qu giang khc. lm c vic ny, iu cn
thit i vi mng chuyn mch gi l phi truyn thng c vi PSTN nh s
dng bo hiu SS7.
4.3.3 Cu trc chc nng ca mng NGN
Cho n nay, mng th h sau vn l xu hng pht trin mi, cha c mt
khuyn ngh chnh thc no ca Lin minh Vin thng th gii ITU v cu trc
ca n. Nhiu hng vin thng ln a ra m hnh cu trc mng th h mi
nh Alcatel, Ericssion, Nortel, Siemens, Lucent, NEC, Huawei Bn cnh vic
a ra nhiu m hnh cu trc mng NGN khc nhau v km theo l cc gii php
12

mng cng nh nhng sn phm thit b mi khc nhau. Cc hng a ra cc m

hnh cu trc tng i r rng v cc gii php mng kh c th l Alcatel,
Siemens, Ericsson.
Nhn chung t cc m hnh ny, cu trc mng mi c c im chung l
bao gm cc lp chc nng sau:
- Lp nt ni (Access + Transport/ Core)
- Lp trung gian hay lp truyn thng (Media)
- Lp iu khin (Control)
- Lp qun l (Management)
Trong cc lp trn, lp iu khin hin nay ang rt phc tp vi nhiu loi
giao thc, kh nng tng thch gia cc thit b ca hng l vn ang c
cc nh khai thc quan tm.
4.3.4 Cu trc vt l ca mng NGN
4.3.4.1 Cu trc vt l

Hnh 6. Cu trc vt l mng NGN

13

4.3.4.2 Cc thnh phn mng v chc nng

Hnh 7. Cc thnh phn chnh ca mng NGN

Trong mng vin thng th h mi c rt nhiu thnh phn cn quan tm,
nhng y ta ch nghin cu nhng thnh phn chnh th hin r nt s tin tin
ca NGN so vi mng vin thng truyn thng. C th l:
1. Media Gateway (MG)
2. Media Gateway Controller (MGC - Call Agent - Softswitch)
3. Signaling Gateway (SG)
4. Media Server (MS)
5. Application Server (Feature Server)
Lin quan trc tip n x l, thit lp cuc gi, qun l lu lng, qun l
bo hiu, tnh cc l khi MGC. MGC l n v chc nng chnh ca
Softswitch. N a ra cc quy lut x l cuc gi, cn MG v SG s thc hin
cc quy lut . N iu khin SG thit lp v kt thc cuc gi. Ngoi ra n cn
giao tip vi h thng OSS v BSS.
MGC chnh l chic cu ni gia cc mng c c tnh khc nhau, nh
PSTN, SS7, mng IP. N chu trch nhim qun l lu lng thoi v d liu qua
cc mng khc nhau. MGC cn c gi l Call Agent do chc nng iu khin
cc bn tin. Mt MGC kt hp vi MG, SG to thnh cu hnh ti thiu cho
Softswitch.

14

Hnh 8. Cu trc ca Softswitch

Cc chc nng ca Media Gateway Controller
- Qun l cuc gi
- Cc giao thc thit lp cuc gi thoi: H.323, SIP
- Giao thc iu khin truyn thng: MGCP, Megaco, H.248
- Qun l lp dch v v cht lng dch v
- Giao thc qun l SS7: SIGTRAN (SS7 over IP)
- X l bo hiu SS7
- Qun l cc bn tin lin quan QoS nh RTCP
- Thc hin nh tuyn cuc gi
- Ghi li cc thng tin chi tit ca cuc gi tnh cc (CDR- Call Detail
Record)
- iu khin qun l bng thng
- i vi Media Gateway:
Xc nh v cu hnh thi gian thc cho cc DSP
Phn b knh DS0
Truyn dn thoi (m ha, nn, ng gi)
- i vi Signalling Gateway, MGC cung cp:

Cc loi SS7
Cc b x l thi gian
15

 Cu hnh kt ni
M ca nt mng hay thng tin cu hnh
- ng k Gatekeeper
Cc thnh phn mng ca NGN lin lc vi nhau qua cc giao thc c
th hin trong hnh sau:

Hnh 9. Cc giao thc gia cc thnh phn

SIP: Session Initiation Protocol
SIGTRAN: Signaling Transport Protocol
MGCP: Media Gateway Controller Protocol
Megaco: MEdia GAteway COntroller Protocol
ENUM: E.164 Number (IETF)
TRIP: Telephony Routing over IP (IETF)
Chc nng ca thit b chuyn mch NGN (MGC) c xy dng trn cc
phn mm ng dng v cc giao thc Middleware tiu chun, c bn gm hai
tng chnh: tng cung cp dch v v tng iu khin. Nm gia hai tng ny l
cc chc nng qun l thu bao, iu khin cuc gi, tnh cc.

16

Hnh di y m t chi tit cc khi chc nng ca thit b MGC dnh cho vic
cung cp dch v thoi. Chc nng tnh cc c phn chia nm trong khi
SBC.

Hnh 10. M t chi tit cc khi chc nng ca thit b MGC

17

4.4 H thng ghi cc tng i

4.4.1 Thit b ghi cc trong tng i
Thit b ghi cc trong cc h thng chuyn mch ni chung gm 2 phn
chnh: khi chc nng ghi cc v thit b lu tr s liu. Khi chc nng ghi
cc c tch hp trong cc chc nng qun l ca h thng, v d trong mt s
tng i NGN, chc nng ghi cc c t trong khi SBC (Session Border
Controller).
Trong mi mt tng i thng c mt phn h con ph trch vic ghi
cc, tn phn t ny ty thuc nh cung cp thit b tng i cho nn thit b ghi
cc l do nh cung cp thit b quy nh. Thit b ghi cc cng nhiu dng:
bng t, a t, a quang, file trn PC... cn tu vo dung lng h thng chuyn
mch cng nh cng ngh tng hng.
Thit b ghi cc trong tng i chuyn mch knh: ti mi tng i c
thc th ghi cc ring cho tng i.
Thit b ghi cc trong tng i chuyn mch s: cc tng i chuyn mch
mm u c kh nng trch xut ra cc da trn bo hiu i qua n. Trn cc h
thng nh IMS c thc th tp trung cc l CCF: tp trung CDR ca cc thc
th phc v cho vic tnh cc tp trung.
4.4.2 Bn tin ghi cc CDR (Call Detail Record)
Bn tin ghi trong CDR gm rt nhiu trng khc nhau bao gm mt s
thng tin c bn nh: thu bao ch gi, thu bao b gi, thi gian thc hin, di
cuc gi, thi gian kt thc, tng i phc v.... thng cc File CDR tun theo
mt format chun nh ASN.1... v khng c c trc tip m phi c phn
mm gii m, v c sn phm ca qu trnh ghi cc l cc file cc CDR.
CDR c to ra bi cc tng i bao gm rt nhiu trng (hng trm trng),
trong s , thng thng ngi ta s ly ra mt s trng c chng phc v
cho vic tnh cc: ch gi, b gi, thi gian bt u, thi gian m thoi,File
CDR ca mi thit b, mi nh cung cp thit b c nh dng khc nhau. Mt s
nh cung cp thit b cho php th hin ngay s liu CDR bng phn mm qun l
thit b, mt s nh cung cp thit b quy nh vic xut CDR ca thit b s ra
mt nh dng file ring, cn s dng phn mm lc v thng k.
Bn in ghi cc CDR gm nhiu thng tin lin quan n phin lm vic v
cng phc tp hn khi chuyn sang th h NGN/IMS khi phi tnh cc theo
volume, media type Nhn chung vic ghi cc cuc gi c bn trc y cn:
thi gian bt u, kt thc, ch gi, b gi, tnh tin/khng tnh tin. Cu trc bn
ghi ph thuc tng hng, c hng dng text, c hng ghi nh phn... v trc khi
tnh cc phi c phn mm chuyn i/ghp cc

18

Sn phm ca qu trnh ghi cc l c s d liu v cc cuc thoi dnh

cho tnh cc v xy dng ho n, c th kt xut ra theo khun dng v cc
thuc tnh CDR (Call Detail Record) theo yu cu qun l khch hng, v d
dng file (text, windows excel....) hoc database.
3.4.2.1 Cu trc cc file CDR
Nu mt file CDR theo kiu chui v s dng nh dng TLV, gi tr ca n
gm cc phn sau:
Mo u (Header): chnh l phn mo u ca file CDR v gi tr TAG l
A0.
Bn ghi s kin (Event Record): l phn ni dung ca CDR. Chui cc ch
th Bn ghi s kin c th bao gm nhiu CDR v gi tr TAG ca Bn ghi
s kin cuc gi l A1.
Trailer: l phn trailer ca CDR v gi tr TAG l A2.
Phn m rng (Extensions) gi tr TAG l A3, khng c ni dung. Chiu
di bng 0.

Hnh 24.Cu trc ca file CDR theo format chun ASN.1

19

3.4.2.2 Qu trnh ghi cc

Qu trnh ghi cc din ra song song vi qu trnh thc hin cuc gi, khi
cuc gi kt thc, bn ghi cc cng c ghi vo file cc CDR.
Qu trnh ghi cc cng ph thuc tng dng lin lc (thoi, Internet...) s
khc nhau. Vi cuc gi TDM trc y th mi cuc gi din ra u c mt
FSM (bng trng thi cuc gi) c thit lp khi bt u phin v kt thc khi 1
trong 2 bn t my. Khi kt thc 1 FSM s sinh ra 1 CDR. i vi thu bao tr
trc th phc tp hn ch c cc pha kim tra tin trong thi im thit lp,
counter tr tin trong qu trnh gi c th dng cuc gi nu thu bao ht
tin trong ti khon
Vi chuyn mch gi th thng tin CDR phc tp hn do trong 1 phin lm
vic thu bao c th s dng cc media khc nhau (video, audio) v cht lng
khc nhau...
Khi thu bao ca mt tng i thit lp mt cuc thoi, da trn bo
hiu ng dy thu bao, khi ghi cc s phn tch bo hiu, giao thc v ghi
nhn s liu cuc gi vo h thng ghi cc.
Khi hai tng i bt tay thit lp mt cuc thoi, da trn bo hiu lin i
(SS7, SIP...), khi ghi cc s phn tch bo hiu v ghi nhn s liu cuc gi vo
h thng ghi cc.
4.4.3 Th tc thit lp cuc gi/phin lm vic, phng thc ghi
cc v cch o nh gi chnh xc ghi cc
cc mng vin thng, vic ghi cc u da trn bo hiu gia cc thc
th trong mng. Lung cuc gi c th m t nh sau:
i vi mng PSTN vic ghi cc da trn bo hiu s 7: SS7 Thi gian
m thoi c tnh t ANM n REL (hoc khc l ty theo nh cung cp
nh ngha)
i vi mng di ng vic ghi cc da trn bo hiu BICC/ISUP,
SIGTRAN Thi gian m thoi c tnh t ANM n REL (hoc
khc l ty theo nh cung cp nh ngha)
i vi mng IMS vic ghi cc da trn bo hiu SIP Thi gian m
thoi c tnh t 200 OK n BYE (hoc khc l ty theo nh cung cp
nh ngha)
Da theo cch thc to mu o, c 2 phng php thc hin o kim cht
lng ghi cc:
Phng php gim st bo hiu: thng k trn kt qu gim st bo hiu
lin i (SS7, SIP): nh gi cht lng ghi cc lin i.
Phng php m phng: pht cuc gi gi lp: ch yu nh gi cht
lng ghi cc ni i.
20

Phn sau s trnh by k hn v cc phng php o kim ny.

5 Cc quy nh v kim nh trong lnh vc thng tin v truyn thng
5.1 Lut Vin thng
Lut Vin thng s 41/2009/QH12 c Quc hi nc Cng ho x hi
ch ngha Vit Nam kho XII, k hp th 6 thng qua ngy 23 thng 11 nm 2009
v chnh thc c hiu lc thi hnh k t ngy 01 thng 7 nm 2010.
Lin quan n cng tc kim nh, Lut Vin thng quy nh ti khon 2
iu 52 nh sau: Doanh nghip vin thng trc khi a cc thit b mng, thit
b o lng tnh gi cc thuc Danh mc thit b vin thng bt buc kim nh
vo hot ng phi thc hin vic kim nh.
5.2 Ngh nh Quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut
Vin thng
Ngy 06/04/2011, Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh nh s 25/2011/N-CP quy
nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Vin thng. Quy nh v
kim nh thit b vin thng v i v tuyn in c nu ti khon 2 iu 35
nh sau:
Kim nh thit b vin thng l vic o kim, chng nhn hoc cng b s
ph hp vi cc quy chun k thut vin thng ca thit b vin thng c lp
t trc khi a v hot ng. Vic kim nh thit b vin thng c thc hin
nh sau:
a) Thit b mng thuc Danh mc thit b vin thng bt buc kim nh do B
Thng tin v Truyn thng ban hnh trc khi a vo hot ng phi thc hin
vic o kim v chng nhn s ph hp hoc o kim v cng b s ph hp theo
quy nh;
b) Thit b o lng tnh gi cc thuc Danh mc thit b vin thng bt buc
kim nh do B Thng tin v Truyn thng ban hnh trc khi a vo hot
ng phi c thc hin vic o kim v chng nhn s ph hp theo quy nh;
c) i v tuyn in thuc Danh mc i v tuyn in bt buc kim nh v an
ton bc x v tuyn in do B Thng tin v Truyn thng ban hnh trc khi
a vo s dng phi thc hin vic o kim v chng nhn s ph hp hoc o
kim v cng b s ph hp theo quy nh.
Trn c s , trch nhim qun l Nh nc ca B Thng tin v Truyn
thng c quy nh ti khon 3 iu 35 nh sau:
a) Quy nh c th v hot ng nh gi s ph hp quy chun k thut v
kim nh thit b vin thng;

21

b) Ch nh, tha nhn t chc chng nhn s ph hp, n v o kim,

phng th nghim trong lnh vc vin thng v tn s v tuyn in.
5.3 Quy nh v kim nh trong lnh vc thng tin v truyn thng
Ngy 30/6/2011 B trng B Thng tin v Truyn thng ban hnh
Thng t s 16/2011/TT-BTTTT quy nh v kim nh thit b vin thng v i
v tuyn in, Thng t s 17/2011/TT-BTTTT ban hnh Danh mc thit b vin
thng v i v tuyn in bt buc kim nh. Hai Thng t ny c hiu lc k
t ngy 15/8/2011.
Cc khi nim lin quan n vic kim nh thit b vin thng trong Thng
t s 16/2011/TT-BTTTT c quy nh nh sau:
- Thit b vin thng bt buc kim nh bao gm cc thit b mng vin
thng v thit b o lng tnh gi cc phi tun th quy chun k thut quc
gia.
- Kim nh thit b vin thng v i v tuyn in l vic o kim v
chng nhn thit b vin thng v i v tuyn in ph hp vi quy chun k
thut quc gia. Vic kim nh khng thay th v khng lm gim trch nhim
ca t chc, doanh nghip i vi cht lng, an ton ca thit b vin thng, i
v tuyn in theo quy nh ca php lut.
- Th tc kim nh c quy nh nh sau:
Doanh nghip np 01 b h s ngh kim nh trc tip ti tr s ca T
chc kim nh hoc gi h s thng qua h thng bu chnh, chuyn pht n
cc T chc kim nh theo thi hn quy nh. H s bao gm:
n ngh kim nh (theo mu quy nh).
Bo co v s thay i ca thit b vin thng, i v tuyn in (i vi
trng hp kim nh bt thng)
Cc ti liu m t sn phm, hng dn s dng, hng dn lp t
(trong trng hp chng loi thit b ngh kim nh ln u tin)
Trong thi hn chn mi (90) ngy, k t ngy t chc, doanh nghip hon
thin h s ngh kim nh v np ph kim nh theo quy nh ti iu 8 v
iu 11, T chc kim nh phi hp vi t chc, doanh nghip thc hin kim
nh theo quy trnh kim nh do B Thng tin v Truyn thng ban hnh i vi
tng loi thit b vin thng, i v tuyn in thuc Danh mc thit b vin
thng v i v tuyn in bt buc kim nh.
Trong thi hn ba mi (30) ngy k t ngy thit b vin thng, i v
tuyn in c cp Giy chng nhn kim nh, t chc, doanh nghip phi

22

nim yt bn sao Giy chng nhn kim nh ti a im lp t thit b vin

thng, i v tuyn in.
Trng hp khng cp Giy chng nhn kim nh, T chc kim nh c
trch nhim thng bo bng vn bn nu r nhng im cha ph hp quy chun
k thut v gi cho t chc, doanh nghip c bin php khc phc. Trong thi
hn ba mi (30) ngy k t ngy c thng bo ca T chc kim nh, t chc,
doanh nghip phi khc phc nhng im cha ph hp v thc hin li th tc
kim nh nh kim nh ln u quy nh ti im a, Khon 1 iu 6.
Lnh vc thng tin v truyn thng l lnh vc rng ln do cng tc kim
nh trong lnh vc thng tin v truyn thng cng l lnh vc tng i rng.
Hin ti, B trng B Thng tin v Truyn thng ban hnh Danh mc thit b
vin thng v i v tuyn in bt buc kim nh ti thng t s 17/2011/TTBTTTT ngy 30/06/2011. Thng t ny c hiu lc t ngy 15/08/2011. Cc thit
b vin thng v i v tuyn in bt buc kim nh bao gm:
STT

Tn thit b vin thng,

i v tuyn in

Hiu lc thi hnh

Chu k kim
nh (nm)

Trm gc in thoi di ng
mt t cng cng (1)

T ngy 15/8/2011

H thng ghi cc tng i

mng vin thng cng cng (2)

T ngy 01/7/2012

3 i pht thanh (3)

T ngy 01/01/2013

4 i truyn hnh (3)

T ngy 01/01/2013

Ghi ch:
(1) p dng i vi cc Trm gc in thoi di ng mt t cng cng m trong
bn knh 100m tnh t anten bt k ca cc trm gc lp t ti v tr c
cng trnh xy dng trong c ngi sinh sng, lm vic.
(2) p dng i vi Tng i ca mng vin thng c nh mt t cng cng,
Tng i ca mng vin thng di ng mt t cng cng c ghi cc phc v
cho vic tnh cc, lp ho n ca dch v in thoi.
(3) p dng i vi cc i pht thanh, truyn hnh c cng sut pht cc i t
150W tr ln.
Do vic kim nh cc h thng ghi cc tng i, i pht thanh v i
truyn hnh hin ti cha c hiu lc thi hnh cng nh cha c cc quy nh, yu
cu c th nn vic xy dng quy chun quc gia, quy trnh kim nh cc loi

23

thit b vin thng v i v tuyn in ny l rt cn thit phc v mc tiu

qun l nh nc cng nh m bo s pht trin bn vng ca cc doanh nghip.
6

R sot, tng hp tnh hnh tiu chun ha trong v ngoi nc

6.1 Tnh hnh tiu chun ho trong nc

6.1.1 Cc tiu chun, quy chun c lin quan vn o lng
tnh gi cc vin thng
1. QCVN 35:2011/BTTTT quy chn k thut quc gia v cht lng dch v in thoi trn mng vin thng c nh mt t;
2. QCVN 36:2011/BTTTT quy chn quc gia v chnh xc ghi cc
in thoi trn mng vin thng di ng mt t;
3.

TCVN 8068: 2009 Dch v in thoi VoIP - Cc yu cu;

6.2 Tnh hnh tiu chun ha ngoi nc

6.2.1 T chc ETSI
Vin tiu chun vin thng chu u ETSI nghin cu, xy dng v ban
hnh nhiu tiu chun lin quan n mng ghi cc v tnh cc vin thng v
cc giao thc thit lp, qun l cuc gi:
ETR 223 ETSI: Network functionalities for charging, billing and
accounting;
ETR 055-3 ETSI: Service aspects of charging, billing and accounting;
ETR 055 ETSI: Requirements on charging, billing and accounting;
ETSI TS 102 380: Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS); SS7
Message Transfer Part 2 - User Adaptation Layer (M2UA); Test Suite
Structure and Test Purposes (TSS&TP);
ETSI TS 102 381: Methods for Testing and Specification (MTS); SS7
Message Transfer Part 3 - User Adaptation Layer; (IETF RFC 3332); Test
Suite Structure and Test Purposes (TSS&TP);
ETSI ETR 065: Universal Personal Telecommunication
Requirements on charging, billing and accounting;

(UPT);

ETSI 101 734 v1.1.1 Internet Protocol (IP) base networks; Parameters and
Mechanisms for charging.

24

 Nhn xt: tiu chun ETSI a ra cc kha cnh v dch v, chc nng qun l
mng ghi cc v tnh cc v cc yu cu t ra. Cc ch tiu, tham s k
thut c th ca qu trnh ghi cc t nm 2000 n nay khng c thay i g.
6.2.2 T chc ITU
Lin minh vin thng th gii ITU a ra mt s khuyn ngh lin quan
ghi cc v tnh cc ca dch v thoi truyn thng v mi ch c mt khuyn
ngh v ghi cc cho mng NGN. Cc khuyn ngh ny bao gm:
Recommendations Series E of ITU-T 2006: Overall network operation,
telephone service, service operation and human factors;
Recommendations Series D of ITU-T 2006: General tariff principles;
Recommendations Series Q of ITU-T 2006: Switching and signalling;
ITU-T E 260: Basic technical problems concerning the measurement and
recording of call durations;
ITU-T E 230: Chargeable duration of calls;
ITU-T D110: Charging and accounting for conference calls;
ITU-T D 212: Charging and accounting principles for the use of Signaling
System No.7;
ITU-T D 271: General tariff principles Charging and accounting
principles for NGN;
E.433 CCITT (thuc ITU): Quality of service, net work management and
traffic engineering Billing integrity;

Nhn xt:
-

Cc khuyn ngh ca ITU a ra cc yu cu lin quan n cc, ghi cc

cc dch v khc nhau trn c s mng vin thng truyn thng, m cn
(rt) t cp n vn cc trong mng NGN.

Cc khuyn ngh ca ITU a ra cc khuyn ngh v chuyn mch v bo

hiu trong mng chuyn mch knh, ng thi cng a ra nhiu chun
giao thc trong mng chuyn mch gi.
6.2.3 Tiu chun ca c/New Zealand

c ban hnh mt s tiu chun lin quan n lnh vc ghi cc, tnh cc nh:

25

 Australian Standard AS 3905.9-1996 Part 9: Guide to AS/NZS ISO

9001:1994 for telecommunications call charging and call billing.
Industry Code Call charging and billing accuracy ACIF C518:2006;

Nhn xt: Tiu chun AS 3905.9-1996 cung cp hng dn v h thng qun

l cht lng i vi qu trnh ghi cc v tnh cc vin thng. Tiu chun ny
hng ti cc nh cung cp dch v cung cp dch v cho khch hng, cc nh
khai thc hay bn li dch v vin thng.
ACIFC 518:2000 a ra quy nh kim tra chnh xc ghi cc v tnh cc
ca dch v in thoi tiu chun trong mi trng a mng, a dch v ca c.
Quy nh ny xc nh cc mc yu cu ti thiu v chnh xc tnh cc v ghi
cc lin quan n cc vn sau:
Vic o kim u cui ti u cui trong ni b mt doanh nghip hoc
doanh nghip khai thc dch v truyn dn.
o kim cc phn ring r (v d i vi vic tnh cc cc cuc gi u
cui n u cui c lin quan n nhiu hn 1 doanh nghip th d liu
tnh cc c ly t 1 n v o c chng nhn hoc t 1 ngun c
lp tin cy).
6.2.4 Ti liu v tiu chun ca Anh
C quan qun l vin thng Anh OFTEL xy dng v ban hnh mt s ti
liu, tiu chun v ghi cc v tnh cc sau:
Standard for Telecommunications Metering systems and Billing Systems
OTR003: 2001 - Tiu chun cht lng tnh cc v ghi cc ca Anh l
OTR 003.
Ensuring telephone bills are accurate UK;
Meeting customer needs for accurate telephone bills Oftel;

Nhn xt: Trong cc tiu chun ca Anh c a ra mt s ch tiu k thut v

chnh xc ghi cc, tnh cc nhng khng a ra phng php o.
6.2.5 Tiu chun ca Hng Kng
Hng Kng tun th v p dng mt s tiu chun lin quan n ghi cc
vin thng nh sau:
HKTA 3104 Issue 2 12/2005 Quality assurance manual for Billing and
Metering integrity scheme.

26

 HKTA 3105 Issue 2 12/2005 requirements on the assurance, reporting and

monitoring procedures for the Billing and Metering integrity scheme.
Consultation Paper on billing and metering accuracy of public
telecommunications services in Hong Kong;

Nhn xt: Hng Kng cng chp thun p dng cc tiu chun quc t, trong
tiu chun HKTA 3104 Issue 2 cc ch tiu ghi cc v tnh cc ly theo ch tiu
ca ITU E433, v phng php ly mu o kim, gim st vic ghi cc v
tnh cc chp thun theo tiu chun ISO 2859-1:1999.
6.2.6 Cc tiu chun v giao thc bo hiu ca IETF
Tnh hnh trong nc: hin nay trong nc cha c tiu chun no v
Sigtran ca ngnh c ban hnh.
Tnh hnh trn th gii: tiu chun v Sigtran hin nay do IETF nh ngha
v pht trin. ITU-T hin nay cha ban hnh tiu chun no v Sigtran.
Mt khc, hin nay trn th gii cc Hng sn xut thit b u chn Sigtran
ca IETF lm tiu chun cho bo hiu SS7 trn IP cho cc sn phm v gii
php ca mnh.
RFC 2719: Architectural Framework for Signaling Transport - Cu trc
Sigtran;
RFC 3309: Stream Control Transmission Protocol - Giao thc SCTP ;
RFC 3331: Signaling System 7 (SS7) Message Transfer Part (MTP)2 - User
Adaption Layer - Lp thch ng M2UA;
RFC 3332: SS7 MTP3-User Adaptation Layer (M3UA) - Lp thch ng
M3UA.
RFC 3788: Security Considerations for SIGTRAN Protocols - Cc vn
v an ton cho sigtran.
RFC 3868: Signalling Connection Control Part User Adaptation Layer
(SUA) - Lp thch ng SUA.
RFC 4165: Signaling System 7 (SS7) Message Transfer Part 2 (MTP2) User Peer-to-Peer Adaptation Layer (M2PA) - Lp thch ng M2PA.
Nhn xt: IETF xy dng v pht trin rt nhiu giao thc phc v cho vic thit
lp, qun l thng tin trong mi trng internet, mng trn c s IP v mng th
h sau. C th, IETF hnh thnh v pht trin cc giao thc nh Sigtran, SIP,

27

H.323, Megacok tha cho cc loi bo hiu truyn thng qun l, phc v
vic ghi bn tin thng tin cc cuc gi (nhm mc ch qun l ghi cc)
6.3 Nhn xt
Trn th gii, c rt nhiu tiu chun lin quan n qun l chc nng, vic
qun l qu trnh ghi cc v tnh cc ca cc loi dch v khc nhau trn
nn tng mng khc nhau, tuy nhin, c rt t cc ch tiu, tham s ghi
cc, tnh cc.
Hu ht cc quc gia nh Anh, c, Hong Kong chp nhn ch tiu chnh
xc ghi cc 10-4 ly theo khuyn ngh ca CCITT (thuc ITU).
7 S c xy dng quy chun
7.1 Tiu ch la chn s c chnh
Vic la chn s c chnh cn c trn cc tiu ch sau y:
Cc ti liu c la chn phi c tnh khoa hc, r rng, v c tnh cp nht

cao.
Cc ti liu ny c nhiu nc, nhiu hng s dng.
Cc ti liu ph hp vi yu cu v qun l nh nc.
Cc ti liu ph hp vi kh nng qun l thit b ca B.
Cc ti liu c la chn p ng c cc yu cu ng k trong

cng.
7.2 M hnh qun l, tiu chun cht lng h thng ghi cc v tnh cc ca
cc t chc quc t v mt s nc
7.2.1 Cc khuyn ngh ca cc t chc quc t
- Khuyn ngh ETR 065, ETR 055-3, ETR 223 ca Vin tiu chun ho vin
thng Chu u a ra cc khuyn ngh lin quan n vn ghi cc v tnh
cc nh cc trng trong bn ghi, khuyn ngh v cc th tc ghi cc cuc gi.
Ngoi ra cc ti liu ny cn nu cc thng s ca mng li c nh hng n
vic ghi cc,
- Khuyn ngh E.433 ca CCITT (thuc ITU) khuyn ngh tiu chun chnh
xc ghi cc (bao gm c ht cc v tri cc) l Pe 10-4.
7.2.2 Kho st v qun l cht lng tnh cc ca mt s nc
Hu ht cc nc pht trin khng tch ri vic ghi cc v tnh cc mt
cch ring r. trnh pht trin cao, iu kin thc thi y , thun li, cc

28

nc ny tin ti qun l h thng ghi cc v tnh cc theo h thng quy

trnh qun l cht lng ISO. Vic qun l ny i hi mt h thng cc tiu
chun y , k c cc tiu chun k thut, cc bc thc hin r rng, h thng
phng tin, thit b ng b, p ng c yu cu qun l.
7.2.2.1 Qun l cht lng ghi cc, tnh cc ca Singapore:
Cc pht trin thng tin truyn thng Singapore - IDA xy dng cc tiu
chun cht lng dch v trong cc doanh nghip phi p ng cc yu cu v
tnh cc ca c quan qun l trong vng 5 ngy lm vic. Tuy nhin, IDA khng
a ra tiu chun c th v ghi cc v tnh cc, thay vo IDA quy nh
cc doanh nghip phi m bo rng tt c cc thit b ghi cc phi chnh xc v
tin cy, v khi IDA yu cu, cc doanh nghip phi o kim thit b ghi cc
nh gi chnh xc, tin cy v s ph hp vi cc tiu chun k thut theo
qui nh ca IDA. Cc doanh nghip phi bo co kt qu o kim vi IDA trong
vng 14 ngy (hoc lu hn tu theo IDA) sau khi kt thc o kim.
7.2.2.2 Qun l cht lng tnh cc ca Anh:
T nm 1988 OfTel a ra m hnh chng nhn cht lng tnh cc
vi mc tiu l lm tng s tin tng ca khch hng v cc ho n cc. M
hnh ny bt u p dng vi 2 cng ty l British Telecom v Cables & Wireless
Communications, theo h thng tnh cc ca 2 cng ty ny phi c o
kim bi mt c quan c lp kim tra vic tnh cc s dng ca khch hng.
Sau m hnh ny c m rng phm vi p dng vi cng ty Kingston
Communications, Cellnet v Vodafone. Tiu chun cht lng tnh cc v ghi
cc ca Anh l OTR 003. Thng 2 nm 2000, trong bo co v cng tc trin
khai m hnh cht lng tnh cc i vi cc doanh nghip vin thng cng
cng, OfTel cho rng m hnh cn phi c trin khai thm i vi cc doanh
nghip khc v dch v khc na. Hin nay, Oftel iu chnh cc tiu chun
ang p dng trong m hnh hin ti m bo rng cc tiu chun ny s ph
hp vi cc cp chnh xc yu cu i vi h thng tnh cc.
7.2.2.3 Qun l cht lng ghi cc, tnh cc ca c:
Din n cng nghip thng tin c - ACIF l mt t chc do ngnh cng
nghip thng tin thnh lp nm 1997, c nhim v qun l v thng tin trong
nc c. ACIF a ra quy nh v chnh xc tnh cc v ghi cc cuc
gi trong bao gm tiu chun k thut v tnh cc v ghi cc k hiu l
ACIF C518:2006 (phin bn 3). Mc ch ca quy nh ny l a ra cc yu cu
c th i vi vic kim tra chnh xc ghi cc v tnh cc ca dch v in
thoi tiu chun do cc doanh nghip a dch v cung cp trong mi trng a

29

mng c. Vic ny nhm m bo vi chnh ph, c quan qun l v khch

hng l cc doanh nghip v cc nh cung cp dch v lun m bo mc
chnh xc chp nhn c trong vic tnh ton cc cuc gi v nhm lm cho
khch hng tin tng vo vic ghi cc v tnh cc l chnh xc.
7.2.2.4 Qun l cht lng tnh cc ca M:
Trong cc iu lut ca mnh FCC a ra cc nguyn tc v s tin cy ca
ho n cc nhm m bo rng khch hng s nhn c cc ho n chnh
xc, chi tit v d hiu t cc nh cung cp dch v. Cc nguyn tc v hng dn
v s tin cy ca ho n cc lm cho cc ho n cc gn gi thn thin vi
khch hng bng cch cung cp cho khch hng cc thng tin cn thit la
chn trong th trng vin thng cnh tranh v trnh gp phi cc trng hp
ngoi mun nh chuyn i nh cung cp m khch hng khng bit hoc cha
c s tho thun hoc s a vo trong ho n cc khon ph d gy nhm ln
hoc la di khch hng. FCC cng cng b rng ri cc hng dn nhm gip
cho khch hng bit c 3 nguyn tc c bn l: ai ang yu cu h chi tr cc
ph cho dch v, h ang tr tin cho dch v g v ni khch hng c th lin lc
tham kho thng tin v cc khon cc ph trn ho n.
7.2.3 M hnh qun l cht lng tnh cc ca c v Hong
Kong
7.2.3.1 M hnh qun l cht lng tnh cc ca c
Qun l cht lng tnh cc l mt trong nhng ni dung m cc doanh
nghip vin thng ca c t qun l.
Trong lut Vin thng ca c c nu r v vai tr ca cc quy nh ca
ngnh (Industry Code) do ngnh xy dng dng p dng i vi cc n v
tham gia ngnh. Lut cng quy nh cc yu cu i vi vic xy dng v pht
trin cc quy nh ca ngnh v vic ng k cc quy nh vi c quan qun l
vin thng c ACA.
Thng 10/1998, ACIF xy dng v a ra Quy nh v chnh xc tnh
cc v ghi cc ACIF C518 v sa i b sung hai ln vo thng 6/2000 v
gn y l bn ACIF C518: 2006. Quy nh ny l mt phn quan trng trong cc
ni dung t qun l ca cc doanh nghip ca c.
a) Phm vi p dng ca ACIF C518:2006
- Phm vi ca Quy nh ny gm cc doanh nghip cung cp dch v thoi c
nh, dch v thoi di ng, dch v truyn dn m mc ch ban u l dng cho

30

in thoi, nh ngha v cc doanh nghip ny trong phn 6 ca Lut vin

thng nm 1999.
- Quy nh ny xc nh cc mc yu cu ti thiu v chnh xc tnh cc v
ghi cc lin quan n cc vn sau:
+ Vic o kim u cui ti u cui trong ni b mt doanh nghip hoc doanh
nghip khai thc dch v truyn dn.
+ o kim cc phn ring r (v d i vi vic tnh cc cc cuc gi u cui
n u cui c lin quan n nhiu hn 1 doanh nghip th d liu tnh cc
c ly t 1 n v c chng nhn hoc t 1 ngun c lp tin cy).
- Cc loi dch v thoi c th thay i theo thi gian, cc cng ngh c bn c
th thay i do vy phm vi ca quy nh ny p dng i vi cc cuc gi in
thoi chuyn mch knh.
- Quy nh ny tp trung vo cc vn ghi cc v tnh cc ca cc dch v
in thoi tiu chun, n khng bao hm cc dch v truyn dn hay dch v v
ni dung thng tin.
- Vic xem xt s ph hp vi quy nh ny s lin quan n vic o kim qu
trnh ghi cc v tnh cc cc cuc gi bt u t tng i pht sinh cuc gi
n n tng i ni c thu bao b gi i vi cc cuc gi trong nc, cc cuc
gi quc t khng nm trong phm vi o kim.
- Cc li pht sinh do nguyn nhn t pha thit b ca khch hng, hoc do iu
kin kh hu hoc do vic s dng bt hp php s khng thuc phm vi nh gi
s ph hp.
b) Cc ch tiu v cch xc nh trong ghi cc v tnh cc:
Trong ACIF C518:2006 a ra rt nhiu khi nim lin quan n vn ghi
cc v tnh cc v nu cch xc nh mt cch r rng cc ch tiu ny. V d,
cc cuc gi b cng thm b tnh cc nh cc cuc gi m thu bao b gi bn,
khng nhc my, cuc gi ch nhn c thng bo ca tng i,; cuc gi thi
gian cuc gi; li thi gian cuc gi; li thi gian bt u v kt thc ca cuc
gi; li ngy thng; khi nim v chuyn gia nh gi,
ACIF C518:2006 cng quy nh phng php o kim, cc loi cuc gi, s
lng cuc gi, thi im o kim Vic o kim c tin hnh bi mt n
v nh gi c cp chng ch hoc n v th 3 c lp. Cc kt qu o phi
c lu tr trong vng 3 nm. Sau khi o kim, doanh nghip phi np kt qu
o kim cho ACIF trong vng 1 thng.

31

7.2.3.2 M hnh qun l cht lng tnh cc ca Hong Kong

nng cao cht lng tnh cc ca cc dch v vin thng ca Hong
Kong, vo thng 3/1996 c quan qun l vin thng ca Hong Kong OFTA
phi hp vi C quan chng nhn Vin thng Anh (BABT) t chc nghin cu
xy dng h thng chng nhn hp chun tnh cc ca Hong Kong. Mc ch
chnh ca nghin cu ny l:
- Qua vic nh gi cc h thng cht lng do cc doanh nghip a ra xem
xt cc h thng tnh cc hin ti c p ng tiu chun v chnh xc hay
khng.
- Qua vic chng nhn hp chun cc h thng cht lng ca cc doanh nghip
m bo rng h thng tnh cc vi chnh xc nh hin ti hot ng ng
trn thc t.
- Qua vic o kim nh k chng t rng h thng trn thc t hot ng ng
nh mong i v chnh xc ca h thng nm trong gii hn ca tiu chun v
chnh xc.
Sau nhiu cuc hp v hi tho vi cc doanh nghip vin thng cng cng
v cc nghin cu s b, thng 8/1996 BABT hon thin bn bo co v: Vic
thc hin chng nhn hp chun h thng tnh cc Hong Kong. Trong bn
bo co ny, BABT xut vi OFTA mt s im sau:
- Nn p dng h thng chng nhn hp chun tnh cc ca Hong Kong ging
nh h thng thc hin Anh.
- H thng hp chun tnh cc nn c p dng theo tng giai on, giai on
u nn p dng trc vi cng ty CWHKTC (Cables & Wireless Hong Kong
Telecom Company Limited) v mt nh khai thc dch v di ng.
- Cc doanh nghip khc s c ph bin, hng dn c th nhn thc y
v h thng v vic p dng trn thc t.
Trn c s cn nhc cc kin ca cc doanh nghip v bn bo co ca
BABT, TA d nh bc u p dng h thng c n gin ho ph hp
vi iu kin thc t v kinh t, k thut ca Hong Kong. Ni dung chi tit ca h
thng ny bao gm:
- Phm vi p dng ca h thng;
- Cc tiu chun v ghi cc v tnh cc;
- H thng t nh gi;
- H thng nh gi;
- H thng gim st.
32

 Phm vi p dng
Ban u h thng c p dng vi cc dch v c tnh cc theo thi gian
s dng dch v hoc theo mc s dng nh dch v in thoi ni ht, dch v
in thoi quc t, dch v in thoi di ng, c bit l dch v IDD. H thng
khng p dng i vi cc dch v tnh cc theo cuc gi nh dch v nhn tin
cng cng. Lin quan n cc iu kin trn, cc nh khai thc mng li v cc
nh cung cp dch v sau s nm trong phm vi p dng ca h thng:
- Cc dch v, mng li in thoi c nh (FTNS) bao gm:
+ Cc nh khai thc dch v FTNS hu tuyn;
+ Cc nh khai thc dch v FTNS v tuyn ni vng;
+ Cc nh khai thc dch v FTNS dng ring dng v tinh;
+ Cc nh khai thc dch v FTNS dng ring dng cp;
- Cc dch v in thoi di ng cng cng (PMRS);
- Cc dch v thng tin c nhn (PCS);
- Cc dch v vin thng dng ring;
- Cc nh cung cp dch v Internet;
- Cc dch v in thoi th quc t;
- Cc dch v mng ring o;
- Dch v bn li knh quc t dng cho fax v d liu;
- Cc dch v gi tr gia tng quc t;
Cc tiu chun tnh cc v ghi cc:
Tiu chun v chnh xc ghi cc v tnh cc l phn rt quan trng
trong h thng, cc doanh nghip cn phi m bo rng h thng ghi cc v
tnh cc ca h phi chnh xc v ph hp vi cc tiu chun ni trn.
Hong Kong, mt s doanh nghip khai thc mng c nh ni ht s
dng nhng tiu chun ca ring h nhm m bo chnh xc ca cc ho n
pht cho khch hng. Cc doanh nghip ny thc hin vic kim tra chnh xc
ghi cc thng xuyn bng cch to cc cuc gi th, t l tnh cc sai chp
nhn c l 1/10.000 vi tng s cc cuc gi th l 20.000 cuc trong 1 thng.
TA cng xem xt cn nhc vic tham kho cc tiu chun, hng dn, quy
nh ca cc nc nh Singapore, c, M, Anh, pht trin tiu chun v

33

chnh xc tnh cc v ghi cc p dng ti Hong Kong m bo rng khch

hng s nhn c cc ho n cc chnh xc v d hiu.
H thng t nh gi
TA d nh thng qua phng n ban u v vic doanh nghip t nh gi
h thng ghi cc v tnh cc. Nguyn tc c bn l cc doanh nghip phi tin
hnh nh gi h thng ghi cc v tnh cc ca mnh da trn cun s tay m
bo cht lng, kt qu s c trnh ln TA ph chun. Doanh nghip phi
ch nh mt lnh o chu trch nhim v hot ng ca h thng ghi cc v
tnh cc ca mnh. Sau khi t nh gi, doanh nghip phi cng b rng kt qu
nh gi l ph hp vi cc tiu chun v chnh xc ghi cc v tnh cc c
trong s tay m bo cht lng ni trn, theo s tay ny, cc doanh nghip nn
thc hin o kim theo nhng yu cu v quy trnh v o kim nh gi. TA cng
bit c rng, theo cc yu cu trong cun s tay hng dn, cc doanh nghip
khai thc mng li hoc cc nh cung cp dch v s phi to mt s lng c
th cc cuc gi trong mt khong thi gian c th v nh gi chnh xc h
thng ghi cc v tnh cc ca mnh t lc ghi cc cho n lc pht hnh ho
n cho khch hng.
H thng nh gi
m bo cc kt qu o kim thc hin trong h thng t nh gi s
ph hp vi cc tiu chun v chnh xc ghi cc v tnh cc, TA yu cu cc
doanh nghip phi mi cc chuyn gia nh gi c cp chng ch thc hin
nh gi v chng nhn cc kt qu o kim m cc doanh nghip s bo co ln
TA.
H thng gim st
c c h thng gim st c hiu qu nhm theo di vic chp hnh v
tnh trng ph hp cc tiu chun tnh cc v ghi cc ca cc doanh nghip, TA
kin ngh thm rng cc doanh nghip ngoi vic bo co cc kt qu o kim
nh ni trn, cn phi thng xuyn bo co s lng cc phn nn, khiu ni
ca khch hng (tnh trn s lng ho n pht hnh) i vi cc tranh chp v
ghi cc v tnh cc. Sau TA s thng xuyn cp nht a ln trang ch ca
OFTA cc thng tin nhn c v tn cc doanh nghip v vic chp hnh cc
tiu chun v chnh xc ghi v tnh cc. Nh vy, ngi dn s bit c hin
trng cht lng dch v ca tng doanh nghip, nh cc thng tin ny khch
hng s c quyt nh la chn nh cung cp dch v ph hp.
Din n v cht lng tnh cc

34

TA t chc mt din n vi s tham gia ca cc i din ca doanh nghip

vin thng c lin quan, cc nhm khch hng v OFTA nhm cng nhau nghin
cu, tho lun cc vn v cht lng tnh cc. Qua din n ny, cc yu cu,
th tc v tiu chun v chnh xc ghi cc v tnh cc c nghin cu,
tho lun nhm t c hiu lc, hiu qu v chi ph v s thng sut trong vic
thc thi trong ton ngnh v to dng s tin tng, hiu bit ca khch hng v
cc ho n do cc doanh nghip pht hnh. TA d kin rng din n s hon
thin cng vic v t c mc ch trong mt thi gian ngn khong 3 thng.
Tm li, cc nc trn th gii rt quan tm n vn qun l cht lng
h thng ghi cc v tnh cc cc dch v vin thng, tu theo c im v trnh
pht trin ca mi nc m mi nc c bin php, hnh thc qun l ring,
tuy nhin cc hnh thc qun l cht lng h thng tnh cc cc dch v vin
thng thuc 2 hnh thc c bn sau:
- Hnh thc t qun l: phn ln cc nc c trnh pht trin cao, mi trng
php l mnh. hnh thc ny, cc doanh nghip t ng k vi c quan qun l
nh nc hoc thng qua hip hi cc doanh nghip v cng b tiu chun v
chnh xc tnh cc ca h thng tnh cc ca mnh. Vic o kim, nh gi cht
lng h thng tnh cc s do mt n v c lp th ba thc hin hoc do
doanh nghip t o kim v mi cc chuyn gia nh gi c cp chng ch
nh gi.
- Hnh thc bt buc qun l: phn ln cc nc c trnh pht trin cha cao.
hnh thc ny, c quan cht lng nh nc bt buc cc doanh nghip vin
thng phi tun th cc tiu chun v cht lng h thng tnh cc, cc doanh
nghip vin thng phi ng k vi c quan qun l nh nc, cng b v bo
co nh k tiu chun cht lng h thng tnh cc ca mnh ng thi chu s
kim tra gim st ca c quan qun l nh nc.
7.2.3.3 H thng qun l ghi cc v tnh cc ti Vit Nam
Hin nay, cc doanh nghip cung cp dch v vin thng c nhiu h thng
ghi cc, tnh cc cho cc loi dch v ring bit nhng u c c tnh chung l
tnh cc cc dch v vin thng m khch hng s dng v cung cp thng tin
cho khch hng v thi gian s dng dch v, s tin cc s dng, loi hnh dch
v
a) H thng tnh cc dch v in thoi c nh
Hin nay, tng Vin thng tnh/khu vc c h thng tnh cc tp trung
cho cc cuc gi xut pht t phm vi tnh . Vic ghi cc c thc hin nh
sau:
35

- i vi cc cuc gi ni ht: tng i host hoc tng i ni b s ghi cc cc

cuc gi ni ht ca thu bao theo thi gian hoc theo n v tax (t dng), cui
chu k tnh cc s lm trn v cng dn tnh cc.
- i vi cc cuc gi ni tnh, lin tnh, quc t, lin mng: tng i host ghi
cc cc cuc gi ny theo thi gian lin lc.
Thng thng s liu cc ca cc Vin thng tnh/khu vc c lu tr
theo 2 phng thc l lu trn bng t v trn a cng (hard disk) hay a quang.
Vic lu tr s liu ghi cc bng cch ny m bo h s an ton cao.
Vic tnh cc c thc hin tp trung, cc s liu cc c chuyn v
trung tm tnh cc ca Vin thng tnh/khu vc sau s in ho n cc cho
khch hng hoc truyn s liu ti cc im in ho n in ha n cho khch
hng. u im ca cch tnh cc ny l gim c sai st khi c s thay i
cch tnh cc, thay i v gi cc Tuy nhin, nhc im ca cch tnh cc
ny l khi c sai st th phm vi nh hng ca sai st gy ra l ln.
b) H thng tnh cc dch v in thoi di ng
Hin nay, ti Vit Nam c by nh cung cp dch v in thoi di ng.
Mi mng cung cp dch v in thoi di ng c h thng tnh cc ring. Mi
h thng tnh cc ca mi mng c mt s trung tm tnh cc t ti H ni,
thnh ph H Ch Minh, Nng v mt s khu vc khc ty theo tng mng c
th tnh cc cho cc thu bao ti cc vng khc nhau Vit Nam, h thng
tnh cc c cc tng i ghi cc cho cc thu bao tr trc v thu bao tr sau
ring bit. Vic ghi v tnh cc c thc hin nh sau:
- i vi cc thu bao tr sau: tng i ca h thng thu bao tr sau s ghi cc
cc cuc gi ca thu bao tr sau theo thi gian lin lc, n cui chu k tnh
cc s dng s liu ny tnh cc cho thu bao.
- i vi cc thu bao tr trc: tng i ca h thng thu bao tr trc s ghi
cc cc cuc gi ca thu bao tr trc theo thi gian ri tnh cc cc cuc gi
ny v tr lun s tin cc cuc gi vo ti khon ca thu bao tr trc.
- i vi cc cuc gi roamming: tng i ca mng khc vi mng ca doanh
nghip cung cp cho thu bao c tho thun kt ni roaming s ghi cc cc cuc
gi ca thu bao ca doanh nghip kia theo thi gian ri chuyn s liu cc cho
doanh nghip kia tnh cc cho khch hng. V d thu bao A ca cng ty
VMS s dng sng ca mng VinaPhone thc hin cuc gi s c tng i
ca mng VinaPhone ghi cc sau Cng ty VinaPhone s chuyn s liu cc
ca thu bao A cho Cng ty VMS Cng ty VMS tnh cc cho thu bao A.

36

7.3 Phn tch ti liu

7.3.1 Phn tch cc ch tiu nh gi chnh xc ghi cc
7.3.1.1 Phn tch nguyn nhn chnh lch v cc
Quy trnh ghi cc v tnh cc ti mi Trung tm tnh cc ca n v
cung cp dch v din ra gm nhiu khu v c bn c t ng ho bng cc
chng trnh ghi, c v x l k t khi bt u hnh thnh cuc gi n khi in,
pht hnh ho n cho khch hng. Tuy nhin, mi cuc gi c th c ghi v
tnh cc ti nhiu trung tm tnh cc ca cc n v cung cp dch v khc
nhau. Thc t so snh cho thy, cc ca cng mt cuc gi ng thi tnh cc
ti cc trung tm tnh cc khc nhau khng hon ton trng nhau m c th sai
khc theo cc kh nng sau:
+ Mt Trung tm tnh cc khng c cc cho cuc gi
+ Cc Trung tm tnh cc tuy u c cc cho cuc gi nhng cc s liu ny
khc nhau
Hin tng sai khc ny gi l chnh lch cc gia cc trung tm ghi
cc. S chnh lch ny c th bt ngun t mi qu trnh trong quy trnh ghi, thu
thp, x l cuc gi v tnh cc.
a) Chnh lch cc pht sinh ti qu trnh ghi cuc gi
S liu cuc gi ghi c ti cc im ghi cc c th lch nhau do cc yu
t sau:
- Cc th tc ghi cc;
- K thut mng, c bit l cp tng i;
- Kh nng v cht lng ghi cuc gi ca cc tng i khc nhau;
- Khai bo tham s quy nh v ghi cuc gi ca cc tng i khc nhau:
+ Ghi cc cho cc cuc gi khng c tr li;
+ Ghi cc cho cc cuc gi thu c m bo hoc thng bo m l ra khng
c ghi cc;
+ Khng ghi cc ti cc cuc gi c tn hiu tr li;
+ Tr gi tn hiu tr li;
+ Thi gian bt u/ kt thc ghi cc;
- Loi h thng bo hiu c s dng;
- Mc ti lu lng ti tng i;
37

- ng h thi gian ca cc tng i lch nhau;

Cc sai khc ny u c th dn n chnh lch v s liu cuc gi ghi bi
cc tng i khc nhau.
b) Chnh lch cc pht sinh ti qu trnh thu thp
Qu trnh thu thp cuc gi c th thc hin online, off line t cc im ghi
cc hoc qua cc thit b lu tr cuc gi. Vic thu thp ny c th c nhng sai
st lm mt hoc hng s liu cuc gi. Kt qu l s liu cuc gi nhn c ti
trung tm tnh cc khng cn chnh xc.
c) Chnh lch cc pht sinh ti qu trnh x l cuc gi
Vic x l cuc gi c thc hin bng cc chng trnh phn mm. Nu
chng trnh ny khng tun th ng cc quy nh v x l cuc gi s lm cho
s liu cuc gi dng tnh cc khng chun xc.
d) Chnh lch cc pht sinh ti qu trnh tnh cc
Chng trnh tnh cc thc hin p cc bng gi cc cho tng cuc gi
to ra s liu cc cho tng thu bao. Cc sai st v cng thc tnh ca chng
trnh v c s d liu ca bng cc dch v vin thng s lm cho s liu cc
khng chnh xc.
Trong phm vi quy chun ny, nhm ch tr tp trung nghin cu vo phn
cc nguyn nhn, yu t nh hng pht sinh ti qu trnh ghi cc cuc gi.
7.3.1.2 Ch tiu nh gi chnh xc ghi cc ca mt s nc
1. Anh
Tiu chun ca OFTEL v chnh xc ca h thng tnh cc ca cc
doanh nghip c quy nh trong OTR 003: 2001 bao gm:
- S cc cuc gi b ghi cc sai khng c ln hn 1 cuc/10.000 cuc.
- S cc cuc gi b ghi tri cc khng c ln hn 1 cuc/50.000 cuc.
- Tng thi gian ca cc cuc gi b ghi cc sai khng c vt qu 1/20.000
tng thi gian cc cuc gi.
- Tng thi gian ca cc cuc gi b ghi tri cc khng c vt qu 1/100.000
tng thi gian cc cuc gi.
2. c
Ch tiu gii hn chnh xc ghi cc ca c theo tiu chun ACIF 518:
2006 l:
Ch tiu

Mc chnh xc ti thiu

Mc chnh xc ti thiu
38

ti 95% mc tin cy
Thi gian cuc gi

90 : 100.000

60 : 100.000

3 : 100.000

1 : 200.000

140 : 100.000

76 : 100.000

Cc cuc gi khng c thc

Thng s chung

ti 100% mc tin cy

3. n
Ch tiu

Mc chnh xc ti thiu

S cuc gi b ghi cc sai

0.1% (1 trong 1000)

S cuc gi b qu ti khng ghi cc

0.004% (1 trong 25,000)

S cuc gi b ghi thiu hoc khng tnh cc 0.05% (1 trong 2000)

S cuc gi b ghi tri cc

0.002% (1 trong 50,000)

7.3.2 Phng php o kim, nh gi h thng ghi cc

Bn cht ca ghi cc l vic ghi li cc thng tin v cc s kin m ngi
dng (khch hng) chim dng ti nguyn ca nh cung cp dch v. Vic ghi
cc phi m bo mt s nguyn tc:
- y thng tin mong mun
- Tnh chnh xc: tc l vic ghi cc phi m bo chnh xc nht nh
-

Tnh kim chng: tc l phi cha cc thng tin m ngi dng c th kim
chng (v d trong ghi cc dch v thoi: thi im bt u thc hin cuc
gi, thi im kt thc cuc gi, s thu bao ch gi, s thu bao b gi)

Vit Nam p dng ch yu cch tnh cc cho cc cuc gi i v tnh

trn thi gian m thoi, v vy, nguyn tc ghi cc ca tng i chuyn mch
knh v tng i chuyn mch gi l khng khc nhau, u da trn thi gian
m thoi. Tuy nhin, v bn cht cch ghi cc th c s khc nhau do s dng
cc giao thc bo hiu khc nhau:
Chuyn mch knh: s dng ISUP chy trn cc kt ni TDM
Chuyn mch gi: s dng rt nhiu giao thc khc nhau nh:
BICC/Sigtran/IP; ISUP/Sigtran/IP; SIP; H.323 :

V d trong giao thc SIP: Tnh t bn tin INVITE u tin n bn tin

200OK u tin trong 01 dialog.

V d trong giao thc BICC/ISUP: Tnh t IAM u tin n ANM u

tin trong mt phin (c cng CIC, a phn cng OPC v DPC)

39

Trong h thng thng tin di ng vic ghi cc ca h thng tr trc v h

thng tr sau l khng khc g nhau v u l da trn cc s kin din ra trong
qu trnh thc hin cuc gi, nhng qu trnh ghi cc th c s phn bit l:
i vi h thng tr trc:

Thc cht l gm c qu trnh tnh cc, v c thc hin theo thi

gian thc bi h thng IN

V lin quan n tnh cc thc hin theo thi gian thc nn:
o Trc khi thc hin cuc gi th c qu trnh kim tra ti khon
xem c iu kin s dng dch v khng?
o Trong qu trnh din ra cuc gi: c s gim st v tnh cc thi
gian thc

i vi h thng tr sau: ch ghi cc v lu di dng CDR, sau h

thng tnh cc s s dng CDR tnh cc.
7.3.2.1 C s phng php o chnh xc h thng ghi cc ca mng in
thoi c nh v di ng mt t cng cng.
Vic tnh ton ghi cc da trn cc loi bo hiu, giao thc trn mng nh
bo hiu SS7; giao thc BICC/ISUP, SIP c thc hin theo nguyn tc nh
sau:

My o bt lung bn tin kt ni bo hiu i qua h thng;

Da trn lung bn tin phn tch cc tham s cn cho vic ghi

cc: Ch gi, b gi, thi im bt u, di cuc gi;

To ra file d liu v thng tin ghi cc;

So snh vi thng tin ghi cc do h thng to ra;

7.3.2.2 Phng php o

1. Nghin cu cc phng php chung phn tch nh gi cht lng ghi,
x l v tnh cc
Hin nay, i vi cc nh cung cp dch v ni chung, cht lng ghi cc
v tnh cc thng c phn tch v nh gi da trn cc phng php sau
y:
- Phn tch cc cuc gi bt thng
- Phn tch so snh vi s liu thng k ca khch hng s dng dch v
- Phn tch so snh cuc gi v cc gia cc im ghi cc
40

- Phn tch so snh vi s liu kt qu ca thit b o kim

Mi phng php ny u c ngha v ng gp vai tr nh gi nht
nh v cc u nhc im ca chng.
a) Phng php phn tch cc cuc gi bt thng
- y l phng n th cng mang tnh trc quan da trn kinh nghim ca ngi
nh gi.
- Ch thc hin trong phm vi t d liu.
- Phng php ny ch nhm sot li d liu tnh cc ch thng khng dng
nh gi cht lng ghi v tnh cc.
b) Phng php so snh vi thng k ca khch hng
- Phng php th cng v cn c s hp tc y v cht ch ca khch hng
s dng dch v.
- Ch thc hin trong phm vi t d liu.
- Phng php ny kh thc hin c thng xuyn v lin tc.
c) Phng php so snh cc gia cc im ghi cc
- Phng php so snh va n gin va c th thc hin vi tng s ln cc cuc
gi.
- Kt qu nh gi tng i chnh xc v cht lng tnh cc ti mi im ghi
cc trn mng.
- Phng php ny ch thc hin c khi c t nht 2 im ghi cc cho cng 1
cuc gi. Trn thc t, iu kin ny lun thc hin c vi cc cuc gi lin
tnh, di ng hoc quc t.
- Phng php so snh c th thc hin mt cch thng xuyn v t ng ho
bng chng trnh x l.
d) Phng php phn tch so snh vi s liu kt qu ca thit b o kim
- y l phng php chnh xc nht nh gi cht lng ghi cc cuc gi
ca tng i. Phng php ny khng p dng cho qu trnh x l v tnh cc.
- Phng php c th p ng vi tng s ln cc cuc gi.
- Phng php so snh c th t ng ho bng chng trnh x l.
- thc hin phng php ny, cc n v o kim t cc thit b o t trc
khi c cuc gi ti cc v tr thch hp trn mng c s liu so snh, kim tra.
Trn thc t phng php ny c p dng khi cn tin hnh kim tra, pht hin
41

li ghi cuc gi ca cc im ghi cc cng nh tin hnh kim nh h thng

ghi cc in thoi c nh v di ng ca mng vin thng cng cng.
Tm li, nh gi chnh xc v cht lng ghi cc, x l v tnh cc
ti cc im ghi cc ch yu dng phng php i sot vi s liu kt qu ca
thit b o kim. Phng php ny khng nhng p dng c cho mt s ln
cuc gi m cn c th t ng ho bng cc chng trnh phn mm lm cho
cng tc i sot tr nn d dng v thun tin. Ngoi ra kt qu phn tch ca
phng php ny cn gip tm ra nhng nguyn nhn gy li trong qui trnh ghi
cc cuc gi, x l v tnh cc.
2. Phng php o m phng cuc gi
Phng php o m phng cuc gi l s dng thit b m phng m
phng cc cuc gi: sau i chiu s liu m phng vi s liu ca tng i
ghi c. Trong iu kin mng li hot ng tt, phng php ny nh gi
kh chnh xc cht lng ghi cc ca thit b. V vy c th p dng phng
php ny trong o kim thit b trc khi ho mng, o tham s ghi cc ca h
thng ghi cc tng i trong iu kin ti lu lng cuc gi ca h thng
khng qu ln.
Nhc im ca phng php ny l: iu kin o kim khng st vi thc
t; khng gip xc nh chnh xc cc nguyn nhn gy ghi cc sai l do thit b
ghi cc hay do li mng gy nn. Cc bi o ca phng php ny cn lu
n: thng s thi gian lin lc ca cuc gi m phng; S cuc gi m phng
trong mt n v thi gian (ti lu lng cuc gi m phng) cn c tnh ton
ph hp vi cu hnh tng i, s lng ng dy thu bao ca mt tng i v
tinh u vo my o m phng phi ph hp dung lng thc t ca tng i v
tinh.
3. Phng php o kim ghi cc da trn c s "bt gi" bn tin bo hiu
lin i
Phng php ny yu cu: mt my o bo hiu u ni trn knh bo hiu
lin i ca tng i cn kim tra bt gi ghi li tt c cc bn tin bo hiu
lin i trong qu trnh thit lp v gii phng cuc gi; mt cng c phn mm
x l cc bn tin bo hiu ghi c thnh cc s liu cc cuc gi.
u im ca phng php ny l:
- m bo o kim nh gi khch quan thit b ghi cc vi bt k iu kin
hot ng no ca h thng;

42

- C th o kim thi gian di vi s lng ln cuc gi c thng k m khng

nh hng ti hot ng bnh thng ca h thng.
- Tr gip phn tch xc nh chnh xc cc nguyn nhn gy ghi cc sai l do
thit b ghi cc hay do li mng gy nn.
Nhc im: Khng o kim c i vi cc cuc gi ni i. Tuy nhin
vic ng dng o kim cc cuc gi ni i rt hn hu.
Nhn xt: c th thy rng phng php o kim cc ghi cc da trn c
s "bt gi" bn tin bo hiu lin i c phm vi p dng rng hn, c th phc
v cng tc o kim nh chnh xc ghi cc h thng tng i v tr gip
cng tc x l nng cao cht lng mng li tt hn. Do vy nn s dng
phng php o kim gim st bo hiu lin i o kim nh gi cht lng
ghi cc ca h thng ghi cc; ng thi vn s dng phng php m phng
cuc gi trong nhng iu kin nht nh. Kt qu kho st, tm hiu thc t o
kim ch tiu chnh xc ghi cc i vi h thng ca mt s nh cung cp
dch v in thoi di ng nh Vinaphone, Mobifonedch v in thoi c nh
nh VTN, Vin thng H Ni, cho thy trong bi o thc t i vi dch v in
thoi di ng t l s mu o gia hai phng php o m phng v phng php
o kim gim st bo hiu lin i l 1/9, cn i vi dch v in thoi c nh l
khong 2/8.
7.3.3 Bi o chnh xc ghi cc
7.3.3.1 o kim cc giao thc mng v bo hiu
Kt ni mng vi bo hiu SS7 l mt yu t ch yu trong s thnh cng
ca thoi trn IP bi v c kh l nhiu dch v ang c thc hin trn mng
hin nay thng qua cng ngh mng bo hiu s 7. chuyn c nhng dch
v ny sang min IP v cho php cung cp nhng dch v IP mi nh ch cuc
gi Internet hay duyt Web khng dy, bo hiu trong mng IP cn phi c s kt
hp cht ch gia mng SS7 v mng IP.
Vn cung cp dch v ny c thc hin ti lp dch v mng, l ni
cc chc nng mng v kh nng ca mng bao gm khi to kt ni, nh
tuyn, tnh cc, bin dch giao thc v dch v - c tin hnh thng qua thng
tin bo hiu v tip nhn bo hiu (phng din iu khin). Cc nh cung cp
dch v c th to ra nhng dch v nh th trong mng IP, h c th s dng bo
hiu SS7 trong mng IP (bng cch ti bo hiu SS7 qua IP) thc hin vic
nhng c s d liu v cung cp nhng dch v mng thng minh.

43

Chuyn
mch mm

Hnh 31. S khi chuyn i t chuyn mch knh sang chuyn mch mm
Kin trc NGN i vi iu khin cuc gi a phng tin (nh thoi,
video...) c sn sinh bi ba thnh phn thc hin nhng chc nng ch yu cn
cho c hai vic: thit lp, qun l cuc gi v kt hp vi cc mng hin ti.
l:
- Chuyn mch mm
- Media Gateway
- Cc giao thc bo hiu
- Giao thc iu khin cuc gi: cho php thit lp mt truyn thng media t
mt thit b u cui ny n mt thit b u cui khc hoc n mt my ch.
Nhng giao thc c la chn l H.323 (ITU-T) v SIP (IETF).
- Giao thc iu khin gateway: tu thuc vo s phn chia gia lp truyn ti v
lp iu khin, cho php MGC (media gateway controller) iu khin cc media
gateway. Giao thc c la chn l H.248/MEGACO (ITU-T/IETF) and MGCP
(IETF).
Giao thc iu khin kt ni gia cc MGC: dnh cho vic qun l trong lp iu
khin. Trong mng ng trc, nhng giao thc c la chn l Bearer
Independent Call Control (BICC) v H.323 ca ITU-T, v SIP-T (IETF). Tu theo
vic kt ni vi mng hin ti (c th l vi mng bo hiu SS7), giao thc trin
khai cho gateway bo hiu l SIGTRAN (IETF).

44

7.3.3.2 S dng cc my o bo hiu chuyn dng:

Link C7, giao thc

Hnh 32. S o kim tra chnh xc ghi cc

Yu cu v my o bo hiu: my o c kh nng o c cc bo hiu,
giao thc: SS7, ISUP (IP, SSL/HSL TDM/ATM), SIGTRAN, SIP
Tin hnh o gim st bo hiu cc cuc gi theo cc hng khc nhau.
My o bo hiu c th o cc bn tin chi tit cuc gi theo cc th tc,
giao thc. Lc cc cuc gi ny ly cc thng tin dng cho ghi cc. Thi gian
bt u ghi cc l thi gian nhn c bn tin (ANM hoc ACM), khong thi
gian m thoi (duration) c tnh t bn tin ANM n bn tin REL hoc RLC
tu theo gii phng mch t pha ch gi hay b gi.
S dng my o m phng cuc gi:
Tin hnh thit lp, u ni v pht cc cuc gi t my o m phng s
dng cc thu bao d phng ca tng i (trong trng hp o in-service). S
dng my o m phng t gi cc cuc gi theo cc thi gian 3s, 6s, 30s, 60s,
120s, 180s..., thc t cho thy my o m phng ch cho php kim tra tng s
cuc gi m khng kim tra c lch v khong thi gian gia cuc gi so vi
ghi cc ca tng i. Do vy, s dng c my o bo hiu v my o m phng
cuc gi, tin hnh lp trnh my o m phng cuc gi u vng cuc gi theo
nhm thu bao gi i v gi v hoc gi trc tip ra ngoi (vo my fax hoc my
t ng tr li). S dng my o bo hiu v bt bo hiu cc cuc gi m phng
ny.
Cc s liu v cuc gi ca my o m phng v my o bo hiu cng
nh s liu v cc ca tng i c kim tra s c phn tch so snh (s

45

dng phn mm) a ra kt lun chnh xc v kh nng ghi cc ca tng i cn

kim tra theo cc hng v theo cc dch v.
S lng cuc gi kim tra c thc hin theo s lng cuc gi gim st
hoc m phng cuc gi.
S liu v ghi cc bao gm y cc thng tin v cuc gi bao gm: ch
gi, b gi, ngy, gi bt u, gi kt thc, khong thi gian m thoi, kiu cuc
gi, loi ch gi, loi b gi, ch th ghi cc, cuc gi dch v, ...
7.3.3.3 Bi o c th
1. Bi o chnh xc ghi cc in thoi c nh
- Cuc gi ni i
- Cuc gi ni tnh
- Cuc gi lin tnh
- Cuc gi sang mng di ng
- Cc cuc gi dch v.
Phng php o kim:
Kt hp Phng php M phng cuc gi v Phng php gim st bo hiu
Yu cu v my o bo hiu:
My o c kh nng o c cc bo hiu, giao thc: SS7, ISUP (IP,
SSL/HSL TDM/ATM), SIGTRAN, SIP, BICC
Bi o:
- S dng thit b m phng to 2000 cuc gi ni i Tng i cn kim tra c
di khc nhau t 1 giy - 6 pht.
- u Loop ti Tng i cn kim tra to gi 2000 cuc gi ng di c
di 1 giy - 6 pht. So snh s liu ghi cc ca tng i v cc cuc gi th.
- Gim st 8000 cuc gi thc trn lung kt ni bo hiu iu khin cuc gi
(SS7, SIGTRAN, SIP, BICC) lin i ca Tng i cn kim tra v so snh
vi s liu ghi cc ti tng i.
- Thc hin ly s liu ghi cc ca cc my o kim ngay sau khi kt thc o.
- So snh cc cuc gi m phng, gim st vi s liu ghi cc ti tng i.
- So snh vi cc tham s chnh xc ghi cc xc nh chnh xc ghi
cc ca tng i c nh mng vin thng cng cng.

46

My o m
phng cuc
gi

Tng i cn
kim tra
CDR
S liu ghi
cc
So snh, phn
tch, Kt qu

Hnh 33. S khi bi o m phng chnh xc ghi cc in thoi c nh

Tng i cn
kim tra

Cc lung kt ni bo
hiu

CDR
S liu ghi
cc

My gim st
bo hiu

So snh, phn
tch, Kt qu

S liu ghi cc
my o thu c

Cc im
chuyn mch
khc

Hnh 34. S khi bi o gim st chnh xc ghi cc in thoi c nh

2. Bi o chnh xc ghi cc in thoi di ng
- Cuc gi trong cng mt mng ca doanh nghip.
- Cuc gi lin mng: cuc gi sang cc mng di ng khc, cuc gi sang
mng c nh
- Cc cuc gi dch v.
Phng php o kim:
Kt hp Phng php M phng cuc gi v Phng php gim st bo hiu
Yu cu v my o bo hiu:
My o c kh nng o c cc bo hiu, giao thc: SS7, ISUP (IP,
SSL/HSL TDM/ATM), SIGTRAN, SIP, BICC
Bi o:
- M phng cuc gi ti a im o: S lng cuc gi ly mu l 1000 cuc
vo 2 gi cao im v 6 gi bnh thng mi ngy c di khc nhau 1 giy
- 6 pht v theo cc hng khc nhau (cc tnh hung cuc gi bao gm: cuc
gi c tr li; cuc gi khng tr li, bn, thng bo, cuc gi h tr dch v,
): Trong cng 1 mng di ng mt t cng cng;

47

- Gim st 9000 cuc gi theo hng lin mng:

+ T mng di ng ca DNCCDV sang cc mng di ng khc;
+ T mng di ng ca DNCCDV sang mng c nh: n 1 s thu bao, n
04116, 04119, 041080, 081080, 08119...).
- Thc hin ly s liu ghi cc ca cc my o kim ngay sau khi kt thc o.
- So snh cc cuc gi m phng, gim st vi s liu ghi cc ti tng i.
- So snh vi cc tham s chnh xc ghi cc xc nh chnh xc ghi
cc ca tng i di ng mng vin thng cng cng.
My o m
phng cuc
gi

Tng i di
ng cn kim
tra
CDR
S liu ghi
cc
So snh, phn
tch, Kt qu

Hnh 35. S khi bi o m phng chnh xc ghi cc in thoi di ng

Tng i di ng
cn kim tra

Cc lung kt ni bo hiu

CDR
S liu ghi cc

My gim st bo
hiu

So snh, phn
tch, Kt qu

S liu ghi cc
my o thu c

Cc im chuyn
mch khc

Hnh 36. S khi bi o gim st chnh xc ghi cc in thoi di ng

7.4 Kt lun
Da trn cc ti liu, s c a ra v nhng phn tch, nhn xt, nh
gi, cn c vo mc ch, yu cu xy dng QCVN, ban bin son QCVN quyt
nh la chn ch tiu chnh xc ghi cc trong khuyn ngh CCITT E.433
(thuc ITU) v cc quy chun QCVN 35:2011/BTTTT, QCVN 36:2011/BTTTT
lm s c chnh xy dng b tiu chun.

48

7.5 Hnh thc thc hin

Hnh thc v khun dng ca d tho quy chun k thut tun th cc quy
nh ca Thng t 23/2007/TT-BKHCN ngy 28 thng 9 nm 2007 ca B Khoa
hc v Cng ngh v hng dn xy dng, thm nh v ban hnh quy chun k
thut.
8 Cch thc xy dng quy chun k thut
8.1 Tn b quy chun k thut
Quy chun k thut quc gia v chnh xc h thng ghi cc ca mng
in thoi c nh v di ng mt t cng cng
8.2 B cc ca b quy chun k thut
B quy chun k thut c xy dng vi b cc nh sau:
1. Quy nh chung
1.1.

Phm vi iu chnh

1.2.

i tng p dng

1.3.

Gii thch t ng

2. Quy nh v k thut
2.1. T l cuc gi b ghi cc sai
2.2. T l thi gian m thoi b ghi cc sai
3. Quy nh v qun l
4. Trch nhim ca t chc, c nhn
5. T chc thc hin
Ph lc
8.3 Cch bin son bn D tho b Quy chun k thut
Cc ni dung chnh ca bn d tho c bin son nh sau:
1.

Phm vi iu chnh: T xy dng trn c s tham kho mc 1.1 ca Quy

chun quc gia 35:2011/BTTTT v quy chun quc gia 36:2011/BTTTT.

2.

i tng p dng: T xy dng trn c s tham kho mc 1.2 ca Quy

chun quc gia 35:2011/BTTTT v quy chun quc gia 36:2011/BTTTT.

3.

Gii thch t ng: Tham kho thut ng Lut Vin thng v mc 1.3 ca Quy
chun quc gia 35:2011/BTTTT

4.

Quy nh v ch tiu chnh xc ghi cc

49

4.1. T l cuc gi b ghi cc sai: tham kho khuyn ngh CCITT E.433 v
cc Quy chun quc gia 35:2011/BTTTT v quy chun quc gia
36:2011/BTTTT.
4.2. T l thi gian m thoi b ghi cc sai: tham kho khuyn ngh
CCITT E.433 v cc Quy chun quc gia 35:2011/BTTTT v quy chun
quc gia 36:2011/BTTTT.
Quy nh nguyn tc lm trn: Cc doanh nghip cung cp dch v khc
nhau c cch lm trn khc nhau: c DNCCDV lm trn theo nguyn tc s hc
(so snh phn l ca giy vi 0,5 giy), VNPT lm trn phn l thi gian ca mt
cuc gi tnh theo giy nh hn 01 giy c lm trn thnh 0 giyDo ,
thng nht cch lm trn cho cc DNCCDV ng thi m bo quyn li cho
ngi s dng dch v, d tho quy chun quy nh nguyn tc lm trn l:
Phn l thi gian ca mt cuc gi tnh theo giy nh hn 01 giy c lm
trn thnh 0 giy.
8.4 i chiu gia ti liu tham kho v bn d tho b Quy chun k thut
So snh, i chiu v mt ni dung v hnh thc gia bn d tho B quy
chun k thut vi ti liu tham chiu chnh.
Bng 1: i chiu tiu chun tham kho vi b quy chun k thut
Quy chun quc Tiu chun tham
gia QCVN
kho
xxx:xxxx

Sa i, b
sung

L do

1. Phm vi iu QCVN
chnh
35:2011/BTTTT,
QCVN
36:2011/BTTTT

T xy dng

ph hp vi mc ch
xy dng quy chun k
thut l phc v cng tc
kim nh thit b vin
thng v i v tuyn
in

2. i tng p
dng

T xy dng

C quan qun l nh
nc v cc doanh
nghip cung cp dch v

3. Gii thch t
ng

T xy dng

y v hp l

4. Quy nh v Mc 5 CCITT Chp thun mt Ch tiu k thut ca

ch tiu chnh E.433
phn
quc t c tnh n iu
xc ghi cc
kin thc t mng li
ca Vit Nam v nhm
50

m bo tnh kh thi
thc t hin nay.
4.1. T l cuc QCVN
gi b ghi cc 35:2011/BTTTT,
sai
QCVN
36:2011/BTTTT

Chp
thun y v hp l
nguyn vn

4.2. T l thi QCVN

gian m thoi b 35:2011/BTTTT,
ghi cc sai
QCVN
36:2011/BTTTT

Chp thun
y v hp l
nguyn vn, b
sung nguyn tc
lm trn thi
gian cho cuc
gi

51

Ti liu tham kho

1. Recommendations Series E of ITU-T 2006: Overall network operation,
telephone service,service operation and human factors;
2. Recommendations Series E of ITU-T 2006: Overall network operation,
telephone service,service operation and human factors;
3. Recommendations Series D of ITU-T 2006 : General tariff principles;
4. Recommendations Series Q of ITU-T 2006: Switching and signalling;
5. ITU-T E 260: Basic technical problems concerning the measurement and
recording of call durations;
6. ITU-T E 230: Chargeable duration of calls;
7. ITU-T D110: Charging and accounting for conference calls;
8. ITU-T D 212: Charging and accounting principles for the use of Signaling
System No.7;
9. E.433 CCITT: Quality of service, net work management and traffic
engineering Billing integrity;
10. ETR 223 ETSI: Network functionalities for charging, billing and
accounting;
11. ETR 055-3 ETSI: Service aspects of charging, billing and accounting;
12. ETR 055 ETSI: Requirements on charging, billing and accounting;
13. TCN 68 - 179: 1999 Tng i in t s dung lng ln - Yu cu k
thut;
14. QCVN 35:2011/BTTTT quy chn k thut quc gia v cht lng dch - v
in thoi trn mng vin thng c nh mt t;
15. QCVN 36:2011/BTTTT quy chn quc gia v chnh xc ghi cc in
thoi trn mng vin thng di ng mt t;
16. Ensuring telephone bills are accurate UK;
17. Standard for Telecommunications Metering systems and Billing Systems
OTR003: 2001 - Tiu chun cht lng tnh cc v ghi cc ca Anh l
OTR 003.
18. Meeting customer needs for accurate telephone bills Oftel;
19. Industry Code Call charging and billing accuracy ACIF C518:2006;
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20. Australian Standard AS 3905.9-1996 Part 9: Guide to AS/NZS ISO

9001:1994 for telecommunications call charging and call billing.
21. HKTA 3104 Issue 2 12/2005 Quality assurance manual for Billing and
Metering integrity scheme.
22. HKTA 3105 Issue 2 12/2005 requirements on the assurance, reporting and
monitoring procedures for the Billing and Metering integrity scheme.
23. Consultation Paper on billing and metering accuracy of public
telecommunications services in Hong Kong;
24. Telecom regulatory authority of India notification, New Delhi, the 21st
March, 2006 ;
25. Ti liu hng Spirent, Sunrise Telecom, GL Telecommunication, Tektronix,
26. ti M s: 37-01-KHKT-RD, Ch tr: KS. Nguyn Hu Dng, KS. V
Anh Tun Nghin cu xy dng phn mm nh gi chnh xc ghi
cc v cht lng mng vin thng
27. Tp san Kt qu Nghin cu Khoa hc v Cng ngh - Vin KHKT Bu
in, 2002 o kim nh gi chnh xc ghi cc, KS. V Anh Tun,
28. ti Phng php lun nh gi cht lng ghi cc ti cc h thng
chuyn mch trn mng vin thng, V Anh Tun, Ban Vin thng, VNPT.
29. ITU-T Q.761: Signalling system No. 7 ISDN user part functional
description:
30. ITU-T Q1901: Bearer independent call control protocol;
31. Http://www.sigtran.org
32. Http://www.IETF.org
33. RFC 3331: Signaling System 7 (SS7) Message Transfer Part 2 (MTP2) User Adaptation Layer;
34. RFC 3332: Signaling System 7 (SS7) Message Transfer Part 3 (MTP3) User Adaptation Layer (M3UA);
35. RFC 3261: SIP: Session Initiation Protocol;
36. RFC 2719: Framework Architecture for Signaling Transport.

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