As it moves, air flowing around the wings creates lift. The lift increases as the plane gathers speed. The plane takes off once there's enough lift to overtake gravity.
How do planes fly ?
Four forces push and pull an airplane in flight. The wings
act as an airfoil and produce an upward force called lift. The opposite of lift is the force of gravity, which pulls the aircraft downward. A force called drag, caused by air resistance, slows an airplane down.
How does it land?
To land, the airspeed and the rate of descent are reduced
such that the object descends at a low enough rate to allow for a gentle touch down. Landing is accomplished by slowing down and descending to the runway. This speed reduction is accomplished by reducing thrust and/or inducing a greater amount of drag using flaps, landing gear or speed brakes. When a fixed-wing aircraft approaches the ground, the pilot will move the control column back to execute a flare or round-out. This increases the angle of attack. Progressive movement of the control column back will allow the aircraft to settle onto the runway at minimum speed, landing on its main wheels first in the case of tricycle aircraft or on all three wheels simultaneously in the case of a conventional landing gear-equipped aircraft, commonly referred to as a "tail dragger". This is known as flaring.