Chin lc nh v quc t cho

ngnh cng nghip ca H Ni

H Ni
20, thng 12, 2006

Kenichi Ohno
ng gim c, VDF

Cc ni dung chnh
(1) Gii thiu VDF
(2) nh hng chnh sch cho Vit Nam v
H Ni
(3) Phng php hoch nh chnh sch
(4) Trn thy tinh, thch thc t Trung Quc
v chin lc sn xut tch hp
(5) T duy v mc tiu chin lc

(1) Gii thiu v Din n Pht

trin Vit Nam (VDF)

Thnh lp nm 2004 vi s ti tr ca Nht Bn

D n nghin cu phi hp gia Vin Nghin cu
Chnh sch Quc gia Nht Bn (GRIPS) ti Tokyo, v
Trng i hc Kinh t Quc dn (NEU) H Ni
Mc tiu: (1) i mi cng tc nghin cu
(2) nh hng chnh sch v xy dng
mng li v nhn lc v thng tin
(3) Pht huy nng lc nghin cu ca cc
ti nng tr ca Vit nam

Hi tho

Vn phng

H tr chnh sch cng nghip

ca VDF

Nghin cu v iu tra v ngnh in t, xe my, t, thp,

nng lng, cng nghip ph tr, c s h tng, cu trc kinh
doanh, c s d liu, v.v...
Phi hp vi B Cng Nghip (MOI) t chc kho st ti Thi
Lan, Malaysia, Nht Bn v so snh phng php hoch nh
chnh sch, quy hoch tng th v s tham gia ca cng ng
doanh nghip trong hoch nh chnh sch
Qui hoch tng th cng nghip ph tr phi hp vi MOI
tin hnh cc cuc iu tra v cc nghin cu c lin quan
Qui hoch tng th ngnh xe my VDF l iu phi gia MOI,
cc doanh nghip v chuyn gia; phng php hoch nh mi,
Nghin cu v H Ni (trnh by trong hi tho ny)

Cc n phm ca VDF v chnh

sch cng nghip, 2005-2007

Hon thin chin lc pht trin cng nghip Vit

Nam (Ting Anh & Ting Vit, Thng 3, 2005).
Hoch nh chnh sch cng nghip Thi Lan,
Malaysia v Nht Bn (Ting Anh & Ting Vit, thng 9, 2006).
Cng nghip ph tr Vit Nam di gc nhn ca
cc nh sn xut Nht Bn (Ting Anh, Ting Vit & Ting
Nht, thng 6, 2006).

Cng nghip ho ca cc nc ang pht trin: phn

tch ca cc kinh t gia Nht Bn (Ting Anh & Ting Nht,
thng 11,2006).

Mi trng v chnh sch kinh doanh ca H Ni

(Ting Vit & Ting Anh, thng 12, 2006)

n phm ca VDF (tip)

Pht trin kinh t Nht Bn (Ting Nht, 2005. Ting

Anh & Ting Hoa, 2006)

Xy dng cng nghip ph tr ti Vit Nam

(Ting Anh & Ting Vit, sp xut bn u nm 2007)

(2) nh hng chnh sch cho

Vit Nam

M ca thng mi v FDI

T do ho tng bc l khng hiu qu; cn to mi trng kinh

doanh t do nht khu vc ng v s dng n lm c s xy
dng nn kinh t th trng ti Vit Nam

y mnh mi lin kt gia cc doanh nghip

FDI v ni a

Phn tch ti sao cc nc ASEAN khc chm chp trong vic thit
lp lin kt gia cc doanh nghip FDI v nh nhp khu nc ngoi

Hc tp kinh nghim pht trin sn xut theo

m hnh tch hp
Chin lc ny l cn thit trnh cnh tranh trc tip vi Trung
Quc v ph v trn thy tinh

T duy v mc tiu chin lc

Chin lc marketing v xc tin chung s khng mang li hiu qu

Cc vn ca H Ni

Tr thnh thnh ph c mi trng kinh doanh tt hn

Hon thin phng php xy dng chnh sch, th tc hnh chnh, thi thn
thin vi doanh nghip
<Ch s cnh tranh cp tnh ca VCCI>
-H Ni ng th 14 trn 42 (2005)
-H Ni ng th 40 trn 64 (2006)

Cc vn chin lc trong lp k hoch pht trin cng

nghip
--Kh nng pht trin mi quan h sn xut gia Trung Quc v Min Bc Vit
Nam?
--Tp trung sn xut my in/my photo v xe my?
--Mc tiu marketing: Thu ht cc cng ty FDI c trnh chuyn mn cao

Cc vn ca H Ni (tip)

Hot ng cng nghip theo khu vc a l

M rng cc khu cng nghip t H Ni n cc tnh ln cn;
H Ni s c m rng hn

Giao thng v Hu cn

-- Tip cn nhanh hn ti Hi Phng v Ci Ln

-- Gim tc nghn giao thng th
-- Tc v cng sut cao hn cho Sn bay Ni Bi
-- Ku gi cc cng ty hu cn tham gia u t

p dng cc tiu chun quc t

-- H Ni phi tr thnh mt a phng dn u c nc v
qun l mi trng, giao thng, quyn s hu tr tu, v.v...

(3) Phng php hoch nh

chnh sch
<Hai vn trong chnh sch cng nghip Vit nam>

Thiu s tham gia ca cng ng doanh nghip

--Cc mc tiu v phn tch thiu thc t khng c s ng h

ca doanh nghip

Thiu s thng nht gia cc c quan ca nh nc

(cc b, cc v)
--Cc chnh sch thiu k hoch hnh ng c th

Cc vn trn rt c th ti Vit Nam, khng c Nht

Bn, Thi Lan hoc Malaysia.
Ti Vit Nam, min Bc c nh gi l km hn min
Nam; nhng mt s tnh tr nn thn thin hn vi cng
ng doanh nghip

Thi Lan (di thi Thaksin, 2001-2006)

Quan h 3 bn gia cc vin chuyn ngnh v cc y ban

Th tng

C th ho cc nh
hng chnh sch

Ra lnh

B Lin quan

--Qui hoch tng th

--Thc hin
--Gim st
--iu chnh

Cc u ban chuyn
ngnh c th

u vo
trc tip

Vin Cng nghip

chuyn ngnh
Khu vc t nhn

Chuyn gia

Malaysia:
K hoch tng th pht trin cng nghip 3 (IMP3),
2006-2020
338 thnh vin + nhn vin h tr; Thi gian son tho thc tkhong 2 nm
U ban K hoch
Cng nghip (IPC)
U ban thng trc (SC)

ng u l cn b ca MITI; thnh vin t

MITI, EPU, cc c quan kinh t, doanh
nghip (23)

Marketing/
thng hiu

Hu cn

Pht trin vng

Dch v

Thc y cng gh
& ICT

Pht trin ngun

Nhn lc

Pht trin SME

u t

Ngoi thng

Khung v m

iu phi/
C vn

MITI MATRADE MIDA SMIDEC MEF/ MDC

business
(38)
(19)
(23)
(19)
(34)
(25)

ng u l B trng MITI; Thnh vin

t MITI, EPU, cc c quan kinh t (27)

DN

DN

MITI

MIDA :Trng TRG

(40)

(39)

(26)

(25)

Ngun: Website ca MITI

Ch : S trong ngoc kp l s thnh vin ca mi nhm hay mi hi ng

Nhm tr gip
k thut (TRGs)

Malaysia:
Qu trnh son tho IMP3
IPC: U ban k hoch cng nghip (ng u l B trng MITI)
SC: U ban thng trc (ng u bi quan chc cp cao MITI)
TRGs: Nhm tr gip k thut (do nhiu chuyn gia ph trch)

Bt u: Thng 9, 2004

IPC

SC

T. 3 nm 2005

Bn tho
1, thu thp
tng

SC

tng

Tp hp TRG v
lm vic

Xem xt v ti liu thu

thp t khu vc t
nhn v MITI

T4.2006?

SC
Hin nay (T.1
nm 2006)

IPC

MITI
TRG iu chnh
thm ni dung

MITI

Kt thc

MITI iu chnh
cui cng v s
liu v vn bn

TRG vi cc cng vic

pht sinh

Cc kin ca doanh nghip c th hin qua TRGs v bn bc tho lun trc tip

Vit Nam:
Th

Qu trnh son tho qhi hoch tng th truyn thng

Ra Lnh

trnh

tng
Xem xt
ph duyt

B trng

nh gi
lin b

Nhm son
tho

trnh

MPI & cc b
khc

D liu

nh gi
ni b

MPI & cc B
khc

Chnh ph

Th trnh by vi

Th tng khi c
vn ny sinh

Lin h vi

B khi cn

Hi ngh tham
vn (i khi)

Tr gip k
thut (i
khi)
Chuyn gia
quc t

Cng ng doanh nghip

Khng c knh i thoi thng xuyn v chnh sch
(tng trng hp, tm thi, khng theo th thc)

H Ni c tng tc hiu qu vi cc
i tc c lin quan hay khng?
(chng 1 ca cun sch)

Khng c mt c quan chuyn trch h tr doanh

nghip ton din nh Trung tm xc tin u t v
thng mi TP H Ch Minh (ITPC). S K hoch v
u t ca H Ni qu bn rn v khng nhn lc
thc hin. C Trung tm h tr SME (2005)?
Vic cm ng k xe my m thiu s ng h ca
doanh nghip v ngi tiu dng khng hiu qu
H Ni tip nhn 1,6 t $ vn FDI trong nm 2005;
nhng dng nh ch yu do li th v v tr a l ch
khng phi s chuyn bin hu hiu v chnh sch

Tng tc vi cc i tc lin
quan? (tip)

K hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi, 2001-2005 & 20062010 (do S KH-T H Ni son tho) qu trnh
hoch nh v c bn thiu s tham gia ca doanh
nghip
Chng trnh phi hp pht trin v qun l mi trng
(HAIDEP) do UBND Tp. H Ni & JICA -- Trin lm cho
cng chng (Thng 8, 2006)

C ci thin, nhng cha tr thnh a

phng hng u ca quc gia

H tr ca VDF cho Qui hoch tng

th ngnh xe my (B Cng Nghip)

Ma xun 2006, Nhm cng cc chung (JWG) c thnh lp

son tho Qui hoch tng th ngnh xe my.
17 thnh vin t IPSI/MOI, cc nh lp rp xe my, chuyn gia, v
VDF
Ci thin iu kin kinh doanh v iu phi gia cc b
Bn cui c th hon thnh vo cui thng 5 nm 2007

www.vdf.org.vn/jwg.htm

T chc son
tho

B Cng Nghip
Ph chun qui hoch tng th

Nhm cng tc chung v ngnh xe my

Cc B,
ngnh
c lin
quan

IPSI/MOI

VDF
iu phi vin

Cc chuyn gia

Cc nh lp rp

Thng tin v
phn tch

kin

Nh lp rp

Nh cung cp
thit b

Chuyn gia

(4) Trn thy tinh, Thch thc t

Trung Quc, v Chin lc sn xut
tch hp
Hp th
cng ngh
Tch t

Giai on 1
Cng nghip ch to
gin n vi s ch
dn ca nc ngoi

Vit Nam

Giai oan 2
c cng nghip
h tr nhng vn
cn s ch dn ca
nc ngoi

Thi Lan, Malaysia

Sng to

Giai on bn

Giai on ba

C nng lc sng
to v thit k sn
phm dn u trn
th trng ton cu

Lm ch cng
ngh v qun l,
c th sn xut
hng ho vi cht
lng cao

Nht Bn, Hoa

K, EU

Hn Quc, i
Loan
Trn thy tinh cho cc
nc ASEAN

Bi hc t
Thi Lan & Malaysia
Thnh cngTng trng n tng v cng nghip
ho c dn dt bi FDI vi chnh sch hp l
Tht bi ) Nng lc ca khu vc kinh t t nhn trong
nc cn yu sau nhiu thp k cng nghip ho

Ph thuc vo bn ngoi
Khng tip thu c gi tr v nng lc
Nguy c v p lc tin lng v vic dch
chuyn FDI ti Trung Quc v Vit Nam
iu ny do chnh sch khng ph hp hay do
tnh cch con ngi?

Thi Lan v Malaysia pht hin ra nhng im yu ny v c

gng h tr cc doanh nghip SMEs, to mi lin kt FDI v cc
doanh nghip ni a, cng c chui gi tr, to lp cc ngnh cng
nghip c gi tr cao, v.v...

i ph vi Trung quc

S l khng khn ngoan nu cnh tranh trc tip

vi Trung Quc v cng sn phm, th trng v
cng ngh.
Vit Nam nn chn v th b sung so vi Trung
Quc (s dng u vo ca Trung Quc ch khng cnh tranh vi sn phm
Trung Quc)

thc hin iu ny, l thuyt cu trc kinh doanh

l hu dng.
trnh ng u vi Trung Quc, thc hin
chin lc sn xut tch hp hn l m-un
L thuyt cu trc kinh doanh ca GS. Fujimoto (i hc Tokyo), tham kho
cc n phm ca VDF, thng 9 v thng 11, 2006.

Sn xut theo m hnh M-un

Sn xut theo m hnh tch hp

c im chung Cc linh kin ph bin v c th s

ca linh kin
dng cho mi mu sn phm

Mi sn phm c linh kin ring,

thit k ring

u im

Kt qu nhanh v linh hot

Khng ngng theo ui mc tiu

cht lng

Nhc im

Khng d bit, c nhiu doanh

nghip tham gia, li nhun thp,
thiu R & D

Tn nhiu thi gian v cng sc

t kt qu

Yu cu v t
chc

Ci m, ra quyt nh nhanh, linh

hot trong la chn ngun cung cp
linh kin

Quan h lu di, thc ly c k

nng v kin thc ring

Kt qu

Thi gian

Thi gian

Kh nng cng tc
Quan im cu trc kinh doanh
Cc nc sn xut
tch hp

T vic so snh quan im cu

trc kinh doanh, s kt hp
gia Nht Bn =ASEAN, Hoa
K=Trung Quc c th to hiu
qu cao

Trung
Quc

Nht Bn

Cc nc sn xut
Modun

i Loan

Hoa K

pht
trin

ASEA

Ngun: Trch t bi pht biu

ca GS.Takahiro Fujimoto trong
chuyn kho st ca VDF v B
CN, Thng 6, 2005.

C kh nng khng
cnh tranh trc tip
nu sn phm c
chn la thch hp

Tim nng

ang
pht
trin

Nht Bn: Vn gi ho

Nht Bn c cng ngh cao, lng cao v dn

s gi ho
Vn 2007 Th h sinh sau chin tranh
(sinh nm 1947-49) c tay ngh cao chun b v
hu
u im ca sn xut tch hp khng th pht
huy y nu s dng lao ng khng c k
nng ti cc nc ang pht trin
Nht Bn cn mt quc gia ang pht trin tr l
i tc tin cy trong chin lc sn xut tch hp

Thp dn s

Nam

Nht Bn
2005

Nam

Ngun: Cc iu tra dn s Hoa K, D liu quc t.

Vit Nam
2005

n v:Triu
N

Lao ng sn xut
Monozukuri ti Nht Bn
Monozukuri c ngha l sn xut vi tay ngh cao, nhit huyt vi
cht lng sn phm hon thin
0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Thi
t k
Phun nha v cc cht do khc
Dp
K hoan (ct)
M i v nh bng
K nng cng ngh dt
Hn
S n
Qun l quy trnh s n xut
S a cha v i
u chnh thi
t b
Th i u h t 1

Th i u h t 3

Th a

K h n g tr l i

Th i u h t 2

Ngun: White Paper on Monozukuri, 2005.

Gii quyt 2 vn
ph v trn thy tinh v i ph vi Trung
Quc, cn phi thc hin nhng cng vic
sau:

y mnh pht trin ngun nhn lc

Lp trung tm o to, h thng danh ting, ci cch ti cc trng i hc,
o to ti nc ngoi, khuyn khch dng chy cht xm tr v, s dng
chng trnh OTS & JODC v.v..

Thc y pht trin cng nghip h tr:

H

tr SME (HRD, cng ngh, ti chnh), mi cc nh sn xut FDI , cc tiu

chun cng nghip, tiu chun cht lng v kim tra cht lng, dch v
hp tc cng nghip a phng v FDI, pht trin mng li khuyn
khch MSE, Hi ch thng mi, c s d liu, s dng dch v ca JETRO.

Vn c, N lc mi

Pht trin cng nghip h tr v ngun nhn lc l

nhng vn c ca ASEAN4. Chng c thc
y trong nhiu nm v Nht Bn ng h cho cc
n lc ny (xem MITI White Paper 1985).
Mc d n lc c thc hin lu di, nhng kt
qu cn khim tn ti cc quc gia ASEAN4.
Cha kho cho thnh cng l thc hin tt cc vn
c bn, khng nhy cc lnh vc nh cng
ngh cao, cng ngh sinh hc, cng ngh nano,
vt liu mi v.v...
Vit Nam nn sm t mc tiu pht tin m hnh
sn xut tch hp v Nht Bn cn h tr Vit Nam
thng qua cc kn chnh thc v c nhn

(5) T duy v mc tiu chin

lc
Cc chnh sch ca Vit Nam thng rt chung chung, th
ng v kh cng. N cn c xy dng li c nh
hng, mc tiu, hnh ng v k hoch c th.

<Hot ng Marketing FDI>

Cc vn v
chnh sch
-Lut & chnh sch
khng r rng
-Chi ph kh d ong
-Quan liu & chm tr

Cc hnh thc
Marketing ph bin
-Hi ch, trin lm
-Lng nghe kin
khch hng
-Danh mc cc d n
u tin

Mc tiu chin lc
- Mt vi doanh nghp
c th
-Thng c h tr
v u ca
cc quan chc

Cc cng ty FDI s khng ngi ch u t. Vit Nam cn c

cc mc tiu c th v ngnh cn u t, quc gia cn thu ht
u t cng nh cc cng ty mun thu ht u t. iu i
hi cch tip cn ring, c th i vi cc cng ty mc tiu vi
nhng iu kin hp dn.

Khuyn khch pht trin cng

nghip h tr (SI) a phng v
FDI
Nghin cu ban u
- SI l g?
- Ti sao SI li quan trng?
- iu tra v SI

Marketing v m
- Qui hoch tng th v SI
- Cc bin php khuyn khch
- Website, c s d liu

Mc tiu chin lc
- Xc nh cc SMEs mc tiu
- xut c bit v h tr
- Gn vi ODA, JETRO

<Malaysia>
-- Theo hip nh thng mi Nht Bn-Malaysia, Cng ty Toyota & Honda phi hp gi
k s n cc SMEs a phng v hun luyn cc k nng c bn v khun v c.
Ngn hng JBIC cung cp tn dng (2006).

<Indonesia>
--Din n u t Kinh doanh chnh ph cp cao gia Nht Bn v Indonesia thnh lp
Hip hi cng nghip Khun v c (2005). Nhiu n lc song phng c thc hin
nng cao tay ngh v h thng cp php. Nhiu bin php khc cng c xut.

<Thi Lan>
--Cng vin cng ngh Ota c thnh lp ti
ngoi Bangkok (thng 6, 2006): h tr tin thu
mt bng cho cc SMEs n t Ota Ward, Tokyo
--D n h tr ngnh cng nghip t: JETRO
(iu phi), Denso (o to v kaizen), Toyota
(o to v h thng kanban system), Honda (o
to k nng v khun v c), Nissan (xy dng
h thng tiu chun, giy php)

Ota Techno Park ti Khu cng nghip

Amata Nakorn, Thi Lan (cch
Bangkok gn 1 gi)

<VDF phng vn lnh o b phn h tr doanh nghip ca

OTa Ward> (Tokyo, thng 9, 2006)
Cc doanh nghip SME ti Ota Ward l ngi phn phi cp hai.
Chng ti s n Vit Nam nu Vit Nam c nhiu ngi cung ng
cp 1 hn. Chng ti c bit rng mi trng kinh doanh ca Vit
Nam y ri ro v thiu tin cy. Chng ti cn c thm kinh nghim
ti Thi Lan trc khi n Vit Nam.

THE END