Exercise 1 :

Water Injection:
- Oil is displaced by water
- horizontal
- pattern : direct line drive
- diffused flow condition
- pressure is being maintained at its initial value
Table of rock relative permeability functions for water and oil
Sw
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45

krw
0
0.002
0.009
0.02
0.033
0.051

kro
0.8
0.61
0.47
0.37
0.285
0.22

Sw
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.8

krw
0.075
0.1
0.132
0.17
0.208
0.3

kro
0.163
0.12
0.081
0.05
0.027
0

Bo =1.3 rb/stb & Bw = 1.0 rb/stb

Case
1
2
3

Oil viscosity,cp
50
5
0.4

Water viscosity, cp
0.5
0.5
1

Compare the values of producing watercut (at surface conditions) and the
cumulative oil recovery at breakthrough for fluid combinations listed in the table
below !
Assume that the relative permeabilities and the PVT are the same for all three
cases

Solution :
For horizontal flow, fractional flow in reservoir is :
fw

1
k
1 w ro
k rw o

producing watercut at the surface, fws , is :

f ws

qw / Bw
qw / Bw qo / Bo

or can be expressed as :
1

f ws
1

Bw 1

1
Bo f w

The example of calculation No.2 :

Sw = 0.25 ; krw = 0.002 ; kro = 0.610
Kro/krw = 0.610/0.002 = 305

Case 1 (wo

fw

= 0.01)

1
w k ro
1
k rw o

fw = 1 / ( 1+ (305 x 0.01)) = 0.2469

Case 2 (wo

fw

= 0.1)

1
w k ro
1
k rw o

fw = 1 / ( 1+ (305 x 0.1)) = 0.0317

Case 3 (wo

fw

= 2.5)

1
k
1 w ro
k rw o

fw = 1 / ( 1+ (305 x 2.5)) = 0.0013

The three cases can be summarized as follows :

No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

Sw

krw

kro

0.200
0.250
0.300
0.350
0.400
0.450
0.500
0.550
0.600
0.650
0.700
0.750
0.800

0.000
0.002
0.009
0.020
0.033
0.051
0.075
0.100
0.135
0.170
0.208
0.251
0.300

0.800
0.610
0.470
0.370
0.285
0.220
0.163
0.120
0.081
0.050
0.027
0.010
0.000

fw
wo= 0.01 wo = 0.1 w/o = 2.5

0
0
0
305.000
0.2469
0.0317
0.0013
52.222
0.6569
0.1607
0.0076
18.500
0.8439
0.3509
0.0212
8.636
0.9205
0.5366
0.0443
4.314
0.9586
0.6986
0.0849
2.173
0.9787
0.8215
0.1554
1.200
0.9881
0.8929
0.2500
0.600
0.9940
0.9434
0.4000
0.294
0.9971
0.9714
0.5763
0.130
0.9987
0.9872
0.7550
0.040
0.9996
0.9960
0.9094
0.000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000

kro/krw

Fractional Flow Plots for different oil water viscosity ratio

Hasil-hasil dengan cara grafis Welge pada BT :

Case
1
2
3

Sw BT
0.28
0.45
0.8

fw Bt (res)
0.55
0.7
1

fw Bt (surf) Sw BT ave
0.61
0.34
0.75
0.55
1
0.8

Npd BT (PV)
0.14
0.35
0.6

Di permukaan fw lebih besar daripada di reservoir pada umumnya dari persamaan di

depannya.