Bt ng thc trung bnh iu ho.

Bi ton 1.
1
Cho hai cp s dng x1 , x2 v y1 , y2 ta c:

1 1
+
x1 x2

1 1
+
y1 y2

1
1
1
+
x1 + x2 y1 + y2

(1)

(1) gi l bt ng thc trung bnh iu ho i vi hai cp s.

Chng minh.
x1 y1
x y
( x + x )( y + y2 )
+ 2 2 1 2 1
x1 + y1 x2 + y2 x1 + x2 + y1 + y 2
( x1 + y1 + x2 + y2 ) [ x1 y1 ( x2 + y2 ) + x2 y2 ( x1 + y1 ) ] ( x1 + x2 )( y1 + y2 )( x2 + y2 )( x1 + y1 )

(1)

( x1 y2 x2 y1 ) 0, x1 , x2 , y1 , y2

M rng bi ton cho n s t nhin ta c

Mnh 1

Cho hai b n s t nhin xi , yi , i = 1, n (n N ) ta c:

n

1
i =1

1
+
xi yi

xi

(2)

1
n

i =1

i =1

(2) c gi l bt ng thc trung bnh iu ho vi hai b n s dng.

Chng minh
k

Gi s (2) ng vi n = k ngha l:

1
i =1

xi

1
+

1
yi

1
k

x y
i

i =1

i =1

ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi x1 : y1 = x2 : y2 = ... = xk : yk

Ta chng minh cho (2) ng vi n = k + 1. Tht vy,
k +1

1
i =1

xi

1
+

1
yi

=
i =1

1
1 1
+
xi yi

1
1
1
+
xk +1 yk +1

1
1
+
xk +1 yk +1

x y
i

i =1

p dng bt ng thc (1) cho hai cp s:

+
i

i =1

x ,x
i

i =1

k +1

y ,y
i

i =1

k +1

ta c:

1
1

1
k

x y
i

i =1

1
1
1
+
xk +1 yk +1

k +1

1
k +1

x y

i =1

i =1

i =1

k
k
xi : yi = xk +1 : yk +1
x1 : y1 = x2 : y2 = ... = xk +1 : yk +1
ng thc xy ra khi: i =1
i =1
x : y = x : y = ... = x : y
2
2
k
k
1 1

Vy, ta chng minh c (2).

Chng ta m rng (1) theo hng khc ta c:

Mnh 2. Cho 3 cp s dng x1 , x2 ; y1 , y2 ; z1 , z1 ta c:

1
1
1
+

1 1 1
1 1 1
1
1
1
+ +
+ +
+
+
x1 y1 z1 x2 y2 z2 x1 + x2 y1 + y2 z1 + z2

(3)

(3) gi l bt ng thc trung bnh iu ho vi 3 cp s dng.

Chng minh.
1
1
1
1
1
+
=
+

1 1 1
1 1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
+ +
+ +
+
+
+
1
1
1
1
x1 y1 z1 x2 y2 z2 x1
x2
x1 + x2
+
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
+
+
+
+
y1 z1
y2 z 2
y1 z1 y2 z2

p dng (1) cho hai cp s dng: x1 , x2 ;

ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi: x1 :

1 1 1 1
+
+
y1 z1 y2 z2

1
1 1
+
y1 z1

= x2 :

1
1 1
+
y2 z 2

Tip tc p dng (1) cho hai cp s dng y1 , y2 ; z1 , z2 ta c.

1
1 1
+
y1 z1

1
1 1
+
y2 z 2

1
1
1
+
y1 + y2 z1 + z2

ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi: y1 : y2 = z1 : z2

1
1
+
x1 + x2

1
1
1 1
+
y1 z1

1
1
+
x1 + x2

1
1

1 1
+
y2 z 2

1
1
1
1
+
+
x1 + x2 y1 + y2 z1 + z2

1
1
+
y1 + y2 z1 + z2

1
1
1
+

1 1 1
1 1 1
1
1
1
+ +
+ +
+
+
x1 y1 z1 x2 y2 z2 x1 + x2 y1 + y2 z1 + z2

Vy ,

1
1

x
:
=
x
:
2
1 1 1
1 1
+
+ x1 : y1 : z1 = x2 : y2 : z2
ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi:
y1 z1
y2 z 2

y1 : z1 = y2 : z2

Bng chng minh quy np ta c cc m rng sau ca bt ng thc

Mnh 3 Bt ng thc trung bnh iu ho cho 3 b n s dng.

n

1 1
+ +
xi yi zi

1
i =1

1
1

1
n

x y z
i

i =1

i =1

i =1

ng thc xy ra khi v ch khi: x1 : y1 : z1 = x2 : y2 : z2 = ... = xn : yn : zn

Mnh 4. BT trung bnh iu ho vi n cp s dng

1
n

x
i =1

i1

Mnh 5. BT trung bnh iu ho m b n s dng.

Cho n b gm m s dng x1i , x2i ,....xmi
1
n

i =1 xi1

1
n

i =1 xi 2

+ ... +

1
n

i =1 xim

i = 1, m
1

1
m

j =1 x1 j

1
m

j =1 x2 j

+ ... +

1
m

x
j =1

nj

1
n

x
i =1

i2

1
n

1
i1 + xi 2

x
i =1