T.

s Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt

Administrator http://www.toanthpt.net

1
2
2x
y
=
+
(1)

y
c nghim duy nht x = y = 1
Chng t rng h phng trnh
1
2y 2 = x + ( 2 )

Cch 1 :

1
Ly (1) ( 2 ) : ( x y ) 2x + 2y + 1 = 0 (*)
xy

1
1
V : y; v x; cng du nn x > 0; y > 0
y
x
Theo bt ng thc trung bnh cng trung bnh nhn , ta c :
2
1
1
2x = y + 2 y. 2
y
y
x 1
1
1

1 2x + 2y + 1
>0 .

1
xy
xy

1
1
2
2y = x + x 2 x. x 2
1
( x 1) ( 2x 2 + x + 1) = 0 (*)
x
2
D thy 2x + x + 1 > 0, x ; phng trnh (*) x = 1

Khi (*) x = y , phng trnh (1) 2x 2 = x +

Vy x = y = 1 l nghim duy nht ca h .

Cch 2 :
1
1
V : y; v x; cng du nn x > 0; y > 0
y
x
Theo bt ng thc trung bnh cng trung bnh nhn , ta c :
2
1
1
2x = y + 2 y. 2
y
y
x 1

. Du ng thc xy ra khi x = y = 1 .

y 1
1
1
2
2y = x + x 2 x. x 2

-1n thi i hc nm 2008

T.s Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt

Administrator http://www.toanthpt.net

Cc bn ngh g cch gii trn ; xong cha nh? . Nhiu bn nhm tng l gii xong .Thc ra ti

1
1
y+ >2
y + = 2

x
=
1

y
y
mi chng minh c du bng xy ra m thi , ngha l :

, cn nu
y
=
1
1

x + = 2
x + 1 > 2

x
x
th h cho vn c th c nghim x > 1, y > 1?
Ta li tip tc gii bi ton ny :
1
1
Xt hm s f ( t ) = t + , t 1 c o hm f ' ( t ) = 1 2 > 0 , t (1; + ) f ( t ) ng bin trn na
t
t
khong [1; + )
1
1
> y + 2y 2 > 2x 2 , v x 1, y 1 nn y > x tri gt x > y
x
y
1
1
Nu x < y th f ( x ) < f ( y ) x + < y + 2y 2 < 2x 2 , v x 1, y 1 nn y < x tri gt x < y
x
y
1
Vy x = y . Khi phng trnh (1) 2x 2 = x + ( x 1) ( 2x 2 + x + 1) = 0 (*)
x
2
D thy 2x + x + 1 > 0, x ; phng trnh (*) x = 1
Nu x > y th f ( x ) > f ( y ) x +

Vy x = y = 1 l nghim duy nht ca h .

T bi ton trn c th m rng bi ton sau :

2
a2
=
+
2x
y
(1)

c nghim duy nht .

Chng t rng vi a 0 ,h phng trnh
a2
2
2y = x + x ( 2 )

Ly (1) ( 2 ) : ( x y )( x + y + 2xy ) = 0 (*)

a2
a2
v x;
cng du nn x > 0; y > 0 x + y + 2xy > 0 . Khi (*) x = y . Phng trnh
y
x
(1) 2x 3 x 2 = a 2 . t f ( x ) = 2x 3 x 2 , x > 0 . H c nghim duy nht khi v ch khi ng thng

V : y;

y = a 2 ct th f ( x ) = 2x 3 x 2 trn khong x > 0 ch ti mt im . Phn cn li dnh cho c gi .

3
3
x 3x = y 3y
Gii h phng trnh : 6
6
x + y = 1

x 6 + y6 = 1 x 1, y 1
-2n thi i hc nm 2008

T.s Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt

Administrator http://www.toanthpt.net

Phng trnh x 3 3x = y3 3y dng f ( x ) = f ( y ) (*)

Xt hm s f ( t ) = t 3 3t, t 1 f ' ( t ) = 3t 2 3 < 0, t < 1 f ( t ) nghch bin trn on [ 1;1] .Khi
phng trnh (*) x = y

x = y
1
Vy h cho vit li 6
x=y= 6
6
2
x + y = 1
3 ( y + 1) 2 = x y (1)
Gii h phng trnh :
x + 8y = x y 9 ( 2 )
3 ( y + 1) = x y (1) x y 3 = ( y + 1) 0 0 x y 3 0 x y 9 (*)
2

Phng trnh : x + 8y = x y 9 ( 2 ) c ngha khi x y 9 0 x y 9 (**)

T (*) (**) suy ra x y = 9
Khi phng trnh x + 8y = x y 9 ( 2 ) y + 9 + 8y = 0 y = 1 x = 8
Vy h c nghim ( x; y ) = ( 8; 1)

x + 1 y 2 = 1
Gii h phng trnh :
y + 1 x 2 = 3
1 y 2 0
y 1
H xc nh khi

2
1 x 0
x 1
x = cos , [ 0; ]
Vi iu kin trn ; gi tng ta t
y = cos , [ 0; ]
cos + 1 cos 2 = 1
cos + sin = 1 (1)

x + 1 y 2 = 1

Khi h
cos + 1 cos 2 = 3 cos + sin = 3 ( 2 ) (*)
y + 1 x 2 = 3
0; , 0;

[ ] [ ]

[ 0; ] , [ 0; ]
Bnh phng 2 v phng trnh (1) v ( 2 ) , ri cng v theo v , ta c
2 + 2 sin ( + ) = 4 sin ( + ) = 1 + =

+ k2 = + k2 sin = cos
2
2

-3n thi i hc nm 2008

T.s Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt

Administrator http://www.toanthpt.net

sin = cos = 2
1

x=

3
2

Khi h (*) sin = cos =

y = 3
[ 0; ] , [ 0; ]
2

x+y+ 3 xy =6

Gii h phng trnh :

3
2
6 ( x + y ) ( x y ) = 8
Hng dn :

x y 0
x y < 0
3 xy =6
x+y+ 3 xy =6

x
+
y
+

x + y + 3 x y = 6 v x + y + 3 x y = 6

3
2
3 xy =8
6
x
y.
+

( x + y ) ( x y ) = 8
3
3
x + y. x y = 8
x + y. x y = 8
Trng hp 1 :
x y 0

x = 34
x + y = 2
x y 0

y = 30

x + y + 3 x y = 6 x y = 4
x = 12

3 xy =8

x
+
y.
+
=
x
y
4

y = 4
3
x y = 2
Trng hp 2 :
x y < 0
x = 103 19 17

x+y+ 3 xy =6

y = 77 + 25 17
3 x y = 8
x
+
y.

Li bnh :
6

( x + y)

= x + y khng lm thay i min xc nh ; tng t th d dn n mt sai lm

( x y)

= 3 x y !!! , iu ny khng ng vi mi x, y trong min xc nh , m ch ng vi x y .

Do

( x + y) ( x y)
3

= 8 x + y. 3 x y = 8

-4n thi i hc nm 2008