Transformer Construction

ECE 441

Three-Phase Transformer

ECE 441

Transformer Action -- DC

ECE 441

d
e2 N 2
dt

d
e1 N 1
dt
Opposes battery voltage

Opposes flux buildup

ECE 441

Transformer Action -- AC

ECE 441

EP 4.44 N P f max
Opposes VT

ES 4.44 N S f max
Opposes M

EP 4.44 N P f max N P

ES 4.44 N S f max N S
ECE 441

No-Load Condition

ECE 441

No load condition continued

Io = Ife + IM
Io = exciting current
Io provides the magnetizing flux and the core loss

Ife = core-loss current

Ife = VT / Rfe

IM = magnetizing current

IM = VT / jXM

ECE 441

I O I fe I M
N P I O N P I fe N P I M
No-Load Excitation mmf
Magnetizing mmf
No-Load Core Loss mmf

NP IM
M
Rcore
ECE 441

VT I P RP EP
VT EP
IP
IO
RP
ECE 441

10

Close the load switch

Secondary current will set up an mmf in OPPOSITION

to the primary mmf. The core flux will DECREASE to

N P iM N S iS

Rcore
ECE 441

11

The decrease in flux causes a decrease in the

counter-emf EP, and the primary current will increase
by an amount known as IP,load, the load component
of the primary current. Additional mmf due to this
current adds to the magnetizing flux.
ECE 441

12

N P iM N P iP ,load N S iS
Rcore

Primary current increases until NPIP,load = NSIS.

The flux M and primary emf EP return to the
same values as before the switch was closed.
ECE 441

13

Final steady state primary current under

loaded conditions is

I P I fe I M I P ,load
I P I 0 I P ,load
ECE 441

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Component Fluxes Loaded Transformer

ECE 441

15

P = net flux in window of primary

S = net flux in window of secondary

lp = leakage flux of primary

ls = leakage flux of secondary

M = mutual flux
P = M + lp
S = M ls
ECE 441

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