AUXILIARY VERB

12 auxiliary verb: be, have, do, can, shall, will, may, must, need, ought (to), dare, used (to). And
have 9 (Modal verbs) in 12: can, may, must, will, shall, need, ought (to), dare v used (to).
I. c tnh chung ca Tr ng t (Auxiliary verbs)
Tr ng t (auxiliary verbs) c chung mt s c tnh sau y:
1. Hnh thnh th ph nh bng cch thm NOT sau ng t.
He is here - He is not here
They would help us - They would not help us
2. Hnh thnh th nghi vn bng o ng (inversion).
He is here - Is he here?
3. Hnh thnh Cu hi ui (Tag-question) bng cch dng li chnh ng t y.
They were there, werent they?
4. Hnh thnh Cu tr li ngn (short answer) bng cch dng li chnh ng t y.
It will take hours to do this work.
Yes, it will. (No, it wont)
5. c dng li trong loi Cu tnh lc (elliptical sentences).
They will spend their holidays in Spain. Will you? (= Will you spend your holiday in Spain?)
II. Tr ng t BE
1. BE c s dng lm tr ng t hnh thnh cc th tip din (Continuous Tenses) v
th th ng (Passive Voice).
She was washing clothes when we came.
He was washed to sign his name.
2. BE l mt loi ng t cha y (incomplete predication). V th lun i hi phi c
mt b ng t (Complement) hon thnh ngha ca cu.
Your dinner is ready.
His father was a famous man.
3. Khi c s dng nh mt ng t hon chnh, BE c ngha l "hin hu, tn ti".
I think, therefore I am.
4. BE TO din t:
a) (arrangement).
The wedding is to take place on Saturday.
b) Mt mnh lnh, mt yu cu.
You are to see the headmaster at 4 oclock.
c) Tnh cht tng lai trong nhng trng hp cn din t tng lai trong qu kh (Future
in the Past).
My sister and her husband were to come and see us this weekend, but they couldnt come.
5. DO BE l mt hnh thc nhn mnh, lm tng ngha tnh cm ca hnh ng hay lm
cho cu n c ngha thuyt phc hn.
Do be careful when you cross the road.
Do be as nice to him as you can.
6. Mt s thnh ng vi BE
be able to: c th, c kh nng
be about to: sp sa
III. Tr ng t HAVE
1. HAVE c dng lm tr ng t to cc th hon thnh (Perfect Tenses).
I have answered your questions.
Has he finished his dinner?
2. Khi c dng nh mt ng t chnh trong cu, HAVE c ngha l s hu (possess).
Vi ngha ny, trong vn ni v trong nhiu cu trc vn vit, got c thm vo vi have
m khng lm tng thm ngha.

The man has (got) a car.

How many children have you (got)?
3. Khi dng vi ngha khc hn l s hu, HAVE c cc hnh thc ph nh, nghi vn...
nh cc ng t thng thng khc. Khi y HAVE cng khng dng vi got pha sau.
Did you have a letter from home? (= receive)
I dont have much difficulty with English grammar (= find, experience)
Vi cch s dng ny HAVE thng din t mt hnh ng c tnh cht ca mt thi
quen, mt s lp i lp li nhiu ln. Hy so snh hai cu sau:
He has a walk in the garden. (ng ta i do trong vn)
He walks in the garden. (ng ta bc i trong vn)
4. HAVE c th c dng trong th nguyn nhn (Causative). Cch s dng ny cho bit
ai gy nn mt hnh ng no. Causative ca HAVE c hai cu trc sau:
active: S + (have) + O1 + V + O2
passive:
S + (have) + O2 + past participle (by O1)
They had Daisy clean the floor.(H bo Daisy lau nh)
We have just had our house painted. (Chng ti va cho ngi sn cn nh ca chng ti)
Why dont you have your hair cut? (Ti sao anh khng i ht tc)
Trong hu ht cc trng hp ny HAVE c th c thay th bi GET.
Why dont you get your hair cut?
They got the floor cleaned.
5. HAVE TO (phi, cn phi) dng din t mt s cn thit (necessity), s cng bch, bt
buc (compulsion). Trng hp ny HAVE cng c th dng vi got pha sau.
I missed the bus, so I had to walk to the office.
Youve got to work hard to make a living.
6. HAVE TO c dng thay cho MUST cc th m MUST khng c.
You will have to leave for work early in the morning.
We had to answer all the questions in the examination.
IV. Tr ng t DO
mt tr ng t. Khi dng lm tr ng t, DO c nhng cch s dng sau y:
1. Dng hnh thnh th ph nh (negative) v th nghi vn (interrogative) cho cc
ng t thng.
What does he read?
She doesnt like swimming.
Dont sit on that chair!
2. Dng hnh thnh Cu hi ui (Tag-questions) khi ng t trong cu chnh l mt
ng t thng.
They stayed in that hotel, didnt they?
Mary doesn't clean the floor, does she?
3. Dng trnh lp li ng t chnh khi ng t chnh l mt loi ng t thng trong
cu tr li ngn (short answer).
David likes swimming. - So do I.
Did they go to London? - Yes, they did.
4. Dng hnh thnh Th Nhn mnh (Emphatic Form).
You did make me surprised.
He does write his name on the board.