TNH T SANG DANH T

1. Cc tnh t ch mu sc, trng thi hay tnh cht i sang danh t bng cch
thm -ness hay -ty
eg : redness, whiteness, happiness, laziness, loneliness, honesty, safety, cruelty, .ect .
2. Nhng tnh t tn cng bng -ful hay -ly i sang danh t bng cch thm -ness
eg : careful -> carefulness ; ugly-> ugliness
3. Nhng tnh t tn cng bng -al, -ial, -id, -ile, -ure i sang danh t bng cch
thm -ity
eg : mental ->mentality; equal -> equality; cordial -> cordiality
partial -> partiality; timid -> timidity; solid -> solidity
valid -> validity; pure -> purity; fertile -> fertility
4. Nhng tnh t tn cng bng -ant hay -ent i sang danh t bng cch b -t ri
thm -ce
eg : importance, ignorance, confidence, intelligence .
Nhng tnh t tn cng bng -ant hay -ent i sang danh t bng cch b -t ri thm -cy
eg : brilliant brilliancy, redundant redundancy, innocent innocency
5. Tnh t vi-ed v -ing
Khi ta thm hu t -ed v -ing vo sau ng t s bin ng t thnh tnh t. Nhng
khi no dng -edkhi no dng -ing vo sau ng t? Mong rng mt s din gii di y
s gip bn khng nhm ln khi s dng.
Ch c mt t tnh t kt thc bng -ed hoc -ing nhng chng rt ph bin:
worried/worrying, interested/interesting, excited/exciting
5.1 -ed adjectives
Gii t kt thc bng -ed c dng ni ngi ta cm thy th no:
She was surprised to find that she had been upgraded to first class.
I was confused by the findings of the report.
She felt tired after working hard all day.
5.2 -ing adjectives
Gii t kt thc bng -ing c dng m t s vt hoc hon cnh nh th no. Hy so
snh nhng v d di y vi nhng cu trn.
Being upgraded to first class is surprising.
The findings of this report are confusing.
Working hard all day is tiring.