I.1.3.

Hy gii thch hin tng sau:

a) Khi ha tan CuBr2 vo axeton, thu c dung dch mu nu khng dn in ; Nu thm nc
vo dung dch ny, dung dch chuyn thnh mu lam v dn in.
b) Hidro clorua lng khng dn in nhng dung dch ca cht ny trong nc dn in.
I.1.4. in nhng cm t thch hp vo nhng ch trng trong cc cu di y:
Nhng cht tan trong nc phn li ra ion gi l ..(1)..Nhng cht tan trong nc khng
phn li ra ion c gi l(2).Qu trnh phn li cc cht trong nc thnh ion c gi
l(3).Lin kt ha hc trong cht in li l lin kt ..(4)..hoc lin kt .(5)..Lin
kt ha hc trong cht khng in li l lin kt ..(6)..hoc lin kt .(7)..
I.1.5. Tnh nng mol ca CH3COOH , CH3COO- v H+ trong dung dch CH3COOH 0,043M,
bit rng in li ca CH3COOH bng 20%.
I.1.6. Vit cng thc ca cc cht m khi in li to ra cc ion:
a) K+ v CrO42
b) Fe3+ v NO3
c) Mg2+ v MnO4
d) Al3+ v SO42
+
2
e) Na v S
f) Ba2+ v OHg) NH4+ v Cl
h)Na+v CH3COO
I.1.7. C 4 dung dch trong sut, mi dung dch ch cha 1 loi ion dng v 1 loi ion m . Cc
loi ion trong c 4 dung dch gm: Na+ , Mg2+ , Ba2+ , Pb2+ , Cl- , NO3- , CO32- , SO42- . l 4
dung dch g ? Gi tn ?
I.1.8* . Trong 1 dung dch c cha a mol Ca2+ , b mol Mg2+ , c mol Cl- v d mol NO3a) Lp biu thc lin h gia a, b, c, d.
b) Nu a = 0,01 ; c = 0,01 ; d = 0,03 th b bng bao nhiu ?
I.1.9*. Mt dung dch c cha hai loi cation l Fe2+ (0,1 mol ) v Al3+
( 0,2 mol ) cung hai loi anion l Cl- ( x mol ) v SO42- ( y mol ). Tnh x v y bit rng khi c cn
dung dch v lm khan thu c 46,9g cht rn khan.
I.1.10*. C 1 dung dch axit axetic CH3COOH ( cht in li yu ). Nu ha tan vo dung dch
mt t tinh th natri axetat CH3COONa ( cht in li mnh ) th nng ion H+ c thay i
khng , nu c th thay i nh th no ? Gii thch .
I.1.11*.Trong 1ml dung dch axit nitr nhit nht nh c 5,64.1019 phn t HNO2 ,
3,60.1018 ion NO2- . Tnh :
a) in li ca axit nitr trong dung dch nhit ?
b) Nng mol ca dung dch ni trn ?
I.1.12*. Dung dch axit axetic 0,6% c khi lng ring xp x 1g/1ml . in li ca axit
axetic trong iu kin ny l 1,0% . Tnh nng mol ca ion H+ trong dung dch ( b qua s
in li ca nc ).

..
I.2.1. Vit phng trnh in li ca ca cc cht sau:
a) Cc axit yu : H2S , H2CO3 , H2SO3
b) Cc axit mnh : HNO3 , H2SO4
c) Cc baz mnh : LiOH , NaOH , Ba(OH)2
d) Cc mui : Na2CO3 , KClO , NaHSO4 , Na2HPO4 , [Ag(NH3)2]2SO4 , KMnO4 , K2Cr2O7 ,
NH4Cl , K2CO3 , NaClO, NaHS .
e) Cc hidroxit lng tnh Sn(OH)2 , Al(OH)3 , Zn(OH)2 .

I.2.2.* Hy cho bit cc phn t v ion sau l axit, baz ,trung tnh hay lng tnh theo Bronstet :
HI, CH3COO- , Cl- , H2PO4- , CO32- , HCO3- , HSO4- , PO43- , Na+ , NH3 , S2- , HPO42-. Ti sao ?
Gii thch.
I.2.3. C hin tng g xy ra khi nhng giy qu tm vo cc dung dch sau y. Hy gii thch
trn c s ion : CH3COONa , K2CO3 , NaCl , Na2S , NH4Cl , FeCl3 , Al2(SO4)3 , Na2CO3 ,
Ba(NO3)2 .
I.2.4. Trong cc phn ng di y, phn ng no nc ng vai tr l mt axit theo Bronstet
, phn ng no nc ng vai tr l mt baz ( theo Bronstet )?
a) HCl + H2O H3O+ + Clb) Ca(HCO3)2
CaCO3 + H2O + CO2
c) NH3 + H2O
NH4+ + OHd) CuSO4 + 5H2O
CuSO4.5H2O
*
I.2.5. Vit biu thc hng s phn li axit Ka hoc hng s phn li baz Kb cho cc trng hp
sau : HF , ClO- , NH4+ , FI.2.6.* Trong 2 lt dung dch HF c cha 4,0g HF nguyn cht. in li ca axit ny l 8 %.
Hy tnh hng s phn li ca axit HF.
I.2.7.* Axit propanoic (C2H5COOH) l mt axit hu c, mui ca axit ny c dng bo
qun thc phm lu b mc. Hng s phn li ca axit propanoic : Ka = 1,3.10-5 . Hy tnh nng
ion H+ trong dung dch C2H5COOH 0,10M.
I.2.8. Trn 100ml dung dch HCl 0,8M vi 400ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,15M c dung dch D.
a) Tnh nng mol/lt ca ion OH- c trong dung dch D .
b) Tnh th tch dung dch H2SO4 1M trung ha dung dch D.
I.2.9. Chia 15,6g Al(OH)3 lm hai phn bng nhau :
a) Cho 200ml dung dch H2SO4 1M vo phn I. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh ?
b) Cho 50ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo phn II. Tnh khi lng mui to thnh ?
I.2.10.* Dung dch A c cha ng thi ba mui : Na2SO4 0,05M , KCl 0,1M v NaCl 0,5M.
1. C th pha ch dung dch A c hay khng nu ch ha tan vo nc 2 mui sau y ?
a) NaCl v K2SO4
b) Na2SO4 v KCl
2. Nu c th c, chun b 200ml dung dch A cn ha tan vo nc bao nhiu gam mi
mui ?
I.2.11.* imetylamin ((CH3)2NH) l mt baz mnh hn amoniac. imetylamin trong nc c
phn ng :
(CH3)2NH + H2O
(CH3)2NH2+ + OHa) Vit biu thc tnh hng s phn li baz Kb ca imetylamin.
b) Tnh pH ca dung dch imetylamin 1,5M bit rng Kb = 5,9.10-4 .
I.2.12. Dung dch axit fomic (HCOOH) 0,007M c pH = 3,0.
a) Tnh in li ca axit fomic trong dung dch .
b) Nu ha tan thm 0,001mol HCl vo 1 lt dung dch th in li ca axit fomic tng hay
gim ? Gii thch .
I.2.13. Vit phng trnh phn t, phng trnh ion rt gn khi cho :
a) H2SO4 ln l tc dng vi KOH, CuO, Fe(OH)3.
b) CO2 ln lt tc dng vi Ba(OH)2, NaOH.
I.2.14. Vit phng trnh phn t ca phn ng m phng trnh ion thu gn l :
a) H3O+ + OH 2H2O
b) 3H3O+ + Al(OH)3 Al3+ + 6H2O
c) 2H3O+ + ZnO Zn2+ + 3H2O

Trong mi phn ng, cht no nh vai tr axit ? cht no ng vai tr baz ? Gii thch.
I.2.15. Vit phng trnh phn ng chng t Be(OH)2 l mt hidroxit lng tnh.
Chia 8,6g Be(OH)2 lm thnh 2 phn bng nhau, tnh khi lng mui to thnh khi cho:
a) Phn 1 vo 120 cm3 dung dch H2SO4 1M.
b) Phn 2 vo 120 cm3 dung dch NaOH 1M.
I.2.16. Cho rng s trn ln cc dung dch khng lm thay i ng k th tch dung dch.
Trn 1,5 lt dung dch NaOH 2M vi 0,5 lt dung dch NaOH 1M. Tnh nng mol /lt
ca dung dch thu c.
Phi trn dung dch H2SO4 1M v H2SO43M theo t l no v th tch c dung dch
H2SO4 1,5M
Cn trn bao nhiu lt dung dch HCl 2M vo bao nhiu lt dung dch HCl 1M c 5
lt dung dch HCl 1,2M.
I.2.17 * Tnh nng mol/lt ca dung dch H2SO4 v dung dch NaOH. Bit rng:
30ml dung dch H2SO4 c trung ha ht bi 20ml dung dch NaOH v 10 ml dung
dch KOH 2M.
30ml dung dch NaOH c trung ha ht bi 20ml dung dch H2SO4 v 5ml dung
dch Hcl 1M.
I.2.18. Cho dung dch NaOH d vo 100ml dung dch AlCl3 v FeCl3, lc kt ta ri nung
nhit cao thu c 2 g cht rn . Mt khc, 400ml dung dch AgNO3 0,2M tc dng va
vi 50ml dung dch 2 mui trn. Tnh nng mol ca AlCl3 v FeCl3.
I.2.19. Ha tan 3,94g Bari cacbonat bng 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,5M. Cn dng bao nhiu ml
dung dch NaOH 0,2M trung ha axit d. S mol OH cn dng l bao nhiu.
Bit rng ch c 85% s phn t phn ly thnh ion OH
I.2.20. Ha tan hon ton 0,12g Mg trong 100,0ml dung dch HCl 0,20M. Tnh pH da dung
dch sau khi phn ng kt thc( th tch dung dch bin i khng ng k).
I.2.21. Trong nc bi, magie l kim loi c hm lng ln th hai sau natri. Mi kg nc bin
cha khong 1,3g magie di dng cc ion Mg2+. nhiu qc gia, magie c khai thc t nc
bin. Qu trnh sn xut magie t nc bin gm cc giai on sau:
1. Nung vi thnh vi sng.
2. ha tan vi sng trong nc bin to ra kt ta Mg(OH)2.
3. Ha tan kt ta Mg(OH)2 trong dung dch HCl.
pnc
4. in phn MgCl2 nng chy : MgCl2
Mg + Cl2
Vit cc phng trnh ha hc xy ra di dng phn t v ion rt gn ( nu c) ca qu
trnh sn xut trn.
I.2.22. Nc cha nhiu ion Ca2+ v Mg2+ l nc cng. Nc cha t hoc khng cha cc ion
Ca2+ v Mg2+ l nc mm. Nc cng khng ph hp cho vic s dng trong cng nghip v
sinh hot. Trong nc thng cha cc hp cht Ca(HCO3)2, Mg(HCO3)2 , CaCl2 v MgCl2 ha
tan. loi cc ion Ca2+ v Mg2+ di dng Ca(HCO3)2, Mg(HCO3)2 v MgCl2 , ngi ta cho
sa vi Ca(OH)2 vo nc s to ra cc kt ta CaCO3. Hy vit cc phng trnh ha hc di
dng phn t v ion rt gn ca cc phn ng trn.
I.2.23.* C 6 dung dch ng trong 6 l mt nhn : Mg(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2, Pb(NO3)2, AlCl3 ,
KOH v NaCl. Ch dng thm dung dch AgNO3 v mt thuc th na , hy trnh by cch nhn
bit tng dung dch. Vit cc phng trnh ha hc di dng phn t v ion rt gn ca cc
phn ng nhn bit .
I.3.1. Tnh pH ca cc dung dch sau:
a) 400,0 ml dung dch cha 1,46g HCl .

b) Dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,025M c in li bng 0,8.

c) Dung dch H2SO4 0,05M phn li hon ton.
d) Dung dch to thnh sau khi trn 100,0ml dung dch HCl 1,00M vi 400,0 ml dung dch
NaOH 0,375M.
e) Dung dch to thnh sau khi trn 200ml dung dch HCl 0,02M vi 200ml dung dch H2SO4
0,05M.
I.3.2. Cho m gam Na vo nc, ta thu c 1,5 lt dung dch c pH = 13 .Tnh m?
I.3.3. Cn bao nhiu gam NaOH pha ch 250,0 ml dung dch c
pH = 10
I.3.4. Cho dung dch H2SO4 c pH = 4
a) Tnh nng mol/lt ca ion H+
b) Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c khi cho 2 lt H2O vo 0,5 lt dung dch axit trn.
I.3.5. Tnh nng mol/lt ca :
a) Dung dch H2SO4 c pH = 4
b) Dung dch Ba(OH)2 c pH = 12
I.3.6. Dung dch axit fomic HCOOH 0,092% c khi lng ring xp x bng 1g/ml . in li
ca n l 5%. Tnh pH ca dung dch ?
I.3.7. C 10ml dung dch HCl pH = 3. Thm vo x ml nc ct v khuy u thu c dung
dch c pH = 4. Hi x bng bao nhiu ?
I.3.8. Cho 40ml dung dch HCl 0,75M vo 160 ml dung dch cha ng thi Ba(OH)2 0,08M v
KOH 0,04M . Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c ?
I.3.9*. Trn 300ml dung dch cha NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,025M vi 200ml dung dch H2SO4
c nng x M thu c m gam kt ta v 500ml dung dch c pH = 2 . Hy tnh m v x ? (Coi
H2SO4 phn li hon ton c 2 nc).
I.3.10*. Khi cho Fe tc dng vi 250 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M thu c dung dch c pH = 2 v
c kh thot ra.Tnh khi lng Fe tham gia phn ng v th tch kh thot ra ( 27oC v 750
mmHg ).
I.3.11. Tnh pH ca dung dch CH3COOH 0,01M, bit in li ca axit ti nng l
4,25%
I.3.12. a) Tnh nng ca ion H+ trong dung dch c pH = 8,55.
b) Tnh nng ca ion OH trong dung dch c pH = 10,8.
I.3.13. Cho 224 ml kh HCl ktc bay vo 1 lt H2O. Tnh nng mol/lt ca ion H+ v pH ca
dung dch thu c.
I.3.14. t 2,24 lt kh H2 ktc trong l cha clo d ri dn hidroclorua sinh ra vo 250g dung
dch Ca(OH)2 3%.
a) Xc nh thnh phn cc cht trong dung dch thu c?
b) nu thm nc vo dung dch trn thu c 1 lt th pH ca dung dch ny l bao nhiu
?
I.3.15. a) dung dch HCl c pH = 3, cn pha long dung dch ny ( bng nc) bao nhiu ln
c dung dch c pH = 4.
b) Cho a mol NO2 hp th hon ton vo dung dch cha a mol NaOH. Dung dch thu
c c pH ln hay nh hn 7 ? Ti sao ?
I.3.16. Dung dch Ba(OH)2 c pH = 13, dung dch HNO3 c pH = 1.
a) Phi trn chng theo t l th tch l bao nhiu thu c dung dch trung tnh.
b) Khi trn 2,75 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 vi 2,25 lt dung dch HNO3. Tnh nng mol ca
dung dch thu c.

I.3.17*. Nc nguyn cht 25oC c nng H+ bng 1,0.107 mol/l. Hi c bao nhiu phn
trm phn t nc phn li ra ion nhit ny. Bit rng DH 2O 1,0 g / ml
I.4.8. Ha tan 1,9520g mui BaCl2.H2O trong nc. Thm H2SO4 long, d vo dung dch thu
c .Kt ta to thnh c lm kh v cn c 1,8640g. Xc nh cng thc ha hc ca
mui ?
I.4.9. 0,80g mt kim loi ha tr II ha tan hon ton trong 100,0ml H2SO4 0,50M. Lng axit
cn d phn ng va vi 33,4ml dung dch NaOH 1,00M. Xc nh tn kim loi ?
I.4.10. Ha tan 0,8870g hn hp NaCl v KCl trong nc.X l dung dch thu c bng mt
lng d dung dch AgNO3. Kt ta kh thu c c khi lng 1,9130g. Tnh thnh phn %
ca tng cht trong hn hp ?
I.4.11. Mt trong cc nguyn nhn gy bnh au d dy l do lng axit HCl trong d dy qu
cao . gim bt lng axit, ngi ta thng ung dc phm Nabica (NaHCO3). Vit phng
trnh ion rt gn ca phn ng xy ra .
I.4.12. Ha tan hon ton 0,1022g mt mui kim loi ha tr hai MCO3 trong 20.0ml dung dch
HCl 0,080M. trung ha lng HCl d cn 5,64ml dung dch NaOH 0,10M. Xc nh kim loi
M?
I.4.13*. Rau qu kh c bo qun bng kh SO2 thng cha 1 lng nh hp cht c gc
SO32- . xc nh s c mt ca cc ion SO32- trong rau qu, 1 hc sinh ngm 1 t qu u trong
nc .Sau 1 thi gian lc ly dung dch ri cho tc dng vi dung dch H2O2 (cht oxi ha ) ,sau
cho tc dng tip vi dung dch BaCl2 .Vit cc phng trnh ion rt gn xy ra
I.4.14*. Nhng ha cht sau thng c dng trong vic ni tr : mui n, gim, bt n
(NH4HCO3), phn chua (KAl(SO4)2.12H2O), mui iot (NaCl + KI). Hy dng cc phn ng ha
hc phn bit chng. Vit phng trnh ion rt gn ca cc phn ng .
I.4.15*. Trong y hc, dc phm sa magie (cc tinh th Mg(OH)2 l lng trong nc), c
dng tr chng kh tiu do d axit (HCl). trung ha ht 788,0ml dung dch HCl 0,0350M
trong d dy cn bao nhiu ml sa magie, bit rng trong 1,0ml sa magie cha 0,080g Mg(OH)2
?
I.4.16*. Trn 250ml dung dch hn hp HCl 0,08M v H2SO4 0,01M vi 250ml dung dch
Ba(OH)2 c nng xM thu c mg kt ta v 500ml dung dch c pH = 12. Hy tnh m v x ?
(Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton c hai nc)
I.4.17*. Trn 300ml dung dch c cha NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,025M vi 200ml dung dch
H2SO4 nng xM thu c mg kt ta v 500ml dung dch c pH = 2. Hy tnh m v x ? (Coi
H2SO4 in li hon ton c hai nc)
I.4.18*. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion H+ v OH- trong dung dch NaNO2 1,0M, bit rng hng
s phn li baz ca NO2- l Kb= 2,5.10-11.
I.4.19. Th no l mui trung ha, mui axit ? V d ? Axit photphor H3PO3 l axit 2 ln axit,
vy hp cht Na2HPO3 l mui axit hay mui trung ha .
I.4.20. C hin tng g xy ra khi nhng qu tm vo cc dung dch sau y. Gii thch v vit
phng trnh phn ng minh ha di dng phn t v ion thu gn: CaCl 2 , K2CO3, Na2S,
FeCl3, Al2(SO4)3, CH3COONa, NaAlO2, NH4Cl.
I.4.21. Gii thch cc hin tng sau y :
a) Dung dch KCl khng mu, m dung dch KMnO4 c mu tm.
b) Dung dch KI mc d c cha nguyn t iot nhng li khng lm h tinh bt ng mu xanh.
c) ng II clorua khan c mu vng. ng II sunfat khan c mu trng. Nhng dung dch ca
2 mui trn c mu xanh lam ging nhau.

d) Khi cho dung dch mui n m c vo dung dch ng II sun fat, mu ca dung dch
chuyn t xanh lam sang xanh l cy.
I.4.22 Trn 150ml dung dch KHSO4 1M vi 100ml dung dch KOH 2M ta c 250ml dung
dch A.
a) Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra dng phn t v ion thu gn.
b) Tnh nng mol/lt cc cht c trong dung dch A.
I.4.23. C 4 dung dch trong sut , mi dung dch ch cha 1 loi ion dng v 1 loi ion m.
Cc loi ion trong c 4 dung dch gm: Na+, Mg2+, Ba2+, Pb2+, Cl , NO3, CO32, SO42.
a) l 4 dung dch g ? gi tn.
b) Bng phng php ha hc hy nhn bit tng dung dch.
I.4.24. Cho 150ml dung dch NaHCO3 0,2M vo 250ml dung dch HCl 0,2M ta c kh A v
dung dch B.
a) Tnh th tch kh A (ktc).
b) Tnh nng mol/lt ca cc cht v cc ion trong dung dch B.
c) Tnh nng mol/lt ca dung dch Ba(OH)2, bit 50ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 trung ha bi
25ml dung dch B.
I.4.25. a) Tnh nng mol/lt ca dung dch Na2CO3. Bit rng 100ml dung dch tc dng ht
vi 50ml dung dch HCl 2M.
b) Trn ln 50ml dung dch Na2CO3 ni trn vi 50ml dung dch CaCl2 1M. Tnh nng
mol/lt ca cc ion v cc mui trong dung dch thu c
I.4.26. Ti sao cc phn ng gia dung dch axit v hidroxitc tnh baz v phn ng gia mui
cacbonat v cc dung dch axit rt d xy ra ?
I.4.27. Ly mt s th d chng minh rng : bn cht ca phn ng trong dung dch ca cc cht
in li l phn ng gia cc ion. Vit phng trnh ha hc di dng ion v ion rt gn.
I.4.28. Ly th d v vit phng tnh ha hc di dng phn t v ion rt gn cho cc phn
ng sau :
a) To thnh cht kt ta.
b) To thnh cht in li yu.
c) To thnh cht kh.