Filter DesignThis demonstration designs a filter with the Signal Processing Toolbox and

applies it to a signal made up of harmonic components. Copyright 1988-2002 The

MathWorks, Inc. $Revision: 1.7 $ $Date: 2002/04/04 22:00:27 $
Here's an example of filtering with the Signal Processing Toolbox. First make a signal
with three sinusoidal components (at frequencies of 5, 15, and 30 Hz). Fs = 100;
t = (1:100)/Fs;
s1 = sin(2*pi*t*5); s2=sin(2*pi*t*15); s3=sin(2*pi*t*30);
s = s1+s2+s3;
plot(t,s);
xlabel('Time (seconds)'); ylabel('Time waveform');

To design a filter to keep the 15 Hz sinusoid and get rid of the 5 and 30 Hz sinusoids,
we create an eighth order IIR filter with a passband from 10 to 20 Hz. Here is its
frequency response. The filter was created with the ELLIP command.
[b,a] = ellip(4,0.1,40,[10 20]*2/Fs);
[H,w] = freqz(b,a,512);
plot(w*Fs/(2*pi),abs(H));
xlabel('Frequency (Hz)'); ylabel('Mag. of frequency response');
grid;

After filtering, we see the signal is a 15 Hz sinusoid, exactly as expected.

sf = filter(b,a,s);
plot(t,sf);
xlabel('Time (seconds)');
ylabel('Time waveform');
axis([0 1 -1 1]);
Finally, here is the frequency content of the signal before and after filtering. Notice the
peaks at 5 and 30 Hz have been effectively eliminated.
S = fft(s,512);
SF = fft(sf,512);
w = (0:255)/256*(Fs/2);
plot(w,abs([S(1:256)' SF(1:256)']));
xlabel('Frequency (Hz)'); ylabel('Mag. of Fourier transform');
grid;
legend({'before','after'})