TRNG I HC LC HNG

KHOA K THUT CNG TRNH

---------------------------

BO CO NGHIN CU
KHOA HC
TI:

Xy dng phn mm tnh ton ct thp bng

MATLAB V2

Thc hin: Nguyn nh D

Nguyn B Ngc Tho

Bin Ha, Thng 06/ 2012

LI CM N

B tng ct thp l mt lnh vc nghin cu kh, vic tnh ton chnh xc cu kin ct
b tng ct thp chu nn lch tm xin theo tiu chun Vit Nam TCXDVN 356:2005 l
khng n gin.
Hin nay phn mm tnh thp cho kt cu BTCT c rt nhiu trn th trng nhng
phi s dng theo tiu chun nc ngoi. Vi mong mun c mt phn mm tnh thp
c s dng d dng, thun tin v s dng theo tiu chun Vit Nam, nhm tc gi
ng dng ngn ng Matlab trong vic xy dng phn mm tnh thp.
c c phn mm ny nh ngy hm nay, nhm tc gi gi li cm n chn thnh
n thy PGS.TS o Xun Lc tn tnh ch bo, gp v cc ng nghip trong khoa
K Thut Cng Trnh gip nhm rt nhiu trong qu trnh thc hin ti.

MC LC
LI CM N
MC LC
DANH MC HNH NH
PHN M U
I. . Tnh cp thit ca ti ............................................................................................1
II. Tng quan lch s nghin cu ca ti ......................................................................1
III. Mc tiu nghin cu ....................................................................................................2
IV. i tng v phm vi nghin cu ...............................................................................2
V. Phng php nghin cu ..............................................................................................2
VI. B cc ca ti ..........................................................................................................2

CHNG I TNG QUAN ................................................................................................3

1.1

Khi nim nn lch tm xin .....................................................................................3

1.2

Ni lc tnh ton nn lch tm xin ..3

1.3

S lm vic ca nn lch tm xin 4

1.4 ng sut trong ct thp ..5

1.5 Cc trng hp tnh ton nn lch tm 6
CHNG II

NGHIN CU XY DNG MT BIU TNG TC THEO TIU

CHUN VIT NAM TCXDVN 356:2005 ..14

2.1 Biu tng tc ..14
2.2 Mt biu tng tc 14
2.3 Nguyn tc xy dng mt biu tng tc t hnh dng v kch thc vng nn
b tng ...15
2.4 Cc dng vng nn 15
2.5 ng gii hn vng nn ..17
2.6 Xc nh phn ng gp vo Nz, Mx, My ca b tng vng nn ..18

2.7 Xc nh phn nh hng ca ct thp ln Nz, Mx, My

.22

2.8 Xc nh mt biu tng tc .22

2.9 Quy c du 23
2.10

S dng mt biu tng tc trong tnh ton v kim tra ...23

2.11

Ct mt biu bng mt phng ng 24

2.12

Ct mt biu bng mt phng ngang .25

2.13 Ct ch nht chu nn lch tm mt phng . 26

CHNG III VIT CHNG TRNH TRN MY VI TNH XY DNG MT
BIU TNG TC 28
3.1 Xy dng h ng cong l cc mt ct ngang ca mt biu tng tc ..28
3.2 Trnh t xy dng h ng cong l cc mt ct tng tc .28
3.3 S khi .29
CHNG IV HNG DN S DNG PHN MM ..31
KT LUN V KIN NGH 37

DANH MC HNH NH
Hnh 1.1. S ni lc nn lch tm xin ..3
Hnh 1.2. S ni lc vi lch tm .4
Hnh 1.3. Cc dng ca vng nn ...5
Hnh 1.4. ng sut trong ct thp i v i ..6
Hnh 1.5. ng sut trong ct thp i c tnh theo bin dng i ...7
Hnh 1.6. S ni lc v biu ng sut trn tit din thng gc vi trc dc cu kin b
tng ct thp trong trng hp tng qut tnh ton tit din theo bn 9
Hnh 1.7. ng cong ng sut bin dng ngn hn dng cho thit k i vi b tng
thng thng 9
Hnh 1.8. ng cong ng sut bin dng ngn hn dng cho thit k i vi ct thp ..10
Hnh 1.9. Ct chu un theo 2 phng 10
Hnh 1.10. Xc nh cc s hng: ct chu ti hai trc. ...11
Hnh 1.11. Mt cong tng tc Pn Mnx Mny v im mmen tnh ton ..12
Hnh 2.1. ng cong tng tc PnMn 14
Hnh 2.2. Mt biu tng tc 15
Hnh 2.3. Dng I vng nn hnh tam gic 16
Hnh 2.4. Dng II vng nn hnh thang (loi 1) 16
Hnh 2.5. Dng III vng nn hnh thang (loi 2) 16
Hnh 2.6 Dng IV vng nn hnh 5 cnh 17
Hnh 2.7. Dng V vng nn l ton b tit din .17
Hnh 2.8. ng gii hn vng nn xc nh bi 2 bin v Px ...18
Hnh 2.9. S nn xin tng qut 900<<1800 18

Hnh 2.10 S xc nh N z; Mx; My theo v tr ca ng y=kx+ 19

Hnh 2.11. S tnh ton khi vng nn hnh tam gic . 19
Hnh 2.12. S tnh ton khi vng nn hnh thang (loi 1) ..20
Hnh 2.13. S tnh ton khi vng nn hnh thang (loi 2) ..20
Hnh 2.14. S tnh ton khi vng nn hnh 5 cnh .21
Hnh 2.15. S tnh ton khi vng nn l ton b tit din .21
Hnh 2.16. S tnh chiu cao vng nn x v h0i ...22
Hnh 2.17. S quy c du 24
Hnh 2.18. Ct mt biu bng mt phng ng .25
Hnh 2.19. Ct mt biu bng mt phng ngang 26
Hnh 2.20 S ni lc nn lch 1 phng 26
Hnh 2.21 S ng sut tnh ton ct ch nht chu nn lch tm 1 phng .27
Hnh 2.22. Biu tng tc ..27
Hnh 3.1. Biu din quan h gia Nz vi l v nn

...28

- 1-

PHN M U
I. Tnh cp thit ca ti
Thc t tnh ton thit k hin nay phn ln tnh theo lch tm phng, iu ny
dn n sai lch trong thit k. Do , a n yu cu l cn phi c mt chng trnh
mang tnh ng dng cao vi mc chnh xc m bo v ph hp vi tiu chun
TCXDVN 356:2005.
V nhm tc gi nhn thy cn phi cho ra i mt phn mm tnh thp s dng
min ph vi nhng tnh nng d s dng v p dng theo tiu chun Vit Nam. Vic
xy dng chng trnh my tnh v cc ng cong tng tc kim tra kh nng
chu lc ca cu kin b tng ct thp chu nn lch tm xin theo TCXDVN 356:2005
gip ngi s dng c th hon thnh tt cng vic mt cch chnh xc nhanh chng.
V y chnh l l do hnh thnh nn ti: Xy dng phn mm tnh ton ct
thp bng Matlab V2 l phn tip theo ca ti: Xy dng phn mm tnh ton
ct thp bng Matlab m nhm tc gi thc hin.

II. Tng quan tnh hnh nghin cu ca ti

Hin nay trn th gii c rt nhiu phn mm tnh thp nh Sap2000, Etabs
nhng phn mm do nc ngoi lp trnh da theo tiu chun thit k ca cc nc
phng Ty, do nhm tc gi nghin cu v phn mm Matlab v ng dng
phn mm Matlab vo vic xy dng phn mm tnh thp theo tiu chun Vit Nam.
MatLab l mt phn mm chuyn dng chy trong mi trng Windows do hng
MathWork sn xut v cung cp. C th coi MatLab l mt ngn ng tnh ton, k
thut. N tch hp cc cng c rt mnh phc v tnh ton, lp trnh, thit k, m
phng, trong mt mi trng rt d s dng trong cc bi ton v cc li gii
c biu din theo cc k hiu ton hc quen thuc.
Trong mi trng i hc, n l mt cng c chun cho cc kho hc m u v
cao cp v ton hc, khoa hc v k thut.

- 2-

Trong cng nghip, n l cng c c la chn cho vic phn tch, pht trin v
nghin cu hiu sut cao.

III. Mc tiu nghin cu

1. To ra mt cng c tnh thp ct 2D v 3D s dng ngn ng lp trnh Matlab.
2. Cung cp cho i ng k s chuyn mn mt cng c h tr, gip y nhanh v
chnh xc ha qu trnh tnh ton thp.
3. H tr sinh vin trong qu trnh hc tp v thc hin cc n chuyn ngnh c
lin quan.

IV. i tng nghin cu v phm vi nghin cu

1. i ng k s hnh ngh lin quan n vic tnh ton ct thp.
2. Sinh vin hc tp ti khoa KTCT.
3. Cc c nhn lin quan khc.

V. Phng php nghin cu

1. L thuyt v tnh ton cu kin c bn b tng ct thp
2. Ngn ng Matlab
3. S dng tiu chun v thit k kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp TCXDVN
356:2005

VI. B cc ti
Chng 1: Tng quan
Chng 2: Nghin cu xy dng mt biu tng tc theo TCXDVN356-2005
Chng 3: Vit chng trnh trn my tnh xy dng mt biu tng tc
Chng 4: Hng dn s dng phn mm

- 3-

CHNG I

TNG QUAN

1.1. Khi nim nn lch tm xin

-

Nn lch tm xin l trng hp nn lch tm m mt phng un khng cha

trc i xng ca tit din.

-

Thc t thng gp tit din hnh ch nht c hai trc i xng (tit din trn

khng xy ra nn lch tm xin).

-

Gi hai trc i xng ca tit din l Ox v Oy. Gc gia mt phng un v trc

Ox l o.

Hnh 1.1. S ni lc nn lch tm xin [1]

C th phn mmen un M thnh hai thnh phn tc dng trong hai mt phng

cha trc Ox v Oy l Mx v My (Xem hnh v 1.1)

Mx = M.cos
My = M.sin
1.2. Ni lc tnh ton nn lch tm xin:
-

Ni lc tnh tan nn lch tm xin c ly t kt qu t hp ti trng, trong

cn ch n cc b ba ni lc (N, Mx, My) sau:

Nmax v Mx, My tng ng

- 4-

Mxmax v N, My tng ng

Mymax v N, Mx tng ng

Mx&My u ln v N tng ng

C lch tm e1x =

My
Mx
hoc e2x =
ln.
N
N

S ni lc tnh tnh ton c a v thnh lc N t ti im D c to l

xeox v yeoy (Hnh 1.2).

Sau khi xt lch tm ngu nhin v un dc th mmen tc dng theo 2

phng c tng ln thnh M x* v M *y :

M x* = Nxeox ; M *y = Nyeoy .
C

Hnh 1.2. S ni lc vi lch tm [1]

1.3. S lm vic nn lch tm xin:

-

Vi cu kin lm bng vt liu n hi v ng nht chu nn lch tm xin, c

th dng phng php cng tc dng tnh ng sut:

My
Mx
N
x
y
Jx
Jy
F

iu kin bn l hn ch ng sut khng c vt qu ng sut cho php

hoc cng tnh ton ca vt liu.

- 5-

Khi tnh theo trng thi gii hn, do khng th tnh ring ng sut ca tng loi

ni lc nn khng th dng phng php cng tc dng m phi xt tc dng ng thi

ca N, Mx , My.
-

Khi chu nn lch tm xin, tu theo v tr im t lc cng nh tng quan

gia ni lc & kch thc tit din v cch b tr ct thp m c th xy ra trng hp

ton b tit din chu nn hoc mt phn tit din chu nn v mt phn tit din chu
ko.
-

Vi tit din c mt phn chu nn th vng nn c th 1 trong 4 dng

(Hnh1.3).
Xo
X

Xo
X

Vng nn tnh i

Xo
X

Xo

Hnh 1.3. Cc dng ca vng nn [1]

Tu theo quan im tnh ton m cc tiu chun cc nc a ra cc cch tnh

ng sut trong thanh thp i khc nhau.

1.4. ng sut trong ct thp:
1.4.1 Theo quan im ng sut:
1.4.1.1 Vi ct thp chu ko (hoc chu nn t hn) As:
Tiu chun TCXDVN 356:2005 a ra cng thc thc nghim xc nh s:

- 6-

1 x / h0

1 Rs
1 R

s = 2

Cng thc ny dng cho b tng c cp bn bng hoc nh hn B30, ct thp

nhm CI, AI, CII, AII, CIII, AIII (Rs 400) v chp nhn khi x ho. Khi x > ho th ly
s = -Rs.
Trong trng hp Rh0 x h v Rs 400 nh sau:

s = 1

2( x R h0 )
Rs ;
h R h0

1.4.1.2. Vi ct thp chu nn nhiu hn As:

iu kin s' t n Rsc l: x 1a
Phn tch kt qu thc nghim thy rng 1 ph thuc vo Rsc v thay i trong
khong 1,52 (1 tng khi Rsc tng). n gin ho, chp nhn gi tr 1 = 2 cho mi
loi ct thp (vi Rsc 400Mpa)

Hnh 1.4. ng sut trong ct thp i v i [1]

1.4.2 Theo quan im bin dng:

- 7-

Xut pht t bin dng ca b tng ti mp vng nn c quy nh, dng gi

thit tit din phng, khi bit v tr trc trung ha (bit x0) v v tr ca thanh hoc hng
ct thp th i (h0i) s tnh ra c bin dng ca n l i (xem hnh 1.5)
i =
Khi

hoi x0
c
x0

i T th i = Rs
i < T th i = iRs , vi T =

Rs
Es

Vi ct thp chu ko: iu kin i = Rs l : x ih0i (Vi i = iT, T =

i vi ct thp chu nn: iu kin i' = Rsc l: x 2h0i (Vi 2 =

R
c s
Es

c
R
c sc
Es

Hnh 1.5. ng sut trong ct thp i c tnh theo bin dng i [1]

1.5. Cc trng hp tnh ton nn lch tm

- 8-

Mt s nc u M phn chia ra hai trng hp da vo vng chu nn: tit

din chu nn ton b v tit din chu nn mt phn.

-

Tiu chun thit k ca Nga, Trung Quc, Vit Nam phn chia ra hai trng

hp: nn lch tm ln v nn lch tm b da vo s lm vic ca ct thp A s, cng tc

l da vo gi tr ca chiu cao vng nn x.
Khi x < Rh0: ct thp As chu ko, ng sut s t ti Rs, xy ra ph hoi do
trng hp nn lch tm ln.

Khi x Rh0: ct thp As c th chu nn hoc ko m ng sut trong n cha

t n Rs hoc Rsc, s ph hoi bt u t b tng vng nn (ph hoi gin) trng

hp nn lch tm b.
1.5.1. Theo tiu chun Vit Nam TCXDVN 356:2005
Vic tnh ton tit din tng qut cn kim tra t iu kin:
M (RbSb - siSsi)
Chiu cao vng chu nn x v ng sut si c xc nh t vic gii ng thi cc
phng trnh:
RbAb - siAsi N = 0

si =

sc,u

1
i

1.1

ng sut si km theo du c tnh ton theo cc cng thc trn, khi a vo tnh
ton cn tho mn iu kin:
Rsi si Rsci (Rsci: mang du m)

- 9-

h01

h02

h04

2
3

h07

h06

h05

s1 As1
s2 As2
s3 As3
Rb Ab
s8 As8

h08

h03

A
8

s4 As4

4
7

6
5

s7 As7
s6 As6
s5 As5

Hnh 1.6. S ni lc v biu ng sut trn tit din thng gc vi trc dc cu

kin b tng ct thp trong trng hp tng qut tnh ton tit din theo bn [1]

1.5.2

Theo tiu chun Anh BS 8110-1997

(Tnh ton theo trng thi gii hn ca bin dng)

Hnh 1.7. ng cong ng sut bin dng ngn hn dng cho thit k i vi b tng
thng thng.[9]

Tnh c bin dng ca tit din, t bin dng ta xc nh c ng sut trong ct

thp v b tng.

- 10-

fy
m

200 kN/mm

fy
m
Hnh 1.8. ng cong ng sut bin dng ngn hn dng cho thit k i vi ct thp [9]

Trong tiu chun Anh BS 8110-1997 c a ra cch tnh gn ng nh sau:

Hnh 1.9. Ct chu un theo 2 phng [9]

Tnh ton theo un phng, b tr thp vi mmen tng thm:

+ Khi

Mx My
h'

tnh ct thp theo Mx = Mx + M y

b'
h'
b'

- 11-

Mx My
h'
<
tnh ct thp theo My = My + M x
b'
b'
h'

+ Khi
Trong :

h v b: chiu cao v chiu rng tnh ton ca tit din (hnh 1.9)
: h s tra bng c cho sn trong tiu chun (xem bng 1)
Bng 1: Cc gi tr ca h s (theo BS 8110-1997)
N
bhf cu

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

1.00

0.88

0.77

0.65

0.53

0.42

0.30

1.5.3 Theo tiu chun M ACI 318-99

1.5.3.1

Tnh ct lch tm theo mt phng vi lch tm tng ng:

lch tm ex v ey ca lc dc trc c thay th bng lch tm tng

ng e0x. Khi , ct chu nn lch tm xin c thit k nh ct chu nn lch
tm 1 phng gm lc dc v lch tm e0x.
Muy = Pu.ex v Mux = Pu.ey
y

im t ti

e
x

y
e

Hnh 1.10. Xc nh cc s hng: ct chu ti hai trc.[2]

- Nu

ex e y
th ct c thit k vi lc dc tnh ton Pu v mmen un tnh ton
x
y

- 12-

M0y = Pu.e0x, trong : e0x = ex +

e y
y

x (*)

Gi tr c xc nh nh sau:
+ Nu

Pu
0.4 th =
f c' Ag

0.5 Pu

f c' Ag

f y 40000

0.6
100000

+ Nu

Pu
> 0.4 th =
f c' Ag

1.3 Pu

f c' Ag

f y 40000

0.5
100000

- Nu phng trnh

ex e y
khng tho mn cc gi tr x v y, ex v ey trong biu
x y

thc (*) c thay th cho nhau tng ng.

1.5.3.2

Phng php ng bao ti trng:

P
(a)
(b)

Mt phng Pn

Pn

My0
ng bao
ti trng

M x0
Mt cong tung tc
Pn - Mnx-Mny

(c)

My

Mx
Hnh 1.11. Mt cong tng tc Pn Mnx Mny v im mmen tnh ton [1]

Theo , mt phng trung gian lm thnh mt gc vi mt phng POMx, ct mt

cong tng tc Pn Mnx Mny ti ng cong (c). Mt phng l mt phng ph hoi
v (c) l ng ph hoi i vi ct chu nn ng thi vi mmen un.

- 13-

= arctg

M
ex
= arctg ny
ey
M nx

ng bao ti trng l ng to thnh giao din gia mt phng M nx Mny ti

cao Pn v mt cong tng tc
Phng trnh tng tc ca ng bao ti trng nh sau:
M nx

M nx0

M ny

M
ny0

1.5.3.3 Phng php dng phng trnh tng tc Bresler:

bn ca ct chu nn lch tm xin c th tnh ton v kim tra theo phng
trnh:
1
1
1
1

Pu Pnx Pny Pn 0

1.5.4 Theo tiu chun c AS 3600-2001

Tiu chun c AS 3600-2001 cng dng phng php ng bao ti trng
tnh ton v kim tra cho ct chu nn lch tm xin (tng t nh trong ACI 318-99).
Phng trnh tng tc:
M x*

M
ux

M *y

M uy

1.0

- 14-

CHNG II

NGHIN CU XY DNG MT BIU

TNG TC THEO TIU CHUN VIT NAM

TCXDVN 356:2005
2.1. Biu tng tc
i vi tit din cho trc chu nn lch tm kh nng chu lc c biu din
thnh mt ng tng tc. l ng cong th hin theo hai trc Oxy. Trc ng
Oy th hin gi tr lc nn Pn, trc ngang Ox th hin mmen Mn. Trn ng cong
tng tc PnMn, ng tia th hin lch tm e =

Mn
.
Pn

y (P )

e=0

-ng tia e=M n /Pn

x
e

(M )

Hnh 2.1. ng cong tng tc PnMn [1]

2.2. Mt biu tng tc

Vi nn lch tm xin kh nng chu lc c biu din thnh mt biu tng
tc. l mt mt cong th hin theo ba trc Oxyz. Trc ng Oz th hin gi tr lc
nn. Cc trc ngang Ox v Oy th hin mmen Mx; My. Mi im trn mt biu
c xc nh bi ba ta x, y, z th hin cc ni lc tng ng

- 15-

Nz

C Nz(max)
Pn

M x0

Ok

D kx
x

D ky
Dy

Dx

Mx

My
Hnh 2.2. Mt biu tng tc [1]

2.3.

Nguyn tc xy dng mt biu tng tc t hnh dng v kch thc

vng nn b tng:
Gi thit hnh dng v kch thc vng nn ca b tng, t xc nh c cc
gi tr N z, Mx v My.
T s b tr ct thp, ng knh ct thp ta xc nh c ta ca tng ct
thp, ng sut trong ct thp si, xc nh c lc tc dng ln mi ct thp. Bit cc
thng s vng nn l kch thc vng nn, ng sut trong b tng R b, xc nh c
trng tm vng nn, hp lc tc dng ln vng nn. T , gi tr N z c xc nh
bng vic ly hp lc theo phng trc z; Mx v My c xc nh bng vic ly
mmen ca cc lc trong ct thp v b tng vng nn vi trc x v trc y.
2.4. Cc dng vng nn

- 16-

y
3

Hnh 2.3. Dng I vng nn hnh tam gic [1]

y
2

Hnh 2.4. Dng II vng nn hnh thang (loi 1) [1]

y
3

7
X

Hnh 2.5. Dng III vng nn hnh thang (loi 2) [1]

- 17-

y
3

Hnh 2.6. Dng IV vng nn hnh 5 cnh [1]

y
2

Hnh 2.7. Dng V vng nn l ton b tit din [1]

2.5. ng gii hn vng nn:

- ng gii hn vng nn c xc nh bi 2 tham s v Px (xem hnh)
+ l gc ca ng trung ha
+ Px l ta x ca im P P l giao im ca ng trung ha vi ng
cho AC.
- Nn lch tm phng tng ng vi = 0 hay = -/2

- 18-

Hnh 2.8. ng gii hn vng nn xc nh bi 2 bin v Px

Hnh 2.9. S nn xin tng qut 90 0<<1800

2.6. Xc nh phn ng gp vo Nz, Mx, My ca b tng vng nn

- 19-

Hnh 2.10 S xc nh Nz; Mx; My theo v tr ca ng y=kx+

2.6.1 Trng hp I: Vng nn hnh tam gic

Hnh 2.11. S tnh ton khi vng nn hnh tam gic

2.6.2 Trng hp II: Vng nn hnh thang (loi 1)

- 20-

Hnh 2.12. S tnh ton khi vng nn hnh thang (loi 1)

2.6.3 Trng hp III: Vng nn hnh thang (loi 2)

Hnh 2.13. S tnh ton khi vng nn hnh thang (loi 2)

2.6.4 Trng hp IV: Vng nn hnh 5 cnh

- 21-

Hnh 2.14. S tnh ton khi vng nn hnh 5 cnh

2.6.5 Trng hp V: Vng nn hnh ch nht (ton b tit din)

Hnh 2.15. S tnh ton khi vng nn l ton b tit din

- 22-

h0
3

h0
2

h0
5
h0
1

h0
8
h0
4

h0
6
h0
7

2.7. Xc nh phn nh hng ca ct thp ln N z, Mx, My:

y
Px

Cy

x
5

Cx
Hnh 2.16. S tnh chiu cao vng nn x v h 0i

Ta xc nh c ng sut trong ct thp i t cng thc:

si =

sc,u

1
i

1,1

si mang du m khi chu nn, dng khi chu ko. Khi tnh ra si > Rsi th
ly si = Rsi; khi tnh ta si < Rsci (Rsci mang du m) th ly si= Rsci.
Phn lc dc do ct thp ng gp vo N z l:
n

Nz(s)= i f si
i 1

Phn mmen do ct thp ng gp vo Mx l:

n

Mx(s)= i f si yi
i 1

Phn mmen do ct thp ng gp vo My l:

- 23-

My(s)= i f si xi
i 1

2.8. Xc nh mt biu tng tc:

Vi mi ng thng xc nh chiu cao vng nn y = ax+b ta xc nh c
nh hng ca b tng v ct thp ln cc gi tr N z, Mx, My. Nh vy, ta hon ton
xc nh c:
Nz= Nz(n)+Nz(s)
Mx= Mx(n)+Mx(s)
My= My(n)+My(s)
T kt qu tnh ton ny, vic thay i cc v tr ca ng y = ax+b (bng cch
thay i v Px), ta s xc nh c tp hp cc im to nn mt biu tng tc.
2.9. Quy c du:
Cc gi tr tnh ton trn c tun theo quy c du sau y:
ng sut b tng vng nn c quy c c gi tr dng.
ng sut trong ct thp s mang gi tr m khi chu nn v c gi tr dng
khi chu ko.
Ta ct thp c gi tr v du theo h ta Oxy (hnh 1.27).
Gi tr N z tnh ra c gi tr dng khi chu nn.
Gi tr Mx, My c chiu dng quy c l chiu nh trn hnh 1.27.
Nh quy nh y th gi tr cng tnh ton ca b tng R b s c gi tr
dng; gi tr cng chu ko tnh ton ca ct thp Rs s c gi tr dng; gi
tr cng chu nn ca ct thp Rsc s c gi tr m

- 24-

Hnh 2.17. S quy c du

2.10. S dng mt biu tng tc trong tnh ton v kim tra

Vi mi tit din chu nn lch tm vi kch thc v b tr ct thp xc nh,
ta s xy dng c mt mt biu tng tc tng ng (N z,Mx,My).
Vi kt qu tnh ton ni lc t cc s kt cu, vi mi cu kin nn lch tm,
ti mi mt ct s c cc gi tr N z(tt), Mx(tt), My(tt).
kim tra kh nng chu lc ca tit din, ta s tnh c Nz*=Nz(tt), Mx*=
Nz(tt)e0x ; My*= Nz(tt)e0y l cc gi tr mmen c k ti un dc v lch tm ngu
nhin.
Nu im (N z*,Mx*,My*) nm trong mt biu tng tc (Nz,Mx,My) th tit din
kh nng chu lc Nz(tt), Mx(tt), My(tt) v ct thp hon ton c xc nh.
Nu khng nm trong mt biu tng tc (N z,Mx,My), ta s thay i ct thp
hoc tit din, lc ny s tng ng vi mt tng tc mi (N z,Mx,My)*. V vic tnh
ton, kim tra kt thc khi ta xc nh c mt tng tc m bo im (N z*,Mx*,My*)
nm trong n.
2.11. Ct mt biu bng mt phng ng:

- 25-

Ct mt biu bng mt phng ng xOz s c c ng cong CD x. l

biu tng tc ng vi hai ni lc N z v Mx cn My= 0 (hnh 2.17a).
Ct bng mt phng yOz c ng cong CDy l biu theo Nz v My cn Mx=0
(hnh 2.17b).
Cc ng CDx v CDy l biu tng tc ca nn lch tm phng theo hai
phng Ox v Oy.
Ct bng mt phng Oz lp vi mt phng xOz mt gc , c c ng cong CD,
l biu tng tc ca nn lch tm xin ng vi N v mmen M= M 2x M 2y
(hnh 2.17c) vi Mx=M.cos, My=M.sin; tg=

Nz

C Nz(max)

a)

Ok

Dx

b)

Ok
x

c)

Ok
x

Dy

Nz

C Nz(max)

D ky

Mx

Mx

Nz

C Nz(max)

D kx

My

D k
x

My

Hnh 2.18. Ct mt biu bng mt phng ng [1]

2.12. Ct mt biu bng mt phng ngang:

Dng mt phng ngang song song vi mt xOy lm mt ct. Mt phng ny ct

trc Oz ti im Ok ng vi gi tr Nk. Giao tuyn ca mt ct v mt biu l ng
cong DkxDky (hnh 2.18a). l biu tng tc ca nn lch tm xin ng vi lc
nn Nk hng s.
ng cong DxDy trn mt phng xOy l trng hp c bit ng vi N=0, l

- 26-

biu tng tc ca trng hp un xin (hnh 2.18b).

Vi tit din c ct thp t u theo chu vi v i xng qua hai trc, ng cong
thng c dng li (ng A hnh 2.18c)
a)

b)

D kx

D k
D ky

c)

Dx

D kx

D
Dy
x

N=0

D ky

Hnh 2.19. Ct mt biu bng mt phng ngang [1]

2.13. Ct ch nht chu nn lch tm mt phng

2.13.1 Khi nim nn lch tm mt phng
Nn lch tm 1 phng l trng hp mt phng un cha trc i xng ca
tit din.

Hnh 2.20 S ni lc nn lch 1 phng [3]

- 27-

2.13.2

Gi thit tnh ton

ng sut trong vng b tng chu nn c dng hnh ch nht v t n cng

chu nn tnh ton;
Bin dng phn b tuyn tnh theo chiu cao;
B qua kh nng chu ko ca b tng.
2.13.3

S ng sut (hnh 2.20)

Hnh 2.21. S ng sut tnh ton ct ch nht chu nn lch tm 1 phng [3]

2.13.4

Biu tng tc (Hnh 2.21)

Hnh 2.22. Biu tng tc [3]

- 28-

CHNG III VIT CHNG TRNH TRN MY VI

TNH XY DNG MT BIU TNG TC
3.1. Xy dng h ng cong l cc mt ct ngang ca mt biu tng tc
c th s dng c mt biu tng tc ta phi xy dng h cc ng cong
l cc mt ct ca mt biu tng tc. y, h cc ng cong c xy dng l
cc mt ct ngang ca mt biu tng tc.
3.2. Trnh t xy dng h ng cong l cc mt ct tng tc
- Xc nh nh ca mt tng tc, chnh l N z(max) khi Mx=My=0.
Khi chu nn ng tm th kh nng chu nn ca tit din l:
Nz(max) = Rb.b.h Rsc.fsi
Vi yu cu v s lng nn mt ct, ta s xy dng nn ng tng tc cch u nhau
v c N zl=

N z (max)
nn

(l-1) (vi l = 1nn).

Ta nhn thy l = 1 tc l Nz1 =0 ng vi trng hp un xin.

z
(l)

Nz

Khi l=n n Nz(max)

Nz[l] =

N z(max)
x(l-1)
nn

Nz[1] = 0

Mx
Hnh 3.1. Biu din quan h gia Nz vi l v nn [1]

- 29-

Xc nh ng gii hn vng nn theo 2 bin v Px

Ty thuc vo v tr ca ng gii hn vng nn ta s c cc dng vng nn. Vi

mi gi tr , khi thay i Px ta s c c mt h cc tia xut pht t mt im. S

lng im trn 1 ng cong ct ngang qua biu tng tc ph thuc vo bc
nhy ca .
Ta nhn thy khi = 0 hoc = -/2 l trng hp nn lch tm phng.
+ T vng nn xc nh, ta xc nh phn tc dng ca b tng ln N z, Mx, My
bng cch chiu ln trc z (xc nh Nz), ly moment vi trc x (xc nh Mx), ly
moment vi trc y (xc nh My).
+ Xc nh cc gi tr h0i, t xc nh si ca tng thanh ct thp.
Nh vy, vi mi gi tr (tung ng vi ch s l), ta thay i Px cho n khi tnh
c Nz[l](Px) = Nz[l] th dng li. Cho thay i t 0 n -/2 ta s c mt ng
cong tng tc (Mxi;Myi).
3.3. S khi:
S dng cc kt qu tnh trong chng II v trnh t tnh ton c nu
trn xy dng s khi tnh ton mt biu tng tc, y, l h cc ng
cong cc mt ct ngang ca biu

- 30-

- 31-

CHNG IV

HNG DN S DNG PHN MM

Chn chng trnh tnh ct 2D hoc 3D

Khi ng chng trnh: xut hin giao din 3D (nu chn tnh 3D) nh hnh v

Gn d liu u vo ca bi ton

- 32-

Sau khi gn d liu xong, click chut vo ng knh thp v chn ng

knh thp b tr.
Click vo tnh ct thp s xut hin kt qu din tch thp

- 33-

Chn s khong m thp b tr theo 2 phng: phng x v phng y.

Click vo b tr ct thp s xut hin mt ct ngang tit din c b tr thp

- 34-

Click chn vo biu tng tc

Cick chn kim tra s xut hin cc biu N & M*, Mx* & My*

- 35-

- 36-

Nu chn chng trnh tnh cho ct 2D lm tng t nh trn.

- 37-

KT LUN V KIN NGH

KT LUN
Qua nghin cu v th nghim, nhm tc gi nhn thy rng:
Chng trnh v ng cong ct ngang mt biu tng tc theo N z cho kt
qu nhanh v rt thun li cho vic kim tra kh nng chu nn lch tm xin
ca tit din b tr ct thp cho trc.
Vic p dng chng trnh v ng cong ct ngang mt biu tng tc s
mang li nhiu ng dng trong vic kim tra thit k cng nhng trong tnh ton
thit k cu kin ct b tng ct thp chu nn lch tm xin.
KIN NGH
Hng nghin cu tip theo ca nhm l vit chng trnh tnh ton cho tit
din ch T, ch I, hnh trn..
Nhm tc gi kin ngh nh trng to iu kin nhm c th gii thiu sn
phm n cc n v pht trin sn phm ca mnh

- 38-

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Gs. Ts Nguyn nh Cng (2008),tnh ton tit din ct b tng ct thp, Nh
xut bn Xy dng.
[2] TS Nguyn Trung Ha, Kt cu b tng ct thp theo quy phm Hoa K, Nh xut
bn Xy dng.
[3] Ths Ng Th Phong (2005), Kt cu b tng ct thp, Nh xut bn Khoa hc k
thut
[4] Nguyn Phng Quang, Matlab v Simulink dnh cho k s iu khin t ng, Nh

xut bn Khoa hc k thut

[5] V B Tm (2009), Kt cu b tng ct thp Cu kin c bn (tp 1), Nh xut
bn i hc Quc Gia TP H Ch Minh.
[6] Bi Quang Trng, Tnh kt cu b tng ct thp, Nh xut bn Xy dng.
[7] Ts H Vn Sung, Thc hnh x l s tn hiu trn my tnh PC vi Matlap, Nh
xut bn Khoa hc k thut
[8] Phm Th Ngc Yn (2005), C s Matlap v ng dng, Nh xut bn Lao ng -

X hi.
[9] Nguyn Trung Ho (bin dch v ch gii),Quy phm Anh quc BS 8110-1997 -Kt
cu b tng v b tng ct thp, Nh xut bn xy dng, H Ni, 2003.

- 39-