K THUT T

TC DNG:
Xc nh s lng ca khng kh gi trong h thng l nung ca bn
Bt k lng khng kh gi sau khi thp lm nng lm gim nng lc sn xut (khi qut
ID n gii hn)
HI THO CC VN :
- Cc i tng
- Cc nh ngha c bn
- Cch tnh ton
- Phn tch kh/ kim tra mc kh gi

1. Cc i tng nghin cu:

Mc ch:
c th tnh ton khi lng khng kh cn thit cho qu trnh t chy
c th xc nh lu lng kh thi
c th xc nh s lng ca khng kh gi trong mt h thng l nung
2. Cc nh ngha c bn:
* nh ngha cc iu kin
iu kin thc t:
- p sut tuyt i thc t
- Nhit thc t
iu kin bnh thng:
1013 mbar
(p sut mi trng ti mc nc bin)
273.16 K
(nhit nc lnh = 0C)

iu kin tiu chun (M)

30 inch Hg
(1016 mbar)
60F
(15.6C = 288.76 K)

* nh ngha 1 Mol:
1 kMol = 6.02 * 1026 mol
1 kMol kh cn 22.4 Nm3 khng gian.

=
=
=
=

3. Cch tnh:
* Cc sn phm chy c bn l g?
C + O2 CO2
S + O2 SO2
4H + O2 2H2O
N2 N2

C
H
O
N

S
Ash
H2O

Air
(N2, O2)
Ash

Cc phng trnh t chy c bn l g?

C
+
O2
1 kMol
1 kMol

CO2
1 kMol

2H
2 kMol

O2
0.5 kMol

H2O
1 kMol

S
1 kMol

O2
1 kMol

SO2
1 kMol

N2
1 kMol

N2
1 kMol

Khng kh cn thit cho qu trnh t chy C l g?

C
+ O2
CO2
1 kMol
1 kMol
1 kMol
12 kg
22.4 Nm3
22.4 Nm3

Amin,C

22.4NmO3
1
Nm3 Air

8.89
NmO3
12kgC
kg C
0.21 Nm
3
air

Khng kh cn thit cho qu trnh t chy H l g?

2H
+ O 2
H2O
2 kMol
kMol
1 kMol
2 kg
22.4 Nm3
22.4 Nm3

Amin,H

22.4 NmO3
1
Nm3 Air

26.6
NmO3
2 kg H
kg H
0.21 Nm
3
1
2

air

Khng kh cn thit cho qu trnh t chy S l g?

S
1 kMol
32kg

Amin,S

O2
1 kMol
22.4 Nm3

SO2
1 kMol
22.4 Nm3

22.4NmO3
1
Nm3 Air

3.33
3
32 kgC 0.21 Nm3O
kg S
Nm
air

Khng kh cn thit cho qu trnh t chy O nhin liu l g?

Amin,O

22.4NmO3
1
Nm3 Air

- 3.33
NmO3
32 kgO
kg O
0.21 Nm
3
air

Khng kh cn thit cho qu trnh t chy l g?

Amin = 8.89 x C + 26.6 x H + 3.3 x S - 3.3 x O Nm3/kgfuel
C, H, S, O phi c phn lng!
C bao nhiu kh c to thnh?
Bc 1: cc nguyn t trong kh t C, H, S, N
C
+ O2 CO2
12 kg/kMol CO2
22.4 Nm3/kMol

22.4 Nm3 CO 2
Nm3 CO2
1.87
12 kg C
kg C

2H
+ O2
2 kg/kMol H2O

H2O
22.4 Nm3/kMol

22.4 Nm3 H2O

Nm3 H2O
11.2
2 kg H
kg H

S
+ O2
32 kg/kMol SO2

SO2
22.4 Nm3/kMol

22.4 Nm3 SO 2
Nm3 SO 2
0.7
32 kg S
kg S

2N
N2
2*14 kg/kMol N2
22.4Nm3/kMol

22.4 Nm3 N2
Nm3 N2
0.8
28 kg N
kg N
Bc 2: Cc khi lng b sung
Humidity-fuel
H2O
18 kg/kMol H2O
22.4 Nm3/kMol
22.4 Nm3
Nm3
1.244
18 kg
kg

Humidityair
Volume %
N2 from Amin

Volume% H2O A min

0.79 A min

Nm3 H2O
kg Fuel

Nm3 N2
kg Fuel

Bc 3: Tng cng
Vmin = 1.87 x C + 0.8 x N + 11.2 x H + 1.24 x H2Ofuel
+ 0.7 x S + 0.79 x Amin + H2Oair x Amin Nm3/kgfuel
C, H, S, N phi c phn lng!
Amin v Vmin l g:

Lng khng kh ti thiu cho qu trnh chy Amin:

L lng gi cn thit t chy hon ton m cha tnh n lng oxy d
(stoichiometric combustion).

Lng kh thi ti thiu Vmin:

L tng tt c cc kh t qu trnh t (CO2, SO2, N2, H2O), bao gm c m ca
nhin liu v nhng thnh phn c trong khng kh t (N2, H2O).

Cc thnh phn kh thi ca l:

Kiln exhaust gas

Bt liu

CO2
Fuel

H2O

H2Ovapor
Amin

Vmin,wet

Vmin,dry
CO2, SO2, N2

Excess air O2, N2

Air

False
air

Cch tnh gn ng Amin v Vmin:

Lng kh t ti thiu Amin:
Trong trng hp nhin liu rn:
1.01xHl
Amin - Factor 0.26 Nm3/MJ = Amin =
+ 0.5 (Nm3/kg-nhin liu)
1000
Trong trng hp nhin liu lng:
Amin =

0.85 xHl
+ 2 (Nm3/kg-nhin liu)
1000

Trong trng hp nhin liu kh:

1.09 xHl
Amin =
- 0.25 (Nm3/kg-nhin liu)
1000
Lng kh thi ti thiu Vmin:
Vmin Factor(wet) 0.28 Nm3/MJ (wet)
Vmin Factor(dry) 0.25 Nm3/MJ (dry)
Trong trng hp nhin liu rn:
0.89 xHl
Vmin =
+ 1.65 (Nm3/kg-nhin liu)
1000
Trong trng hp nhin liu lng:
1.11xHl
Vmin =
(Nm3/kg-nhin liu)
1000
Trong trng hp nhin liu kh:
1.14 xHl
Vmin =
+ 0.25 (Nm3/kg-nhin liu)
1000
Kh sinh ra t bt liu H2O
H2O: 22.4 Nm3/kMol
22.4 Nm3
Nm3
1.244
16 kg O 2 kg H
kg
H2Ovapor = Mclinker* R * hydrate contentraw meal* 1.244 Nm3/h
H2Ovapor 0.01 Nm3/kgclinker for dry kiln feed
H 2Ovapor

w
R 1.244(

Nm3 / kg cl )
1 w

Kh ca qu trnh t v kh ca bt liu:

Lng kh d trong qu trnh t:

Excess Air Gas dry,combustion raw meal

Lng kh thi ca l (cng ngh kh)

O 2,dry%
21 % O 2,dry%

Kiln exhaust gas

H2Ovapor

3
3
3
3
O2,dry%

g 0.28 Nm 0.28 Nm q 0.27 Nm 0.25 Nm q

kg cli
MJ
kg cli
MJ 21 % O2,dry%
Vmin,dry

Vmin (m 1)Amin (Nm3 / kg fuel)

O V THANH TRA KH GI
V D:

&
CO2,raw meal
Excess Air