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3/22/20141

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(Fourier )

dT
Q A
dx
k


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t = f ( x, y, z, )
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:

= 0 t = f ( x, y, z )

=0

t = f ( x, y )

( ) :

=0;
=0 t=f(x)


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[W/mK]

0.005 0.5
0.07 0.7

0.023 3.0

M
Lg

Al
Cu

0.25

63
45.4
17.5
204
384

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k = k [ 1 + b ( t to )]
:

k, ko-.
t to, W/(m K)
b

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( )

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-

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(
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t1 t2 ( ).

t1

q
R

18

t1 t2

t2

(n - . )

t1 t 2
n

t1

k
i 1

i
R Ri
i
i 1 ki
n

t2

( n )

2 k

t 2 t1
d
ln 2
d1

d
R
ln 2
2 k d1
19

t2
t1

d1/d2

2
1 d2
ln

i 1
ki d1 i
n

t1 t3

1
d2
R
ln
i 1
2 ki d1 i
n

(/) .

20

3/22/2014

( )
,
(/,
/, ...)

21

3/22/2014


, ( Newton ) :

q h t p t f

:
h - . , W/( m2 K )
tP . , oC
tf - , oC

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.

22

3/22/2014

Reynolds

Re

Prandtl

Pr

Pecle

Pe

23

Grashoff
Nusselt

Gr

W L

Pe
Re

W L
a

L - , m

W - , m/s

b - . , 1/oC

- .
, W/(mK)

- , m/s2

g L3 t

Nu f Re, Pr, Gr

Nu C Re m Pr n Gr p

L
C , m, n, p
D

3/22/2014

24

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3/22/2014

25

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( ),
,

3/22/2014


[W/(m2K)]
(105 ), 2 20
(105 ), 10 200
(2.5 105 ), 200 - 1000

26

500 5000

100 1000
( ) 2000 50000
( ) 500 1000
( ) 2000 100000
( ) 500 - 50000
( - ) 5 500
, ( ) 5
2000 , ( ) 1500
3/22/2014




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() .

27

- :
EC = T4 , W/m2
- .
= 5.67 108 W/(m2 K )

E = EC = T 4
-

28

3/22/2014

,
. 1
. 2 :

q12 = 12 ( T14 T24 )

12 -
-

1, 2

1
29

1
1

Zra~ewe

:
Q12 = 12 A1 ( T14 T24 )

1, 2

30

1
1
A

1 1
1 2
A2
1

Q1, 2 1,2 1,2

4
A1 T1

4
T2

1, 2 1 2
1, 2

1
A1

A1 A2

cos 1 cos 2

dA1 dA2

1,2 - 1 2
r - dA1, dA2
1, 2 -

31

3/22/2014

Zra~ewe
a - ,
,
.

Qz z A t1 t 2
4

T1 T2

100
100


z
T1 T2

32

1
2

Qz z 2 A2 t1 t 2

koeficient na ozra~uvawe (aglov

faktor) odnos na zra~ewe od
povr{inata 1 na povr{inata 2 i
vkupnoto zra~ewe na povr{inata 1.

1 A1 2 A2
3/22/2014

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33

3/22/2014

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34

3/22/2014

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-

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3/22/2014
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35

:
A
k - .
dT/dx -

dT
Q A
dx
:

Q hc A Tb T f
:

Q AT

4
b

36

:
A
hc -

Tb -Tf -

:
Tb -


- Stefan-Boltzmann
A


,

-
.
:
:

Q = U ( tI tII )

Q = UL L ( tI tII )

Q = Uor ( tI tII )

U
37

1
n

Rh1 Ri Rh 2
i 1

3/22/2014

 / .
k

h2

1 1

h1 k h2

UL
h1

1
h1 d1

1
d
1
ln 2
2k d1 h2 d 2
h1

ki

d1/d2h

h2

1
1
i
h1 i 1 ki h2
n

UL

h1

1
n
d
1
1
1

ln i ,i 1
h1d1 i 1 2k d i 1,i h2d 2

38

: q = const

:

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40

( ) ,
, .
:
,
.
3/22/2014

()
Fick.

ci
ji Dc
n

Dc pi
ji

RiT n
41

3/22/2014

C i
j ic Dc
y

Za prakti~ni presmetki se koristi

jic c ci

icWc
y 0

ili

jic p pi

Vkupen protok na masa

J ic

ic

dA c ci A

42

3/22/2014



,
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.

p pp
r

q - , kg/( m2h )
ppp

44

, kPa
r - , ( Nh/kg)

3/22/2014

m - faktor na otporot na difuzija, - debelina na slojot , m

RWP-gasna konst. za vodena parea,
RWP=462 J/(kg K)
T - temperatura , K
DWPV koeficient na difuzija na vodena parea niz vozduh ,
DWPV 0.080 m2/h

45

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46

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47

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48

3/22/2014