CC THNG S C BN V CHIU SNG.

* nh sng nhn thy.

nh sng nhn thy l di sng in t m mt ngi c th cm nhn c. C bc sng t
380 ~780 nm (nanomt, 1nm=10 -6 m ).
nh sng n sc ch c mt bc sng ( 1 mu ). Di bc sngca cc ng sng n sc:

( Theo sch K Thut nh sng ca nh nhut bn khoa hc k thut 2008 )

nh sng trng: L tp hp ca v s cc nh sng n sc.
1 . QUANG THNG .
Quang thng ca ngun sng l lng nh sng nhn thy m ngun sng pht ra trong trong
khng gian.
K hiu: (c l Phi ), n v: Lumen (Lm).
Hiu sut pht quang :
Mt ngun sng tiu th cng sut l P(w) v c quang thng l th t s:

[ lm\w] c gi l hiu sut pht quang ca ngun sng.

ngha: l ch s quan trng ni ln tnh kinh t ca ngun sng. Hiu sut pht quang cng
ln th cng tit kim in.
VD: n si t 220v/100w c = 1200lm = 12 lm\w.
Bng Compact 3U 220v/20w c =1200 lm = 60 lm\w tit kim in gp 5 ln
n si t.
n si t : t 10 n 15 lm/w.
hunhquang: t 60 n 80 lm/w.
2. CNG NH SNG.
Cng nh sng I: l lng nh sng nhn thy ca ngun sng pht ra theo mt phng cho
trc. n v l Candela (Cd). L 1 trong 7 n v trong h o lng quc t SI.
nh ngha candela: l cng nh sng theo mt phng ca ngun bc x nh sng n sc
c bc sng 555nm v cng nng lng theo phng ny bng 1/683(W/Sr);
VD: Ngn nn c I = 0.8 Cd theo mi phng.
n si t 40W/220V c I = 35 Cd theo mi phng.

3. RI .
ri E l mt quang thng trn b mt c din tch S v c tnh theo cng thc:
E=

(lux)
S

ngha : c trng cho mc c chiu sng ca s vt .V vy n l i lng rt quan

trng nh gi ch tiu chiu sng ca mt khng gian. Trong thit k chiu sng ni tht y l
ch tiu tiu chun u tin c quan tm .
ri cho cc khng gian tiu chun khc nhau c tra trong cc bng TCVN,CIE.
VD:
Cc khu vc chiu sng

ri tiu chun (Lux)

Hnh lang

50 150

Cu thang, thang my

100 200

Nh v sinh, nh kho

100 200

Cc phng chung trong vn phng

300 500

Cc ca hang nh

300 500

Cc trung tm bun bn ln

500 750

Siu th

500 750
n

ri trn mt im.
ri ti im A c tnh theo cng thc:
EA =

I cos

4. CHI L.
chi L c trng cho kh nng bc x nh sng ca ngun sng hoc b mt phn x gy nn
cm gic chi sng i vi mt ngi quan st.
Khi ta nhn vo ngun sng th ta cm nhn c s chi khng ch ph thuc vo cng
sng I m cn ph thuc gc quan st.
Nu chng ta quan st mt S di gc nghing th chi:

Theo tiu chun L(gii hn) = 500 cd/ m 2 .

- 5

L(min) = 10

cd/ m 2 .

5. CC C TNH CA NGUN SNG .

Nhit mu ca ngun sng (K).
y l c trng quan trng cho mu sc ca ngun sng.
so snh cht lng v mu sc ca nh sng vi nh sng t nhin ban ngy ngi ta a ra
khi nim v nhit mu, n m t bng cch so snh nh sng ca n vi nh sng bc x ca
mt vt en tuyt i c nung sng n cc nhit nh nhau trong khong (20000K n
10.0000K). Khi chun nhit nh nht s quyt nh ph bc x v do vy quyt nh c
mu sc nh sng.
T0(K)

Mu nh sng

Di 3300 K

3300 ~ 5300

Trung bnh

Trn 5300

Lnh

Ghi ch

Theo TCVN 7114: 2002

ngha :y l c s khoa hc u tin cho chng ta chn ngun sng cho cc ng dng yu
cu cc ri khc nhau .
ni chung cc loi n c nhit mu thch hp cho chng ta c cm gic nng v v vy n
c ng dng nhiu ni c yu cu ri thp .
cc n c nhit mu cao th gy cm gic lnh, mu dng cho nhng ni c mc chiu
sng cao.
Ch s hon mu CRI:
Cng mt s vt c chiu sng bng cc ngun sng khc nhau th s th hin cc mu sc
khc nhau. Ch s hon mu c trng cho ngun v s th hin mu sc trung thc ca s vt
c chiu sng. N l thng s ni ln cht lng ca ngun sng. N rt quan trng trong khi
la chn ngun sng ng dng trong thit k. CRI c gi tr t 0 100.
CRI cng cao cht lng nh sng cng tt.
CRI = 0 ng vi mi nh sng n sc.
CRI = 100 nh sng t nhin.
CRI < 50 mu sc ca s vt b bin i hon ton.
50 < CRI < 70 mu b bin i mt phn.
70 < CRI < 85 mu t b bin i, y l mi trng chiu sng thng dng.
CRI >85 s th hin mu rt tt, s dng trong cc cng trnh chiu sng yu cu cht
lng mu cao.