Hc thuyt MacDougall Kemp

Cc gi nh ca hc thuyt
- Th trng ti hai quc gia l cnh tranh
hon ho
- Li nhun cn bin ca nc i u t nh
hn li nhun cn bin ca nc nhn u
t
- Vn c t do di chuyn
- Thng tin th trng hon ho
- Cc quc gia u cng sn xut mt loi
hng ha

HC THUYT
m
U

M
P

E
D

T
N

n
O1

O2

Hc thuyt cc t chc cng nghip

Xy dng bi Stephen Hymer (1976) c
Kindleber, Cavesk tha.
FDI ch xy ra khi doanh nghip ca nc i
u t c li th hn doanh nghip nc
tip nhn (ngha l c li th c quyn)
L nhu cu t nhin ko di chu k vn
ng ca doanh nghip nhm ti a ha li
nhun
Mt s nh kinh t hc sau ny pht trin
quan nim ca Hymer thng qua so snh
doanh nghip FDI vi doanh nghip nc
nhn u t.*

Hc thuyt vng i sn phm

(Product life Cycle Hypothesis)
Vernon xy dng(1966), gii thch s bnh trng
ca cc TNCs Hoa K sau th chin th 2
L thuyt gii thch FDI theo chu k sn phm
- Giai on 1: sn phm c sn xut nc i u
t, sn phm sn xut mi mang tnh th nghim
- Giai on 2: sn phm c hon thin hn, cung
tng dn n cung>cu, xut hin nhu cu XK, FDI
- Giai on 3:sn phm c chun ha v cht lng,
nhiu doanh nghip tham gia sn xut, cnh tranh
cao v th cc doanh nghip phi tm th trng c li
th so snh v chi ph SX, pht sinh nhu cu FDI.

HC THUYT NI VI HA
Thm nhp th trng dn n pht sinh chi ph, kh
khn v ri ro.
Giao dch bng con ng bn ngoi (external route)
c th lm cho chi ph pht sinh nhiu hn, kh khn
v ri ro cao hn.
Vi li th quy m hot ng ton cu, doanh nghip
c th gim chi ph v ri ro bng cc giao dch ni
b.
Cc TNCs c th ti a ha li nhun bng cch thit
lp cc cng ty hoc chi nhnh ni c li th nht cho
vic ni vi ha li th c quyn ca mnh.
S dng c ch nh gi chuyn giao trong cc giao
dch ni b (tranfer pricing)

Hc thuyt chit trung

Doanh nghip s u t ra nc
ngoi khi hi cc iu kin:
- Li th a im (CSA: Country
specific advantages);
- Li th c quyn (FSA: Firm Specific
Advantages);
- Li th ni vi ha (Internalisation
advantages).

Cch thc thm nhp th trng

Entry Mode

EXPORT

LICENSING

FDI

Ownership

Internalisation Location