Refrigeration and | Heat Pump Systems ERs When you complete your study ofthis chapter, you wl be able to. > demonstrate understanding of basic vaporcompresson refrigeration and heat pump systems, >» Develop and analyze thermodynamic models of vaporcompression systems and thelr modifications inlding > sketching schematic and accompanying T-s diagrams. > evaluating property data at principal tates ofthe systems. > applying mass, energy, entopy, and exergy balances forthe basic processes, > determining reigerationandheat pump system perfomance coefficient of performance and capacity > Explain the elects on vapor-compresson system performance of varying key paramates, > demonstrate understanding ofthe operating orincpls of absorption and gas regeration systems, and perform thermodynamic analysis of gas systems, 589590 Chaptec40 Refigeraton and Meat Pump Sistens rita, Oe @ Mer. ‘TAKE NoTE.. Sie 6157 beth aes Inept oth tar feeona sdayan fn cetatetmnatymerie | fouthaghscetaine | Staten ste I Vapor Refrigeration Systems “TE pupa of ehigation sem fo manta cold ego ata temperate elo th opercture ofits strung Ts seman achired si the vapor feligetton pte hat ae te sbje ofthe preset son, 10.1.1 «Carnot Refrigeration Cycle ‘nae sme nga ec pe tn et enya {cunt igen Te bey ovine Ca pt powcr eb ai 10 Rg a sath ter cnn Frasgnn ts Cac figeon ce getgbveansepenat enere Teindte pn is pee Fes re lige 2 cng sea rep tr sonnets A poor a erly ‘rs sn ert ts ben ge ah eo oth ‘Stenpcte treme ten ual eeies Te ney tales ‘Sonn Syram ste hres ned ye son Tetrion ego ss eaay gh he compen ia she tpn at empath elt shaper Seopa niu eee cepnrs eseget ‘Sons fm id vapors os ate eget oe pn Tr egret te eae an pee tegen {Soar dye econ tose Te elgenattie coneed ‘Sal tom ste swine its «onan gp case 2, Sinn sal par Duong pose temps ot lara Tene fn Te rt psa se ene he ig po teconpranr oh amdensr whet cage pe om sane per @ ‘Some uae ew tern he ep pete Te ‘Snyerton dpe ech epsom sae ae The ‘etc td Ot he upoy xg it Sipps tne nth yee fom sue) ote pee {Eesti nea davene im ome pee 2 * ie ¥ ed 1 iy cmp Piet os fone Ss . Fig 20 ot ape eigen ote10. Vapor Reigeraton Systems spt Since the Cunot vapor regeaton ees ade up of internally reverse po esis res onthe Fs gram a be ategetd as heat tans Area ache ‘she bent added to the etrigaant fom the old eon per unit mass of eligerant ‘loving, Aen I-t-0--2the bat eet fom he regerant to the warm region ‘per ant ase of rlgeant Roving. The ecosed aes 1-22-41 iste net heat Tras fem the eligean. Tent heat waste from te retngeran equals heme work done othe refgerei The network isthe dfecaceBetwest the compressor kit andthe turbine work out "The coin of performance any relgraion eye thera of he reg: tration effect fo the nel Work pt squited to achive that eft For the Carat, ‘aor refrigeration ej show Fg, 101 the coeficient of performance Tes, 5) Ge Tae} Wo Wa ich redoes uy “Tis equation, wich conesponds to Eq 5.10, represen the maxi theoretical octet of performance of ay regain ej pertingDetvesn region at Te tid Ty 10.1.2: Departures from the Carnot Cycle ‘Acual vapor rtigoraton sats dopart sical fom the Carnot ele con- dered above and hive coetients of pelortance lover than would be cle ed from Eq, 104, Three ways ata systems depart from the Cammat eee are conidered net. > One ofthe mont signin epauesitstedothe stn "|g yt fembotnees the eigen athe to eon In act se, an thee heat tanstrs are ot somite every spread / — ove In pate o aleve ae fea wanes 19 ‘iti he ompeatie of held eo t Te wth a pact. repent Calin esponto ree he enperatue of he eigen tx ane the evaporator, eto be sew dees below Te TAN hs: “| Cee ined y te pucmentaticteperaue Feonte Papas [Oy ‘re aft 102 Sony oobi sient het wanferate tom i the religrat tothe warm ion requires that the relgaant tompotre in the condense, Ty be sve depies above Te ‘Tas Mla by the placene of the temperature Ty onthe es diagram of Fig 102, baiting the reliant epecuse othe bet etcangsts at Tan Th rather than at Te and Ty, respectvel ha he oft of eduing the coetcient at peefonance. Tis can Be sen by expesing the accent of psforaance ofthe eigen ejle despa by 1-2" ad ald repos. ana) Conpasng the acs under the expeson for Gy gen above, We ca ld ht he waif ses than Tis conn abou the eet of reiger ant temperature onthe cnet of pevtarmance abo apples to er religion js nsiderd in th chap. Fig, 1.2 Compan ote conderser at rpaotr temperate tase ote mar592 Chapter 10 Reigeraton ard Heat Pump Sytens ia vt one > Even when the temperature dfereness between the segerant and ‘yam and old regons are taken into consideration, there are ofber features that make the mapo efigeaion ele of Fig 102 impact 4 prototype Refersng sain othe ia, ot that the compe son proces fom sate Ito state 2” aru wih the eiarant a a rwophase quid-rapor intr. This common eferred to as wet ‘onpreson We compeson is normally aide bea he pres si, ence of quid droplet the Sowing Hid por mite eas dam sacs ge the pres. natal ssn the compressor handles vapor, ton Tis known as dry compreion > Anuar fen ths mats tho cle of Fi 102 imprcil ste exp on procs fom the saturted guid state 1 the fov-qualiy t9o- ae Fig.209 Components ea apr ‘compression refigaaon tem, vaporcamprsson reigerate rehigertioncapacy {on of higeraton I she Hid apo ate sate Tis exganson pally produces & “Stee eae sal snout f work compared tthe we putts com- ‘nese aor reson pce The work developed by anal tine Would Be Sar ot bce utines operating under Hee condos hae entops fica Assn the work eet of the tbe ne sully suf by substi a ingle noting vase forthe exason turbine wih eoesequent sings i inland mintenace costs The compen othe resingsete are stated in F103, where dry ecpesion is eon isopentane Stet @ ‘Analyzing Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Systems ‘porcanpessoe eigen ystems ae the most earmon weigeraton yen in se toy The objet ofthese i to iniodune some important fates of tens of thi aT state ow thy ste ade herd 10.2.1 Evaluating Principal Work and Heat Transfers Lets canter the sendy ate operation of the vaporcompresin stm iltated ing 103 Shown onthe gue ae th rinspal work and heal nse which ae pasve inthe diction ofthe arows.Kineue and potential energy changes are ‘elected i the following analyses of the component We bein wih te evaporator, vere the dese refigeation effets uhiered. > As tho eigean pases tough he evaporator beat aster fom the elgertod ‘sce reall inthe vapaizaton ofthe religerant Fora coat volume easing the rehigrnt sie ofthe evaporate, ths mass an energy rate balances race ve thereof eat aster pe uni sso eligeant Rowing as Benak, 3) ete his the miss Bow te ofthe reigernt The beat trae rate Qed {03s theegeraon capi. Ine Suit syste, the apcty noma expressed ‘nk The ngs nt ste, theretigertion capacity may be expres in Bh, ‘Avoer coninionly tod it fete reigeraton capac th on eign, thie equal to 200 Bus or abut 21 iin. Tho reigeran leving the evaporator i compressed oa celal igh pressure and temperature by the compressay Assumigg no eat uaser too frm the0.2 Anan VaporCompression Rehrgeaton Systems compreior he muss and ney te balance fora conto one ens the ‘Sompretsor ge er an vere Hii the ate of poner ap por uit mas of regan flowing eee ye pnt user trough th condense whee the eigen condenses ear eit sofer fom he rlsgetat 10 the cooler surroundings Fora an eeolume ealoun the rerigea sie ofthe condeser, the rale of heat ‘ete rom ttigernt pert mass o regent Dowing is > inal reigerant at sate 3 enters the exgason valve abd expands 0 the ‘Dapoator presae This prooss ws modeled a a von proces for wich heh as) “The cerita pesure dese in he eves aabate expansion, ond there a ascompanying near in space etopy. The refgerant exits the Male at sate 4a a begs uidmapor mite tn the vapovcompresion syste the net power input i egul fo the compressor power sage the expunsion ale eles no power input or opt. Using he gut sca expresions intogued bow, the coetcnt of pecormance ofthe vapor amresson eigen sata Fi. 103 abs _ a= ae yh au Provided states though 4 ar fixed, Eqs 10.3 through 107 ean be wsed to cvlune the prinipal work ang het Wranses andthe coeticien of erfnmance the apoccompresionssten shown in Fi, 103, Since these equations bave Mean setloped by reducing mas and energy ate balances, they app eau or eta perlonnance when ireversbives are preset inthe evaporator, compres ol and condenser and for Mekzed pttormanee in the absent of such effet ‘Athoughiveversble in he eraprator, compressor, an condenser can Rave ae Mfoneanod tet on overt erformanc, itis instrectv te consider an Wes Serle in which thoy ar atamed abst, Suck a eee establishes an wopee Tinton the pevformanc of he vapo-compresonreigration eee. I is considered next 10.2.2 ¢ Performance of deal Vapor-Compression Systems ‘Wineries within the evaporator and condense ae ignore here are eeetonal presure op an the regerant fos at coasantpese thug te we bet exchanger compresion ccs wibout eres ean ny et trae oth stounigs ab ignored te compres Sx os eto Wi thee ennieaons, he vparsompresion unin eee ase 1-20-4441 onthe Ts agra of i104 ress “The pel cont ofthe folovig series of proses Process I-25 Ixerople compression of the tigen from Sate tothe eondesex peste tale so