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
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF
١٥٣
 ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 
  J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ?   ? EF ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫؛‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 
  J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 WE‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 W‫ א‬-١
 K‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٥،٢٨ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE١F‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE٢F
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢‫א‬‫א‬W١‫א‬
 
-١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬ -٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١F‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٠  ٢٨
 ٢٥  ٥٢٨
 ١٣  ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬-١-٢
‫א‬E1‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 KE٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ -٢-٢
 K‫א‬  ‫א‬ ♦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬ J‫א‬ J‫א‬ J

 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Determination of Specific Weight for Coarse and Fine Aggregates
 W‫א‬‫א‬ -١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E
 ‫א‬F‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
‫א‬،١١٠–١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬º٢٥º١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KEF‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 W‫א‬-٣
‫و‬
   1
Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫ أ‬−‫ب‬
  2 ‫ و‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫ د‬−‫ج‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F‫א‬
‫ﺣﺪود اﻟﻮزن اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻲ اﻟﻈﺎهﺮي‬  ‫א‬
 ٢{٧٥–٢{٥٠  ‫א‬
 ٢{٧٥–٢{٥٠  ‫א‬
 ٢{٦٠–٢{٤٠  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢{٨٠–٢{٦٠  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢{٨٠–٢{٦٠  ‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 
 
 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Determination of Unit Weight of Aggregates
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ -١
‫א‬‫א‬KE ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬ -٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J
 
 W‫ א‬-٣
‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 KE٣F
٥٠١٦‫א‬ ♦
 K
K‫א‬ ♦
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٣F‫א‬
 EF‫א‬  EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٠  ٣٨{١
 ١٥  ٤{٧٥٣٨{١
-٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ٣  ٤{٧٥
 W‫א‬ -٤
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K O
 K O
K‫א‬ O
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ -٥
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K   ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫ א‬-١-٥
‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،٢٥‫א‬‫א‬K ٢٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٢٥ 
 W‫א‬‫ א‬-٢-٥
 ‫א‬K ‫א‬٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫ א‬-٦
  ‫ و‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
‫أ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬Z W
 ‫א‬‫א‬Z
-٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪١±‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٤F‫א‬
 E٣LF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ١٨٥٠–١٥٠٠  ‫א‬
 ١٨٠٠–١٦٠٠  ‫א‬
 ٢٠٠٠–١٧٠٠  EF‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠٠٠–١٥٠٠  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
-٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 
 
 
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Sieve Analysis of Aggregates
 W‫ א‬-١
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Sieve Analysis‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫ א‬-٢
 K‫א‬٪٠{١±‫א‬ ♦
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
،٠{١٥٠،٠{٣٠٠،٠{٦٠٠،١{١٨،٢{٣٦،٤{٧٥،٩{٥،١٢{٥،١٩،٢٥،٣٨{١،٥٠،٦٣،٧٥،٩٠
 K٠{٠٧٥
 K ♦
 
 W‫א‬ -٣
‫א‬‫א‬KE٥F ‫א‬  ♦
K٤{٧٥‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٥F‫א‬
(‫اﻟﻮزن )آﺠﻢ‬  ‫א‬
 ٣٠  ٦٣‫א‬
 ١٥  ٤٠‫א‬
-٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ١٠  ٢٠‫א‬
 ٥  ١٠‫א‬
 ١  ٤‫א‬
 ٠{٥  
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
KEº٥±º١٠٥F‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 W‫א‬ -٤
KE ،
 ، F‫א‬ ‫א‬ ♦
‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 ‫ א‬-٥
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠٠× ‫ ب‬Z      
‫أ‬
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬Z  
 K‫א‬‫א‬Z  
 K‫א‬‫א‬Z  
-٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٠{١٠{٠٧٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 –١٠٠Z
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ZW
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬E٤F‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
(%) ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺎر ﺑ ﺎﻟﻮزن‬
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 0.075 0.15 0.3 0.6 1.18 2.36 4.75
(‫ﻓﺘﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻞ )ﻣﻢ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣‫א‬
 
- ١٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
(%) ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺎر ﺑ ﺎﻟﻮزن‬
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2.36 4.75 9.5 19 38.1
(‫ﻓﺘﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻞ )ﻣﻢ‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Determination of Organic Impurities in sand
 W‫ א‬-١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫ א‬-٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٣٥٠‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 KE٪٣F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬٦٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
E١{٨٤‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬٣١٠٠٠{٢٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ١١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬ -٣
K‫א‬‫א‬E٥٠٠‫א‬F‫א‬ ♦
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K٣١٣٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
K٣ ٢٠٠‫א‬
 K٢٤
‫א‬٣٧٥‫א‬٢٤ ♦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫ א‬-٤
‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ١٢ -
–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ -١
،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫ א‬-٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬BLAINE??
 WE٥‫א‬‫א‬F
 
 ‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬W٥‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٩‫א‬ ♦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE
 F
‫א‬E٣٥٠–٢٥٠F‫א‬‫א‬K 
 K،،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١±١٢{٧F
 K ♦
- ١٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
K ♦
 ‫א‬ -٣
،٣ ١٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠‫א‬
K ‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٠{٠٠٥±٠{٥٣٠ZF،‫א‬‫א‬E٠{٠٠٥±٠{٥٠٠ZF
W‫א‬‫א‬
 E–١F×CZ
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬Z
 K٣L‫א‬Z
 ‫א‬‫א‬٣L٣{١٥Z
 K‫א‬٣L٣{١Z
 K‫א‬Z
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣

 ‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
E ٢{٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧
 W‫א‬٣٠{٠٠٥‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬E٨
−1 ‫و‬
 E٣F 2 ‫و‬ Z
‫ز‬ ‫ث‬
 W
 KE٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣LF‫א‬Z
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٦F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫ل‬
 EµPa.sF  E٣LF  EF
 ٤{٢٣  17.88  ١٣{٥٦  ١٦
 ٤{٢٤  ١٧{٩٨  ١٣{٥٥  ١٨
 18.08
 ٤{٢٥  ١٣{٥٥  ٢٠
 18.18
 ٤{٢٦  18.28  ١٣{٥٤  ٢٢
 ٤{٢٨  18.37  ١٣{٥٤  ٢٤
 18.47
 ٤{٢٩  ١٣{٥٣  ٢٦
 18.57
 ٤{٣٠  18.67  ١٣{٥٣  ٢٨
 ٤{٣١  18.76  ١٣{٥٢  ٣٠
 ٤{٣٢  ١٣{٥٢  ٣٢
 ٤{٣٣  ١٣{٥١  ٣٤
- ١٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٣٠{٠٠٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،EF‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬ -٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٠{٠٠٥‫א‬‫א‬E٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
  ‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬E٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
 
 W‫ א‬-٥
 W‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
 EL٢F ‫ن‬ CZ
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z
- ١٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z
 KEF‫א‬EF
 
 WEF‫א‬ -٦
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬ -
 W‫א‬ -١-٦
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬E١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ -٢-٦
،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫ א‬-٣-٦
 W‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
‫ل‬
× (1 ‫ م‬− 1) C
3
  1
C ‫م‬ ‫ن‬
× 1‫ث‬ C١Z
‫ل‬ 3
1 ‫م‬ ( ‫ م‬− 1) 1‫ن‬ ‫ث‬
 W
 KL٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z 
 KL٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z ١
 K٣L‫א‬‫א‬Z ١
 K٣L‫א‬‫א‬Z 
 KEF‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬Z 
- ١٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬Z ١
 KE٠{٠٠٥±٠{٥٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬Z ١
 K‫א‬Z 
 KEFKL‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z ١
 KEFKL
  ‫ن‬ CZW‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ZW  
‫ل‬
× (1 ‫ م‬− 1) ×
3
  1
× ‫م‬ 1
× 1‫ ث‬×١Z
‫ل‬ 3
1 ‫م‬ ( ‫ م‬− 1) 1 ‫ن‬ ‫ث‬
  -٧
 K٢٤Z‫א‬٣١{٩Z 25.72 Z 2 ‫ و‬−1 ‫ و‬ZZ‫א‬E١
13.54 ‫ز‬ ‫ث‬
 K٣ZE٠{٥ J١F× 1.9 ×٣{١٥ZE–١F×CZ‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 K٠{٥Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
‫א‬KE١ZF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١ZF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١ZF°٣±
‫ن‬
  ×١Z
1‫ن‬
‫א‬‫א‬FL٢ ٢٨٤٠Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٤
 KE‫א‬
٣٤{٢Z١‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٥
K٣٣Z،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٦
 W‫א‬‫א‬ E٧
33
 L٢٢٧٩٠Z ×٢٨٤٠Z
34.2
 
- ١٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Determination of Volumetric (Unit) Weight of Cement
 
 W‫א‬‫ א‬-١
EF‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫ א‬-٢
  J
  J
 ٢ J
 ١ J
  J
 
 ‫א‬ -٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢E١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 KEF??‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 ٣LL ‫ و‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
‫ح‬
 ‫א‬WW
 ١Z‫א‬W
 K٣L١١٠٠١٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
- ١٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Determination of Specific Weight of Cement
 
 W‫א‬‫ א‬-١
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٣{١٥‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫ א‬-٢
  J
 ‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬ J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
 KEF‫א‬E١
،‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 E١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
 
 W‫ א‬-٤
‫و‬
  Z‫א‬‫א‬
1 ‫ ح‬− 2‫ح‬
 
 
 
 
 
- ٢٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫ א‬-١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫ א‬-٢
 W -١-٢
 E٦F‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬ ♦
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١±٣٠٠F
 
 KW٦‫א‬
 KE١±٥٠FE٠{٠٥±١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ O
،E٠{٠٥±١{١٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ O
 KE١±٥٠F٢١،E٠{٠٥±١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ O
‫א‬‫א‬E٢±٣٠F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K E٠{١±٠{٥F‫א‬
 KE٠{٥±٤٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
K ♦
K‫א‬ ♦
- ٢١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٧‫א‬
 
 W-٢-٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٨‫א‬
 
 KE٧F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
- ٢٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE٧F‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 ELF  ELF
 ٥±٦٢  ٥±١٤٠  
 ١٠±١٢٥  ١٠±٢٨٥  
 W‫א‬ -٣
‫א‬‫א‬،Eº٢±٢٣ºF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K  ‫א‬‫א‬٪٥٠
 W‫א‬‫א‬-١-٣
F‫א‬٤٠٠‫א‬
E٠{٢٥± ٤F‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬٪٢٧‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬-٢-٣
، ‫א‬‫א‬E٦٥٠–٥٠٠F‫א‬E١
E
 ‫א‬‫א‬٪٢٧‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
٣٠‫א‬،٣٠‫א‬‫א‬،٣٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬E٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
‫א‬E٧–٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬ -٤
 ٢٩Z‫א‬‫א‬٪٢٤Z‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬E١
 ١٢Z‫א‬‫א‬٪٢٦Z‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 ٣Z‫א‬‫א‬٪٢٨Z‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬E٣
‫א‬،٧٥‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E٩‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٦Z‫א‬٪٢٧Z‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
40
(‫ﻗﺮاءة اﻟﻤﺆﺷﺮ )ﻣﻢ‬
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
(%) ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻲ اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٩‫א‬ 
 
 
- ٢٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫ א‬-١
 KE٦F‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K K٢
 
 W‫א‬ -٢
،‫א‬‫א‬E٦٥٠-٥٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٠٠E١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬E٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬K
٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣٠ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
١٠‫א‬‫א‬E٤
٥‫א‬،٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
٥‫א‬،‫א‬
 K
 
 
- ٢٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ٢٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫ א‬-١
٢{٠،١{٦،١{٠٠،٠{٥٠،٠{١٦،٠{٠٨‫א‬-١-١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬-٢-١
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬-٣-١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
 KE٠{٤±١٦٠F‫א‬
 KE٠{١±٤٠F‫א‬
 KE٠{١±٤٠F‫א‬
 K٠{٠١±‫א‬‫א‬١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E٠{٥±٩٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬-٤-١
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٩٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
٥٠F ‫א‬٣٠٠٠،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٠{١±٧٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬-٥-١
،١٠٠١٠‫א‬‫א‬
١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٦٠٠‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٪٢٦٠٠٠
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ٢٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬-٦-١
‫א‬Vickers٦٠٠‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠‫א‬Tungsten Carbide‫א‬
K ٠{١±‫א‬‫א‬٤٠،E٠{١±٤٠F
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪١{٥‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،٢٥١٥‫א‬،٥٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫ א‬-٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K٠{٥٠{٠٨W   
 K١{٠٠{٥W   
 K٢{٠١{٠W   
E٨F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
- ٢٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٨F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  EF‫א‬
 ٢±  ٩٨  ٠{٠٨
 ٥±  ٨٧  ٠{١٦
 ٥±  ٦٧  ٠{٥٠
 ٥±  ٣٣  ١{٠٠
 ٥±  ٩  ١{٦٠
  J    ٢{٠٠
 W‫א‬ -٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 ٠{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 ٤٥٠ W
 ١٣٥٠W
 ٢٢٥  W
 
 W‫ א‬-٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٣٠‫א‬،٣٠‫א‬
‫א‬،٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢±٢٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٦٥‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ٢٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫ א‬-٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K٣W١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
٦٠ ‫א‬‫א‬ E٣٢٠‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،٦٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،
 
 
 
 W‫א‬ -٦
‫א‬‫א‬٪٩٠‫א‬،Eº٢±٢٣ºF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،٢٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 Eº٢±٢٣ºF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ -٧
‫א‬E١L٢±١٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬
L E١±٥FLE١٠±٥٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
  ‫ل‬3 ‫ح‬
×١{٥Z ‫ع‬3 6 Z
‫ب‬ ‫ب‬
- ٣٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W
 KE٤٠F‫א‬Z
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z
 KE١٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬Z
 KE١٠ZF×٢{٥Z ‫ل‬ ‫ح‬
Z‫א‬Z  
4
 W‫א‬،
 C٠{٢٣٤Z
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ -٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ٤٠C٤٠‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬١٠‫א‬‫א‬L٢L٢١‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
E٢LF ‫ ح‬Z
‫م‬
 E٣F‫א‬ZW
 E٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z
 
 W‫א‬ -٩
 WE٩F‫א‬‫א‬K٢٨٧،٣‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٩F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   

      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬
 ‫ א‬‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬E٣LF EF E‫א‬F
‫ א‬E٢LF EF ‫ א‬E٢LF  EF  
                 ١ ٣
- ٣١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
             ٢
             ٣
                 ٤ ٧
             ٥
             ٦
                 ٧ ٢٨
             ٨
             ٩
- ٣٢ -
–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬ :1
 W‫א‬-١-١
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K 
 W‫א‬-٢-١
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬-٣-١
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
WETCV (Total Chlorides Value‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١‫א‬KE١F
‫א‬Kº١٠٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢F‫א‬،E٢٤‫א‬F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ELF١LE١–٢F
 
 WpH ValueE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KpH-paper‫א‬‫א‬Indicator Paper‫א‬‫א‬‫♦ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،pH-meter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫♦ א‬
 
 
 
- ٣٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 KEpH 9F٩‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EpH 4F٤‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬Cell‫א‬
- ٣٣ -
–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬-١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫♦ א‬
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ ♦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
KE١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬-٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬-٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٠F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٠F‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ١٥–١٠  E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
   ١٥٠C١٥٠C١٥٠
 K٣٠٠‫א‬١٥٠‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٠–٣٠ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K٧٥٠C١٥٠C١٥٠EF‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬-١-٤
 K٣٠{٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬،٣٠{٥‫א‬‫א‬ •
،‫א‬‫א‬١٥
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬
- ٣٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬-٢-٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W-٣-٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬-٥
٪٠{١E ،،،F‫א‬ ♦
 K
‫א‬‫א‬Eº٢±º٢٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K٪٥٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٣٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 Slump Test‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬-١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢
،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١{٦‫א‬E١٠F
 K٣٠٠Z‫א‬‫א‬،١٠٠Z‫א‬،٢٠٠Z‫א‬W
٦٠٠١٦‫א‬ 
 K
 
 W‫א‬-٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬٢٥
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ♦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬
- ٣٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬W١٠‫א‬
 
 
 Flow Test‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W-١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬-٢
 K١٢{٥‫א‬١٧‫א‬٢٥‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K١{٢٥٧٥‫א‬ J
 
- ٣٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬-٣
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K٢٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬١٥١٥‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ١٠٠× 25 − ‫ ق‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
25
 EF‫א‬W
 KE‫א‬‫א‬E٦F‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 Compacting Factor Test‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬-١
‫א‬KE٠{٩٨FE٠{٧٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢
‫א‬WE١١‫א‬F  ‫א‬ ♦
، ‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
- ٣٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬W١١‫א‬
  ♦
 K٠{٨‫א‬W‫♦ א‬
W‫א‬W ♦
 K٠{١٦‫א‬٥C١٢٠C١٢٠ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ ♦
 K٦٠W‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬١٠٢٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫♦ א‬
٣٨١{٨W‫א‬ ♦
K٢٥C٢٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 
- ٣٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬-٣
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬-٤
‫א‬K
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
١٥٠‫א‬‫א‬١٠‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E٦
 K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E٧
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠‫א‬‫א‬E١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٤٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬٣٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬-٥
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫م‬
  1
Z‫א‬
2‫م‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬ Z١W

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Z٢
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٤١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬-١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬-٢
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-١-٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٥٠‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K٤٠‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٠‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬-٢-٢
‫א‬‫א‬٪١٠‫א‬‫א‬  ♦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٣٠{٠٠٧‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬١L٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬-٣-٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٣٠–١٩‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
١٠٠٢٥١٥٠٣٥
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 W‫א‬-٤-٢
Eº٢±٢٧ºF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٤٪٩٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،٨±٢٤‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
٢٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
- ٤٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ١٥‫א‬‫א‬Eº٢±٢٧ºF‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫♦ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 W‫א‬
 K٤٢٤‫א‬±
 K ٦٠٤‫א‬٨±
 K ٦٠‫א‬٢٤±
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٠٠C١٥٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬-١-٣
٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F٣٠٥CEF١٥٢‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢-٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
 K٪١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K٪٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K٪٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 KE١L٢F
 K‫א‬٪١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٣-٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 KE‫א‬٦٠٠١٦
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٤-٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
 K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١١٥ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٩٣٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٧٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K٦٠ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬-٥-٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬-٦-٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬-٧-٣
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬-١
 W‫א‬‫א‬-١-١
 W‫א‬
٪١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٪١±  ‫א‬ ♦
 K
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
١٠٠٠{٠٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،٠{٥‫א‬‫א‬-٢-١
 K٥ ±‫א‬-٣-١
 
 W‫א‬-٢

 ‫א‬،E ‫א‬١٨F‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K
  ‫א‬ E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٤٢٤‫א‬±
 K ٦٠٤‫א‬±
 K ٦٠‫א‬‫א‬±
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٤‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K±
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 KEº٠{٥±º٩٠FW‫א‬‫א‬
- ٤٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠٠٠{٥W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 
 W‫א‬-٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٠{٣٤ J٠{١٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EL٢L
K‫א‬L١{٣‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬-٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠٠C ‫ و‬Z
‫ج‬
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬Z
 KE٣F‫א‬Z
W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ E١
‫ح‬
Z
‫م‬
- ٤٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z
٪١±‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
K‫א‬‫א‬٠{٥
 
 W‫א‬-٥
 WE١١F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١١F‫א‬

‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳ ﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣ ﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻤ ﻞ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ﻢ‬ ‫رﻗ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺎهﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻨ ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
(٢‫ﻣﻢ‬/‫)ن‬ (٢‫ﻣﻢ‬/‫)ن‬ (‫)ن‬ (٣‫ﺳﻢ‬/‫)ﺟﻢ‬ (‫)ﺟﻢ‬
١ ‫ أﻳﺎم‬٣
٢
٣
٤ ‫ أﻳﺎم‬٧
٥
٦
٧ ‫ ﻳﻮم‬٢٨
٨
٩
 W-٦
C١٥٠‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ ٢٨١٥٠×١٥٠
 ٥٤٠Z‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٩٠Z‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٦٠Z‫א‬‫א‬
- ٤٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫؟‬٢٨‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
 ٢٢٢٥٠٠Z١٥٠×١٥٠Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢L٢٤Z 540000 Z‫א‬‫א‬
22500
 ٢L٢٦{٢٢Z 590000 Z‫א‬‫א‬
22500
560000
 ٢L٢٤{٨٨Z Z‫א‬‫א‬
22500
 ٢L٢٥Z 24 + 26.22 + 24.88 Z‫א‬
3
 ‫א‬
 Schmidt Hammer Test
 W‫א‬‫א‬-١
‫א‬‫א‬Rebound Number‫א‬‫א‬
KNon-Destructive Tests‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢
 K J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Carbondium‫א‬ J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬-٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Plunger‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٤٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬R‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W max = W m + ∆W‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 W min = W m - ∆W‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٤
 K١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F  ، ‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬٪٣٠‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬٢٢٠٠‫א‬‫א‬١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
٢٠‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KK‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Kα = 0‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
  
- ٥٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١٢F‫א‬
α‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٠  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ±45  ‫א‬‫א‬
 H90  E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
  J90  E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 α = 0α = J90
 α =H90
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٢‫א‬
 
 
- ٥١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 K‫א‬ERF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٣‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬-٥
 WE١٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٣F‫א‬
... ٥ ٤ ٣ ٢ ١  ‫א‬
 EαF‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢LF‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢LF∆‫א‬
 E٢LFW max‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢LFW min‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
- ٥٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
Ultrasonic Pulse Method
 W-١
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬W١٤‫א‬
 
 
 
 
- ٥٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬-٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 path length‫א‬‫א‬ELF‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F
 ‫א‬‫א‬Receiver‫א‬Transmitter‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬Glycerin‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ETF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
WEVF‫א‬
 V = L / T (Km/sec)
 L = Length‫א‬‫א‬
 T = Transit Time‫א‬‫א‬
،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬٪٢٠±‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬
- ٥٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
(٢‫ﻣﻢ‬/‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ )ن‬
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
3.8 3.9 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8
(‫ث‬/‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت )آﻢ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٥‫א‬
 
 WTransducers Arrangement‫א‬‫א‬-٣
 WE١٦F‫א‬‫א‬
 KDirect TransmissionEF‫א‬
 KSemi – Direct TransmissionEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KIndirect TransmissionEF‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٧F‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٦‫א‬
  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٧‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٤
 ‫א‬ ♦
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ♦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬ ♦
- ٥٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
٪٥٠‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ♦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٤٠٢٠‫א‬‫א‬١٥٠١٠٠
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ♦
 K٧‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ♦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KEL٥{٩‫א‬‫א‬F
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 W‫א‬-٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬-١-٥
‫א‬، ‫א‬EVF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٢{٥–١{٥‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٪٩٦‫א‬KCore sample‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ٥٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢-٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٪١٥±‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬-٣-٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 t = ( T V c – L)
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬Zt
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ZVc
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ZT
 K‫א‬‫א‬ZL
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬-٤-٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١٨‫א‬F
 
- ٥٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
50000
(٢‫ﻣﻢ‬/‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ )ن‬
40000
30000
20000
10000
‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬0

‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ اﻻﺳ ﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬ 3.6 3.8 4 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.8 5
(‫ث‬/‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت )آﻢ‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٨‫א‬
 
 
Core Test‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W-١
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬-٢
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
٣٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬
Cover meter ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬-٣
KDiamond Bits‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ High Alumina Cement
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١٠‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢١‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬-٤
K‫א‬٢L١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٥
 K٪١٥١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬،٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
WE١٤F‫א‬
 
 
- ٦٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٤F‫א‬
 ‫א‬  λ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١{٠  ٢{٠
 ٠{٩٨  ١{٧٥
 ٠{٩٦  ١{٥
 ٠{٩٣  ١{٢٥
 ٠{٨٧  ١{٠
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ •
K٪٨‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
W‫א‬‫א‬E
  Fλ T
Z‫א‬‫א‬
1
1 .5 +
λ
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢{٥ZT
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢{٣ZT
 λZL‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ZFλ
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬
 xE φ R H F١{٥H١z×‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
φC L
 ‫א‬Z φRW
 ‫א‬ZφC
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ZH
 UncappedEF‫א‬‫א‬ZL
W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ •
 Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٦١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
Σφ R H
 xE F١{٥H١z×‫א‬‫א‬
φC L
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬٪١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Potential‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
W‫א‬‫א‬
W ‫א‬‫א‬
3.25 Fλ
Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1
1.5 +
λ
W‫א‬‫א‬
  3.00 Fλ Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1
1.5 +
λ
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
Loading Test‫א‬
 
 W-١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬-٢
‫א‬،‫א‬ ٢٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬-١-٢
- ٦٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬Scaffolding
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬-٢-٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬١{٢٥H‫א‬‫א‬ •
E‫א‬‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬F١{١٢٥ •
 K٢٤‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬-٣-٢
EDial gauge‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Hand Held Illuminated  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEOptical Microscope
‫א‬Deflections‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬E 1 F
4
 W‫א‬‫א‬Cracks‫א‬
 EFF1‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ •
EFF2‫א‬‫א‬W٢٤ •
EFF3‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ •
EFF4W‫א‬٢٤ •
2
  40 L >F2W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
H
 K‫א‬‫א‬H،‫א‬‫א‬L
- ٦٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
٢٤EF2F‫א‬‫א‬٪٧٥‫א‬،
F2 − F3
 K ×١٠٠>٧٥٪W،‫א‬
F2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
- ٦٤ -
–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬-١
 K‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬-٢
 W‫א‬ K
 K ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
  W‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬-٣
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬-٤
 WE١٥F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
- ٦٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE١٥F‫א‬
 EF‫א‬  EF‫א‬  EF‫א‬  
   ٢  ١    ٢  ١    ٢  ١

 ١
 ٢
 ٣
 ٤
 ٥

 ‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬-١
 KG
 K٠{٠١‫א‬G
 
 W‫א‬-٢
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬K
 
 W‫א‬-٣
K٢٤º١٠٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬٪١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K،‫א‬،E١±٢٤FEº٢±º٢٣F
- ٦٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 W‫א‬-٤
 W٪٠{١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
−‫ب‬
 ١٠٠C ‫أ‬ Z‫א‬‫א‬
‫أ‬
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬-١
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬-٢
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٥‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٢ L٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١٥‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢L
 
 W‫א‬-٣
 W‫א‬
- ٦٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 E٢LF ‫ ح‬Z‫א‬
‫س‬
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z  
 K٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬-١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬-٢
 KG
 K٠{٠١‫א‬G
 
 W‫א‬-٣
٢٤Eº١١٥–º١١٠F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٪١٢٤‫א‬
- ٦٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ •
١٩١٦‫א‬‫א‬ 
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬-٤
 W٪٠{١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
−‫ب‬
 ١٠٠C ‫أ‬ Z‫א‬‫א‬
‫أ‬
 W
 Kº١١٥º١١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z
 K‫א‬Z
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬-١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-١-١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢-١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬٢٤
- ٦٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
٧٥‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٤
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٨–٤‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٤‫א‬‫א‬،
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢ L٢٨‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢L٤٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬-٣-١
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫ א‬K
E
 F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ K

٢{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ٦٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬-٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  
 K 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬-٣
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬٢L٣٠‫א‬
‫א‬٢L١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬-٤
 W‫א‬
  ‫ ح‬Z
‫س‬
 W
 K٢L‫א‬Z 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z 
 K٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٧٠ -
–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬-١
٠{٢١١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٠{٠٨٩
 
 W‫א‬-٢
 Kº١٥٠‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬G
 K٠{٠٨٩‫א‬٠{٢١١‫א‬G
 
 W‫א‬-٣
 ‫א‬٠{٢١١‫א‬‫א‬١٠٠
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٠{٠٨٩

 ‫א‬‫א‬،٣٠‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬º٥±º١٠٠‫א‬K‫א‬
 K
 
 W‫א‬-٤
 ١٠٠× ‫ أ‬Z٠{٢١١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫و‬
 ١٠٠× ‫ب‬ Z٠{٠٨٩‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫و‬
 ‫א‬ZW
 ٠{٢١١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z 
 ٠{٠٨٩‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z 
- ٧١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W-١
 ٣W١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣±١٨٥F‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬-٢
 W‫א‬-١-٢
 Eº٢±º٢٠F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٥٠
 K٪٩‫א‬Eº١±٢٠ºF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢-٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬-٣-٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬  ‫א‬ ♦
 W‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K٠{٥٠{٠٨W O
 K١{٠٠{٥W O
 K٢{٠١{٠W O
E١٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
- ٧٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE١٦F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  E،‫א‬F
   ٢
 ٥±٧  ١{٦
 ٥±٣٣  ١{٠٠
 ٥±٦٧  ٠{٥٠
 ٥±٨٧  ٠{١٦
 ١±٩٩  ٠{٠٨
 W‫א‬-٤-٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬-٥-٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K٠{٥Z‫א‬L‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 KE٢±٤٥٠F‫ א‬-
 KE٥±١٣٥٠F‫א‬‫ א‬-
KE١±٢٢٥F‫ א‬-
 W‫א‬‫א‬-٦-٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬
‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٧F -
- ٧٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬WE١٧F‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 ELF  ELF
 ٥±٦٢  ٥±١٤٠  
 ١٠±١٢٥  ١٠±٢٨٥  
 W‫א‬-٧-٢
‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ٣٠‫א‬K٣٠
 ‫א‬،٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬،‫א‬١٥‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬-١
 KE١٩F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
KG
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬-٢
 K‫א‬
 
 WE٣±١٨٥F‫א‬‫א‬-٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ •
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
- ٧٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬١٥–١٠،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٤
 KE٢٠F‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬-١-٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬-٢-٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦
 
 
 
 
- ٧٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
  
 
  J٧     J١  
  J٨     J٢  
  J٩     J٣  
  J١٠     J٤  
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J١١     J٥  
 ‫א‬ J١٢    J٦  
     
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٩‫א‬
 
 
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬ J٥  ‫א‬  J١
E٢F‫א‬ J٦     J٢
‫א‬ J٧     J٣
 EF J٨  ‫א‬‫ א‬ J٤
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢٠‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
١٠٠K‫א‬º٤٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،١٥٠{١٥١{٢٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ٧٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W-١
‫א‬١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
± ٣٠‫א‬??‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬-٢
 WE٢١F‫א‬?‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
 K •
 K‫א‬‫א‬٦{٣ •
 K٤٤{٤١٩‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬-٣
٤‫א‬،‫א‬ •
 K٧‫א‬٦‫א‬
‫א‬١٠‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
- ٧٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W-١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٣‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬-٢
،٥،E٢١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٣٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،١
 K١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬-٣
E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٠٠
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬W٢١‫א‬
- ٧٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬-١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
Kº٢٥º٢٠‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٧٠٠ •
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬،٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٦٠×٤٠×٤٠
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K٪٥٠º٣٠º٢٥
 
 W‫א‬-٢
K‫א‬‫א‬٧،٢٤‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٠{٥±١٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬
EF ‫א‬LE١٠±٥٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫ل‬3 ‫ح‬
C١{٥Z
‫ب‬
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z
 KE١٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬Z
 KE٤٠F‫א‬Z
 
- ٨٠ -
–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
The Tensile Strength Testing of the Steel
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬-١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬W
   ♦
‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬ ♦
K‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬-٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ O
 K٪١١L٢‫א‬‫א‬ O
 K‫א‬‫א‬ O
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ O
 K 
- ٨١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬Z‫א‬
 E٢LF‫א‬LZ‫א‬
WE٢٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬W٢٢‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
K   ‫א‬
 ‫א‬W‫א‬ O
      ‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬ O
 K‫א‬
- ٨٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬ O
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫♦ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬º٢٥٠W‫א‬‫♦ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫♦ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ ♦
 
- ٨٣ -
–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬-١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬-٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬-٣
‫א‬Eº٢±º١٠٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 W‫א‬-٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
− 1‫و‬
٪١٠٠× 2 ‫و‬ Z‫א‬
2 ‫و‬
 KEF‫א‬،‫א‬W١
KEF‫א‬W٢
- ٨٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬-١
٢٠٠C٥٠C٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٠٠C٢٥C٢٥
 W‫א‬‫א‬-٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ 
 
 W‫א‬-٣
‫א‬ELF٠{٠٠٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KL
 
 W‫א‬-‫א‬-٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬٥٠،‫א‬١٥٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K٠{٠٠٢‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬E  ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٨٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٦
KE٢٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K  E‫א‬F
 
           
 ‫א‬WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬٤٥
ْ ‫א‬
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
- ٨٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢٣‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬-١
 ،١٥٠C٥٠C٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬-٢
‫א‬ ،٥٠‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬-٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬-٤
- ٨٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
٠{٣٠٥‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KL
 
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬ J‫א‬-٥
،٢{٥‫א‬E‫א‬–‫א‬F
 K٠{٠٠٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬-٦
 ٢٥‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬-١
KE٢٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬-٢
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬٥٠‫א‬‫א‬
K٠{٠٠٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬-٣
 KL١‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬-٤
 KE٢٥‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 
- ٨٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
W٢٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬-٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٧٦،‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬-١
KE٤١٠×٢٥×٢٥FE٧٦٠×٥٠×٥٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬-٢
٧٦٠‫א‬٧١٠‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬G
GK%١٤‫א‬‫א‬٤١٠‫א‬٣٦٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬G
 K
- ٨٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
WE‫א‬F‫א‬-٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٧٦٠×٥٠×٥٠‫א‬G
KE٢٦F‫א‬
٣٨Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٤١٠×٢٥×٢٥‫א‬G
 K٥٠
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢٦‫א‬
W‫א‬-٤
‫א‬L٢{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٤١٠×٢٥×٢٥‫א‬L١{٣٧٦٠×٥٠×٥٠
WE‫א‬‫א‬F-٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬FG
١٥٠‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،٧٦٠‫א‬٨٩٠‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٧٦‫א‬‫א‬٤١٠
K٢٢٠‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬
K٠{٠٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
٢٥EDial gaugeF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
٠{٢‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
GK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٢{٥
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٦
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬??‫א‬K‫א‬KE٢٧
 K‫א‬??‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬-٧
 ٢٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 

 
- ٩١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 
 
 EF‫א‬
 
 EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢٧‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬-١
٦٣×٥٠×٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،٥٠×٥٠‫א‬E٢٨F 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢٨‫א‬    
- ٩٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬-٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬-٣
KL٠{٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬-٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬-٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩٣ -
 ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
  J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬W١٩٨١L٢٢٦  J١
‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٩٨١L٢٤٩  J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٩٨١L٢٥٠  J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢٠٠٢L٢١١٨  J٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٩٧٩L١٤٢  J٥
‫א‬‫א‬W١٩٨٣L٣٩١  J٦
‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٩٨٣L٣٧٩  J٧
‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٩٩٤L٥٠٥  J٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٩٩٤L٥٠٧  J٩
‫א‬‫א‬W١٩٩٨L٩٣٩  J١٠
‫א‬‫א‬W١٩٩٨L٩٤٠  J١١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٩٨٠L١٨٤  J١٢
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٩٧٧L٨٧  J١٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٩٩٩L٩٨٢  J١٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٩٩٩L٩٨٣  J١٥
‫א‬‫א‬W١٩٧٩L١٠٧  J١٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬W١٩٩٨L١٤٢٤  J١٧
K‫א‬
 
 
 ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
  J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬          
 ٢           
 ٣           
 
 ٤        ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥       ‫א‬  J١
٧     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢
٩   E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
١٢   E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٤
 ١٥     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٥
 
 ١٧        ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٨        ‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
٢٤      ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢
٢٥      ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
٢٦     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٤
٣٠    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٥
٣٢       ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٦
 
 ٣٧        ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٨        ‫א‬  J١
٣٨        ‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
٣٨        pH ‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
 
 ٤٠        ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤١      ‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
  J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
٤٣         ‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢

٤٤         ‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣
٤٥        ‫א‬‫ א‬ J٤
٤٩     ‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
٥٢      ‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
٥٦        ‫ א‬ J٧
٦٠        ‫א‬‫ א‬ J٨
٦٦       ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٩
٦٩         ‫א‬ J١٠
 
 ٧١        ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧٢     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 ٧٢        ‫א‬ J١{١
 ٧٣        ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢{١
 ٧٤        ‫א‬ J٣{١
 ٧٥     E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 ٧٥        ‫א‬ J١{٢
 ٧٥        ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢{٢
 ٧٦        ‫א‬ J٣{٢
 
 ٧٩       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٨٠         ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J١
 ٨٠       ‫א‬‫א‬ J١{١
 ٨١   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢{١
 ٨٣       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣{١
٨٦         ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢
 ٨٦        ‫א‬‫א‬ J١{٢
 ١٥٣  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
  J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ٨٧     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢{٢

 ٨٨        ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣{٢
 ٨٩      ‫א‬‫א‬ J٤{٢
 
 ٩٠       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٩١       ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٩٤       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٩٥        ‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 ٩٥       ‫א‬ J١{١
 ٩٦      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢{١
٩٨ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣{١
 ٩٩     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤{١
١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥{١
 ١٠٣     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦{١
 
 ١٠٥           ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠٦           ‫א‬
 

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

 K‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬ J‫א‬ J‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   

WETCV (Total Chlorides Value‫א‬‫א‬ J٢

 K ‫א‬‫א‬ Z١W

(‫ث‬/‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت )آﻢ‬

‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬0

 EF‫א‬  EF‫א‬  EF‫א‬  

   ٢  ١    ٢  ١    ٢  ١

٤٣         ‫א‬‫ א‬ J٢

 ٨٧     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢{٢

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