" ":

medicinal and aromatic plants

)(MAP
, ,
, ,

 :55,000

:
~3000
400,000

80-


)(SCHIPPMANN et al. 2006
(LANGE and SCHIPPMANN

 ,


" :
15,000 21% ,

)(SCHIPPMANN et al. 2006

,


,


) (50,000 ,
.

-
!

2007
International Standard for
ustainable Wild Collection of
Medicinal and Aromatic
Plants (ISSC-MAP)
Medicinal Plant Specialist Group
Species Survival Commission IUCN
The World Conservation Union

 :IFOAM

 :
...

MAP

MAP

 " -
.1

.2
.3
.4
.5
.6

,



ISSC-MAP Version 1.0 5

ISSC-MAP Principles and Criteria

Principle 1. Maintaining Wild MAP
Resources

' :1
" ,
.

Principle 2. Preventing Negative

Environmental Impacts
' :2
" ,
.

Principle 3. Complying with Laws,

Regulations, and Agreements
' :3
, ,
.

Principle 4. Respecting Customary Rights

' :4
".
.

:
*

*
*

 ...



Threat category (%)

Vulnerable (VU)
Endangered (EN)
Critically Endangered (CR)

Source: BELTRAN TEJERA (1999).

Number of plant species

68 %
32 %

172
81

100 %

253

59
12
10



Anagyris latifolia
380-390 individuals
Isoplexis chalcantha
~ 400 individuals
Micromeria glomerata
~ 500 individuals
Micromeria rivas-martinezii
800-1000 individuals
Ruta microcarpa
270 individuals
Sambucus palmensis
140 individuals & some reintroduced
Scrophularia calliantha
300 individuals
Sideritis discolor
~100 individuals
Solanum lidii
~ 90 individuals
Solanum vespertilio
230 individuals
LAUREL FORESTS badly affected
Source: Atlas y libro rojo de la flora amenazada de Espaa (2004)

Equisetum bogotense
, ) (

Equisetum bogotense

:
)(AGUILAR et al. 2005

,
.
) , 30-"
( ,

,
,

Equisetum bogotense
()

1"
,


" :
> 20,000/ )?(

Export figures for the 11 most exported medicinal and aromatic plant species
from Bulgaria. The figures shown indicate export quantities declared for
export with certificate. Source: Ministry of Environment and Water.
Medicinal plant species Drug Volume (tonnes)
1996 1997 1998 2001 Average declared export % of average total

1 Mentha piperita folia

2743
2 Hypericum perforatum herba
4285
3 Rosa canina fructus
1700
4 Coryandrum sativum semen
1550
5 Tilia sp. flos
1450
6 Prunus spinosa fructus
1086
7 Aesculus hippocastanum semen
1080
8 Sambucus ebulus fructus
963
9 Urtica dioica folia
925
10 Crataegus monogyna flos
778
11 Silybum marianum semen
663
Total of top 11
17220
Total declared export
26250

10.4
16.3
6.5
5.9
5.5
4.1
4.1
3.7
3.5
3.0
2.5
65.6
100.0

The Medicinal Plants Act (2000)

-
. ,
:
Group I Protected by the Biodiversity Protection Act (total

protection)

Group II Under special regime of protection and use (including prohibition

for commercial use in the national parks)
Group III With good exploitation resources (controlled use)
Group IV species with dense populations but limited
distribution and Resources
Group V species scarcely spread, with single populations with
small areas and limited resources (= with no economic
importance)

Guggolstrones
from Commiphora wightii

 :

:

Rodiola rosea
common names:
Roseroot (for the scent),
Golden Root (for the perceived value)
and Arctic Root

 -
(Kim 1976)
Growth features
Plant height in cm

Age
1
2
3

from seedlings from root division

9.7
17.6

8.0
24.3
20.5

21.8
26.6
28.7

No. of flowering stems 1

2
3

2.5
2.6

1.0
5.5
13.1

3.1
7.8
16.0

Total plant weight in g 1

2
3

2.1
1.7
3.9

2.8
30.3
100.7

37.0
143.3
251.4

Root weight in g

0.12
0.42
1.66

1.2
19.0
52.4

26.7
98.45
167.7

1
2
3

Echinacea angustifolia var.

tennesseensis
" ",


Species

Rarity

Vul + Extinction Rate

Attractivity

Endemism

Achillea aleppica

Acinos rotundifolius

Adonis aestivalis

Aegialophila pumilio

Aeluropus lagopoides

Aeluropus littoralis

Aethionema carneum

Agrostemma githago

Alcea striata

Alisma gramineum

Alisma plantagoaquatica

Alkanna galilaea

Alliaria petiolata

Allium albotunicatum



Majorana syriaca
Matricaria
Centaurea cyanoides
Myrtus communis
Salvia fruticosa
Crategus
Ruscus aculeatus
Salix alba
Satureja thymbra
Thymbra spicata
Coridothymus capitatus
Glycyrrhiza glabra

 ,

/
,
: . ".

 , ?...
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www.herbology.org.il
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