5.89 Consider a steady, laminar, fully developed, incom- ‘presible flow between two infinite plates, as shown. The low fs due to the motion of the left plate as well a pressure ‘gradient that is applied in the y direction. Given the condi- tons that V4 V(z}, w=0, and that gravity points in the negative y direstion, prove that «=O and thatthe pressure ‘gradient in the y direction must be constant. Given: "low between infinite plates Find: Prove that =0, dPidy = constant Solution: or Governing = (Ccatianty Equation) Equations: _ Incompresible tit Assumptions: No notion slong the wall (x0) linited wo rvo dimeasions (w~ 0), Prove that °: Given that F 4 7°(z) this means that Also given that the ow is lly developed which meas that” # 7°) so at = ‘And steady flow implies that P > (0) ut beeanse 12 u(y,2,f) chon a= (x) meaning tht the paral derivative here au “The soatinity equation becomes SY = “ ee Becomes cxdinary drvative: a Integrating the ordinary derivative gives: = constant By the uo-stip boundary condition w= Oa the surface of citer pate meaning the constant must be zr. Hence: =Oa Prove that” = constant: o ‘De othe fact hat 0, andl aravity is inthe negative y-dection the x-somponnt of the Navier-Stokes Equation becomes: oP hence P= PCs) De ote fet that w = 0, and gravity i inthe negative yiecion the z-componentof the Navier-Stokes Equation becomes: oe F=0 weuce P+ P(e) ‘The y-componeat ofthe Naviee Stokes Equntion reduces to Sothen has been shown that P # P(x, z) and because the ow is steady P * P()meaning that P= PCy). This means tat the left laud side of [1] can only be a fiction of y or a constant, Additoually, by the fully developed, steady flow, and F +P (2) conditions itis shown that v = v(x). For this reason the right hand side of [1] can only be a function or x or @ constant. ‘Mathematically speaking its impossible fe: f(y) = 2(2) so each side of [1] umst be a constant,5.93 Protiem 435 gave the veloity praile fr fully deve ‘oped laminar Now in a circular tube sw ut ~ (7B) ‘Obiain an expression forthe shear force per unit Volume inthe x direction for this fw. Evaluate its maximum value forthe conditions of Problem 435, Given: Velwity rofiefr filly developed ins Mow na ae Fins (a) Exgrss sea fore per unit vou ia the section — (6) Masi ae hes condone CZ or Solution: — Wewillcwhuteo diireaia whumeof Bail in this ow etd (et rely (Steady ow ft ‘The dteratialof set force Would be) yg = (F + de) 2edade—-n2-mednde = Deed dade A sand in cylindrical coordinates: Leonamarden 8, ow ) a” Freednde rat Forwater: p= 21% 10"5.95 Consider planar microchannel of width has shown (itis ‘setually very long in the x dizection and open at both ends) ‘ACCartesian coordinate system with ts origin psitonedat the center of the microchannel is used in the study. The micro- channe! is filled with a weakly conductive solution. When an electri currents applied across the two conductive walls the ‘current density, J, transmitted through the solution is parallel tothe yaxis. The catice device s placed ina constant magnetic field, B, which is pointed outward from the plane (the z direction), as shown Interaction between the curent density ‘and the magnetic field induces a Lorentz force of density J B. Assume that the conductive solution is incompressible, ‘and since the sample volume is very small in lab-on-a-chip ‘pplications, the gravitational body fore is neglected. Under sleady sate, the low driven by the Lorentz forse is described by the continuity (Eq, Sta) and Navier-Stokes equations (Eap.527),cxceptthe sy, and components ofthe laterhave ‘extra Lorentz force components on the right. Assuming that the flow sully developed and the velocity ReldV is function ‘of y only, find the three components of velocity 1N-S estions and simplification assumptions hui Velocity Solution: Governing Veu=0 ——(Consinity Equation) Equations: pu-Vu=-Vp+uV7u+JxB ——(Momentm Equation) (1) Incompressibe uid Assumptions: (2) Two dimessional,flly developed flow driven by Lorenz force (2) Zero pressure gradient Write the 2D continuity and momentum equations in Cartesian coordinates: udu a ay pty ee 0 wo @ple io) v=0> Swany) Using the assumption of zeto pressure gradient, equation (3) vanishes, and equation (2) can be simplified as O= nS T+ B “ By seyec, 6 a Apply the no slip boundary conditions into equation (5), we get The fluid os is i as