SHIP TRAFFIC SIMULATION STUDY

PORT EXTENSION,
CASE PORT OF ROTTERDAM
By:

R. Groenveld

extension

Port seminar 2007

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Extension

Why extension

Growth from 320 million tons/year in 2004 to 480

million tons/year in 2020

Growth from 30,000 to 46,000 sea going vessels

Reclamation of 1000 ha, called Maasvlakte 2

Port seminar 2007

Introduction

Rotterdam port extension

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Port objectives:
A safe and smooth handling of marine traffic
Safe:
Present safety level should be maintained
Smooth:
Service level should fulfill the demands of the
ship owners
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Traffic flow simulation model

To determine the capacity of the port extension
With an adequate service level
( mostly ship waiting times are used as service level
indicator)

With an adequate safety level

(the safety level can be secured by traffic rules)

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Model Specification
Component

Name module

Process describtion

Generator

Genprocess

Generates the ship traffic and assigns the attributes of the ship

Ship

Shipprocess

Describes the process of the component ship

Quay master

Qmasterprocess

Checks the availability of the quay and assigns the berth to a requesting
vessel

VTS

vtsprocess

Checks tidal conditions and traffic situation

Terminal
operator

Termprocess

Determines the service time (dwell time along the quay)

Tidal conditions

Tideprocess

Determines the tidal conditions

Tug

Tugprocess

Registers the number of tugs in operation

Section
occupation

Occupationsections

Reserves the occupation of a channel section

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Masterplan

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Configuration model port extension

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Manoeuvring simulator studies

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Imput data model

Inter arrival time distributions for each fleet

Sailing times vessels in the channel sections
Ship traffic rules
Safety distances between vessels
Service time distributions

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Fleets

Destination
Caland kanaal
MOT
TOR
LYONDELL
APM
ECT Europa
ECT Amazone
EMO
NEREFCO
Stad Rott
Totaal

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Number vessels per ship class

2
3
4
5

Total

Generators

1500

1250

1000

750

500

5000

1 tot 5

40

92

132

6 tot 7

771

86

857

8 tot 9

182

182

364

10 tot 11

567

185

207

131

1090

12 tot 15

536

175

196

124

1031

16 tot 19

1072

350

392

247

2061

20 tot 23

91

91

259

36

483

24 tot 28

140

455

105

700

29 tot 31

10310

7896

2752

212

21170

31 tot 35

32888

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Ship traffic rules

Safety distance on
entering

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Simulation model

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Ship traffic rules

Encounter / Overtake
manoeuvres

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Simulation model

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Traffic Rules
Section 3

Ship class, overtaking

Ship class, encoumter

Section 3

Class 1

Class 1

Class 2

Class 2

Class 3

Class 3

Class 4

Class 4

Class 5

Class 5

Class 6

Class 6

Class 7

Class 7

Class 8

Class 8

Sectie 4

Ship class, overtaking

Ship class, encounter

Sectie 4

Class 1

Class 1

Class 2

Class 2

Class 3

Class 3

Class 4

Class 4

Class 5

Class 5

Class 6

Class 6

Class 7

Class 7

Class 8

Class 8

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Ship traffic rules

Mooring/turning basins
areas

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Simulation model

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Vessel types
Type 8, Roro length 215 m, draught max 7
Type 7, LNG, length 315, draught max 13 m
Type 6, Channel bound Length>300 m Draft>17.4
Type 5, Semi channel bound, Length>300 m Draft14.3- 17.4 m
Type 4, Length>300, Draft<14,3 m
Type 3 Length 200- 300 m
Type 2 Length 120 200 m
Type 1 Length <120 m

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Vessel types
Type 8, Roro length 215 m, draught max 7
Type 7, LNG, length 315, draught max 13 m
Type 6, Channel bound Length>300 m Draft>17.4
Type 5, Semi channel bound, Length>300 m Draft14.3- 17.4 m
Type 4, Length>300, Draft<14,3 m
Type 3 Length 200- 300 m
Type 2 Length 120 200 m
Type 1 Length <120 m

Length > 300 m

draught 14.3 -17.4 m
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Simulation model

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Vessel types
Type 8, Ro ro length 215 m, draught max 7
Type 7, LNG, length 315, draught max 13 m
Type 6, Channel bound Length>300 m Draft>17.4
Type 5, Semi channel bound, Length>300 m Draft14.3- 17.4 m
Type 4, Length>300, Draft<14,3 m
Type 3 Length 200- 300 m
Type 2 Length 120 200 m
Type 1 Length <120 m

Length > 300 m

Draught > 17.4 m
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Simulation model

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Vessel types
Type 8, Roro length 215 m, draught max 7 m
Type 7, LNG, length 315, draught max 13 m
Type 6, Channel bound Length>300 m Draft> 17.4
Type 5, Semi channel bound, Length>300 m Draft 14.3- 17.4 m
Type 4, Length>300, Draft<14.3 m
Type 3 Length 200- 300 m
Type 2, Length 120 200 m
Type 1 Length <120 m

Length > 120-200 m

Draught < 14.3 m
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Simulation model

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Port seminar 2007

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Track and sailing times in the different

sections

Destination
Term. 6
West

10

11

42

43

46

49

55

58

59

60

61

62

Class 2

24

16

16

20

146

s62

Class 3

24

16

10

11

16

30

173

s62

Class 4

24

16

10

11

16

30

177

s62

Class 5

24

16

10

11

16

30

177

s62

Ship track

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totaal

man.

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Validation and speed sensitivity for

the year 2004
Cases simulated:
1. Maximum speed of vessels
2. Reduced vessel speeds
3. Leveled vessel speeds
4. Maximum vessel speeds with reduced safety distances

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Destination Europoort
Dynamic turnaround times
180%
160%

Max. speed (case 1)

% of case 4

140%
120%

Reduced speeds (case 2)

100%
Leveled speeds (case 3)

80%
60%

Max.speeds with reduced

safety distances (case 4)

40%
20%
0%
1

ship class

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Destination Maasvlakte 1
Dynamic turnaround times
160%
140%

Max. speed (case 1)

% of case 4

120%
Reduced speeds (case 2)

100%
80%

Leveled speeds (case 3)

60%
Max.speeds with reduced
safety distances (case 4)

40%
20%
0%
1

ship class
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Safety study
Register the number of exposures
With historical data (casualty rates) determine the
number of accidents
Determine damage costs based on the number and
type of accidents

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Encounter (exposure) definition

radius 0.5 nautical mile

crossing

head-head

crossing
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Number accidents per 106 encounters

(registered in the Straight of Dover)
Visibility

Accidents
Type
encounter

Good

head-head

6.2

crossing

4.9

overtake

6.2

head-head

88

crossing

14

overtake

90

head - head

290

crossing

630

overtake

350

Foggy
visibility
<1500m
Heavy Fog
visibility
<500m

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Ship position in channel section

Figure 1 Lateral distribution ship position in the channel

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Port seminar 2007

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Extension Port of Rotterdam

16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2

Number vessels per day in section 1, strict traffic rules

2 9
2 6
2 4
2 2
2 0
1 8
1 6
1 4
1 2
1 0
8
6
4
2

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Number vessels per day in section 1, less strict traffic rules

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Encounter (exposure) densities

d6
d5
d4

Encounters
density

d3
d2
d1

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Configuration Simulation Model Colombo port

W1

Colombo Port
wet infra structure
fiuture situation

s1

11000

s2
10000

9000

s7

s16

s3

8000

s8

s15

7000
s4

s13
s6

s14
s10

termina

terminal 1

s11

l3

s9

6000

s5

s12

5000

terminal 2

5000

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6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000

12000

1300

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NUMBER ENCOUNTERS COLOMBO PORT

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Conclusions and recommendations

Capacity models satisfy quite well the demands
The accuracy depends strongly on the input data
as the arrival pattern, the service time and applied
traffic rules
The safety estimation models are just starting
Estimation of the safety area around should be
improved
Estimation of the ship track should be improved
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