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    8 views27 pages

    555 Timer & ADC-DAC PDF

    Uploaded by

    Deependra Nigam

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 27
    380 Lica integrated Cris am CHAPTER & as 585 TIMER A765 arm ALL Ironton may ne at (0 Pie we cd on unt cs ae pla have sey with ‘espect to bot real and insaginary axis. ven (a) No poks eon he up o (i Po we sepa ty ns 6) Acme al of ok don rela fom () Fs re ean rat frye elo he (09) Pl cated xan fan agin fro Pe Iran on = aad r= Sw sown Fp X78, Compan ot ies upon = 6 ie in Table A. The ane cto 1) fro node ow pas er writen a HO) a O° See. ba “Tae 555 tne isa highly sable device for peering acer time eyo scion. SigessCorprtin fet roduc his devie nthe SESSSV NE 58S ads avaible ino pockge styles, pin rears, TO-99 cance Spin mink DIP or 1a DIP. Toe S86 timer conti fro 5 me td {55 14pm DIP. There ao sve constr fine uc a Ears KR-220 vic cori 85 tine pusprogemmable bier counter nasingle 16-38 Pskage A sng 555 timer can provide ie dey raging fon eosccons {o ours ween coir tine ca have a main ining range of as "Te 555 timer cn be ved with ropplywokage the range 4 to 4.18. od cn dive ood po 20 mA 6 compat wi bth TT. sod EMOSioge errs Because fhe wide range of sappy walap, be 8S inet ss veal sg easy 10 en vacean pple. Vero apis clade oscil, plse generac, raep ond square wave seer, nos, ‘ule, bul alam,trfle etx conel aed vaage moor ee ars Fr sable operation ony thet al ples have Ben eos eetg ll et ha poe poles, 5 jhe Butereo pom wih die be enon of (0B ‘A. 7 far even so i even by, (SB) a9 ce: E[rrommentp ay & ara outeut EE] [Eltresnats noi: GDF + 2ea8y0e15 6 e Butersrt poynomis pio = 6 aso shown inthe Tabie A. 71. Reset gs Lines seed Chess 4 82, Fconl aga of 5 kk £2, Deserts of Functional D Fue 81 gives the pa dig and Fig 62 pits the fects clagzan ior 531 times Reteriaga Pg 82, re 5 nan esos a age five, proving bas wetage of (23), to he ufpe cmprace (UC) ahd (G2), newer copa (LC), whew Vise soppy valag Snce tte toowotage fc he neosary comparator esol veloge eels In dtennning te ting ntervelIt possible 1 aty teeleczecalto, by arpping a dustin solnge 1 the cool volage pu emi! (5). Th aplctiogs where no eich ods i endl i esomeaded Dy ‘momlacare ats caacor (QU pF) be conned beeen coal valupe trum (5-20 grand Lo y.gs eo le fom te sep. ied (a ste op Qo oto pep) & HICH. This makes te cupat LOW css Of power ampli whic basally an fave A egstve gong rigger pe pido pit 2 and seule have evel reat than ets eel Fe wer soar (Le V3) he gave ging ee of he ize, ose age poses Cru (V3 te tie ower omperstor goes HGH nd se he FF (Q= 1, 0 =O). Ding J) extn when te teseld vol a po 6 esses 4eUBS {ihe sect ep eng moc FC The reset pt (a 4) ponies a mechan co reel he Fn manne which ves eff ofan tution cing Ff lowe caper This ovcetng rest effete wn the eet pt es han sb! OV. ‘Wen this ee ot se ie ume 10 VT tneboe Oy eve 8 butter ool the est puto he Fen racnistr , The wasn, [Secten by an iver reference voage Vo otal ftom supply wasp Yr mastable Operation je 83 shown 555 tie: connected oe ows oan ane nina ‘Sagaensshown in lg 84 Tn be any ste, FF hts arise 2, om tha. tanping te external axing capacitor Co ped. Te ous mans e000 pret, LOW. Aste iggrin i 8S) pss ough Vf, the FF Feces Q'=0. Tis makes te tensor , ff rte stot crc 2c te Ting capcie i lest. As Of LOM, capt poe HIGH (2) The tiieg eee ne Deis See Cis uncle, volege aces ites expecially throug Rowe with tne constant RC 28 in Fg 8S Aer # Sie red 7 (ales ier te apcter vlog sj gente ton 23) V0 fhetpper spar ects Ft f= 1,5 =O (essunig very a gs pute wit, Tis alee Q=1, teste, gus om (se snors), ey ccsarping the cago C reply to proud pot, The ua ers oe ‘tandby atc or round potectial ss shown in Fig. 85 (c). 334 Linear Pgeted Chee a 83 Sonate The votge acess the epactor as Fig. 85°) is ven by yeVa nem) @ ater =@/3) Vu ‘Toeretore, 2 vnev,a-er earn « RC In(1/9) oa Tet.1 RC geen) an 1s evidettom Eg, (2) tht he tng tral ncpenden of bes ‘ge may sso bem ha ose eee eta HOH ‘Se ine Tes, whch dps lpn Any on get Bulb coming cing tis tne wil ot change he utp! Se However ts ev goign peas nig. 85) sp oo tetra ring be anng eee, eansior Qos af 2, becomes on She exe lining ace Cis ieyCacge. The oa aow woe wae 85 6H ay be wn tt te ep of Qs noe tly he pe ‘of 2, 10 tum on, inmedity ad teehy aol the propos cay toh te FP Now, eve i te eat eee, be oa wi al ene {oN a or tg ae pa ed pn Pe 8 sow «gph fe vrows combats oF ta¢ ¢ esa fo peer # ‘Ben tine delay 7 585 Timer 335 a 84 Ten cnn pon Wi nn ag Soneies ih monies of Fig 83 misigge on pase pulse ages even wit he cota pia bypass epector. To prevent tia modied ‘Seu sbown fo Fig. 7 ted. Het the restr sa ete combination (€10KSrand O01 HF tthe ip fos ere. Daring te pive [ping ego he tigger de D became frvard base, bred ling the ‘pluto he postive spike 1 0.7. XN ans 1 nthe mooastble mutivibator of Fig 83, R= 100k sd the ine delay ‘Te1to ms Cao the va fC. Vey the vale of C obtaoes fam the pap of Fi. 88 ‘Solution: From Bq, (82), We get 536 Linear Inepraed Creal Trigger We --f-+-- Additonal pulse has no etfe pa wae ih He 4 omg “7 e410. Lear mp gener ip B11 Ln mp gcse cope 340, Linear Integrated Circis The capo charges Soon a 6 vote reaches (218) V_ which i te esol of te uppetcatprtorin he ensenecea fa gra The cpatioevologe reas set ane gat is pple. The tne velo are sbown fe fig 81 The praca vtec be med a Ryn 41 AD Re =100 Hh, R27 4; C=O Vae5V (ny vale between 51918 canbe ese) P equeney Divider continu iggedmonoahe calt w ga by age wane seer canbe usd sw Requcy does if te ting inca jd 1 be inger ha te pce of te tngzeing ve wave lap sgnal Te ‘menos liv wllbetigeed by he it negae Bong eee ote gure wave lp bu he ep wil mean HUGH (cae rae ting Saerva) fo next negative going edge fhe pt square wave sawn i ig '312. Te mono-sot will bowever De tigger on Ie hid cplve gn pe, epencing on the cnc ote tne ea. ts wy, he ep on be as Incpra ctios of te eqency of te lp tigen square wae. Fp iD uy nce SM pute With Moddation Te cit sstowa nF 813. Tiss aly a moonble matviraoe witha most ipa sigan y the pation of continous gee mp2, sees of opt puss ate obtained the dean of wed ‘ependsc the ouning ip a pS Toe nein ip sped ats {5 superimposed upen the trey exiting vole 13) ame tone Snput emia of UC. This i tum etanges te trend lve the UC aod the output pulse widlh modulation takes pice. The modulating signal ood te =F. ig 88. ie wilt aor odutting output Fie Ai Pa wi oun wna town nig, 14 ates ton ea were a erate dye lve eee esEhy aa fine tin na ue REL bh, Astute Operation 7 1 fo stable epttion s shown in Fg 8:15 Foe te “Te devive is connected fox stable op B16. Acie ltr ng 5 nee untessancng the conpte diagram o she libs wih ta tra ‘gran of 8 ahowa o Fg 6.16, Carpting wih manoiheepration te tig eso snow spt ino wo secoas Rand Ry Pin 7 of crying tensor Qi conned 1 he Junction of od Whe he power spy 4, i. 416 Pst sng canbe muna wing 5S er 555 Timer 38 ‘icone tener ning eps C cores ovat Vwi tie ‘Sac yo). arg tts, orpt (pi) igh eqs V.) Reset Rao SoS= autioconbletn rakes Q =O whkh fs ncanpedte ning coc C “cn capac wage equ (be pel ss geste th) (2/3) va thecgnt coca ages tenia Eip-op sottat = Thi i a, ‘ries ter Gon td cxpctor Css dscurpng vars pons ugh [ese emsior , i ine conta RC (epg te forward esstance Gp. Cumem so fw it tensioeQ, tog Ry Resse Ry 28 Ry este ge omaph to it hs erent an prevent dag tothe dears ieee the amu value of Ry approcnately eg oY, /02 where (OA be wximum cet tough the on tas ‘arantedctrge of te ining copter C, reaches (be pec, ‘sj lea tn) Vo he lower ebeparatr 3 Iigeed 0 3S Soae Sok waichsns@=0 Now Q =O vclamps the extemal ining eaocior CoThecapociee Cs ts peril crged se dtargeébewe=n @/3) 7am G13) Ya repel, Pipe 8:7 sbows the tinig sequence and Copte vitge weve flr. i lenin af ne that be oun eis HUGE (Sibe te torn copactor to care from (273) Vt 2/3) Vo It may be ‘eid ows LVI ese ‘81. Tang ene of wile matinee “The capecor vgs fr 8 om pss AC cei sbjoae os sep put of V, sabe by vege) “Tete taken by the cet wo chrge fom 0 (29) Ve 219)Vee ee) 9) S44 Linear Imegrated Create 2 te tne 10 care rom 00 (1/3) Vi (U3) e2 Kade a0) oe, e0a0sRe $0 the time to etge fom (1/3) Va 10 (2/3) Va is face not * EOORC-0405 RC = 069 RC So, oe the pve cat, on = 089 (RR) en no ag ie emt eo 2) 0.82) U3). 213)¥ ene sowing we get 40RC 0, te gen creat, oy #069 By C ex et i bh any ene a Pa ya te T" Rem _| Fie 818 shows « goph ofthe vious cointons of (+2) snd C | ‘sre io proce ea subi outpat eqn. The dl cic Doh cea ‘nefned ste rat ON tine tthe al ne pet Pan * IBC ‘cu, wnt the asso Q am the ut gos low. Hees, Dn Ao 100 ? % 100 Heike ay eA. Pree ene fy Ry ‘Whe cies contguion of Fig 8154 ot posse wo have cyte more tha SOR sae fn = 089 Uk Ra) wl ays be peer an ons OOTRGCC Tr Ot Oba HATA Sas VEL D= SOT, te ‘aoc mas be ede one. However, now pin 7 conected dey to Vz and ex came wil Sow tough Q, whe it on This may damage (0, snd bene he tne. ‘Avateraive crit which wil allow day ceo belt racy any level show io Fig. 819, Dug the charging pric of eee, ade D, $5 forward efetiely sort celting vo tht ron 069 RC weve, ig te dcbrgng pron of cy, tans , becomes ON, teeby pounding pln 7 and hence the Sade D, reverse Dis ey 616) an ie sv80 RC Totnes (RIC tas k Reke td ty eye De Resos fy a yc be made aie low ajtinet of esac) end se wi Howetee sere rer alews 100 (sed) soo be aed eee R, sot Ry, This will Umi peak conent 10 the dcharge treneitor 316 Linear Ineprate Cievie pe 2, wn te aril rents mou va. An Ry ae 10 tee 50% day ep 8 ached eee ‘Sym pgure wave grt by ding cocked K fp opt te capa ofthe octymmerie! pine we neni eo in Fig 820 The ‘ed ip p esas bin evie tener ope. The out regency In is case wil be one ff har ofthe tine. The aevanage ofthis a & Sete ny ewe ene Be ake, 585 Timer 367 Rane 82 - Rete Fig. 815. For R,=68 KO, Ry=33 40 and C01 HF eke (on (©) tw 6 Sse ring tequeny (6) day eye, Solation: 6) By B4. 0) ree 06 (68 KOS KA) 4) = 07 ms 0) By Ba. 19) foe = 09 83 20) (04 pi) =025 ms 5 ator te Tena HoTMTCH — Te 33ka aes or op. Se, APrLcamontW ASTAMLE MoDE PSK Generator to git tacoma, binary ade strand by siting ae sreciency nme two pre eences. Ts ype of tannin sealed ‘Fedomy ahineing (SK) ecg, ASS erin stble mode cn De we | terete FK ng The Grout nas ova io Pg 21. The stn ga Gu getteqpenny 150 Tl: When ngs HIGH, innit Qs off nd 88S time does ine nrol sie mode of operatcn. The eqaency ote ouput ‘waveform gen by Eg (81) ca Be rewrites 5 Las Pe Teme ae ‘oa telypewrer using moda demodulator (MODEM). frequency eave 07D fro 170 Fi is nad a one of tesa FSK signs, The ‘Sennen Ry sd onthe cpa Cen be seh ott 1070 He “Wen te ing LO, Q goes om nd connect ie resiance R,ss8 ‘Tow cag fegency I 00% gen by 38 Linear Iegrated Circle RI “ Te este Rn be aid to get an up egueney 1270 He Beal output Nogutatin ional 821. 3K pie ae i 82. Pae pen mab Pulse Postion Modultor output ‘Te pu potion modu can be consid by spying ods tiga opin 3 of 0385 timer comet frase paion shown ig 822 Te ott pe pon vars wih he modutaing niga rose rel lg nd eee te edly vai igre 825 aici ‘ovelan ener or np wee most gk ny oes to the et waveform tate fesiency i vayng cing le ol soda, The pal paca empnet vhs may Dee X £2, C=001 F V5 (any value beweenS'V 4018 V may be casea) mit Teguer ‘The seo 5 tar a Schmit Tig is sown Fi 824. et the wo ner cere eed ogee a exalt /2 hough Ty and hy Site the upper cooperate Wil tp &¢ 2/3) Vp ad lower pro (13) Vn bs pride by and etre win ese two testo emetic enistinnte (5: V. 90, Ry 32812) to 50 Linear Inegrated Coes e824 Tis ia Shit THe Opn scot he reference vel cess he ema ip. Oop ore st an eet, Proving a sure wore cutpt ws shen a Fig 825. may be noe at nie ‘Sxevetca malivibrar,no feueney dvison taking place ad eguency ‘toque wave rerio fhe sme eof inp sin oO pape SH A 825. pt ouput wes eS Tease Summary 1, S55 10 Tine cn produce very accuse ad sabe Kime dys, fe ‘mloseena 0 hum, 2. Timer aisbe into packages, cir can and DIP 2 can be sed wit suplywotage Varying fom 51018 Vand ha cunpatibe wit TIL and CMOS crease, 4. Tinereanbe wed inmonosbeoasble noe of peratin gpa inde waetrm enero, ming ple cetocr, ‘iver, pulse with moda, barge slant, ESK gereon, ccrenaon pulse position tna ee 558 Timer 351 Review Questons 1, Drow and xpi the atonal gran of 585 Tyne. £2, Expats function of et 83 What are the modes of operon ofa ine? BAL Dene the exession of time dl of a monowsble nvivbae 85, Dac sone aptcatons of ner in onastuble note 6, Debi ty ej . 87, Give methods for csingsyrmeticl squne wave ‘48, Daca te operation of 1 TSK gener og 55 Line, 89, How is ap asible muvee conacted lo a pulse pestion £10. Dew te cet «Stak rigger ning 55 ine an explain is open. PROBLEMS. £2, Desig a monosbe nla seg $55 ero pode a pulse with of 100m Very he vais of Rand baie rm cheep oC 86, 22, The onorable mative of Fig 83 usd a a vided 3 evar. Te fequncy of he pt rer 15 re valoarC Ot AF cakes, he valve o renee 2, athe atl via O Fig 15, y= 2.2 40 fy C= Cael ) cy (9 ken (8) fee rang eg fea (i) day te. ‘4, Design & ager waveorn generar of equency 100 Ha and ty gel of 19%, 85, Bagh aymnetical spare waveform neo of 10k sing $85 ter fr ay JE, @). Design aspect: 25 @) Da0s0. 9 Unymerical sq wavelors gnerioe fal klix na D025 nig 815, fos i TertRye S52 Linear Inerat Crete ox Sekt C20. pF Solving fer Ry a0, we gt Haren 9 PHASE-LOCKED LOOPS Rye 5 Ryn 55 49 1) Symmes square waveform genettor 9. Infraction kit wu D=050 Te Be ciel of Fi 619 "Te e-ocket op (PLL) ian impart big Dock of lis pes loc plse-Jocked loop (PLL) came ito vogue inthe 190s whe vs ‘ed for ater sycbensan and coauniaton sppitens. The high tet ‘of realing PLL in ascetefoen linted is use nee, Now wa sce [Cecholgy PL are salle a expensive moooliie Cs Tee ecrgue ane {orebeoaequeey co is used tiny in stl cmmuricaton stems, ‘ir bore magna ates, FM coment pers, compan ee. The sa busi princi of PLL, aie ICs a mporan sppcaos are discus, Uses dade 0479 92. Basle Priaipes Soe Sor Ry ahd Ry, We Bt nu ne ‘he bs ok Scena fe FLL i shown Fig. 9.1 This feedback sem 1. Pim dtecoreompaatoe 2 Alow pas fer An ener ampli 4/4 Votage Conroed Oscar (VCO), ‘he VCO 36 ee raning muir a oes sat egy f cael ee ruming eqn. Tis fequncy seine by an extn ng Proceire 1. Conneticut of ig 815 using omponeat vais chan jn esi pn 2 Coser and sketch the cpsctor voltage waveform (pn) soup vwaeforn (93). Mest Ie equncy snd ly cel of te uta seretor, (MBB ayecier od enema reise. em abe sie tiered by spying 9. Next make the cuit of Fg. 819 using component ves acts AM x de onl wage vo a appoint femnal ote IC The epency fro desig prt ‘evi i crt proportional fo te deco vag sd ac i ald 2 Votage Canoaed Osi” in ba, VCO. 1 anes of Requency appli tthe PLL, the phase detector compres the phase a frgurny ofthe lciening sgl ott he ep ‘alte VCO, If be ow signals flr i foray aad a, an ee ‘olge vis oe. The se detects bay a mip and podics ‘be sun (+f) a8 eifrenes (=f) componecs ot ts utp ‘The high 4: Repeat ep 2 Dub and AD Comeriers 383 CHAPTER 10 D-A AND A-D CONVERTERS: arog [sre 04, Introduction Mostafa oetl psc! quis such vote, cae, emperis presi and ee ate sha In slg fore. Even thaugh an analog iad Feproen a teal pica ureter win acuacy iis o poets, re (tant he aaog eign wie arotucingcosierbe err becuse Ie speingoniien of me a ine ie of ape modo, Tarlo fee posing, ammtaon andstoage pop fey event ese "ese warble cg fon. I gives blr seewoey ad reds nose, THe ‘eration o ny digi communsston system ted upon mag 0 dg (GOD) a igi 1 nog (DIA) cooveron gure 10) bigigh 4 tpl apeien win whieh A/D end DIA cooversen cd he sayy el obi ron te nse en ied Dy lal ice, Tee sig is thn snl teeny rate moe tha ‘ice te mano beau of ts band eed signal The sample egal ae ‘beheld constant while coeverson taking pein AD covet. Tiss "a ADC shold precede ya sae ana hla et. Toe ADC opt lea sequence in bauy dig The mccaspuer or cial signal pocese ects te serial elias of the dered onl algo. The D/A ‘rover o covert igi sil no anaiog and ene the fenton of DAC Sexsy oppose to tht of ADC. Tee DIA eve ly operated Ste tequncy & tie ADC: The ouput ofa D/A converer i ommanly senate ig oupt pnd gh ring Sh The sche gen P11 ee et in Sl on at in ppt ss ipa aio reading and payback compute sit ideo Sess Tube cade oulstion ans, dt culo, gia matinee {pil conte, ia sl proces, serpencessr based marae Bath ADC spd DAG ae als ow as conversa ce si ‘fom. tay te mewn ret fr slowly vying signal somes fn ol crest maybe avid wit cae eee. Toe AD ‘tnd hokd Greuit may be avoided without conskeruble error. The A-D conve 4 [senvte Josie i 2 H 384 Linear Ineprated Creuits 102. Baste DAC Techniques Pesca of DAC soe i ig 102. Toe pu sen iy word ant combine wit reece vole Vo ge am sig ea pe TimoupulofeDAC ee era vole or carci. Fors value age Ten, the DVA convene is mathemati debe so 1K Val 2 44,2%4. 4.25) where, Vx cupu votage ‘ig ful ses cup votgs sea factor wally usted to unity ‘teu Boy ets ed wih he Sil pot lcd ek dss siglicn be ASE) wis a weg of Yee ste sigiias bit (LSB) wih 4 welt of VTS ony 6 a1 oa | use onc M2. ems of» Dac ‘eee aca oso inet (103), Hew we sl eng ste lecnigos ay ‘Weighed eeinor DAC RR ler evened ROR ier 1024. Wacire RessToR DAC 103) as asunming pier (SPOD ype ey goa to he retrace vgs (-V). And te np bit te awa comet be ‘af he ground. For Fig, 103, the stat cure, foal op ‘mp ean be water a q CConperng Ba. (101) wit (102) can bese hat Ry = Rtn iP a aeiraety e249 aa av Reg rirgie..042q 002) La, # Fig 83.6) Asa wi mae DC @) Ter arc 3 36 Lincor mepraed Crests ‘Tec seni g 103@) as ape rece age The adg is vtge etre post alas sr shown Fig 3) eee weigd resistor DAC. maybe noted that, (Aliough the opamp in ig, 103 i connected i inverting mode, ‘0 aso be connected in nan-laweing med (i) he opamp is singly workings aren to voge comer, i) Te potaity of tne etree wohage & se aestones Sie ype ofthe switch se. For exal or Teoma wie then ‘votage shouldbe + $ Vand the upat wi te ngute seca an sbi a «DAC depends upn th sous of the ers andthe tang of each ater with eapertr Thee we bowers nos robles ssocied wit i ype af DAC. Ono dsivenngeontiny ‘weit ype DAC be wie rsoge oer vals ruin Lint Peotone "tor beter eit, he mp binary werd ing an ob Inceasee The ‘06 mr obit ieee, th geo esac vu ince, oc PAG, the ress requ at 28,2 'R,-- 28 Te hegasoes ‘iste sls oe fr eny 8 DAC. Fors I2bADAC, elutes fed 5.12 MG if te enlist 25 KO. Te facto of coh ae ‘esac in IC et pact, Also te ve drop aces sch alcge see uty of aie woe ani srt ats ov sich svide oe ‘sprit smooth foe reese eof weigh resto Daca ry ‘The sic a Fg 103 (0) ein sere wt esis terete, hi urease mush vey aw and ihey shoul tae 2ew eel ahage Spek, ‘masons do ot pon well ws vaage svtces, ce me uisreo an ‘og when in saturation. However, by aig MOSETE, sen te on Dita peso tly conrad SPT leone tc wcanne of hich wo ae stowain Fig 104. iene MOSFET arwer ing Toa Sede each reso comet the ering emia of Fi 10a ‘The to complemen gt npts Q and @ come ten MOSFET SK tip A> law cl ofa restr wach Role coe bof te gl inne be converted to analog mabe Aue a negave loi le, Ta ‘espnds fo ~10 Ved ngs "0" eresprds to Seo wok thee Se {Be BE ine, Sot and Reso ht Qt end Qt, Tis eves te tara Q, om {bu cooecting fe eso Rie reference volge Vy wheres he ees rma of Simi 2“ at he bt ie eaactne rede (poued tera ‘Another SPOT swich of Fig. 104 @) consis of CMOS invert feeding ‘Bopap vokage flower whch deve, fm a vey tow up ete ‘Tee exe is sng a postive lgicwit Wt)=V, 38 V and V0) 20. Toe ‘complement J of ie bit under consideratoa is apliedw the ingen Thos 9 . DA and AD Comerirs 381 t+ a “ree ig 104) A ten pte MOSEET ei ©) CMOS iene se tlcomite 2 of Qo ep of oe CMOS ner pc C8 Vesta lar, ag ving ewer Aa Tine upc of he CMOS ever OY cing he asin Ro prot 1022, Ran Lanes DAC ite range of restos ae equi bey weg rer ype DAC. tian ie yg RR pe DAG wie nyo eof ‘eso oie. keel aed steed ceo ttn. hp “te ranges fm 25 1 10 2. . Ie ump, cer 984 DAC mw nF 15 (9 whe aca pond compen 1 be ny Wo ‘Sst on ‘Srp win ean fw oi 105 0d aly 105 © Thee ‘ingest aoe Can bay catedby fest ose ot a8 | DA and AD Comertes 389 [39 ] Creeper th Lh Bg Fe ” Fe 146.0 RaR Iie DAC fr its eas 1) lt it -lc» aint fishon te ouput vege for R-2R later ype DAC coreiyoning io ier 32 ny wads ean be ele 1023. nwexren R-2R Lavon a weighed estar type DAC an 2 lade ype DAC, cet owing ‘interests changes se inp dita cnge, More power sian coe ating, wai um cets fools ip DAC. Ths 8 sets ble i be eva completly i “Inverted RR lake ype DAC A So lene ROR lade type DAC i ston in Fig 101 oh te poor of MSB and LSB is sraanged. Tere cach input isy word eee omesponding ich eibe 0 goubd or te laveting tpl taal othe | opamp whic ao at viral ound, Since bts te amis of sels a The seh prion comesponng the binary werd Ot fe & oun’ penal, cures wig in the aaleces i chet a Incepeoeat of wich postin, ie ndepeedet of apt inary wen ‘i. 107), when switch is a lopiea 0 Le othe ef, he eens tea 2 resister fs othe proud end whe te srtch sm hop "a, the righ ne cient hog 2 sink ote vi. dp cetet pace tough 2R sinks to the virus e105.) 28 ner DAC © Ei cet (0 6B) ‘The apa vote ip 106 (The vse ete andes (A.C) famed by ete ‘6 eal ested in sma faon and ie put wage Bees Mop BEY Liner Inegrated Crete 18. RR le DAC) nee ee DC soning ie come! fr il pa oO bec the glen rextnc tothe ig 1 ef ny sod ses 2 he dln f te caren sown i Fy. 10 (0). Conse a reeroce ‘ert of 2 mA ht oe righ of ade A, te equvlea: esis 2. Tos ‘mA ol elec ings caret vies qual tale IA note A Simi {oberg of oie yh eae esses. Ths | mA of cure free ‘ies to value OS mA woe B. Sim, caro! ves equally a ope C 10025 mA. Tee ego dvs of erent Socesive nodes reais Le Sane fa ine invented RR lnc irepecive of te pte biary wer. Ta fe cats feos constant each bach of the Inde, since ona ‘ren mptes const ohage the laser ode votapes reman canta fe vg, V2, 2 Te chs wrk on fe Peacipe f summing eas {Sasol to opine ne cme move be was important acrange oe eet ced hs since he er oe olan eh ‘Sonn ce with chang pa inary work ds), hea apace, row ae poder ie 1 pode slow aw tte cal 7 Try bene battbevvienes wen Pg 107 a)actbe SPDT swiss | Ded and AD Comerers 391 snp emia 10 =¥, for = 1 and from god 10 Vj fo = 0. Regis: teary npr wee, ne curet n the etivebrant othe ve Iaee ‘iol eins constant ss expla nF. 10.7 (). However he corer though te edbackesor the sori cea! depeoing up te pa ney wr. Bm eth be maton tat, Fg 107) sbows ely he eae ‘vba fr making te anaes simple hag a wolagedeiven DAC, 102.4 Mormetyine DAC ‘A die to ansog conver which ws vary tefeeoce voige Va ceota mlipping D/A camer (MDAC) Th inte By, (101) reece foilage Wy ase weve given By Vs = Vos aft Teen Wild Veo (af #4 180) wet Vi wl ary fom OV'0 (1-24) Va depen wpe ena cade Was Todds MDAC bemves a cig ered ausoatenatr bese The out Vs acon of te vataperepeseing te pat ig code and the adeno sting canbe coro spil ope I olowedby an epamp Ingo he MDAC provider dip pogeammable grasa wae canbe thal inthe desig of elplaly prganimabe cscs, tes. 1025, Moxousric DAC Moosic DACS coming of R2R ler, switches ad te eae resine ae sable fr 101214 end 16 0 resolsion fom vais teaufarrere The MC 14083 88ie DAC with crest up. The SEINE Sots m aso a Bi DAC bat wih a volage curs. Toe ae bybid DIA onverets able io DATEL DACHZ sees for cent wel a ge ope "Api 8b DAC 148 conte wih Tan CMOS logiwith sing tine rnd 3008 ahown i Fig 108 (0 I as eg opt data Hes (OMS) apn o (LSD) I egies 9 mA relerne caren fo Sl sae {nate power supple, = 5V sd Vig = $V (op can ge fom -8 V {15 V), Toe tml elerence caren sure Is deerme’ Wy resto nt ‘age erence Vt egal to YR = SV2SKO = 2A. Te ree mach he np impedance of he econ sarc, Toe oan creak aiid Yo (Bae) aoe 392 Lear eral Cireuls DA cod A.D Converters 308 For fu see apt (rosa = 1) sv. Jeo] =2ma a59055 = 195004 “Tee opt e110 estan te fal le rence Cueto 219A, So the ut vole V, forte fal sel isp Yy22 mA (557056) x 5k 9961 V 1a gem he ut ote Ys ge oy Yenf ibe deed BETS Tae se The 1408 DAC em be carted fo biol rage fam -S V 10 +5 V by sing esr Ry (1) beeen Vat tt pin 8 own a Fig 108 0) ‘The fessor Ry plist mA (= Vi) cure 1 the pu ne opens secon ote eae gered he ip sigal- Therefore th cup caret Torte tipo opin 8 For bony ip word = OOKDNED, Je eo Sap ean ese au Wal Ra(- WR): sv = 3 VS 10) x 59 For baay pu word = 1000000 cup Veco We=h VR Re= (AR se), 105 V2 kt (1) (5 VIS ey} 5 KO =(0 mA ~1mA) 549220 DS. 1408 1 comer) Vang cn tar mph) Mod dt ‘erty cape Fr lay pat word = 1111111 pV, bees Selon he ett vos So ip 10101111 Yes [R.) @S57256)~ CYR] Fy = (1952 mA ~ i mA) x SEO O02 mA x S KO = 4 4960 V Be save Reba step of 9.4 DAC is 13 EONOORDOD repress OV, wh Calculate the valves ofthe LSB, MSB and ful scale output for an bi ‘outpat is produced if the input is 1OL101111,7 * fal ap fo nigc. teonwvane 384 Lear Inepated Cirests Sette oa Fl we opt il wate vobage 1 LS8) S10 = 0039 V'= 9961 V uous: 103 What ouput voege would be podund by DIA cower whowe cup range 1010 V aod whe pt ery mer () 10 or 201 DIA cover) (i) 10 (ora 48 DAC) (i) 10N1:00 (ora 84H DAC) Sataton () ¥y=10V( 1x - sox Z)e5v w Vent0V (On tert 40m w10o(-L 1 years v (ra) (i) YeetOVn12s0% 61x12 o1 124+ Lees Tot s0x 20x =10V (726 184169 192+ 168) =734V 103, AD Converters / ‘Tye blo schematl-of ADC shown ni 109 provi theft jut onan to tat of « DAC, I ere an slog nut vege V, ed rots ao OD Dinary weed dda fnctnal vv Ds at Dad.2'4d2%s...442° 203) where ds be most signa it and se eas sigiant bi An ADC. DA and AD Converers 398 tostat ine conversion st he EOC (nd conversc upto ammoune when the convesion is compe Depending opin be pe of sppcaton, ADCS ‘dig oe icroprcesr eran or dey ose LED or LED Asay. Acs cna ay ttn gr cong econ tech Dect type ADCs aa Intepraing ype ADCS Direct ype ADCS ‘Sompne a ive atog sgl with te ftemy pened egal sia ‘Tas poop eludes ish (enprs) ype cnaverer Counter ype easter "racking or sero cooveree ‘Siccesve aprocnation pe enoveter we Inegming pe ADCs perm cin so et mann by fn canta sig int spl nes ntoe of oe oF egy) ad {tants diac. oe wo noe was aod neptng pe cee re {ching bande ADC i Dal pe ADC ‘Meme ermine sed ADCS st moss roxio sd he Inegatrgpe Thence ayers ADCS eee npc Sch S'S cndisrumcrsion where coenin see aor. Te Sccusne nina sd compotps were neal ws ee ‘Sisnropetng ype comenes Th fash cet pei expe on (igen ef south Te inepaing fp seer ed applets So ‘Spi oencprctnceraxlhotng pens wre cmesion Dice Type ADC 1034, THe PanatLa. Comranaror PLAst) AD Cowra 396 Linear Iegrated Ces wm Lb>- af P| ‘eS i Fe HLA 6) Baca os ah AD conve ‘8 mest expensive enigue Fig, 1110 (3) tows 9 31 AD converte. ‘The cit cons ofa resve cvder nett, 8 opamp cme ‘Stet Sine eoock Gl picky enone) Tos omer.r sd ah ‘bie soya in Fig. 1040 (Asi mow ft ul the coca resve any poet might ota th aps were ea Vole as sbown he ruthie Coming back o Fig 10.0 (seach ode ofthe esse ivi, a comparson wolge arsine. Since a he estos ‘eof eg valu the vlage evel avail tthe noes ae equ lise ‘tween the reference vitae Yad the ground. Te purpose othe Scat ‘compa te salg put obi V, with echo the de voagen The ful tie forthe fash ype AD conver town ig 1010 (eText as "he advange of ih sped ashe crveson ake pace ssnianeu a DA ead AD Converters 381 ‘te sequetly.Typil eooversin tine 510 ps or es. Conversion tne Iimied ony by he seed ofthe compara and a he pron ecae By ws, ‘ Aiwoces Mio Devos AMD GGA cpus ss T147 pees ea, ‘Siovesion dels of the ere of 20s can be ces "This ype af ADC taste dsoivanage thatthe number of compar ‘equi elest dubs foreach aed iA 2251 ADC resins 3 compares, SSBLADC needs, whereas i egaes1S comparator In gener the nab ef campers required ar "= 1 whee mathe desl mer of bis. Hence ‘he mumer of compart approximately duties foreach ed bik he luge tbe vale of the mee complex be pelo encode Yalu aps Tage ape ewer, HHL HAAN NG cons 8 wsevee 0 wyiwsige 8 Sisw ne 8 wiwsme 0 sysesiy 8 yest 8 100 (9 Theos a ype AD comer 032. te Coren TYPE AD Convex ‘The Do A converter cas easily be tame aa o roid the ivene funtion to D conversion. Te prep sto nit he DACs apt ee tl "Be DACs eupat comes within = (1/2) LSE he sok inet V, wtih 10 pe camenedtobinuy ct farm. Tain adnate DAC we sedate lepiecosity to pee the de search and coer of degute ly Tronmowace whee the DAG compel haa comm ohh’ a (liz) LEB Ve 2 398 Linear egrated Chris |A3.itonstng ADC bse upon be stove prince showa in Fig (Th cari eet to 20 cvat By the ree ue. Upon te eka of RESET, th cok pulses are ent bythe Stary euch These pls bo Sought AND gt wich seabed by te woabe compere igs capes he aunber of ples coun increase with tine Te tary wend rete ‘his oun i ed a he input ofa DIA exw whose epi ls De ype shown in Fg 1011 (). The selog cut ¥, of BAC fs compared toh aso inpt Vs by ine compario. IV,» Va he pe ti enna Becomes ih nd the AND gate enabled ane te eno a ak lbs othe cmnit, Whe VY, < Ve be opto the compete esos fox the AND gate dsbed TS ope te counng ae ine Yd te digi ou ofthe cote eres te aslg iat volugeV, fee Sa Yale of ansog input Va seamed reset pve beppad i coat he ce, ‘pen he cot othe rs the comeing bees agai ss own a Fig!) "he eu eguency mist be ow eaough fo gies ane be DAG ‘oxic aodre compare espnd Low speed the mat en dea eH, ° ‘Fig. 18.11. (a) A counler type A/D ecawerter (0) BIA eatpar ctirese serecrs,. DA and AD Comertre 399 of hs metho. The conversion ne canbe 8 Sang ("= 1) lok prods ‘eendng up he agate of nut vlage V, For intance, a Iba yen win T MO cok fequeocy, the couse: Wil ake (2° pn 95 st omer fl sae inp "Tipe aalg inp lag vars wits nee nt signals samples sng «sample hold crcl betes apt the compra Ihe an “ale of he endog volisges repesered by mpaikes andthe cack peo is T seconds, te miioum ner betwen trp nsec 1033, Sravo Taackawe AMD Cowman ‘An improved version of eouting ADC is the ekg or servo cave sown in Fig 1012 @) The cut consists of an uptown ent wit De ‘Sceprior cating he cecson ofthe cous Te analog tpt of te DAC Js Vcd compared wit he anaiog apt Vt op V8 reste than ‘be BAC oupt sal te culpa ofthe eamptr goes igh he cuter |s caused coat vp. The DAC ous incese wi ech neoming clock pulse snd when besos mre tan Vt cauisvene te det snd cos ‘den tol by ooe cou, LSB. Thi ses he rol oct op a he fexateases by 1 LSB. The proces goes on Deng repented end te dial ‘pu changes dak and forts by 2 LS sound he comet vale. As ong 8 "teancog input eoages sowy, te taking AD wil be wit oe LSB he cet vale However wc the atl pat cages rp he ring A/D ‘not Kep up with te cunge amd eroroceus a shown in Fig 10.12 @ ‘The trang ADC. ts the edvetge of teing simp. The cissdvantane, however, he tine need sive a new erveson vale recy repo ert twa hess sia changes 1034, Successive ArrnoxieatioN Convene ‘Tre cessive approximation eniue tes very fier ede serch Seis cappee min reversion nat lac pede. Angi eamveet trol rege eet chk pulses oobi s ga pa Fgue 1013 shows Paige convenes The rat ses eauecateppnination gir SAR) "ofthe requle vaio ac yal sd er. Tecra peer fol. Wi earl ef he STAKT commar, te SAR sls be MSI = ‘witha ober Bist zr o that the sal coe 10M. The cup Y, of The DAC is now computed wit enalog input VV i reser than the DAC. ‘gt V then 1000000 es she ce Sigal epenetatin, The MSB. Siena: eg the ae lower sigaicn bits made 1 an fer ee vere i is ks thane DAC oui, oe 10D reser tan the conet egal presenta. So sc MSI" ago 0n 0 NE next wer Linear nerd Cevice Qed. or Cent Seas pin pce Coup ai ‘ioi}00 ro 1 reeny oie "eR @) Sune pps omenion gun or ig at ‘gna it Ts procedue repeated oa shusuet Bs, one a ine, ‘al pons hae bec le Whenever he DAC oot eats V the ‘ompua hanges at and tec be an athe nd of Conversion (EOC) enmand-Fgue 10.16 (@) dows plea conversion segsencs nd i 1040) Sows the sce wave frm. I ca be nen the fe DYA expt vole ‘exons sucmsely cnet he sul lo opt vate, ht ros eight ses esas he scat clpt eps fhe vale of te sal ip. FHoweve, coe afiona clock puis s wed lal lhe cuatro rei te eee ‘A comparison of the seed of an eight bt king ADC an an eight bit svcceive epprormiion ADC is mate ia Fg 1018; Given the sae Gack a A140) The A opty sen oeome tony doer Ze 12 thor agua cit ie 08 component ecg se pn 1 i { i Frequency, we see athe aking tifa nly fo sl cbges inthe ‘nga In gee. he ucessireapposinatio etnies mare versed ‘perioral eh Greats dane 30 fi, |, Swcesive apprintion ADCs se avible self consined IC. The 'ADISR (Analg Devices Co) 32pm cial ane CMOS package 129 [ND conver rng sucestive pinto fecal UermoRaTiN Tyne oF ADCS ‘Te iterating ype of ADCs Go ot reuit & SH ce tthe opt IF te npc changes urs caves, he ADC ony ce wil be proporona, ‘ore ve of te inp averaged dvr the negro peo, 10348, Cuance BaLaneme ADC The prince a charge locing ADC fst convert he input iat toa equnry wing &votage 0 quency (VP conver Ts eecny 3 ‘en messed by scone sd converted to an tpt eprops i ‘aogpa Te ean aatage of theca hat ts psoas cn ren eit frm ome eon te eu is hat he our of Vi cere depends open an KC pl ‘whose vali cart besa wih tempers atime Te ceva he charge Blancing ADC is eliioaed by the dil sep comer, 10346, Doattors ADC ‘Figure 16.16 (a) shows the functional diagram of the dual-slope or dusl-eenp a [Pager tgs ie 4 sina dtl a AR edn con ‘conver. The nso pr tect consiss a igh nut mpctence bit ‘An preson fnegror and a vollage comprar Tue connec fist (Regt te angi ipl V, fora ace dain o> hock pecs Showa in Fig. 1016 (9). Te ogra elrete volge ¥ oF ‘oppose poarky enti errotpt 2. The nunber Nef cys ‘anced ore negro oo proprio he value of V, vege ‘nc ibe negation poi Hence epee Sse opt ove. Theat ‘pees fom ‘Beto the START cncmand aves, te svich SW, i cone 0 round wt Sw is cline. Ay let volag preset te ay Ay compare foep ae negiton apa aces te apes Car i be veto of te femmparace isahived, fhe ep Cy tu roves aerate competion {bet np et wig ofa ete pies Lae, when SW, ops, Ca acs w a memory too the volage reed wo keep te of le. AL Sb aa the START came a = sant gi pen SH 404 Linear Inert Cris 2 mcage ple counter so tereor the tate resi to 2 fer counting 2 pusce:‘The slg vlage Yl inegrated fr ned nombet 2 cous lok pos afer which the cue ests oer I the lc paid she Step espe fee te hn x on te co a fe downwards 28 sbown in Fig. 10.16 (O). * Paes "he ere no he of he ee 7 an ses 0, comes ters vge (Tn et lg tow tes nti ope. sng tle evi ene ‘Spot st cntlaw ci abe oe cata Hac, ‘iow bcos jut mo tine Fay te coal pe kes ao rr (0 ce sn eet pe cr st ht eines sb prin ea pt -volkage V = “ee hg. 036 6) nan aos ot fa Foro inert, a= URE) Y¢A9 06) ‘The vote, wil be egul 1, lost ond ea be writen wesEURO Yola=4) “The vate sho gen by HR eva =H) sy YD*% 8) Ping the vals of (=n) =e (4) = we Bot Yen=won = vacrae2y 07) The owing opr ewan 2b ae VS ze const be aaog volage Vs pop 1 tbe count eating W cdi aden! of CT 2 "Te dualhpe ADC inertes te Spt sig fo a Gx ine, eae it provides excellent pole tejection of ac signals whose periods are iategral Ded and AD Converters Iruipis of the negation ne TT 2 nie sapernpaed on ep ‘pl sich at 80 fh powerline pileup wilrbe averaged urog the put {igation iene, So como clock period 7,50 ht 27s a9 eat Ine imap often peed (150) Second «20 ‘The mancistvatoge oth cut loge ADC the log caveat. inmost 2-T Swe feet ne pik ph conversion te wi te 20m ‘Dank sloe converse paicly sulle fo accurate meseremen of stowiy varying sigs sos temosouples od weighing scales, Dalope ‘ADC ao form he ba fetal panel ees end melts. ‘Daly cones vale rnin ae avalebiboh samesopncan competed in sepa reed versions. Te fonmet prove ‘aetopl coef iy fora weet dap etd versions preset the ‘pa eodeaferma sulle forthe det Seve of LED dspays. The Dae Tum ICLTIO i e online 124 dslslope ADC wit micopecesr conpetity. pees 4 _Acksstpe ADC us 16k coe ss 4 Meck ate. The esis Input age s10V. Toe manu nero cpu voage sald be-8V Srhen be cate? cele} trough 2 cows. The pace sed in Be ‘Hoge 6 01 yo ad ewe he ete fe tr ‘Solio: Te pnd (4.0 Fg 1016)}= = SSE = 1638.0 TN" Fe rte apace ays 4R Yteto so C-(0V.8 163 05-2047 me 7 ii 20S aa047e=205 0. Ta oir ins he alg sign Vs +4129 Vb the example 104, id tbe valet ipa rane ‘Solution: Ste, Y= Va (V2) ‘Sota oun 2 (VV) = 65536 (4120 V8 V) = 3825 for wich be tay eget 10001000510500 104, DACIADE Spectcations Both IVA and AD converts re avaiaie with wide range of specitiatons. 6 Linear ineprated Cres ‘Te varus impontspecfetons of comers seal specified by the ‘nonscte etal ResoationToe resto o ewer he st chang lo vag which may be produced a be ol! (or np ofthe ener For example, 080i DIA comer has 2-1» 255 equa ners. Hence the sao eg snout voles (1/288) oft fl ale up range. In so, he lees fs the vn af ne LS. % Reston (evs) 11SB increment 105) Bi weve, ention i std io mmbe of siret ways. An Bit DAC ssid bie 2 resltion esta of 0392 pect of fuse 2 reston oft pa in 288, Be Goemae—LSS a wal wnt) LSD ae 0 Val Sale 5 26 ro 92 av ‘Sin. eon ofan AD canes eines the als change ‘colo ip for wns change ae ous. A 9 exp the ope ne ‘fan 821 AD comer died Ito 255 neva So te encoon fir 10V inp exge i 39.22 mV (= 10 Vi255, incr, i nescty ofan AID or D/A covert en pert eae ts cry ad tls show we he ever up i el est steracerssIna MealDAC, qual inert igh nso preci ‘al icena i be elog ouput an the trae cue shold be ner "However in m ati DAC, output votes doa fallen stag ine case of un softer chow by te oi ine carve ia 1017 The sate Pestormane of DAC i deanna by fing i liner the mere ‘upp. Te irr coor mers he deviation of he eal opt on the tea ine andi given by #18 ws shown Sa Fig. 1017, Te ere sly xpi ws fcion of LSB ince pcesig® of lal woe A ‘sid comer exhib a neaty ere of les thn = (12) USB. DA and A.D Comerers 497 M17. ney ee for 348 DAE Accuracy: Above acre) i be mana deviation btwn Ie il canverer opt steal omerr ops Relive sci the ei ‘evan ae gan an eet errs have been removed, Di sees morn ‘pel elaiesoaray ser than sbsokae secrecy The ary ofecomveet ‘Sako speci in tems of LSB nomen or pereie ofl ale wage ‘Montane: A onvtoie DAC ibe one wie oalg opt incre for an bere galing Fig 10.8 repens be taster curve fr 2 non-sontenic DAG, sas th oan eee when inp cove chngs fea 01 9010. A mondnie crc neni a cl apenas ‘ocilitions can ru. In seersve aprainsion ADCS, » nen-nonsone Gorteria leat missing odes ra DAC nat ote moneonte er sbouk! be estan (12) LSB ‘ooh opal Alte commercially avedsbleDACS ae ence bee the leay enor never exceeds = (1/2) 1S a ech ca eve. Seating tine: The st impor yaa parents testing tin. repens the tie cakes forte etpl to sete win speed band 2 G2) LSBotis al vale folowing cove cng tpt aval fall, Scale change) I depents ups nesting te ofthe lope city die 1 ‘vera prt eapctanos and ndacanes Stig tine rings fom 10D 90 10 ys cepeoding on word Jeg ed ype of cea wed Stability. The pertceance of cover changes wit tempers, age sd power suppl rans. Soa hea permet sx af ga, eat {srr and monnoocty must be specie! over tefl tempered pow opi anges 408 Linear Iegrated Cris 1 Es inl Hs Fg 1 A mn ‘A bret overview of ADC and DAC selaon guide ven below A/D coon AD 7S20/AD 730 10-5 binary euipyng pe ‘AD TS21/AD 7331124 biny mulipyng Pe ‘ADC 800 0801 ste. ADC D/A convenes DAC 00/801 siz 8 DAC DAC 080 0831/82 meropmeenior compan 8H DAC DAC 1200/1200 2x DAC DAC 1208/1200/1210 12-9 mioprcemo compte DAC 1, The opt of a DAC can be eer «vaage o ea 2 Amatlying DAC Stbe oo in Wah he slog igi owes to ve. 5 Tre ese cigs fr DIA even ae weight ese DAC, ROR ine nd ioveried RR dee 4 DAC eset eqs: restr, croc vices end a p20 5. Two pes of daly cooled SPDT cectone vlc eo 1 tem poe MOSFET aver, » CMOS Inver, 6. A weighed reser DAC rue wide range of eto vale or beter resotion wheres a R2R ler type DAC reqs only 0 Inn ievered RAR ln, he cui Ugh eens es conulant nreapective Of the input dota. Toe constut node wollagss’ DA and AD Comerers 408 role cimite Sty cpaciunce tet snd iaprowe cea 8. Mooatitie DACS fr 101214 so 16 bt elton are aah 8. AD eomeres ae eter Gist ype oad! ype, Mast it pe [ADCS require 2 DIA conser 10, The port rect ADC tonics at: Feral comparator (sh), Counting type, Taking type and Succes aprons ecg 11. Iegrating type ADCs perm convene io an lait nae. The ‘mo npc converters ate Charge blaneing ADC, Dal slop ADC: 12. The pall conprnior ADC ithe ate fatigue. Buti hs oe isodianag of sng tina Mra. A conting type A/D convene bis low speed wit coven ine as longa (21) lok pes for ‘MDWADC. tacking ADC imple but eer whe ag igh anges ily. 13, Stcaive spyroximation pe ADC the mot vei complies ‘mbit one in just m- ook proc, Most monlihe ADCS exe Srexsivespporaton pe 1M. Dus slope conver are Sulable fer precesesurenet of slowly varying sigs All digit volte use Gatstpe ADC. Toe

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