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P N THI HC K I MN TON LP 12 NM HC 2011 2012

Bi

im

p n
a. (1,5 im) Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s.
x2
y
C .
x 3
Tp xc nh: D \ 3.
S bin thin:
Gii hn v tim cn: lim y lim y 1 Tim cn ngang: y 1.
x

0,5

lim y ; lim Tim cn ng x 3.

x 3

x 3

5
hm s nghch bin trn
2 0 x D
x 3
cc khong ;3 v 3; .
Bng bin thin:
Chiu bin thin: y ' x

y'
y

0,5

1
1

Bi 1
(3,5
im)

th:

0,5
Nhn xt: th hm s nhn giao
im ca 2 ng tim cn lm tm
i xng.
b. (1 im) Khong cch n TC bng 2 ln n TCN

5
Gi s M x0 ;1
C , x0 3 . Khi : Khong cch t M n TC
x

d2

d1

1.x0 3
2

1 0

x0 3 .

1
0.x0 1
1
x0 3
0 2 12

Khong

cch

TCN

l
0,5

5
.
x0 3

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Theo gi thit ta c d1 2d 2 x0 3

10
2
x0 3 10.
x0 3

10
10
x0 3 10 M 3 10;1
hoc M 3 10;1
.
2
2

c. (1 im) Bin lun s nghim ca phng trnh

D thy x 3 khng l nghim nn phng trnh tng ng vi
x2
m
. S nghim ca phng trnh chnh l s giao im ca ng
x 3
x2
.
thng y m v th C ' ca hm s y
x 3

x 2
, x3
x 2 x 3
Ta c: y

, do C ' c suy ra t C bng cch:

x3 x2

, x3
x 3
Gi nguyn phn th C ng vi x 3; ly i xng phn th ca C
ng vi x 3 qua Ox. Ta c th C ' nh hnh v.
T hnh v suy ra:
* Vi m 1: Phng trnh v
nghim.
* Vi 1 m 1: Phng trnh c
nghim duy nht.
* Vi m 1: Phng trnh c 2
nghim phn bit.
Ghi ch: Hc sinh khng lp lun
suy ra th C ' th khng
cho im ti a.

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a. (1 im) Gii phng trnh

2

Phng trnh tng ng 25.252 x x 9.92 x x 34.152 x x

25
25.
15
5
t t
3
Bi 2
(2
im)

2 x x 2

2 x x2

t 1 t

9
9.
15

2 x x 2

5
34 25
3

2 x x2

3

5

2 x x 2

34 0

9
0 PT tr thnh: 25t 34 0 25t 2 34t 9 0
t

9
.
25

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5
t 1
3

2 x x 2

9
5
t

25 3

x 0
1 2 x x2 0
.
x

2 x x 2

5

3

0,5

2
2

2 x x 2 x 2 x 2 0 x 1 3.

Kt lun PT c 4 nghim: x 0;2;1 3 .

b.(1 im) Gii phng trnh
iu kin x 0.
t t log 3 x, phng trnh tr thnh: 3 x 5 t 2 9 x 19 t 12 0 .
5
Trng hp 1: x : Phng trnh v nghim.
3
5
2
2
Trng hp 2: x : Ta c 9 x 19 48 3 x 5 9 x 11 .
3
4
.
Khi phng trnh c 2 nghim t 3; t
3x 5
1
t 3 log3 x 3 x 33 .
27
4
4
t
log 3 x
.
3x 5
3x 5
4
5
Cch 1: Xt hm s f x log3 x
vi 0 x .
3x 5
3
0
5/ 3

x
1
12
f ' x

x ln3 3 x 52 f '

f x
5
00 x .
3
Mt khc:

lim f

lim f ; lim f .
x

5
3

5
3

T BBT d thy phng trnh f x 0 lun c 2 nghim phn bit.

1
Mt khc f 3 f 0 nn phng trnh f x 0 ch c hai nghim
3
1
x 3; x .
3
Cch 2:
5
1
5
TH 1: Nu 0 x : Th hm s ng bin trn 0; v do f 0 nn
3
3
3
3

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1
PT c nghim x .
3
5

5
TH 2: Nu x : Khi f cng l hm ng bin trn ; v do
3
3

f 3 0 nn PT c nghim x 3.
1 1
Kt lun: PT c 3 nghim x 3; ; .
3 27
Gi H l trung im ca AB th SH l
ng cao ca hnh chp S.ABCD.
a 3
ABC u, cnh a nn SH
.
2
Th tch hnh chp l
1
1 a 3 2
Vs. ABCD SH .S ABCD .
.a
3
3 2
a3 3

(vtt).
6
b.(1 im) Xc nh tm v bn knh nt cu ngoi tip
Gi O l tm ca hnh vung ABCD, ng thng d qua O v vung gc vi
(ABCD). D thy d SHO . Gi G l trng tm ABC , qua G k ng
thng vung gc vi ABC , ng thng ny ct d ti I, I l tm mt
cu ngoi tip hnh chp S.ABCD. Tht vy, theo cch dng nn
IA IB IC ID ; m I thuc trc ca SAB IS IA IB , vy I l tm
mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp.
Gi R l bn knh mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp th R IA. Tam gic AOI
1
1a 3 a 3

;
vung O, c cnh gc vung IO GH SH
3
3 2
6

a 2 a 2 a 21
AC a 2
2
2
OA

. Do R IA OA OI

2
2
2 12
6
c.(1 im) T s din tch mt cu v mt nn
21a 2 7 a 2
2
Din tch mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp l SC 4 R 4 .

36
3
(vtt). ng trn ngoi tip hnh vung ABCD c tm O v bn knh
a 2
r OA
. y cng chnh l bn knh ng trn y ca hnh nn
2

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Din tch ton phn ca hnh nn l: S N rl r 2 r l r

2
a 2 a 5 a 2 a 2 10

(vdt).

2 2
2
4

0,5

2
SC 7 a 2 a 2 10
28
T s cn tm l

.
SN
3
4
6 3 10

d .(1 im) Tm x th tch bng nhau

V CD / / SAB CDM ct SAB
theo giao tuyn song song vi CD.
T M, k MN / / CD, N SB hnh
thang MNCD l thit din ca hnh chp
v CDM .
D thy SAC chia hnh chp thnh
2 phn c th tch bng nhau v bng
1
V , (V l th tch hnh chp S.ABCD).
2

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Gi V1 l th tch ca hnh chp S .MNCD , V2 l th tch phn cn li (ca

hnh chp S.ABCD sau khi ct bi CDM ). Khi ta c:
V1 V2 V
V1
V
VS .MDC
V
1 S .MNC
1
V1 . Tc l ta c:

V
V
V
2
1
2
S . ABC
S . ABC
V
V
1
S .MNC S .MDC 1 (V VS . ABC VS . ADC V ).
VS . ABC VS . ADC
2
SM SN SC SM SD SC
SM SN

. .

. .
1
1 1

SA SB SC SA SD SC
SA SB

0,5

3 5 a
SM SM
SM
5 1
ax
5 1

SA SA
SA
2
a
2
2

Vy, vi x

3 5 a th CDM chia hnh chp thnh 2 phn c th tch

2

bng nhau.
Cch 1:
D thy x 0 khng l nghim nn PT tng ng:

4x x2 2
4x x2 2
m
. Xt hm s f x
trn min D 0;4 .
x
x
Ta c f ' x

2 4x x2 2x
x

4x x

f ' x 0 x 2.

0,5

Ch rng :
5

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lim f x .

x 0

T BBT suy ra iu kin

cn v PT c 2
nghim phn bit l
1
m 0.
2

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x
0
f'

2
0

0
f x

1
2

Cch :2

Bi 5
(0,5
im)

Xt hm s y 4 x x 2 C trn

2x

0;4 . Ta c y '

2x x
bin thin nh hnh v:

S nghim ca PT chnh l
s giao im ca ng
thng d : y mx 2 v
th C . rng d c h
s gc m v lun i qua
im A 0;2 c nh.

0,25

; Ta c bng

x 0
y'

2
0
2

y
0

Gi (c h s gc k ) l tip tuyn i qua A ca C . Ta c

: y k x 0 2 hay : y kx 2. l tip tuyn khi v ch khi h

kx 2 4 x x 2
1

2 x x2
Thay 2 vo 1 :
2 4x x2

2x
2
4x x2
k y ' x
2

4x 2x
x 2 k 0 : y 2.
Mt khc C Ox ti 2 im O 0;0 , B 4;0 . Khi PT ng thng

AB l AB : 4 2 1 hay AB : y 2 x 2. Vy, iu kin cn v

PT c 2 nghim phn bit l ng thng d nm gia hai ng thng
1
v AB m 0.
2

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