Mcquiston Filename: 204242425-Mcquiston-Heating-Ventilating-Air-Conditioning-6th-SolutionsHeating Ventilating Air Conditioning 6th Solutions

SOLUTION MANUAL
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for
testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been
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Requests for permission or further information should be addressed to the Permission Department, John
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Chapter 1
1-1
(a) 98 Btu/(hr-ft-F) x1.7307 = 170 W/(m-K)

(b) 0.24 Btu/(Ibm-F) x4186.8=1.0 kJ/kg-K
(c)
0.04 Ibm/(ft-hr)
Ns
x1.488 = 16.5
3600 sec/hr
m2
(d) 1050
Btu
J
1
2.20462 Ibm
MJ
x
x
=
2.44
Ibm 9.48x104 Btu
kg
kg
(e) 12,000
(f) 14.7
1-2
Ibf
in2
Btu
1
x
= 3.52 kW
Ibm 3.412
x 6894.76 = 101 kPa
(a) 120 kPa x
(b) 100
(c) 0.8
lbf / in2
= 17.4 lbf/in2
6.89476kPa
W
x 0.5778 = 57.8 Btu/hr-ft-F
m K
W
2
m K
x 0.1761 = 0.14 Btu/hr-ft2-F
(d) 10-6 N-s/m2 x
1
lbm
= 6.7 x 10-7
1.488
ft sec
(e) 1200 kW x 3412 = 4.1 x 10-6 Btu/hr
(f) 1000
1-3
1-4
1 Btu
1 kg
Btu
kJ
x
x
= 430
1.055 kJ 2.2046 lbm
lbm
kg
Hp = 50 (ft) x 0.3048 (
m
) = 15.2 m
ft
P =
15.2 m
9.807 N
x
( ) x 1000 (kg/m3) = 149 kPa
1000 Pa/kPa
1
kg
P =
m
kg
4
9.807 N
(ft) x 0.3048 ( ) x
( ) x 1000 ( 3 )
ft
12
1
kg
m
P = 996 Pa 1.0 kPa

1-5
TOTAL BILL = ENERGY CHARGE + DEMAND CHARGE
+ METER CHARGE
( 96,000 )
kw - hrs ( 0.045 ) $ / kw hr + ( 624 ) kw (11 50 ) $ / kw
+ $68 = $4,320 + $7,176 + $68 = $11,564
1-6
7 AM to 6 PM
(11)
11 hrs/day, 5 days/wk
hrs
days
(22)
= 242 hrs / month
day
months
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.
ratio =
1-7
( 624 ) kw
= 1.57
( 96,000 ) kw hr
242
hr
(
)
This is a trial and error solution since eq. 1-1 cannot be solved
explicitly for i.
Answer converges at just over 4.2% using eq. 1-1
1-8 Determine present worth of savings using eq. 1-1
$1000
(
) 1
P=
0.012
1+
12
(12 )(12 )
0.012
12
P = $134,000
1-9
= VA = 2 x 3.08 x 10-3 = 6.16 x 10-3m3/s

(a) Q
= 6.16 x 10-3 x 998 = 6.15 kg/s
= Q
m
(b) A=
(0.3)2 = 7.07 x 10-2 m2
= 7.07x10-2 x 4 = 0.283 m3 / s; = 1.255 kq/m3

Q
= 1.225 x 0.283 = 0.347 kg/s
m
1-10
V = 3x10x20 = 600m3
= 600 x 1 x 1 = 4.17 x 10-2 m3/s

Q
i
4 3600
1-11
p T
q = mc
c p = 4.183 kJ/(kg-K)
= 983.2 kg/m3
1-11 (contd)
3
q = (1) m ( 983.2 ) kg ( 4.183 ) kJ ( 5 )c = 20,564 kJ
s
kg K
s
m3
q = 20,564 kw
1-12
q wat = q air
11,200(1)(10) =
5000x60x14.7x144x0.24(t 2 50)
(53.35x510)
11,200 = 5601.5 (t2-50); t2 = (11,200/5601.5) + 50 = 70 F

1-13 Diagram as in 1-12 above.
q wat = - q air
1.5 (4186)(90-t2) = 2.4 (1.225)(1.0)(30-20)(1000)
6279(90-t2) = 29,400
5
t2 = 90 -
29,400
= 85.3 C
6279
1-14 q = hA(ts- t )
A= (1/12) x 10 = 2.618 ft2
t s = t 212 F
sur
q = 10x2.618x(212-50) = 4241 Btu/hr
1-15
A= x 0.25x4 = 3.14 16 m2
q = hA(ts- t )
q
1250
=
; h = 4.42 W/(m2 C)
h=
A(t s -t ) 3.1416(100 10)
x
=Q
p (t2-t1) ; m
1-16 q = mc
= P/RT = 14.7x144/53.35(76+460)
= 0.074 lbm/ft3
= 5000x0.074x60 = 22,208 lbm/hr
m
c p = 0.24 Btu/lbm-F
q = 22,208x0.24(58-76) = -95,939 Btu/hr
Negative sign indicates cooling
1cp (t3-t1) +
1-17 m
2cp2 (t3-t2) = 0
m
c p1 = c p2
t3 =
1t1 +
(m
1+
(m
2t 2 )
m
2)
m
= 1000x
1 = Q
m
2 1
14.7x144
= 73.5 lbm/min
53.35(460 + 50)
1-17 (contd)
= 600x
2 =Q
m
2 2
t3 =
14.7x144
= 46.7 lbm/min
53.35(460 + 50)
(73.5x80) + (46.7 x 50)

= 68.3 F
(73.5 + 46.7)
7
Chapter 2
2-1 through 2-20
Solutions are not furnished since many acceptable responses exist
for each problem. It is not expected that the beginning student can handle
these questions easily. The objective is to make the student think about
the complete design problem and the various functions of the system.
These problems are also intended for use in class discussions to enlarge
the text material.
Chapter 3
3-1
(a) Pv = r Ps = 0.45(3.17)kPa = 1.43 kPa or 0.45(0.435) = 0.196 psia

Pa = 101 1.43 = 99.57 kPa or 14.696-0.196 = 14.5 psia
(b)
P
1430
Pv
= 0.0104 kg/m3
= RvT or v = v ; v =
Rv T
462.5(297)
v
0.196(144)
= 0.00062 lbv/ft3
85.78(535)
or
(c) W =
or
3-2
0.6219 (1.43)
= 0.00893 kgv/kga
(99.57)
0.6219(0.196)
= 0.00854 lbv/lba
14.5
(a) English Units t = 80F; P = 14.696 psia;

Pv = 0.507 psia Table A-1a
W = 0.6219
Pv
0.6219 (0.507)
=
= 0.0222 lbv/lba
Pa (14.696 0.507)
i = 0.24t + W(1062.2 + 0.444t)

i = 0.24 (80) + 0.0222[1061.2 + 0.444(80)] = 43.55 Btu/lbm
Ra T
53.35(460 + 80)
=
= 13.61 ft3/lbm
Pa
(14.696 0.507)144
v=
(b) English Units 32F, 14.696 psia

Pv = 0.089 psia (Table A-1)
3-2 (contd)
W=
0.6219(0.089)
lbmv
= 0.00379
(14.696 0.089)
lbma
i = 0.24(32) + 0.00379 [1061.2 + 0.444(32)] = 11.76 Btu/lbma
53.35(492)
= 12.48 ft3/lbma
(14.696 0.089)144
v=
3-2
(a) SI Units 27C; 101.325 kPa

Pv = 3.60 kPa, Table A-1b
W = 0.6219
Pv
0.6219(3.6)
kgv
=
= 0.0229
Pa (101.325 3.6)
kga
i = 1.0t + W(2501.3 + 1.86t) kJ/kga

i = 27 + 0.0229(2501.3 + 1.86 x 27) = 85.43 kJ / kga
v=
Ra T
0.287(300)
=
=0.88 m3 /kga
Pa
(101.325 - 3.6)
(b) SI Units 0.0C; 101.325 kPa

W=
0.6219(0.61)
=0.00377 kgv/kga
(101.325 - 0.61)
i = 0.0 + 0.00377 (2501.3 1.86 x 0.0) = 9.42 kJ/kga
0.287(273)
= 0.778 m3 /kga
(101.325 - 0.61)
v=
3-3
(a) English Units 5000 ft elevation, P = 12.24 psia = 24.92 in.Hg

t = 80 F; Pv = 0.507 psia (Table A-1a)
W = 0.6219
Pv
0.6219(0.507)
=
= 0.0269 lbv/lba
Pa
(12.24 - 0.507)
i = 0.24(80) + 0.0269 [1061.2 + 0.444(80)] = 48.7 Btu/lbma

v=
RaT
53.35(540)
=
= 17.05 ft3 / lbma
Pa
(12.24 - 0.507) 144
(b) English Units t = 32 F, Pv = 0.089 psia ( Table A-1a)

W=
0.6219(0.089)
= 0.00456 lbmv/lbma
(12.24 0.089)
i = 0.24(32) + 0.00456 [1061.2 + 0.444(32)] =12.58 Btu/lbma

v=
3-3
53.35(492)
= 15.00 ft3/lbma
(12.24 0.089)144
(a) SI Units -27 C, 1500 m elevation

P = 99.436 + 1500(-0.01) = 84.436 kPa
10
W=
0.6219x3.60
= 0.0277 kgv/kga
(84.436 3.60)
i = 27 + 0.0277 (2501.3 + 1.86 x 27) = 97.68 kJ/kga
3-3 (contd)
v=
0.287x300
(84.436 - 3.60)
= 1.065 m3 / kga
(b) SI Units 0.0C; 1500m or 84.436 kPa

Pv = 0.61 kPa; Table A-1b
W=
0.6219 x 0.61
= 0.00453 kgv / kga
(84.436 - 0.61)
i = 0.0 + 0.00453 (2501.3 0.0 x 1.86) = 11.33 kJ / kga

v=
3-4 (a)
0.287 x 273
= 0.935 m3 / kga
(84.436 - 0.61)
English Units 70F, Pv = 0.363 psia
Pv = Pg = 0.75(0.363) = 0.272 psia

W=
0.6219 (0.272)
(14.696 - 0.272)
= 0.0117 lbmv / lbma
i = 0.24 (70) + 0.0117 [1061.2 + 0.444 (70)] = 29.58 Btu / lbma

(b) Pv = 0.75 (0.363) = 0.272 psia; P = 12.24 psia
11
W=
0.6219 (0.272)
= 0.0141 lbmv / lbma
(12.24 - 0.272)
i = 0.24(70) + 0.0141 [1061.2 + 0.444 (70)] = 32.20 Btu/ lbma

3-4
SI Units
(a) 20C, 75% RH, Sea Level
3-4 (contd)
Ps = 2.34 kPa; Pv = 0.75 x 2.34 = 1.755 kPa
W=
0.6219 x 1.755
= 0.0110 kgv / kga
(101.325 - 1.755)
i = 1.0 t + W(2501.3 + 1.86t)

i = 20 + 0.0110(2501.3 + 1.86 x 20) = 47.92 kJ / kga
(b)
20C, 75% RH, 1525m

P = 99.436 0.01 x 1525 = 84.186 kPa
Ps = 2.34 KPa; Pv = 0.75 x 2.34 = 1.755 kPa
W=
0.6219 x 1.755
= 0.0132 kgv / kga
(84.186 - 1.755)
i = 20 + 0.0132(2501.3 + 1.86 x 20) = 53.51 kJ / kga

3-5 English Units
t = 72 Fdb; = 50 %; P = 14.696 psia
Pv
or Pv = Ps ; Pv = 0.5(0.3918) = 0.196 psia
Ps
12
Air dewpoint = saturated temp. at 0.196 psia = 52.6 F
Moisture will condense because the glass temp.
40 F is below the dew point temp.
3-5
SI Units t = 22C ; 50% ; P = 100 kPa

Pv = Ps ; Pv = 0.5(2.34) = 1.17 kPa
3-5 (contd)
Air dewpoint = sat.temp. at 1.17 kPa = 9.17 C
Glass temp. of 4 C is below the dewpoint of 9.17 C, therefore,
moisture will ccondense on the glass
3-6 English Units (a) At 55F, 80% RH, va = 13.12 ft3 / lba and a = 0.0752 lbma / ft3
a = 5000 (0.0762) = 381 lbma / min = 22,860 lbma / hr

m
(b) Using PSYCH a = 0.0610 lbma / ft3 or va = 16.4 ft3 / lba
a = 5000 (0.061) = 305 lbma / min

m
= 18,300 lbma / hr
3-6 SI Units
(a) t = 13 C and relative humidity 80%
a = 2.36 / 0.82 = 2.88 kga / s

then va 0.820 m3 / kga; m
(b) Assuming same conditions
a = 2.36 / 0.985 = 2.40 kga / s

v a = 0.985 m3 / kga ; m
13
3-7 English Units t = 80F, 60% RH

(a) Pv = Ps = 0.6 (0.507) = 0.304 psia
t dp = (t sat @ Pv ) = 64.5 F
(b) Same as (a) above
3-7 SI Units
(a) 27 C, 60% RH, Sea Level
Ps = 3.57 kPa; Pv = 0.6 x 3.57 = 2.14 kPa
t dp =(t sat at Pv ) 18.4 C

(b) Same as (a) above
3-8 t dp 9C (48F)
42% ;
W 0.0071 kgv / kga (lbv / lba)
Chart 1a & 1b
14
ASHRAE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NO.1

R
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS, INC.
SEA LEVEL
1.0
60
55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 29.921 INCHES OF MERCURY
Copyright 1992
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
15
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2. 0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
TOTAL HEAT
5000
3000
0 .5
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
-2.
0. 4
0
200
0 .1
0.2
-0 .1
-0 .2
15
00
-8
-4 .0.0
0
45
85
WE
T
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
.026
.0
0 .8
50
0
80
.024
BU
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
40
RE
- F
.022
1 000
80
.020
'h
ENTHALPY
HU MIDITY RATIO
'W
75
35
50
14 .5
.018
ER
PO
TE
N
TI
O
.014
HUMIDITY RATIO - POUN DS MOISTURE PER PO UND DRY AIR
A
R
TU
SA
25
%
90
ME
%
60
-C
60
.5
50
%
50
45
A IR
40
35
W=0.0071
13
45
15
Room
4 0%
40
1 3.
30 %
35
20 %
1 2.
10
3-9
48 (9)
15
72 (22)
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
Y
I VE H UMIDIT
10% RE LAT
45
.012
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
115
55
RY
.D
LB
ER
50
T. P
dp
U.F
42 %
%
70
DR Y BUL B T EMPERAT UR E - F
80
55
LU
VO
20
1 4 .0
65
60
12 0
R
PE
U
-B
T
Y
AL
P
70
65
TH
.016
TU
30
Problem 3-8
IR
75
70
25
ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND OF DRY AIR
(a,b,d) Using the Properties option of PSYCH:

Relative Humidity = 0.59 or 59%
Enthalpy = 30.4 Btu/lbma
Humidity Ratio = 0.0114 lbu/lba
(c) Again using the Properties option
At W=0.0114 lbv/lba; RH = 1.00 or 100%
The dew point = tdb or twb = 59.9 F
30
15
3-9 (contd)
(e) Using the Density of Dry Air option:
Mass Density = 0.070 lba/ft3
3-10
Using program PSYCH

(a) tdb = 102.6; twb = 81.1F
75 Fdb; 65 fwb; 14.2 psia
= 58.7 lbm/hr
(b) m
2 = 1027 cfm
Q
3-11
t1 = 80 / 67 F; t2 = 55 F and sat.; assume std. barometer

(a) W1 W2 = 0.0112 0.0092 = 0.002 lbv / lba
(b) ql = 31.5 - 29.3 = 2.2 Btu / lba
(c) qs = 29.3 23.2 = 6.1 Btu / lba
(d) q = ql + qs = 8.3 Btu / lba
3-12
(a) W2* =
W1 =
0.6219 (0.3095)
= 0.0134 kgv / kga
(14.696 0.3095)
0.24 (65 - 80) + ( 0.0134 x 1056.5)
= 0.00993 lbv / lba
(1096 - 33)
also W1 = 0.6219 Pv1 / (P Pv1)

16
Pv1 = (0.00993 x 14.696) / ( 0.6219 + 0.00993) = 0.231 psia
3-12 (contd)
0.231
= 0.46 or 46%
0.507
1 =
(b) P = 29.42 (0.0009 x 5000) = 24.92 in.Hg. or P = 12.24 psia
W2* =
0.6219 x (0.3095)
= 0.01613 lbv/lba
(12.24 - 0.3095)
0.24(65 80) + (0.01613 x 1056.5)

= 0.01265 lbv / lba
( 1096 - 33)
or kgv / kga
W1 =
Pv1 = 0.01265 x 12.24 / ( 0.6219 + 0.01265) = 0.244 psia
1 =
3-13
0.244
= 0.48 or 48%
0.507
(a) Sea Level
Dry
Bulb, F
Wet
Bulb, F
85
75
74.6
88.6
100
60
59.6
65.1
70
85.8
Dew
point
F
40.6
49.2
60.1
60.9
81.7
Humid.
Ratio, lba/lbv
0.0053
0.0074
0.0111
0.01143
0.0235
Mass
Enthalpy
Rel.
Density
Btu/lba Humid., %
lba/ft3
26.6
21
0.072
26.1
40
0.073
30
60
0.073
33.8
40
0.071
50
56
0.068
17
(a) 5000 ft.
Dry
Bulb, F
Wet
Bulb, F
85
75
71.2
102.7
100
60
58.6
61.6
70
81.3
Dew
point
F
45.1
49.2
56.7
55.8
76.1
Humid.
Ratio, lba/lbv
0.0076
0.0089
0.0118
0.01143
0.0235
Mass
Enthalpy
Rel.
Density
Btu/lba Humid., %
lba/ft3
28.7
25
0.060
27.7
40
0.061
30
60
0.061
37.3
22
0.058
50
47
0.057
(c) Note effect of barometric pressure.
18
3-14
55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIG ERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
SEA LEVEL
1.0
1 .0
60
50
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0 .8
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2.0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
-2.
0. 4
0
200
0 .1
0.2
-0 .1
-0 .2
15
00
-8
-4 .0.0
0
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1
.0
.026
45
85
50
0
WE
T
80
.024
BU
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
40
RE
- F
.022
1 000
80
.020
'h
ENTHAL PY
HU MIDITY RAT IO
'W
75
35
50
14 .5
.018
R
ER
PO
TE
N
TI
O
.014
HUMIDITY RATIO - POUN DS MOISTURE PER POUND DRY AIR
A
R
TU
SA
25
.0 V
%
90
Max RH=49.6 %
ME
%
60
-C
U.F
60
13
50
40
%
50
45
35
IR
YA
.5
45
15
W=0.0083
Room
4 0%
40
30%
1 3.
0
35
20 %
3-15
52 (11)
15
72 (22)
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
10
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
70
1 2.
10% RE LAT
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
Use Chart 1b, SI
(i1 i2 ) =
(b) q = m
.012
25
(a) td = 10 C; SHF = 0.62

2.4
(57.1 - 34) = 63.95 kJ / s = 63.95 k W
0.867
q s = 63.95 (0.62) = 39.65 kW

3-15
45
.002
115
55
dp
R
B. D
RL
PE
50
T.
%
70
DR Y BUL B T EMPERATUR E - F
80
55
U
OL
20
14
65
60
12 0
R
PE
U
-B
T
Y
AL
P
70
65
TH
.016
30
TU
Problem 3-14
IR
75
70
Use Chart 1a, IP

(a) td = 52 F; SHF = 0.63
30
19
3-15 (contd)
5000(60)
(32 - 22.6)= 203,317. Btu/hr
13.87
q =
(b)

55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
90
SEA LEVEL
1.0
1 .0
60
50
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0 .8
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2.0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
-2.
0. 4
0
200
0 .1
0.2
-0 .1
-0 .2
15
00
-8
-4 .0.0
0
85
WE
T
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
.026
45
50
0
80
.024
BU
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
40
RE
- F
.022
1 000
80
.020
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
'W
75
35
50
14 .5
.018
IR
75
R
TU
TI
O
A
R
U
-B
T
TU
25
SA
AL
P
.014
L B.
ER
55
%
DR
1 3 .5
4 0%
40
1 3.
30%
35
20 %
52 (10) 55 (13)
15
20
80 (27)
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
10
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
70
1 2.
10% RE LAT
.012
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
115
%
50
IR
YA
50
45
35
T. P
45
40
U.F
%
70
60
15
60
-C
ADP
ME
80
LU
VO
%
90
55
50
1 4 .0
65
60
20
45
65
TH
70
PE
TE
PO
ER
30
.016
70
Problem 3-15
12 0
30
25
q s = 203,317 (0.63) = 128,089. Btu/hr

3-16
(a) i1 = 30 Btu / lba; v1 = 13.78 ft3 / lba; W = 0.0103
lbv
; 1 = 50%
lba
(b) i1 = 51.6 kJ / kga

v1 = 0.86 m3 / kga
20
3-16 (contd)
W1 = 0.0103
kgv
kga
1 = 50%
3-17
Use the Heat Transfer option of program PSYCH:
q = 148,239 Btu/hr
q s = 102,235 Btu/hr
SHF = 0.69
3-18 Use the Heat Transfer option of program PSYCH for sensible heat
transfer only:
q s = 178,911 Btu/hr
Negative sign indicates heating.
3-19 Use the program PSYC to compute the various

properties at 85/68 F; sea level and
6000 ft elevation.
Elevation
ft
0
6000
Enthalpy
Btu/lbm
32.2
36.3
Rel. Hum
percent
42
45
Hum. Ratio
lbv/lba
0.0107
0.0144
Density
lba/ft3
0.072
0.058
a = 5000 x 0.072 x 60 = 21,600 lba/hr

At sea level: m
21
3-19 (contd)
a = 5000 x 0.057 x 60 = 17,100 lba/hr

At 6000 feet:: m
Percent Decrease at 6000 ft:
PD =
3-20
(21,600 17,100)100
= 20.8%
21,600
Use the program PSYC to compute the heat transfer

rates at 1000 and 6000 feet elevation:
(a) at 1000 ft, q = 200,534 Btu/hr
= 190,224 Btu/hr
(b) at 6000 ft, q
(c) PD =
(200,534 190,224)100
= 5.1 %
200,543
3-21 (a) English Units

PB = 29.92 in.Hg. ; q = 0
i
= iw = 180.2 + 0.8 (970.2)
W
iw = 956.4 Btu / lbv
From chart 1a; t2 = 91.5 F
22

55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
90
SEA LEVEL
1.0
1 .0
60
50
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0 .8
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2.0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
TOTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
-8
-4 .0.0
-2.0
0.4
0
200
0 .1
0.2
-0 .1
-0 .2
15
00
85
WE
T
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
.026
45
50
0
80
.024
BU
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
40
RE
- F
.022
1 000
80
.020
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDITY RATIO
'W
75
35
50
14 .5
O
D
ER
PO
TE
N
70
TI
O
.014
A
R
TU
SA
25
14
65
.0 V
ME
%
60
-C
U.F
55
60
.5
50
%
50
45
A IR
40
35
%
13
45
15
RY
.D
LB
ER
50
T. P
%
70
4 0%
40
30%
1 3.
0
35
20 %
15
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
75
10
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
70
1 2.
10% RE LAT
.012
.010
.006
35
.004
.002
25
91.5 (32) 98 (38)
3-21 (a)
SI Units
PB = 101.325 kPa
i
= iw = 419.04 + (0.8 x 2257)
W
iW = 2224.6 kJ / kg
From chart 1b; t2 = 32 C
(b) Use Humidification (adiabatic) option to obtain 91.5 F db.
3-22
40
.008
115
80
55
U
OL
%
90
DR Y BULB T EMPERATUR E - F
60
20
45
65
R
PE
U
-B
T
Y
AL
P
.016
TH
60 %
TU
Problem 3-21
70
IR
75
30
.018
12 0
PB = 29.92 in.Hg.; q = 0
(a) Using chart 1a
30
23
3-22 (contd)
i
= iw = 1090 Btu / lbm
W
From table A-1
i-if
1090 - 196.1
=
ifg
960.1
x=
x = 0.931 or about 93 %
(b)
x will be the same

R
90
AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING , REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIO NING ENGINEERS, INC.
SEA LEVEL
1.0
1 .0
60
55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
50
.028
60
85
15
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2.0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
0. 4
0
200
0 .1
15
00
-0 .1
-0 .2
0.2
.026
45
85
WE
T
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
4 .0
8 .0

-8
-4 .0.0
-2.
0
Qs
Qt
.0
0 .8
50
0
80
.024
BU
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
40
1090
RE
- F
.022
1 000
80
.020
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDIT Y RATIO
'W
75
35
50
14 .5
.018
R
A
ER
PO
TE
N
70
TI
O
.014
HUMI DITY RATIO - POUN DS MOISTURE PER POUND DRY AIR
A
R
TU
SA
25
%
90
ME
60
-C
U.F
55
IR
%
50
YA
.5
50
45
DR
13
45
40
35
4 0%
40
1 3.
30%
35
20 %
15
80
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
5
10
Y
I VE H UM IDIT
70
1 2.
10% RE LAT
.012
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
115
60
15
L B.
ER
50
T. P
%
70
80
55
LU
VO
20
65
60
1 4 .0
60
45
65
12 0
R
PE
U
-B
T
Y
AL
P
TH
.016
TU
30
Problem 3-22
IR
75
70
25
30
24
3-23 Assume PB = 101.325 kPa; q = 0
i
272.1
= iw =
kJ / kg
W
1000
iw = 0.272 (on scale)
t2 = 22.6 C
11 0
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: 101.325 kPa
Copyright 1992
30
SEA LEVEL
10 0
0.7
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
10 .0
0.5
1 .0
1 .5
2. 0
-5. 0
4 .0
Qs
Qt
0.0
80
1 .0
EM
PE
R
24
AT
UR
E-
11 0
22
0 .9
5.0
4. 0
0 .1
WE
TB
UL
BT
-0.2
0.2
30
0.272
-4.0
-2
.0
-0 .5
0. 3
-1
.0
12 0
26
90
-2.0
0. 4
0 .8
28
30
0 .9
1.0
12
2 .0
3 .0
2.5
70
25
20
'h
ENTHALPY
HU MIDITY RAT IO
'W
10 0
25
18
16
O
F
TU
20
A
EM
ER
20
A
R
TU
SA
HUMI DITY RATIO - GRAM S M OISTURE PER KI LOGR AM D RY AIR
TI
O
P
J
-K
LP
Y
A
E
20
80 %
0 .8
40
TH
14
90
90
15
%
80
0 .8
6V
15
U
OL
-C
UB
IC M
0%
4
0. 8
10
ET
ER
0 .8
3 0%
YA
IR
20
22.6
30
38
70
60
40
ENTHALPY - KJ PER KILOGRAM OF DRY AIR
For adia. humidification

(a)
80
10
40
20
15
10
10
HU MID ITY
25
0 .7
IVE
10% RE LAT
35
0 .8
20 %
30
10
R
gD
Rk
PE
40 %
3-24
ME
%
60
20
45
70
10
D RY BU LB TEMPERA TU RE - C
30
12
50
50
IL
O
G
AM
Problem 3-23
0 .9
AI
R
60
i
= iw = 1131 Btu / lbw
W
50
25
3-24 (contd)
a (i2 - i1)
q c = m
a = 2000 x 60 / 13.14
m
a = 9132 lba / hr
m
i1 = 18.1 Btu / lba ; i2 = 29.7 Btu / hr

q c = 9132 (29.7 - 18.1) = 105,931 Btu / hr
w = m
a (W3 - W2 ) ; W3 = 0.0167; W2 = 0.0032 lbv/lba
m
w = 9132 (0.01 67 - 0.0032) = 123.3 lbw / hr

m
26

55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
90
SEA LEVEL
1.0
1 .0
60
50
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0 .8
-200 0
-1 00 0
2.0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
-4 .0.0
-2.0
0.4
0
200
0 .1
0.2
- 0.4
-0.3
-0 .1
-0 .2
15
00
1131
85
WE
T
-0 .5
0. 3
-1.
.026
45

-8
50
0
.024
BU
80
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
40
RE
- F
.022
1 000
80
.020
'h
ENTHALPY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
'W
75
35
50
14 .5
.018
IR
75
R
TU
ER
M
PO
TE
N
TI
O
.014
A
R
TU
SA
25
%
90
ME
%
60
U.F
4 0%
40
1 3.
30%
35
20 %
15
60 (16)
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
Y
VE H UM IDIT
70
1 2.
10% REL ATI
10
45
25
.012
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
2
.002
115
%
50
DR Y BULB TEMPERATUR E - F
IR
YA
50
45
35
%
1 3 .5
45
40
DR
L B.
ER
55
60
15
T. P
%
70
50
30 %
-C
80
55
LU
VO
20
1 4 .0
65
60
12 0
R
PE
U
-B
T
Y
AL
P
70
65
TH
.016
30
Problem 3-24
70
110 (43)
(b) Solution similar to (a)
3-25 English Units

See diagram for construction on chart 1a.

32 2000 Q
2
=
= 1=
12 3000 Q3 3
Layout 2L/3 on the chart and read:
W3 = 0.007 lbv/lba
30
27
I3 = 22.2 Btu/lba
55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
90
SEA LEVEL
1.0
1 .0
60
50
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0 .8
-200 0
-1 00 0
2.0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
-4 .0.0
-2.0
0.4
0
200
0 .1
0.2
- 0.4
-0.3
-0 .1
-0 .2
15
00
85
WE
T
-0 .5
0. 3
-1.
.026
45

-8
50
0
80
.024
BU
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
40
1 000
77
RE
- F
.022
80
.020
'h
ENTHALPY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
'W
75
35
50
14 .5
.018
R
A
ER
PO
TE
N
70
TI
O
.014
A
R
TU
SA
25
%
90
U.F
T. P
IR
YA
4 0%
40
30%
1 3.
0
35
20 %
58.4 (15)
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
65
15
40 (4)
SI Units
60
55
50
45
40
35
10
Y
VE H UM IDIT
70
1 2.
10% REL ATI
.012
.010
.008
.006
35
.004
25
100 (38)
Same procedure as above, read:
i3 = 34 kJ / kga
W3 = 0.007 kgv / kga
3-26
40
.002
115
%
50
3-25
DR
L B.
ER
50
45
35
-C
60
1 3 .5
45
35
60
55
40
%
70
50
15
ME
80
55
LU
VO
52
1 4 .0
65
60
20
45
65
12 0
R
PE
U
-B
T
Y
AL
P
TH
.016
TU
O
N
Problem 3-25
70
IR
75
30
English Units
Layout the given data on Chart 1a as shown for problem 3-25.
a1 = 2000(60) 12.66 = 9,479lba hr

m
30
28
3-26 (contd)
a2 = 1000(60) 14.44 = 4,155lba hr

m
a1
m
32
9479
=
=
= 0.695
a1+m
a2 9479 + 4155
12 m
Layout distance 32 on line from 1 to 2 to locate point 3 for the

mixture.
Read: i3 = 21.5 Btu/lbm
W3 = 0.0067 lbu/lba
For W, % Error =
For I, % Error =
3-27 SHF =
(0.007 0.0067)100
= 4.5
0.0067
(22.2 21.5)100
= 3.3
21.5
250,000
= 0.8
200,000
or SHF =
59
= .81
73
29

55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
90
SEA LEVEL
1.0
50
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0.8
1 .0
60
0 .8
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2. 0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
TOTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
-2.
0. 4
0
200
0 .1
0.2
-0 .1
-0 .2
15
00
-8
-4 .0.0
0
-0 .5 4
- 0.
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
0
.026
45
85
50
0
WE
T
80
.024
BU
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
40
RE
- F
.022
1 000
80
.020
'h
ENTHALPY
HU MIDITY RATIO
'W
75
35
50
14 .5
.018
IR
75
R
TU
TE
28.2
R
TU
SA
25
ME
%
60
-C
U .F
60
50
%
50
45
35
IR
YA
1 3 .5
45
40
4 0%
40
30%
1 3.
0
35
20 %
3-28
53 (12)
15
75 (24)
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
10
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
70
1 2.
10% RE LAT
45
.012
.010
.008
.006
35
.004
25
ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND O F DRY AIR
Refer to diagram for 3-27
a (i1 - i2 ); i1 = 28.2; i2 = 21.5

(a) q = m
a = 250,000 / (28.2 - 21.5) = 37,313 lba / hr

m
=m
a v 2 = 37,313 x 13.09 / 60 = 8,140 ft 3 / min
Q
= 3.85 m3 / s
(b) similar procedure; Q
40
.002
115
55
2
15
DR
L B.
ER
50
T. P
%
70
DR Y BULB T EMPERATUR E - F
80
55
LU
VO
20
%
90
1 4 .0
21.5
50 %
65
60
12 0
-B
T
Y
AL
P
.014
65
TH
70
TI
O
PE
PO
ER
Problem 3-27
30
.016
70
30
30
3-29 (a) Use the AirQuantity option of program PSYCH, iterating on the
relative humidity and setting the minimum outdoor Air Quantity to
0.01, NOT ZERO.
Use the properties option to find the entering wet bulb
temperature of 62.6F. Then
= 0.852
(iterated)
ts = 56F
= 9,360 cfm
Q
s
(b) Proceed as above
= 0.882
ts = 56F
= 10,014 cfm
Q
s
3-30
Proceed as in 3-29 above.
= 0.92
ts = 56.1 56 F
= 11,303 cfm
Q
s
3-31
(a) SHF =
500,000
= 0.91
550,000
31
3-31 (contd)
(b)
a (i2 -i1)
q = m
a = q/(i
2 -i1)
or m
a =
m
550,000
(34.3 22.8)
a =47,826lba hr
m
a v 2 47,826
=m
Q
=
x 14.62=11,654 cfm or 5.5 m3/s
2
60
60
32

R
90
AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS, INC.
SEA LEVEL
1.0
50
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0.91
1.0
60
55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
0.8
-2000
2. 0
0. 6
SENSIBLE HEAT
TOTAL HEAT
5000
300 0
0 .5
0
200
0 .1
15
00
-0 .1
-0 .2
0.2
-8
-4 .0.0
0
85
WE
T
-0 .5 4
- 0.
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
.026
45
-2.
0.4
-1 00 0
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
50
0
.024
BU
LB
TE
MP
E
80
55
RA
TU
40
RE
- F
.022
1 000
80
.020
'h
ENTHALPY
HU MIDITY RATIO
'W
75
34.3
35
50
14 .5
.018
IR
75
E
R
TU
30
TI
O
%
90
ME
%
60
U.F
1
4 0%
40
1 3.
30 %
35
20 %
1 2.
10
15
72 (22)
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
Y
IVE H UMIDIT
10% RE LAT
25
1400 x 60
= 5,915.5
14.2
i2 =
-5 x 12,000
+38.5
5,915.5
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
30
115 (46)
q
+i
a 1
m
a
m
.012
=m
a (i2 -i1)
3-32 q
i2 =
45
.002
115
50 %
IR
YA
50
45
35
%
1 3 .5
45
40
DR
L B.
ER
55
60
15
T. P
%
70
50
30 %
-C
80
55
LU
VO
20
1 4 .0
65
60
A
R
TU
SA
25
22.8
12 0
U
-B
T
Y
AL
P
.014
65
TH
70
PE
TE
PO
ER
Problem 3-31
.016
70
i 2 = 2 8 .3 6 Btu/lba
33
Then from Chart 1a, t2= 67F
55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
90
SEA LEVEL
1.0
1 .0
60
50
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0 .8
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2. 0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
TOTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
0
200
0 .1
15
00
-0 .1
-0 .2
0.2
-8
-4 .0.0
85
WE
T
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
45
-2.
0. 4
.026
50
0
80
.024
BU
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
40
RE
- F
.022
1 000
80
'h
ENTHALPY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
'W
75
35
.020
75
50
14 .5
.018
R
ER
P
M
TE
N
TI
O
.014
A
R
U
-B
T
TU
25
SA
AL
P
70
14
65
.0 V
U
OL
%
90
ME
%
60
-C
U .F
55
60
IR
YA
.5
50
40
%
50
45
35
%
13
45
15
R
.D
LB
ER
50
T. P
%
70
4 0%
40
1 3.
30%
35
20 %
55
15
67
20
90
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
10
Y
I VE H UM IDIT
75
1 2.
10% RE LAT
.012
.010
.008
.006
35
.004
25
ENTHALPY - BT U PER PO UND O F DRY AIR
3-33 Use Adiabatic Mixing option of PSYCH with the Properties option to
enter requested data. Assume volume flow rates of 3 to 1 to obtain.
Tmix,db = 84.2 F
Tmix,wb = 71.3 F
3-34 Use Program PSYCH at Sea Level elevation

Iteration on the supply volume flow rate is required. This is the same as the
leaving air quantity for the coil.
40
.002
115
80
ADP55
DR Y BULB T EMPERAT UR E - F
60
20
45
65
12 0
PO
R
PE
28.4
TH
.016
30
TU
Problem 3-32
IR
75
70
30
34
3-34 (contd)
(a) Supply air quantity is 9,384 cfm.

(b) The outdoor air quantity is 938 cfm.
(c) Air enters the coil at 74.6 F db, 60.5 F wb at a rate of 9,740 cfm
(d) The coil capacity is 248,256 Btu/hr.
The amount of air returned is: (9,740 939) = 8,802 cfm.
3-35 Use Program PSYCH at 5,000 ft elevation

Iteration on the supply volume flow rate is required. This is the same as the
leaving air quantity for the coil.
(a) Supply air quantity is 11,267 cfm.
(b) The outdoor air quantity is 1,127 cfm.
(c) Air enters the coil at 74.6 F db, 62.1 F wb at a rate of 11,697 cfm
(d) The coil capacity is 334,143 Btu/hr.
The amount of air returned is: (11,697 1,127) = 10,570 cfm.
3-36
= 1000 cfm
Q
0
(a) From Chart 1a
t s =120 / 74 F
s=
m
q
200,000
=
(is -ir ) (37.2 22.8)
35
1
= 13,889 lb/hr = m
=m
sv s = m
s (14.78)/60 = 3,421 ft 3 / min
Q
s
/v = 1000 x 60 / 12.61 = 4758 lb/hr
o= Q
(b) m
o o
r 13,889 4758
m
=
= 0.66; From Chart 1a t1 = 61/ 47 F
1
m
13,889
t 3 - t1 = (119 61)
w= m
s (Ws -W2 ) = 13,889 (0.0075 - 0.0036) = 54.2 lbm/hr
(c) m
1(i3 -i1) =13,889 (32.8 18.6) = 197,224 Btu/hr

(d) q f = m
36

55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
90
SEA LEVEL
1.0
50
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
50 00
0.8
1 .0
60
0 .8
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2.0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
300 0
0 .5
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
-8
-4 .0.0
-2.0
0.4
85
0
200
0 .1
0.2
-0 .1
-0 .2
15
00
50
0
WE
T
80
.024
BU
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
40
RE
- F
.022
80
1 000
1150
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1
.0
.026
45
.020
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
'W
75
35
50
14 .5
.018
IR
75
R
TU
ER
P
M
TE
N
TI
O
A
R
TU
SA
25
14
65
.0 V
ME
%
60
U.F
55
IR
YA
.5
DR
13
50
40
%
50
45
35
4 0%
40
30%
1 3.
35
20 %
(a) t s = 120 / 71.4 F
61
72
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
3-37
15
75
40
10
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
70
1 2.
10% RE LAT
25
.012
.010
.008
40
.006
35
.004
3
.002
115
60
45
15
B.
RL
PE
50
T.
%
70
47
30 %
-C
80
55
U
OL
%
90
60
20
45
.014
12 0
R
PE
U
-B
T
Y
AL
P
70
65
TH
.016
30
PO
Problem 3-36
70
30
120
Use Chart 1Ha
s = 200,000 /(38.7 24.0) = 13,605 lba/hr = m

1
m
= 13,605 x 17.85 / 60 = 4048 cfm
Q
s
0 = (1000 / 15 .2) x 60 = 3947 lba/hr

(b) m
r 13,605 3947
m
=
= 0.71; t1 = 62.8 / 47 F
1
m
13,605
t 3 -t1 = (119.5 62.8)

w =m
s (w s -W1) = 13,605 (0.0088 - 0.0046) = 57.14 lbw/hr
(c) m
37
(d)
3-38
q f = 13,605 (33.8 - 20.2) = 185,028 Btu/hr
Assume fan power and

heat gain are load on the space
s =
m
9384
x 60 = 42,915 lbm/hr; Prob 3-34
13.12

W
fan + qduct = ms (is ic )
= (4 x 2545) + 1000 = 11,180 Btu / hr
ic = 20.8
11,180
= 20.54 Btu/lbm
42,915
State c is required condition leaving coil

Part a, b, and c are same as prob. 3-34;
1(i1-ic ) = 42,915 (26.8 - 20.54) = 268,648 Btu/hr

(d) q coil =m
38

55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
90
SEA LEVEL
1.0
1 .0
60
50
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0 .8
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2.0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
-2.
0. 4
0
200
0 .1
0.2
-0 .1
-0 .2
15
00
-8
-4 .0.0
0
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1
.0
.026
45
85
50
0
WE
T
80
.024
BU
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
40
RE
- F
.022
0
1 000
80
.020
'h
ENTHAL PY
HU MIDITY RAT IO
'W
75
35
50
14 .5
.018
R
TU
O
D
ER
M
TE
N
TI
O
R
.014
TU
SA
25
%
90
%
60
-C
U.F
13
IR
%
50
45
35
YA
.5
s 50
40
4 0%
40
30%
1 3.
0
35
20 %
3-39
55
15
72
20
100
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
10
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
70
1 2.
10% RE LAT
45
.012
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
115
60
45
15
55
DR
B.
RL
PE
50
T.
%
70
80
55
ME
20
U
OL
.0 V
20.54
14
65
60
12 0
PO
R
PE
U
-B
T
Y
AL
P
50 %
70
65
TH
.016
70
Problem 3-38
IR
75
30
25

s (i r i s ); W
s (i s i c )
q r = m
fan = m
(a) ic = 28 Btu/lbm; ir = 33.7 Btu/lbm

Using Chart 1Ha
q r = 1,320,000 Btu/hr

W
fan = 30 x 2545 = 76350 Btu/hr

W
fan = 30 x 2545 = 76,350 = ma (is -ic )
30
39
a(ir -is )
q s = 1,320,000 = m
55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
60
85

Copyright 1992
50
0.8
1.0
.028
80
1 .0
60
1 8 .0
5000 FEET
0 .8
SENSIBL E HEAT
TOTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
0. 4
0
200
0.2
0 .1
ET
BU
LB
TE
MP
.024
ER
75
50
0
AT
U
40
RE
55
-
F
.022
17 .5
15
00
-0 .1
80
W
.0
-0 .5
-0 .4
- 0.3
-0 .2
0. 3
-1
45
-1 000
4 .0
8 .0

-8
-4.0.0
-2.
0
Qs
Qt
.026
-2 000
2. 0
0 .6
75
10 00
.020
'h
ENTHALPY
HU MIDIT Y RATIO
35
'W
70
50
UR
AT
D
F
O
ER
.016
TE
PO
50 %
TI
O
N
RA
TU
65
.014
HUMIDITY RATIO - POUNDS MOISTURE PER PO UND DRY AIR
SA
59 (15)
c
60
%
90
55
16
%
80
.5 V
20
-C
%
60
U .F
50
45
ME
70
U
OL
55
50
T. P
30 %
20%
10
15
62.5 (17)
20
80 (27)
90 (32)
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
I TY
TIV E HUMID
10% RELA
.010
.006
35
.004
25
Solve simultaneous:

W
fa n + q s = m a (ir -i c )
1 ,3 2 0 ,0 0 + 7 6 ,3 5 0
(3 3 .7 -2 8 )
a = 2 4 4 ,9 7 4 lb a /h r
m
40
.008
Two unknowns & two equations
a=
m
.012
.002
115
IR
YA
4 0%
1 5 .5
35
R
.D
LB
50
45
40
ER
40
35
16 .0
15
45
60
12 0
PE
R
TU
-B
LP
Y
A
TH
25
EN
65
ND
30
17 .0
Problem 3-39
70
RY
AI
R
.018
30
40
a)
is = ir - ( q s m
is = 33.7 -
1,320,000
=28.3 Btu/lba
244,974
Locate points on the condition line on Chart 1 Ha and point c is on

cooler process line horz. to left of points.
Read ts = 62.5 F, tc = 61.6F.
= 244,974 x16.2 = 66,143cfm

(a) Q
s
60
= 31.2 m 3 s
(b) Q
s
3-40
English Units Tucson, Arizona, Elevation 2,556 ft.
imin =i0 =31.1 Btu/lba and sat. air ; t min =64.5 F; PSYCH
Shreveport, Louisiana, Elevation 259 ft.
imin =i0 = 42.5 Btu/lba and sat. air ; tmin = 76.8 F; PSYCH
SI Units Tucson, Arizona
imin =i0 = 51.5 kJ/kga ; tmin =18.1 C; Chart 1b

Shreveport, Louisiana
imin =i0 =75.5 kJ/kga ; tmin =24.8 C; Chart 1b
41

55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
90
259 FEET
1.0
60
50
.028
60
1 .0
85
15 .0
0 .8
SENSIBL E HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
-8
-4.0.0
-2.
0
-0 .4
- 0.3
-0 .1
-0 .2
0
200
15
00
0 .1
85
0
.0
-0 .5
0. 3
-1
0.2
45
0. 4
-1 000
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
WE
TB
UL
80
50
0
.024
BT
EM
PE
R
40
55
AT
UR
EF
.022
10 00
80
.020
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
.026
-2 000
2.0
0 .6
75
'W
TLO
35
50
.018
-
F
E
AT
U
R
TE
M
PE
PO
O
N
70
.014
AT
I
R
U
AT
S
25
65
60
%
90
UM
OL
0V
60
E-
70
CU
55
.FT
50
1 3.
50
40
35
IR
YA
45
4 0%
40
30%
1 3 .0
35
20 %
10
15
76.8
20
95
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
HUMIDITY
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
IVE
10% RE LAT
.012
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
115
45
15
DR
LB .
ER
.P
%
60
50
1 4.
80
55
20
45
65
12 0
ER
P
TU
-B
Y
LP
A
.016
TH
SL
30
Problem 3-40
Shreveport, LA
14 .5
AI
R
75
70
25
30
42

55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
85
50
2556 FEET
1.0
1 .0
.028
85
60
5
16 .
60
0 .8
SENSIBL E HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
0. 4
0
200
0.2
0 .1
15
00
-0 .1
-0 .2
80
0
.024
.0
55
-0 .5
-0 .4
- 0.3
0. 3
-1
45
-1 000
4 .0
8 .0
-8
-4.0.0
-2.
0
Qs
Qt
.026
-2 000
2. 0
0 .6
50
0
80
40
WE
TB
UL
75
.022
BT
EM
P
TU
10 00
RE
- F
1 6 .0
ER
A
.020
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
'W
35
75
50
.018
70
R
TU
EM
O
U
P
65
TLO
EN
60
55
%
80
%
60
CU
15
1 4.
.
LB
ER
.P
.FT
%
50
45
4 0%
40
DR
1 4 .0
IR
YA
30 %
35
TA
20%
10
15
64.6
20
102
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
ITY
TIV E HU MID
10% RELA
45
.012
.010
40
.00 8
.00 6
35
.00 4
.00 2
115
50
E-
45
UM
OL
0V
50
40
1 5.
%
7 055
20
3-41
TU
SA
65
60
90
35
.014
12 0
TI
O
PE
TU
-B
LP
Y
A
70
1 5 .5
25
TH
.016
30
ER
O
F
IR
Problem 3-40
Tucson, Arizona
25
s (ir i s )
q = m
s = 12,000 /(28.2 19.1) = 1,319 lba/hr ton

(a) m
= 1319 x 15.6 = 343 cfm/ton
Q
s
60
o r1
m
13
= =
= 0.55 or 55%
s r0 23.5
m
0.046 m3 / s - kW
(b) Q
s
0 /m
s 55%
m
30
43

55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
60
85
50
5000 FEET
1.0
.028
80
1 .0
60
1 8 .0
0 .8
50 00
300 0
0.7
SENSIBL E HEAT
TOTAL HEAT
0 .5
-0.1
BU
LB
TE
MP
.024
ER
75
50
0
40
AT
U
RE
55
- F
.022
17 .5
0
200
15
00
0 .1
ET
.0
.5
-0
-0 .4
- 0.3
-0 .2
0. 3
-1
0.2
80
W

-8
0. 4
45
-1 000
4 .0
8 .0
-4.0.0
-2.
0
Qs
Qt
.026
-2 000
2.0
0 .6
75
10 00
.020
'h
ENT HALPY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
35
'W
70
50
PE
RA
TU
DR
RE
AI
R
.018
N
IO
%
90
40 %
60
U.F
%
60
T. P
10 %
IR
YA
4 0%
1 5 .5
30 %
20%
10
50 (10)
2 (i2 i3 ); m
2 =
3-42 q = m
15
75 (24)
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
HUMIDI TY
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
IVE
10% REL AT
45
.012
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
115
DR
L B.
50
ER
45
40
16 .0
40
-C
ME
50
45
LU
VO
55
70
35
1 6 .5
%
80
50
35
HUMI DITY RATIO - POUNDS MOISTURE PER POUND DRY AIR
55
.014
12 0
AT
SA
T
UR
65
60
25
20
15
.016
TE
PO
PE
R
TU
-B
AL
PY
TH
EN
65
UN
30
17 .0
Problem 3-41
70
25
100 (38)
500,000
(41.1 21.9)
2 = 26,042 lba/hr
m
= 26042 x 14.55/60 = 6315 cfm

Q
2
0 = 0.25 x 26,042 = 6511 lba/hr
m
0 /m
3 = 0.25; t mix = 67.5 / 49.5 F
m
30
44
3-42 (contd)
Preheat Coil:
0c p (t 4 -t 0 ) = 6511 x 0.24 (60-6) = 84,383 Btu/hr

q ph = m
Heat Coil:
2 (i5 -i1) = 26,042 (28.4 - 20) = 218,753 Btu/hr

q h = m
Humidifier:
w= m
2 (W2 -W5 ) = 26,042 (0.0144 - 0.0035)
m
= 283.9 lbw/hr
= 2.98 m3 / s; q = 24.7 kW; q = 64.1 kW;
(b) Q
2
ph
h
w = 0.036 kg/s
m
45
55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
90
SEA LEVEL
1.0
1 .0
60
50
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0 .8
-2 000
2.0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
TOTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
0
200
0 .1
0.2
-0 .1
-0 .2
15
00
50
0
WE
T
.024
BU
80
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
40
RE
- F
.022
80
1 000
1153
85
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
.026
45
-8
-4 .0.0
-2.0
0.4
-1 00 0
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
.020
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDITY RATIO
'W
75
35
50
14 .5
.018
R
TU
ER
PO
TE
N
70
TI
O
.014
A
R
TU
SA
25
1 4 .0
65
ME
%
60
-C
U.F
55
60
50 %
45
35
4 0%
40
1 3.
30%
35
IR
YA
50
40
%
1 3 .5
45
15
30 %
DR
L B.
ER
50
T. P
%
70
5
20 %
3-43
15
60 (16)
70 (21)
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
10
70
1 2.
10%
H UM IDITY
REL ATI VE
.012
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
115
80
55
LU
VO
%
90
DR Y BUL B TEMPERATUR E - F
60
20
45
65
12 0
R
PE
U
-B
T
Y
AL
P
TH
.016
Problem 3-42
70
IR
75
30
30
25
105 (40)
a (ir is )
Use Chart 1a; q d = m
a = q d /(ir i s )
or m
a = 150 x 12,000 / (28.4-22) = 28,125 lbm/hr
(a) m
= 28,125 x 13.25/60 = 61,211 cfm

Q
d
= 0.20
Q
m
= 1,242 cfm
Q
d
m = 1,242 x 60/13.5 = 5,521 lbm/hr [vm assumed]

m
im =ir 1.8 x 12,000/5,521 = 24.5 Btu/lbm; tm = 62 / 57 F
46
= 2.93 m3 /s; Q
= .59 m3 /s; t = 17/14 C
(b) Q
d
m
m
55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
90
1 .0
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0.8
0 .8
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2. 0
0. 6
50 00
300 0
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
0 .5
0 .1
15
00
-0 .1
-0 .2
0.2
.026
45
85
WE
T
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
4 .0
8 .0
-8
-4 .0.0
-2.
0
Qs
Qt
0. 4
0
200
0.6
SEA LEVEL
1.0
50
50
0
.024
BU
LB
80
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
40
RE
- F
.022
1 000
80
.020
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
'W
75
35
50
14 .5
R
TU
ER
PO
TE
N
TI
O
.014
A
R
R
PE
U
-B
T
TU
25
SA
AL
P
70
U
OL
ME
60
-C
U.F
%
70
T. P
L B.
ER
55
IR
YA
50
DR
1 3 .5
45
%
50
45
4 0%
40
1 3.
30%
35
62 (17)
20 %
3-44
15
60 (16)
75 (24)
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
10
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
70
1 2.
10% RE LAT
.012
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
115
60
50
35
m 80 %
55
40
.0 V
%
90
15
14
65
60
20
45
65
TH
.016
70
IR
75
30
Problem 3-43
.018
12 0
60
25
15.0 x 12,000
a =
(a) m
= 29,508 lba/hr
(31.2 - 25.1)
= 29,508 x 16.0/60 = 7,869 cfm; Q

= 0.2 x Q

Q
d
m
s
= 1,574 cfm
m =1,574 x 60/16.2 = 5,829 lba/hr (v massumed)

m
im = 35.7 1.8 x 12,000/5,829 = 27.5 Btu/lba;
30
47
tm = 62.5 / 58 F
=3.7 m3 / s; Q
= 0.74 m3 /s; t = 17 /14.4 C
(b) Q
s
m
m
3-45
Use Chart 1a;
r
m
10
= 0.8 =
1
m
0r
[Both design and min. load condition]
s
is = ir - q m / m
s =
m

Q
50 x 12,000
d
=
ir i s
(29.35 - 22.3)
s = 85,106 lba/hr; m
s is constant for all conditions
m
i s' = 29.35 25 x 12,000/85, 106 = 25.83 Btu/lba

(a) From Chart 1a; t s' = 64 F
si s + m
b i1' = (m
c +m
b ) i s'
(b) m
b (i s i s' ) 24.2 25.8
m
=
= 0.271
=
c (i s' i1' ) 25.8 31.7
m
(b) From chart 1a; t d = 49 F for both cases
48

55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
90
SEA LEVEL
1.0
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0.9
1 .0
50
0 .8
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2.0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
0
200
0 .1
15
00
-0 .1
-0 .2
0.2
85
WE
T
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
50
0
80
.024
BU
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
40
RE
- F
.022
1 000
80
.020
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDIT Y RATIO
'W
75
35
50
14 .5
0'
.018
75
R
TU
ER
PO
TE
PE
TI
O
.014
1'
-B
T
TU
25
SA
AL
P
70
65
TH
50 %
30
.016
70
IR
Problem 3-45
.026
45

-8
0. 4
4 .0
8 .0
-4 .0.0
-2.
0
Qs
Qt
60
LU
VO
%
90
1 4 .0
65
%
60
-C
U.F
55
60
IR
YA
%
50
45
35
DR
50
40
%
1 3 .5
45
15
L B.
ER
50
T. P
%
70
4 0%
40
30%
1 3.
0
35
20 %
3-46
15
55 (13) 64 (18)
20
77 (25) 85 (29)
95 (35)
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
10
Y
I VE H UM IDIT
70
1 2.
10% RE LAT
45
.012
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
115
80
55
ME
s'
20
60
12 0
25
Refer to problem 3-45. Results are similar.
3-47 (a) It is probably impossible to cool the air from 1 to 2 in one

process. The extension of line 12 does not intersect the
saturation curve.
(b) Cool the air to state 1' and then heat to state 2.
30
49

55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
90
SEA LEVEL
1.0
1 .0
60
50
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0 .8
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2.0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
0. 4
0
200
0 .1
15
00
-0 .1
-0 .2
0.2
.026
45
85
WE
T
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
4 .0
8 .0
-8
-4 .0.0
-2.
0
Qs
Qt
50
0
80
.024
BU
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
40
RE
- F
.022
1 000
80
.020
'h
ENTHAL PY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
'W
75
35
50
14 .5
.018
R
A
ER
PO
TE
N
70
TI
O
.014
A
R
TU
SA
25
U
OL
.0 V
%
90
%
60
-C
U .F
55
50
%
50
45
35
A IR
40
%
.5
45
15
60
13
4 0%
40
1 3.
30%
35
20 %
3-48
15
52 (11) 60 (16)
20
80 (27)
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
10
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
70
1 2.
10% RE LAT
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
25
c sh
m
= =.837
(a)
s ch
m
h cs
m
=
= 0.163
s ch
m
c 0.837
m
=
= 5.14
h 0.163
m
s (ir is )
q = m
s =
m
.012
.002
115
1'
RY
B. D
RL
PE
50
T.
%
70
80
55
ME
54
14
65
60
20
45
65
12 0
R
PE
U
-B
T
Y
AL
P
67
TH
.016
90 %
TU
30
Problem 3-47
IR
75
70
50 x 12,000
= 93,750 lba/hr
(28.2-21.8)
30
50
= 93,750 x 13.2/60 = 20,625 cfm

Q
s
= 9.7 m3 /s
(b) Q
s
55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
90
SEA LEVEL
1.0
1 .0
60
50
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0 .8
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2.0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
0 .5
50 00
300 0
0.65
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
0. 4
0
200
0. 1
0.2
-0 .1
-0 .2
15
00
-8
-4 .0.0
-2.
0
85
WE
T
.5
-0
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
.026
45
50
0
.024
BU
80
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
RE
40
- F
.022
1 000
80
.020
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
'W
75
35
50
14 .5
.018
R
TU
O
D
ER
PO
70
TI
O
A
R
TU
SA
25
.014
90 %
65
.0 V
%
90
ME
60
-C
U.F
s
%
50
45
35
20 %
h
IR
YA
50
.5
45
40
%
13
4 0%
40
30%
1 3.
0
35
20 %
3-49
52 (11)
15
75 (24)
20
90 (32)
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
10
Y
VE H UM IDIT
70
1 2.
10% REL ATI
.012
.010
c
h 10.1
m
m
36
=
= 0.9;
=
= 0.10 ;
s 46.3
s 46.3
m
m
s =
m
40
.008
.006
35
.004
25
ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND O F DRY AIR
See diagram of problem 3-48

(a)
45
.002
115
55
60
15
R
.D
LB
ER
50
T. P
%
70
80
55
U
OL
20
14
65
60
12 0
TE
R
PE
U
-B
T
Y
AL
P
.016
TH
70
Problem 3-48
IR
75
30
c
m
0.9
=
= 9.0
h 0.10
m
50 x 12,000
= 83,333 lba/hr
(30.1 - 22.9)
=83,333 x 15.67/60 = 21,763 cfm

Q
s
30
51
=10.3 m3 /s
(b) Q
s
3-50
(a) See diagram for problem 3-48

c
m
c (ir -ic ); m
c = 0.714 x m
s = 0.837 x 93,750
= 0.837; q c = m
s
m
= 78,469 x 13.04/60 = 17,054 cfm

c = 78,469 lba/hr ; Q
m
c
q c = 78,469 (28.2-20.6) = 596,364 Btu/hr

=8.1 m3 /s; q = 175 kW
(b) Q
c
c
3-51 SI Units
(a) On the basis of volume flow rate using Chart 1b:
= 13 Q
= 0.69 x 1.18 = 0.815 m3/s
Q
2
3
12
=Q
-Q
= 1.18 0.815 = 0.365 m3/s
and Q
1
3
2
(b)
a3 (i4 -i3 ) =
q 34 = m
q 34 =

Q
3 (i -i )
4 3
v3
1.18
(47.8-41.0) = 9.6 kW
0.835
52
11 0
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
10 0
0 .8
0. 7
0. 6
Problem 3-51
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
10 .0
0.5
1 .0
1 .5
2. 0
-5.0
4 .0
Qs
Qt
-4.0
80
1 .0
MP
ER
24
AT
UR
E-
11 0
22
0 .9
5.0
4. 0
0 .1
WE
TB
UL
BT
E
-0.2
0.2
30
0.0
.0
-0 .5
0. 3
-1
.0
12 0
26
90
-2.0
-2
0. 4
28
30
0 .9
1.0
0
30
12
2 .0
3 .0
2.5
70
25
20
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
'W
10 0
25
R
TU
A
50
90
14
SA
HUMIDITY RATIO - G RAM S M OISTURE PER KILOGR AM D RY AIR
20
TU
LP
Y
40
U
OL
ME
IC M
UB
50
4
0.8
10
-C
%
60
20
ET
ER
0 .8
g
Rk
PE
40 %
2
DR
3 0%
IR
YA
20
15
10
10
12
HUM ID ITY
25
0 .7
IVE
10% RE LAT
20
17.2
24
29
35
0 .8
20 %
30
10
30
12
80
10
70
60
45
10
15
6V
11
70
0 .8
%
80 3
30
90
40
14.7
15
50
-K
TI
O
EM
ER
20
0 .8
16
50 %
O
F
AM
R
IL
O
G
0 .9
AI
R
Problem 3-51
TH
18
60
40
ENTHALPY - KJ PER KILO GRAM O F DRY AIR
English Units
= 640 cfm; q = 33,684 Btu/hr

(a) Q
1
34
3-52 (a),(b)
From Chart 1b, states 1.4 and ADP are known. Based on approx.
11.8 C db, 11.2 C wb, and 90% RH locate state 2.
Then for full load design condition air is cooled from 1 to 2 and the
room process proceeds from 2 to 4.
50
53
For the high latent load condition, the air at 2 is reheated to state 3
where it enters the space and the process proceeds to state 4.

Q
a (i4 -i2 ) = 2 (i4 -i2 )
(c) q 24 = m
v2
=35 x 0.817 (47.7-32) ;

Q
2
a (i1-i2 ) =
q 12 = m
= 1.82 m3/s
Q
2
1.82
(60.6-32)
0.817
q 12 = 63.7 kW
a (i4 -i3 )=
q 34 = m
1.82
(47.7-39.4)
0.817
q 34 = 18.5 kW
q 23 = q 24 - q 34 = 35-18.5=16.5 kW
54
11 0
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
SEA LEVEL
10 0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
10 .0
0.5
-4.0
30
0.0
.0
WE
TB
UL
BT
E
MP
ER
80
1 .0
-0 .5
5.0
0. 3
-1.
24
AT
UR
E-
11 0
-0.2
22
0 .9
4. 0
0 .1
26
90
-2.0
-2
0. 4
0.2
12 0
-5. 0
4 .0
Qs
Qt
1 .5
2.0
0.7
0 .9
1 .0
0 .8
28
30
Problem 3-52
1.0
12
30

Copyright 1992
2 .0
3 .0
2.5
70
25
20
'h
ENTHALPY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
'W
10 0
25
18
O
F
TU
AM
R
16
ER
20
90
EM
T
N
R
ME
-C
UB
IC M
ET
ER
0 .8
R
gD
Rk
PE
40 %
2
3 0%
19
20
23
30
20
15
10
11.8
10
HU MID ITY
25
0 .7
IVE
10% RE LAT
3-52
IR
YA
0 .8
20 %
27
35
10
30
12
80
10
70
60
45
4
0 .8
%
50
U
OL
%
60
10
6V
10
0 .8
15
70
SA
%
80
40
TU
LP
Y
A
TH
N
E
90
11
ADP
17
14
30
HUMIDITY RATIO - GRAM S M OISTURE PER KILOGR AM D RY AIR
-K
TI
O
1
20
50
K
R
E
14
0 .8
40
15
20
21
IL
O
G
50
Problem 3-52
0 .9
AI
R
60
40
ENTHALPY - KJ PER KILO GRAM O F DRY AIR
English Units
(a),(b) See above
= 4103cfm ; q
12 =221,243 Btu/hr
(c) Q
2
q 34 = 67,498 Btu/hr; q 23 = 52,502 Btu/hr

3-53 English Units
(a)
s (ir -is ); m
s = 5000 x 60/13.2 = 22,727 lba/hr
q=m
(specific volume value of 13.2 ft3/lbm is assumed.)
50
55
s =28.2 10 x 12,000 / 22,727 = 22.9 Btu/lba

is = ir - q /m
t s = to = 57.5 F; Ws =Wo = 0.0083 lbv/lba

(b)
r 0m

m
m
=
= 0.462 r
m 0r
s
m
m
r =0.462 x 22,727 = 10,500 lba/hr

m
o = 22,727 10,500 = 12,227 lba/hr
m
= 10,500 x 13.68/60 = 2,394 cfm
Q
r
= 12,227 x 12.11/60 = 2,468 cfm
Q
o
r 0'm'
m
=
=0.578
(c)
m'
m
0'r

r =0.578 x 22,727 = 13,131 lba/hr; m

o' = 9,596 lba/hr
m
=13,131 x 13.68/60 = 2,994 cfm; Q
= 9,596 x 13.48/60
Q
r
o'
= 2,156 cfm
s (im' -is ) = 22,727 (28.4 - 22.8) = 127,271 Btu/hr

(d) q c = m
56

55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
90
1.0
1 .0
50
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
50 00
0.8
SEA LEVEL
60
0 .8
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2.0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
300 0
0 .5
0. 4
0
200
0 .1
0.2
-0 .1
-0 .2
15
00
85
50
0
WE
T
.024
BU
LB
80
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
40
RE
- F
.022
80
1 000
1150
.026
45
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
4 .0
8 .0
-8
-4 .0.0
-2.
0
Qs
Qt
.020
'h
ENTHAL PY
HU MIDITY RAT IO
'W
75
35
50
14 .5
IR
75
R
TU
M
TE
PE
TI
O
.014
R
TU
SA
0'
ME
%
60
-C
U.F
60
%
13
50
YA
.5
45
IR
%
50
45
4 0%
40
43 (6)
1 3.
30%
35
55
ADP
35
DR
L B.
ER
50
T. P
%
70
20 %
10
40 (4)
15
70 (21)
57.5 (14)
65 (18)
75 (24)
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
70
65
60
55
50
40
35
10% RE LAT
45
1 2.
.012
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
25
3-53 SI Units
(a) ts = 14.2C; Ws = 0.0083 kgv/kga
=1.17m3 s
=1.13m3 s ; Q
(b) Q
r
o
=1.41m3 s ; Q
=1.02m3 s
(c) Q
r
o'
(d) q c = 37.3 kW
3-54
45
.002
115
80
55
U
OL
.0 V
20
50 %
m'
14
65
%
90
25
60
40
-B
T
Y
AL
P
70
65
TH
90 %
PO
ER
30
.016
70
Problem 3-53
15
.018
12 0
(a) Any combination that will yield

an enthalpy less than 57.0 kJ/kga or 33 Btu/lba
30
57
s = 5 / 0.84 = 5.95 kga/s = m

r
(b) m
o mr
m
=
=0.36
r 0r
m
o = 0.36 x 5.95 = 2.14 kga/s

m
= 2.14 x 0.852 = 1.82 m3 /s = 3,857cfm
Q
o
(c) tad = 15.4 C or 60F
o /q n = (im -is )/(ir -is ) = 1.0 (Essentially, no difference)

(d) q
11 0
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
SEA LEVEL
10 0
0.7
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
TOTAL HEAT
10 .0
0.5
1 .5
2. 0
-5.0
4 .0
Qs
Qt
5.0
0. 3
-1.
0
-4.0
-2 .0
WE
TB
UL
BT
80
1 .0
EM
PE
R
24
AT
UR
E-
11 0
22
0 .9
4. 0
0 .1
30
0.0
-0.2
0.2
12 0
26
90
-2.0
0. 4
-0 .5
0.6
1 .0
0 .8
28
30
0 .9
1.0
0
30
12
2 .0
3 .0
2.5
70
25
20
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDIT Y RATIO
'W
10 0
25
18
60
R
D
16
O
F
TU
AM
50
20
90
SA
TH
HUMIDITY RATIO - G RAM S M OISTURE PER KI LO GR AM D RY AIR
TU
LP
Y
m2
0 .8
40
s%
90
15
%
80
0 .8
6V
15
U
OL
ME
10
UB
IC M
ET
ER
0 .8
2
3 0%
18 (64)
20
25 (77)
35
20
15
10
HUM ID ITY
25
0 .7
5
A IR
20 (68)
IVE
10% RE LAT
10
RY
0 .8
20 %
30
10
gD
Rk
PE
40 %
30
80
10
70
60
45
0%
4
0. 8
10
-C
%
60
20
70
40
30
12
50
J
-K
14
TI
O
EM
ER
R
IL
O
G
AI
R
57
0 .9
Problem 3-54
40
ENTHALPY - KJ PER KI LO GRAM O F DRY AIR
50
58
SHF =
3-55
424,000
= -4
530,000 424,000
Construct condition line on

Chart 1a with preheat and
mixing processes.
sen = -424,000 = m
sc p (t r -t s )
(a) q
s =
m
424,000
= 88,333 lba/hr
0.24 (75 95)
=88,333 x 14.07/60 = 20,714 cfm or 9.8 m3 /s

Q
s
(b)
r hm
m
r = 0.33 x 88,333 lba/hr
=
=0.33; m

mm hr
= 29,150 x 13.68/60 = 6,646 cfm or 3.14 m3 /s

r =29,150 lba/hr; Q
m
r
h
m
h = 0.67 x 88,333
=1 0.33 = 0.67; m
m
m
= 59,183 x 13.1/60
h = 59,183 lba/hr; Q
m
h
= 12,922 cfm or 6.1 m3 /s (at heated condition)
Q
h
hc p (th -t o ) = 59,183 x 0.24 (60-35)

(c) q ph =m
355,098 Btu/hr or 104 kW

q=
(d) q m =88,333 x 0.24 (95 - 65) = 635,998 Btu/hr or 186 kW
59

55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
90
SEA LEVEL
1.0
1 .0
60
50
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0 .8
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2.0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
0. 4
0
200
0 .1
15
00
-0 .1
-0 .2
0.2
.026
45
85
-4
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
4 .0
8 .0

-8
-4 .0.0
-2.
0
Qs
Qt
50
0
WE
T
80
.024
BU
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
40
RE
- F
.022
1 000
80
.020
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
'W
75
35
50
14 .5
.018
R
ER
PO
TE
N
TI
O
.014
A
R
TU
SA
25
-C
T. P
U.F
%
70
55
60
IR
50 %
45
35
YA
50
40
1 3 .5
45
15
20 %
DR
L B.
ER
50
4 0%
40
m
1 3.
30%
35
s
20 %
15
60 (16)
75 (24)
20
95 (35)
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
70
60
55
50
45
40
35
35 (2)
10
10% RE LAT
65
1 2.
.012
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
25
3-56 Refer to chart 1a.

(a)
x 60 (i -i )
a3 (i4 -i3 ) = Q
q 34 = m
3
4 3
v3
x
Q
3
45
.002
115
60
ME
80
55
LU
VO
20
50 %
%
90
1 4 .0
65
60
12 0
R
PE
U
-B
T
Y
AL
P
70
65
TH
.016
30
TU
Problem 3-55
IR
75
70
q 34v 3 (1750 x 13.23)

=
60(i4 -i3 ) 60(28.1-23)
= 75.7 or 76 cfm = 0.040 m3 /s

Q
3
30
60
(b) t3db = 58.5 F and 80% RH or 15 C
31
; Q3 = 0.754 x 75.7 = 57 cfm or 0.028 m3 /s
12
=
(c) Q
2
= 76 - 57 = 19 cfm or 0.012 m3 /s
Q
1
55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
90
1 .0
.028
60
85
1 5 .0
0 .8
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2.0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
T OTAL HEAT
300 0
0 .5
4 .0
8 .0
Qs
Qt
-8
-4 .0.0
0
-2.
0. 4
0
200
0 .1
0.2
-0 .1
-0 .2
15
00
85
50
0
80
1 000
RE
- F
.022
.020
50
90 %
.018
70
R
TU
.016
50 %
70
.014
TU
62
SA
25
65
ME
%
60
-C
80
LU
VO
%
90
55
T. P
L B.
ER
55
60
DR
1 3 .5
IR
YA
50
U.F
%
70
50
1 4 .0
20
%
50
45
4 0%
40
30%
1 3.
0
35
20 %
58.5
75
84
20
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
3-57 (a)
50
15
Y
I VE H UM IDIT
70
1 2.
10% RE LAT
10
45
65
-B
T
TI
O
PE
TE
PO
ER
70
IR
75
30
Y
AL
P
55
RA
TU
14 .5
TH
MP
E
75
60
35
TE
80
'W
Problem 3-56
45
LB
40
35
40
.024
BU
'h
ENT HAL PY
HU MIDIT Y RATIO
15
WE
T
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
.026
45
HUMI DITY RATIO - POUN DS MOISTURE PER PO UND DRY AIR
.012
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
12 0
50 00
0.8
SEA LEVEL
1.0
50
115
60
25
Refer to Chart 1
A reheat system is required. Process 1-2 is for the coil. Process 3-4
is defined by the SHF = 0.5
Process 2-3 represents the required heat.
30
61
State 3 is defined by the intersection of the reheat and space
condition lines.
(b)
a3 (i4 -i3 ) =
q 34 = m
x 60
Q
3
(i4 -i3 )
v3
= q 34 v 3 = 100,000 x 13.4
Q
3
60(i4 -i3 ) 60(28.2-23.9)
= 5,194 cfm or 2.5 m3 /s
Q
3
(c)
a (i1-i2 ) =
q 12 = m
5,194 x 60
(34.2-20.2)
13.4
q 12 = 325,594 Btu/hr or 95.4 kW

q 23 =
5,194 x 60
(23.9-20.2)
13.4
q 23 =86,050 Btu/hr or 25.2 kW
62

55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
Copyright 1992
90
SEA LEVEL
1.0
1 .0
60
50
.028
60
85
15
-2 00 0
-1 00 0
2.0
0. 6
SENSIB LE HEAT
TOTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
0. 4
0
200
0 .1
15
00
-0 .1
-0 .2
0.2
.026
45
85
WE
T
-0 .5
- 0.4
-0.3
0. 3
-1.
4 .0
8 .0

-8
-4 .0.0
-2.
0
Qs
Qt
.0
0 .8
50
0
80
.024
BU
LB
TE
MP
E
55
RA
TU
40
RE
- F
.022
1 000
80
.020
'h
ENT HALPY
HU MIDIT Y RAT IO
'W
75
35
50
14 .5
75
R
TU
A
.016
ER
50 %
PO
TE
N
70
TI
O
1 4 .0
ME
%
60
-C
U.F
55
60
IR
%
50
45
35
YA
50
40
%
.5
13
15
R
B. D
RL
PE
50
T.
%
70
ADP45
4 0%
40
30%
1 3.
0
35
20 %
66
15
75
20
85
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
45 51
Y
IVE H UM IDIT
70
1 2.
10% RE LAT
10
.010
40
.008
.006
35
.004
.002
25
ENTHALPY - BT U PER PO UND OF DRY AIR
3-58 Assume room temperature humidity of 50%

and layout the state &
processes on
required from point c to s.
Supply Air:
sc p (t s -tr )
q sen = 120,000 x 0.5 = 60,000 Btu/hr = m
s =
m
45
.012
115
80
55
LU
VO
%
90
56
20
1
65
60
HUMI DITY RATIO - POUN DS MOISTURE PER PO UND DRY AIR
A
R
TU
62
SA
25
.014
65
R
PE
U
-B
T
Y
AL
P
70
D
F
N
30
TH
70
IR
Problem 3-57
.018
12 0
60,000
= 53,192 lba/hr
0.24 (75-70.3)
30
63
=53,192 x 16.33/60 = 14,477 cfm or 6.8 m3 /s

Q
s
Mixed Air:
o = 53,192 x 0.333 = 17,703 lba/hr

m
= 17,713 x 17.2/60 = 5,078 cfm or 2.4 m3 /s
Q
o
r = 53,192 17,713 = 35,479 lba/hr

m
=35,479 x 16.5/60 = 9,757 cfm or 4.6 m3 /s
Q
r
Reheat:
c c p (t s -t c ) = 53,192 x 0.24 (70.3-55.2)

q rh = m
= 192,768 Btu/hr or 56.5 kW

Coil:
m (im -ic ) = 53,192 (34.4 - 24.2) = 542,558 Btu/hr or 159 kW

q c =m
( 200,412 190,109 )100

= 5 .1 %
200,412
64

55
NORMAL TEMPERATURE
R
60
85

Copyright 1992
50
5000 FEET
1.0
.028
80
1 .0
60
1 8 .0
0 .8
0 .6
SENSIBL E HEAT
TOTAL HEAT
50 00
300 0
0 .5
0. 4
0. 3
0
200
0.2
0 .1
75
50
0
40
BU
TE
MP
.024
ER
AT
U
RE
55
-
F
.022
50 %
75
10 00
.020
'h
ENTHALPY
HU MIDIT Y RATIO
LB
75
17 .5
15
00
-0 .1
80
WE
T
.0
-0 .5
-0 .4
- 0.3
-0 .2
0.6
0.5
-1
45
-1 000
4 .0
8 .0

-8
-4.0.0
-2.
0
Qs
Qt
.026
-2 000
2. 0
35
'W
70
0
50
UR
ER
P
M
TE
PO
.016
TI
O
N
RA
TU
65
SA
.014
60
HUMIDITY RATIO - POUNDS MOISTURE PER PO UND DRY AIR
PE
R
TU
-B
LP
Y
A
90 %
EN
TH
25
60
%
90
55
ME
-C
%
60
U .F
50
45
U
OL
70
.5 V
55
50
16
%
80
20
T. P
IR
YA
30 %
10
55 (13)
15
75 (24)
20
90 (32)
110
105
100
95
90
85
70 (21)
80
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
I TY
TIV E HUMID
10% RELA
75
20%
70
1 5 .5
35
4 0%
.010
.008
.006
35
.004
25
40
.002
115
40
R
.D
LB
50
45
ER
40
35
16 .0
15
45
.012
12 0
AT
D
F
O
ND
30
65
17 .0
Problem 3-58
70
RY
AI
R
.018
30
Exerpts from this wrk may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-prort basis for
testing or instructional purposes only t students enrolled in courses for which the textbok has been
adopted. ny other reproduction or trnstin ofthis work beyond tht permitted by Sections ]07 or ]08
of the 1976 United Sttes Copyright ct withut the permissin of the copyright owner is unwful.
Requests for permission or further informtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment, John
Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] Rier Street' Hoboken, NJ 07030'
Chapter 4
4-1
(a) comfortable
(b) too warm
(c) comfortabe
(d) too dry
4-2
(a) comfortable
(b) too warm
(c) comfortable
(d) too dry
4-3
(a) Assume sedentary dry

using equation 4-4a,
bulb of 78
to,act =
75
F,
clo
o.5, met. = 1 .8,
5.4(1 + 0.5)(1.8
Relative humidity should be less than 50%

(b) Should wear a S\/eater or light jacket and slacks.
(clo = 0.8)
4-4
Use fig 4-1
(a) Summer,
to =
76 F or 24 C; Winter,
(b) Use equation 4-4a aS a guide,

met =
3.0,
tdb
:76
\/ith
to =
72 F or 22 C
clo = 0.2,
.2) = 71 F
o/
to =76
4-5
-5.4 (1+0.2)(3-1.2) = 64 F [winterorSummer]
From fig 4-3 temperature can rise about3.2 F.(j.g C)
t=68 +3.2=71.2 Fort=20+ 1.8= 21.8C
4-6
4-7
From fig 4-3 @200 fpm, temp rise 5.3 F (2.9 C)

with t,,"-t _ 9 F (5 c), temp rise 6.5 F (3.6 c)
to = (t,
T,fn
+t^r)|2, then using Eq.
='6* C\l2
4-1
g _Tr) = (53s)4 +(O.103 x 109) (4o)12(78_74)
tmft:82For27'8C
to=(74+82)2 = 78F or25.6C
4-8
Compute the operative temperature,

,xn
= 4q4
to = (84
to
(O.103 x 1o911eo11/'(o _76)= 83.5 F or 28.6 C
+76)12= 79.8 F or 26.5 C
From Fig 4-1, to
79'8 F and 50 % R.. is out of the comfort
zone. Recommend lowering to to about 77 F or 25 C.

tu
4-9
x72 F
Use Eq. 4-4 to estimate a value of the operative temperature
to, active, assuming to for sedentary activities is 78 F (25.6 C)

with met = 2.0. to, active = 78
5.4 (1 + 0.5) (2
1.2) = 71.5 F, (22C)
Exerpts fiom this work may be reprdued by instrutors for distribution on a not-1br-proit basis for testing or instrutiona puoses only to
students enrolled in urses for whih the textbook has been adopted' ny ther reproduction r trnstion of this wrk beynd ha permited
by Secions 107 r ]08 ofthe 976 Unied Stqes CopriPh cwithou he oermission fthe cpyrigh wner is unlful.
s an approximation
Tmrt = 2To
_,
and
Tflx =
Tno
* ci121Tg
_ ,
Eq '
(4-1)
eliminating Tmrt between the 2 equations
2(o_T3)4
= Tno
*CV1/21n _Tr)
where all temperatures are absolute
Solve by trial and error with T, =72+ 460
532 R
and Te =(71.5+460)=531.5 R, C=0.103 x 1Oe, V=30
ta=85F(30C)
Cold surroundings require high ambient air temperature
for comfort, even with high activity level.
4-10
(a) Most occupants will be uncomfortable because the relative

humidity is more than 60%, even with
trx
t,
(b) The lightest weight possible. Short sleeves, shorts,

open neck, etc.
(c) Lower relative humidity
if possible by adjusting the cooling
system to remove more moisture. Coud also increase the

relative air motion to highest values, perhaps use fans.
4-11
(a) Even
if the suit
was heavy weight, many executives would be
Xcets from this work may be reprodued by instuctors for distribution on a not-for-pro1'it basis for testing or instructional purpses ony to
students enrolld in ourses for which th tetbook has been adpted. ny other reproducion or trnstion f his rk beyond ht permitted
by Secions ] 07 or 108 o{ the ] 97 6 United Sttes Copyrigh c ithout the permissin of the coyright oner is unfu.
cool if sedentary.
(b) Would definitely be cold, especialy hands and feet.
(c) Probably would be comfortable
in typical work cothes
(d) Probably would be comfortable since they would keep

their coats on and would be walking around.
(e) Cold to very cold
4-12
Determine relative temperatures difference between inside and outside.
68 - 45 23
=
7 4 _ 45
29 Costs
74
68
4-13
- 45 29
- 45 23
are79o/o of that for increased setting, or
Costs are increased by
26o/o if
thermostat is raised.
Too much air motion in the cold winter months tends to cause drafts and
make people uncomfortabe. Air velocity just sufficient to prevent large
temperature gradients from floor to ceiling is best for winter. he opposite
is true for hot summer months. Higher air velocity tends to compensate
for high temperature and humidity.
4-14
(a) Raising the chiled water temperature will cause the cooling coil to
operate with a higher surface temperature and the relative humidity in
the space will tend to rise if the latent heat gain is signifcant such as
would be the case with many occupants, this could lead to
u
ncomfortable cond itions.
(b) Yes, during the unoccupied hours the space load may be almost totaly
erpts from thrs work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-fr-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to
students enrolled in ourses for whih the textbok has been adopled' ny other reproducion or rnsion of this rk beynd h permied
by Sections ] 07 or 108 f the 97 6 United Sttes Copyright c ithu he permissin f the cpyright oner is unlful.
Sensibe heat gain and the load is much less than the design value. ln
this case the chiled water temperature may be increased.
4-15
hese fans may bring air down in the Summer, increasing the
velocity of air in the occupied zone and providing improved comfort.
ln the winter, air may be drawn upward, pushing the warm air at the
ceiling downward where it can increase the temperature in the
occupied zone without increasing significantly the air motion below

the fan.
4'16
(a) able 4-2 gives a minimum required amount of ventilation air

of 15 ft3 /min per occupant. this is the minimum amount of
outdoor air that should be used under any circumstances.
Therefore, (Qo)rin = 15(30)
450
ft3/min
(b) on the basis of floor area, the occupancy woud be 25 and the
minimum ventilation requirement would be
Q,
15 (25) = 375 ft3 /min. lt would be better to design for
floor area if lowest air flow is desired. With 30 actua student air
flow is such a case woud be insufficient.
4-17
Use Eq. 4-5, Solving for C,

Cs
(QtC"
N)/Qt
C"
(N/at)
= (2001196 + (O.25l9o)
478 x 1o-6 = 478 ppm
XctS from this work may be reprduced by instrutors for distribution on a not_tbr-profit basis for tosting or instrutional purposes only to
students enoled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny her reprduction or rnsin of his ork beyond ha permied
by Secions ] 07 or 1 08 of he 97 6 Unied Stes Copyrigh c w ithul the permission of the cpyrigh oner is unlful.
or using Sl Units
c,
=
4-18
(2oo / 106)+ (0. 118 t 0.472x 9OO)
(2OO /
106) + (278 t 106):478 ppm
n = number of people to occupy a room
N=n(5.Oml/s)
Solving Eq. 4-5 for
N = Qt (C,
n
- C") = n (5.0) ml/s-Person
: Qt (C, - C")
/ (5.0)
2.8 (1000-280) / 5.
n = 403 persons or 0.0069 m3 /s
- person
For English Units:

n=
6000 (1oOO - 28Ox 10-6) / O.O107
= 404 persons
4-19
or 14.8 cfm/person
Use the M-100 media of fig. 4-8. From table 4-3, select a
12x24 x 8
unit; 650 cfm, P = 0.4 in. wg
At P = 0.25 in. wg. each unit will handle

Q
Ql |o'25 o.40]1l2
650 [O.25 t o'4oJ1l2
:514 cfm/unit. Then the number
of units
Ecerpts fiom this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructinal puoses only to
Studnts enroed in ourses for which the tetbook has been adopted. ny oher reproduction or rnston f his ork beyond ht
by Secions 1 07 r 1 08 of he 976 Unied Sttes Copyrigh c lithu he permission f the copyright oner is unful.
permied
;g =(2000
4-20
514) = 3.89 or
4. This
is a satisfactory number.
Use the M-100 media from Tabe 4-3 select a O.3 x O.6 x-O.2 unit.
This is rated at 0.3 m'/s with 1oo pa pressure drop.
60 pa the alowabte flow rate for each unit would be
Q = (0.3) (60/1 OOf tz = 0.23 m3/s
t P
require 1'Oolo'23 = 4'34 units. This requires at

east 5 filter units, but since this is an odd number, recommend
1.OO m3/s woud
using six units.

Trying the 0.6 x 0.6 x 0.2 filter the allowable flow per unit would be
= (0.62) (60/1}q1t2 =
0.48 This would require more than two

units of this size. conomies would determine the best choice.
4-21
Solving q' 4-1O for Q

Q
Qr [P / P,]1'2
N = ss00/235 =
Ve = Q/ =
4-22
= 9OO
[o'1 l0'15]1|2 =735 cfm/module
T.4g [must be integer] Use g modules
(2)(8)= 344fpm
'|-
5.7 fps
Solving q' 4-1O for Q

Q = Qr [P
P,J1l2 = (o'42) |24
l 37
'4]1t2 =
0.336
m=(2.8)/0.336=8.3
Use 9 modules, a 3 x 3 arrangement.
Excets from this work may be eprodued by instructors for'distribution on a not_1br-proit

basis for testing or instructiona purposes only t
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny
other ,rpr:orl'u"on or trnsion of this work beyond th permilec
by Sectins 1 07 or 108 f the ] 976 t]nied SteS Copyr?ht c w-ithut
thi permis'" oj n, copyrigh wner i unlful.
/3
VelocitY
4-23
(2.8)m3
FAc AREA
M-200; 0.6x0.6 xO.2;
/s
(0.3)(0.6)(e)m2
O.4Om3
=1.73m1s
/s/module
Use Eq. 4-10

P
ta / Q.]' :1OO
Velocity
4-24
lO,4OtO.42l2 =90.7 Pa
0.4
=2.22m1s
(0,3)(o 6)
No solution exists due to the fixed air quantity for the unit. This
part of the problem is intended to show the student that typical
direct expansion equipment cannot be used in this \May. lt also
shows that the load due to outdoor air is very large.
4-25
exhaust
sHF= 0.7
ho
o'25 rh"; Locate point 1 on psychrometric Chart at82'4 F db and
66.8 F wb
it = 31.4 Btu / lbm and v1 = 13.9 ft3 /lbm
fbr tSting o instructional puosS only to
Exerpts from this wrk nay be reproduced by instructors fo distribution on a nt-for-proftt basis
or rnstion f his wrk beynd h permited
students errrolled in courses fbr whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprodicrion
is unlful'
by Sectins 107 r ]08 ofthe t976 Llnited Sttes Copyrilht ctv,ithut he pemissin ofhe copyright oner
74
Q1, =
rhi (ii - is) = at
/V
35 12,ooo Qls
is = 31
.-
(60)
(i1
is)
= (350 l 12'000) (6 / v1)
''''J8?r;
''
(i1
_i.)
23'46 Btu / lbm
Locate on psychrometric chart' ts = 65'6 F db' 55'5 F wb

Q.r =
lil,
tr,
= il1
O,
(ir.
- is) = 36'000;
^
-- 23.46)
(27 .6
rh, (vr,
:8695'7
(13.4)
Qt" = 8695.7 (31.4 -
Qr
ir =27
'6 Btu / lbm

lb / hr
1940 cfm
23.46) = 69,000 Btu / hr = 5.75 tons
5.75 (350) = 2014 cfm
() Design filters for 2014 cfm, use M-200 media
of fig 4-8.
Try the 24x24x8 units of table 4-3. 920 cfm @0.4 in. wg.
For max. P of 0'125 in.wat.

Q = 920 [0. 125 tO.4O]
1t2
=514 cfm / module;
n = 2014 I 514 = 3'92, use 4 modules
4-26
Use the M-15 media,
93 % from fig' 4-3'
From table 4-2,60 cfm / person is required, outdoor air.

purpses only to
on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional
Excerpts tiom this work nay be reproduced by instructors fr distribution
th permied
beyond
work
ths
or
trnslionf
ny oher reprduction
students enrolled in ourses for which tl-e textbook -,u, ..n uopt"J '
copyright oner is unlwfu'
ofhe
permission
thi
\,'ithout
c
Copyrigh
Sttes
tJnited
he-|97|6
108
o7
by Sectins ] 07 r
75
-A fresh air balance on the filter gives QrEt
Qo
Qs
where Q,. is recirculated air, Qs is outdoor air and
Q. is supply
air.
8, = (60 - 20) 10.93 = 43.0; Q,
43.0 +20
63.0 cfm / person
or the total amount of air supplied is
63.0 x 55 = 3465 cfm; Try the 12x24x8 unit of table 4-3
Q/unit=9oO[O'1 /O.35]12=481 cfm; n =4755 l481

= 7 .2
modules
Use 8 modules [Note: The M-24 media could also be used]
4-27
Q, = (25 - 15) / 0.S = 12.5 cfm / person
4-28
= 15 +
12.5 =
27 .5 cfm / person
Filter location is B, figure 4-9
Use Eq. 4-12, solve for RQ.. since

RQ = { -QoEv[C,
_(1_Et)Co] + N}/ (EvEfcS)
RQr={-2OOxO.85[180-(1-0.8)0.0]+(10x150x35'32)]l
(0.85 x 0.8 x '180) where Co
RQr
0.0
185 ft3 / min or cfm
for-testing or instrutional puoses only t

Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-ibr-profit basis
of this ork beyond h permitted
rnslin
or
reprodiction
ny
other
adopted.
been
has
the
textbook
students enroed in ourses fr which
is
unl.ful'
oner
copyrigh
of
he
permissin
the
c
iithout
by Sectins 07 or 1 08 f the 976 tJnited Stes Copyrght
76
Qo
4-2g
= 2OO
cfm, Qs
(1S5 + 2OO) = 385 cfm
Solve q' 4-11 for RQ,

RQr
(_Qo)(Eu)(cr)+ N / rEiC,
RQr = [ (-20) (0.65) (220) + (125) (35.32 ft3/m3)]

(0.65X0.7)(220)
-9-*_!1!5^,
' =(0.65)(0.7)(220)
RQ.
4-3o
= 15.53 cfm/person
For filter location A, use q. 4-1 1, solving for RQ,
RQr
(-QoEvCs
N) / (EvEfCs)
RQr = t (-2OO (0.85) 180) + (10 x 120 x 35.32 ft3/m3

(0.85 x 0.8 x '180
RQr
4-31
)l
183 cfm, Qo
= 2OO
cfm;
d,
383 cfm
(a) This type of space will require a high ventilation (supply air)
rate to handle the load, air cleanliness is not the main criterion.
Therefore, a low efficiency filter with low pressure drop is

acceptable. From table 4-2, assume occupancy will be about 30
persons / l
OOO
ft2. So the total design occupancy is 90
persons. he design will be based on this occupancy although

the cooling requirements may dictate a larger supply air rate.
1br distribution n a not-fr-prfit basls for testing r instructinal purposes only to
ht permitted
students enroled in courses or which the textbok has been adopted. ny ther reprducion or trnstion of his ork beyond
by Secins 1 07 or ] 08 of the 97 6 [Jnied Sttes Cpyright c thout the permissin f he copyright oner is unlful.
Excets from this work may be reproduced by instrutors
77
A ''fresh air'' balance on the filter

d," = (20
gives
(Q" _ Qo) / Ef
-15) / 0.5 = 10 cfm / person recirculation rate
4-31 (continued)
, :
1O +
5 =25 cfm / person supply rate
Q = 25 x 90 = 2250 cfm total supply rate

Net face area,
(b)
= 2250
/ 35o
= 6'43 ft2
A higher efficiency would reduce the total amount of air and
reduce the required face area. However this is not desirable in

this case. First the filter system would have to be enlarged to
handle the greater amount of air. A lower filter efficiency could
be used and still maintain the required air quality.
For example, suppose the load dictates 4000 cfm instead of
2250 cfm, then for 90 PeoPle
4ooo / 90 = 44'4 cfm / person
Using a minimum of 15 cfm / person of outdoor air.

Qr. = 44.4
8.
Et
4-32
(a)
15 = 29 '4 cfm / Person
29.4: (20 - 1s) / Er

= 5 29'4 : 0'17 or 17o required
=
Q=
(Q, / v) 60
(i|.
l5x
-ir)
xerpts frm this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit b
studes enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reprduction
by Sections ] 07 or ] 08 of he 1976 Unied SteS Copyrigh c )ithou he permission fhe cop;
225 people
75F
RH=5%
125,0
78
x13 ft3
/ ba
. = (125,oOo x13)
Qs
(b)
60 x (28 - 1e.4
3,149 cfm
= o
= 15 x225
3,375 cfm
-D
(c)
)]
Q. must be 3,375
cfm, find
50 52
ne\/
Supply air condition
125,000 = (3,375 I 13) 60 (28 - i.)
i'
= 28
(125,000 x 13 ) / ( 3,375x 60)
20 Btu i lba
Locate new condition on chart aS Sho\/n' Coil must cool oDA

down to this new condition.
Excets frm this work may be reprodued by instrutors or distribution on a not-tbr-profit basis for testing r instructional purposes only to
students enroed in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny her reproduction or rnsation of his work beyond th permitted
by Sections 107 r ]08 ofhe )976 Unied SeS Cpyright ct withut the permissin fhe cpyright o]ner unl:wful.
Exets from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for
testing or instrutional purposes only to students enrlled in courses for which the textbook has been
adopted. ny other reproduction or trnsltin of this work beyond tht permitted by Sections 07 or ]0B
of the 976 United Sttes Copyright ct without the permission of the copyright owner is unlwful.
Requests for permission or further informtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment' John
Wiley & Sns, nc, ] ] ] Rier Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030.
Chapter 5
5-'1
4 =O.8 (Btu
(a)
k = Cx =0.2
(b)
k = 1 .14 x 0.1 = 0.114 W / (m-C)
in) / ( hr - ft2
5-2
(a)
C=k
5-3
(a)
R = 1lC= 1/0.055 = 18.3 (ft'-
hr- F)/
R' = R l A= 1 l CA= 18.3/ 10
x=o.3o / 5.5 = o.o55 Btu / 1ft2-nr_

(b) C = O.O43 / . 14 = .307 W/ (m2 _ C)
F)
11
Btu
0.183 (
hr-F)/Btu
(b) R ='1 I .307 = 3.26(m'-C)/W

R'=3.26l9.3=0.35C/W
5-4
Ri , Rgyp =1C=1l3'1=o'32
Rbtd = !0.33 = 3.03; Rair = 0.68
R=
R = 0.68
0.32+ 3.03
R-0.68
R=0.68
0.32+ 0.68
R=0.32
R = 5.03 (hr- ft2- F) / Btu
5-5
tnb
2
n2
+
R'=
2k| 2koL
AssumeL=1ft
k:0'2
Btu - in' t(ft2
_hr_F);
kp =314 Btu-in
te _hr_F)
81
lnside Surface (7 m/s
0120
overalI hermal Resis.
0.652 m2clW
Between Frame
t Framinq
Outside Surface
0.17
0.17
4 in. Face Brick
0.65
0.65
Sheathing
1.32
1.32
lnsulation
5-10
1.0
4.27
2x4 stud
Gypsum board
0.32
0.32
lnside surface
.68
0.68
14.14
7.41
otal
UA:U1; +U11, U = UiAi

r
14'5
A'
16
16^nd A =lan
/ + U11/A
=L
R
0 o77Btu
, = "14.14)
" +1=
:
7.41J
"
-)116
110
5-11
/ (r',..-tt'
-r)
A
An ordinary walt with
O.9 has a unit resistance of 0.68.
highIy reflective wall,
O.05, has a unit resistance of 1'70.
Assume radiation heat transfer is zero for reflective wall. hen

the resistance due to convection alone is approximately
Rc=1.7; hc=1/Rc=0.59; h.*r:1/0'68 = 1'47

Frac. Conv. = ha lh. *,
0.59 I 1'47 = 0'4
by instructors fr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only t

has been adopted' ny ther reprcluclin
the
texibook
*nh
from this work may be reprodued

xerpts
"'.;.;;;1l;l,,.o,rr.r'r-
o^:.:::Ei::::":!,::i:,i'''y''o"!:*!
-,
82
RzQ x 4\
Rr (2 x 6)
wind.
0'17
0'17
1. Outside surface, 15 mPh
0'79
0'79
2. Siding
1'32
1'32
3. Sheathing
11'0
19'0
4. lnsulation,
4'27
2x4
6.7
2x6
0'32
0'32
5. GYPsum wall board
0'68
0.68
6. lnside surface
18'55
28.98
Total
5-12
ssume 15 mph
Ut
0.035 Btu / (hr - ft2 - F)
2 __O.o54 Btu / 1lr - ft2 - F1

% DiffereC = [o'O5-4r_0-035) ''
)'
5-13
0.0s
ool = 35'2
Air space will be near the indoor temperature with small

t across the air Space.
Use t."rn
R
5-14
1.oz(rrr
50 F and t
10 F and read
-f( -r) I Atu
Assume tr"rn
R
5-15
50
F;
3.55 (hr - ft2 _F) /
[Tabte
S-3a]
or 0.18
m2clW
t = 10 F
Btu
or 0.62
(.2
_c/W)
[abte 5-3a]
qc/ = U"t
Find U for highly reflective surfaces because radiation will be
minimal. This will give a good approximation for the convection
component. From Table 5-2a,l1orz', heat flow down
83
Uc=1/R = 1l(2x4.55) =
0'11
q./
or
" --l'
(2x0
U^ _
= o.625; q.
0.625(63 - 43) = 12'5 W/m2
/ a '.4l
'l
, _ '4
|l
_[ l'
l _1o]
l(
='n'L1oO]
Q/A..
for 1= t2=O'9,
(q/A),.
= O.1
-]'
E : 0.82,
713 x9.s2 t635
l'
'
o
_s.ol
Radiation heat transfer is about 10 times greater'
5-16
U*
= O.O7 Btu / (hr - tt2
Ud = O.4O Btu / (hr - ft2
- F)
Uwin = O'81 Btu / (hr - ft2
Ad
11
g'
- F)
17 '78 ft2; Awin =25'0 ft2;
= 117 '2
20'
f(
Parallel heat flow Paths
I I_
5-17
U*A*
U66
U*;n*in
(o.O7 x117'2) + (O.4 x 17.78) + (0'81 x25'0)

117.2
O.3O Btu /(hr -
q/
f( _F)
or about
'72\ t(m' _
c)
= U(ti _to)
a not-for-profit basis fo testing or instructiona] purposes ony to

Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on
reprucion or rnstion of his work beyond h penitted
ny
her
uJo|t..
students enrolled in courses tbr wbich the texibook has been
: : -'-.41-^
^^^'',.:/a!
^''''av;"
"'-6!$
84
From Table 5-4b, construction 2, R = 8.90 (hr
Assume insulation does not
fitl the
ft2
F) / Btu
airspace'
tt' - f)/Btu and

Remove R for metal bath and plaster of 0.47 (f''.
)
\"' add R for acoustical tile and insulation'
Ceiling, R" = 1 / 0'8; insulation'
q/ = o'o48 (72 - 5) =
9!+=oe71wr(m2-c)
\
0.1761
Ud = 2.27
Uwin =
-a)'
Wl(m2
4'62w1(m2 -
Table 5-8
")'
Table 5-5b
35 m2;win =8m2;d = 2m2
U*A*
U6
1x35)
u _ Q.e7
-Fi
3'22 B / (hr _ ft2)
From Table 5-4a, Construction
Uw=
1'00;
0'048 Btu / (hr - ft2
R1e61=20.68; U = 1/R =
5-18
R='1
Uwinwin
(2.27x2)
35
(4'62x8)
-_
2.16 w
(m2
- c)
5-19
U = O.14 Btu / (hr
ft2 _ F1able5 _ 4a, Construction No. 2
R=1O.14 = 7'14, Rn =7'14_(1 to'44) + (1/0.55) =6.69

Un = 0.15 Btu/(h r
5-20
ft2
- F) or about .85 W
1m2-c1
ssume ardwood, k = 1.25 (Btu-in) / (hr - ft2 - F)

Winter
Summer
R =
0.68
Ri = 0.68
not-for_profit basis for testing or nstructiona purposes only to

Excts from thts work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a
reprouction or rfistion of his ork beyond th permied
students enolled in courses for which the tetbok has been adopted. ny ther
85
R =
'1
'375
0.25
R, = 2.03
1.25
R = 1 '375
1'25
Ro = 0.17
Ro =
R* = '1.95
-F)
U, =0.49 Btu / (hr-ft2
U* =0.51 Btu /(hr-ft2-F)
Both values are greater than the value given in
able 5-8 of O.39 Btu / (hr _
5-21
Computed: Ri
Ri
+RgaRo=0.96=R
Utub
-r);
l(m2
From Table
_c);
/'
5-5
Rn
l l,.Jfl
Table 5-5a
U=1.08 Btu / 1nr - ft2 - F)
-f( -r)
=U-R',
' ., = ++
1.og
Uw
computed
Table 5_5b; Same result
(b) ssume tr"rn : 50 F; t =

Ras = 1.ol (nr
-c)
or 5.92 wl(m2
_r);
1.O4 Btu / (hr - t2
or 5.91
5-23 (a)
F), but acceptable.
= 0.68, Rs = 0.03 (estimate); Ro = 0.25
U = 1.04 Btu / (hr - tt2
5-22 (a)
ft2
10 F
r atu
.O1
o.o89 Btu /(hr - tt2 _
_ .o29 Btu
lJur\ll/ (hr --Lft2
-'L)
= 1'94, Un = O.52 Btu/1lr-ft2-F)
11
_F)
_|
l
or O.51 W/(m2 _ c)ale 5-9
(-'_c)
-)
Jlv'l\J
vYl1l
or O'16 W/
ante 5-1o
(b) Q=U(ti _tg); tr= t"ur-A
xerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproducion or trnsltion f his ork beyond tht permited
..-_''r-] ^_':'_^'-
^'.'. ^'.4'
86
tavg
=35'8
:22
(2'44
(12
C)
5-23 (continued)
R"
R1,
Rrin =
5-25
0.89 (4 x 20 x7) (72 - 1 3'8) = 2,900 Btu / hr or 0.85 kW
qn = 0.029 (20
5-24
Figure 5-7
t:72re2c)
tg__35'8-22 = 13.8;
q*
C) Table 5-11}Chicao.lllinois
Un =
x20) (72 - 13.8) = 675 Btu /hr or 0.2 kW
0.029 Table
5-10
1l 0.48 Table 5-1a (Fibrous Pad)

2.08
36.6
Re
#"+
U"
0.027 Btu / (hr - ft2 - F) or 0.16 Wl(m'z - C)
(a) R*=:
"0089+11+
(1
t
\
g.1) =
22.6
U* = 0.044 Btu/(hr-ftu-F) or 0.25 w1m2-c)
Rf
+ (1 tO.4s):
-:
0029
36.6
Un = 0.027 Btu/(hr - tt2
-f)
or 0.155
Wl(m'z-c)
(b) Refer to problem solution 5-23

Q* = 0.044 (4 x20 x7) (72 - 13.8) = 1434
Qn =
5-26
0 027 (20 x20) (72 - 13.8) = 629 Btu / hr or 0.18 kW
Rins =
Btu / hr or 0'42k\^
4'1z
O.24Btu/(hr
(rrr
-'f(
_f( _r)l
tu
-F) or 1.36 Wl(m'z - c)
Excerpts fom this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-prfit basis for testing r instructional purposes only to
studentsenrolledincoursesforwhichthetextbokhasbeenadopted.
'l-''':'''
bSecti.s1[]7ny nn{t]o 1076'b;l.)l-l-"/-^4'-')-"}
nyherreproductionrrnstionofhisrkbeyondhpermied
:"'''.^'''
/ .*'
87
Then from Fig. 5-8, U'

Q=
5-27
U'P
0.85 Btu/(hr
- to) = 0.85 x 300172 -101
(ti
t =
72 F (22 C) Assumed
R"
= R5 +
Rfi,.,,
-f(
=R1
R1, Ub
-F) or 1.47 W(m-C)
15,8'10 Btu/hr or 4.63 kW
o.52 Btu / 1nr -tt2 _
11 Table
5-9
+Ru6*Rqyp=(5.0) + 0.0 +(1 12.22) = 7.22
1 +7.22=26.5
R^- 0.052
5-28
o.o38 Btu / (hr -ft2 _F) or o'22l(m'z_c)
U"
Ub
: 1.14
Rn
from Table 5-9
++
1.14
O.7 + (1
12'6)= 1.66 (m2-c)//, Un = 0.60 W(m2-
c)
or
Un = O'1OO Btu / 1nr -ft2
-F)
This does not account for the walls above grade.
5-29
U = 0'16 able 5-'10 (no finish)
Rn:++(t69)+
'
0.16 \
Un
5-30
(1 t4.6) =6.611m2-c1
= 0.15 W/(m2-C) or 0.027 Btu / (hr
q/A=
Un(ti
-ts)=
(ti
= ti _UnR1(ti
- r)
-tt)/Rt=(tt-t)lR2
Rl=Rgyp+R1nr+R1, R1 =
tl
-ft2
lw
(112.6)+ 0.7 +0.12=
0.90
_tg) =20 - [1.05 x 0.9 (2 - 10)]
Ecerpts frm this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for_pofit basis fr testing or instrutional purposes only to
students enolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted . ny ther reproduction or trnsltion of his rk beynd ht permied
'.''-:-' ^'"-^-:' "'-5{i
'
hi 9"};.-" a ^'' ]9 ^.}L- oaA L-;.^) c'-''^'
. . .
88
t1= 14.6 C or 58F

R2
Rrr, +Ri
I 12.6) +0'12='20
tz = 20_ [O.60 x O'2 (2o-1)] = 18.8
5-31
q/A=Un
(ti
or 65.8 F
_tg)=(t _t'')/R1; Rl=Ri +Rc
= 0.12 + (1 I 4.6) -- 0.34

t=20_ (O.15) (O.34) (20-10) = 19.5 c or 67 F
5-32
= 0.2 Btui(hr-ft2-F);
U'P
8=
U'ni
(t1
_to);
Figure 5-8
Ui, = 0.81 Btu/ (hr-ft-F) or 1.a
1.37 Btu / (hr - ft -F)
(a) q/P = 0.81 (70 - 5) = 52'7

(b) q/P = 1.37 (70 - 5) = 89'1
5-33
Q=
W(m-C)
t / R'
R'=
Eq. 5-25; L>>'
Btu / (hr - ft) or 50.7 W/m

Btu / (hr - ft) or 85.6 W/m
L=
100ft
2kL
. zoo x121^ tn(12x1OO/2x3o)l
_'nL-o--@J
_3"10012)
R'
= 8.
12
1O-3 thr - F) / Btu
Which neglects the resistance
of pipe wall.
purposes only to
for distribution on a not_for-profit basis for testing or instrutional
Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors
f this ork beyond ht permited
r
rnslioi
reprucin
oher
ny
uJo|i"a.
".,
hu,
''
:
'1-"4'
Students enollod in courses fbr h'ih the textbook
"'
^'
L- Q.nl;n-"
n ^.'
'
70-42 - =3,4488tu
6' 8.12 x 1O-'
/ hr;
q/L
= 34.488tu/(hr-ft)
1W/m
orq=1.01 kW; 9=33
L
5-34
Q=t /R'
R'g
=4.98x10-3 C/W
2 (1.4) 100
film and the tube wall'

Neglect resistance of the inside
'
O=
5-35
60-5
----------c =11.04kw
4.98 x 10--
Moisturewillmovetowardtheinside.Locatethevapor
insulation'
retardent on the outer side of the
retardent is placed on the
The insulation will beome wet if the
plywood would probably \/arp
inside or left out entirely and the
and rot.
5-36 (a) Q/A = Uo(ti

Ro = O'68
_to)=(t _t1)/R1 =(ti
O'45 +1
1+
1'O +O'8 + O'17 = 14'1
Uo
_F1
O'o71 Btu /( rr - ft2
Rr
0'68
R2
O'68
+
+
O'45 = 1'13( hr O'45 +11
_t)lR2
f(
-F) / Btu
-12'13(hr
- ft2
-F)
/ Btu
tt=t_R1Uo(t_to)=7O_(1.13xO'O71)(7O-1O)=65.2F
purposes only to
basis for esting or instructiona'
for distribution n a no-for-prol
yt.pern:ted
insructors
by
reproduced
be
lnay
Excerps rom his \rk
j:*tbook has *9,i'"l'Ji."o"'i,-:';;;;;;;;;;;"ii"111i117; ,:y::'::'|"*o
students enrolled in courses fo ^: lh.
90
tz=70-(12'13 x 0.071) (70-10) = 18'3 F

of air to surfaces
(b) At 70 F, 3O%o R.. and possible leakage
or 2-
tdp=37F<65F-ocondensationexpected
(c)Since|z=lS.3Fismuchlessthanthedewpoint,condensation
would ocur'
1'
Place vapor retardent at the location of interface
5-37
Assume infiltration is negligible

ufAf (ti - t") = UwA*(t. - to)+ U'P(t. - to)
rilcp(tc - to)
+(U** +U'P+rhcp)to',ti=72F;
(UtAt + U** + U'P + rhc, )
*c __UrAtt,
ssume 1.5 in. of wood floor, Pine;
=1;
'Rf
U,
Rwoo =
to =
1o F
'1'5l0'8 =1'88
Rt =O'92+1'88+O'92 =3'72;Ut=0'27
Ur= 0'27 x 30 x 60 = 484 Btu/(hr-F)
rr
-a'R*
"*_Rw
=0.68+(6/15)+ O'17 =1'25',U*
O'80
U*A* = O.8O x 2(30 + 60)2 -- 288 Btu/(hr-F)
U'P=1.8x(30+60)2=324
,h.p
20 x 0.075 x 60 x o '24
x72
+
c_-484
+ (288 + 324 +
= 21
'6 Btu/(hr-F)
21'6)10
484+288+324+21'6
5-38
36.85 F
(a) Q/A = U(ti -to) = (tr-to)/R1;
(construction 2)
+
Uz=0.112', Rr=O.17 + 0.33 + 4'17 2'22 = 6'89
only to
basis fo 1e^sting or lnstructional purposes
'
by instructors for distribution on a not-for-pofrt
permited
ht
beyond
ork
Excrpts from this work may be rproduced
his
of
t.d. ,-ny otlr", ,rproEu.in r rnslio
-'", "*
students enolled in courses fr whih the textbo"t
"J"p
91
t1 =
(6.89 x 0.112) (72-0) = 55.6 F
(b) U :
Rr
0.211 (construction 1)
= 0.17 + 0.33
ti =to+R1U(ti
(c)
+2'22
2'72
-to)=O + (2.72x0.211)(72-0) = 41.3F
lf room air leaks into the air space for the case of no roof deck
insulation (b) there could be some condensation since
t6p =
50
F at72 F and 45% R. With the insulation, no condensation

would be exPected.
5-39
(ti
-to) / Rr
= (ti
-ti)
/ R1
R, = 4'5 or O.79 1m2-cyw ; able 5-4a (Const. No.1)

R
0.68
O.45 + O.94 =2.O7 1nr-tt2_F1/Btu or 0.365 1m2-cru
Between Furring and block
tl
= ti _
ft,'
tdp = 9.5
_ to) = 22_
ffir'+17)
= 3.98 C or 39
C, Assuming room air can diffuse into the air space,
condensation likely will form on the concrete block surface.

Therefore, place vapor retardant on inside surface of gypsum
board. Use foil backed retardent. Retardent must not touch

concrete blocks!
purposS ony
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional
,.,-r.':'!!i|',?!
.o,,'",'to. *ni:|
j:;bo has been adopted.
;;#;;;;ln
lh
o'l
"!!1:
to
":::::i:::::":!,*r::!''n! 'y,'o**o
92
5-40
U1A1(ti-tn) + Ua+(ti-tn) = 2U33(tn-to) + lJzAzftn-to)
_ (UlAl + Uzz )ti + 2Uggto + Uzzto

''
2sg + UzAz * Ull * UqA
,^
UrAr
UzAz
0.09 x 8 x 20 = 14.4',
U33
0.09x3x8
= 1.08
UA=0.09x3x20=5'4
0.09 x 8.54 x20 = 15.4',
_(4.4+15.4)70+(2 x 0.8 x o) + (15.a x o)

rL6=
-S5.8F
"
(2 x 1.08) + 15.4 + 14.4 + 5.4
Place water pipes in this space with some caution.
5-41
Uf
f (ti-tb ) = (U** + Utt
tg = turg
Ut =
- - 37.6 _23
&
Rf
)(t -tg ) ; ti =
72 F
= 14'6 F or B C
(2 x 0.92) + (1 5/0.8)
2.1 = 5.82
Carpet and Fibrous pad assumed, Ur = 0.172 Btu/ (hr U*
=.164 Table
tb=
ltrti
U11
+(
5_
U**
9;
Uot =
0.029 able
ft2 - F)
_ 1o
+ Ubf f )tg
+ U** *Urr
x72)
r,
l'b-_(0.172x400
+ (.1G4 x 80 x 7 + 0.029 x 4OO)1a.6
to = 30.3 F or -0.95 C
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit
basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses fr whih the textbook has ben adopted. ny oher reproucion
or rnslii qf his ork beyond h nermied
by Seins 07 r ! 08 n! n." t o7A t r;lDs <}-t-^ .^^',-]-Ll t 1: ^^...'- -
basis fr
by instructr9 jor distribution on a not-for-prrt
Excerpts frm this work may be reprodued
been
has
textbook
enrlled in ourses for whih the
testing or instructinal purposes on1y to studes
or
]07
Sections
of this work beyond tht permitted by
adopted. ny other reproduction or trns,ltion
unlwfu'
is
ct withut the permission of the copyright owner
0B f the ]976 Unitei Sttes Copyright
John
should be'ddressed ti the Peimission Deprtment'
Requests fr permissioln or furthir"infrmtion
iiria son, nr, ] 1 ] Rier Street, Hoboken' NJ 07030'
CHAPTER
6-1
PSYC may be used to find the

Refer to Table B-1 . The computer program
R'
humidity ratio from t66 and assumed 100%
Wind
Direction, deg.
CCW from N
OR
11
140
0.0
(b) Milwaukee, Wl
-2
13
290
0.0
-9
10
0.0
24
12
340
0.003
(e) lbuquerque, NM
18
360
.0
Charleston, SC
28
20
0.003
(a) Pendleton,
(c) Anchorage,
(d) Norfolk,
(f)
VA
6-2
possible condensation on inside
Design relative humidity is determined by
(which is the maximum dewof glass. Find glass surface temperature
poi;t temperature of the inside air allowed)'
q/A = U(t' - to) = Cr(tr - b)
t= 72"F; t., = glass Surface temperature
U = 0.65 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)' Table 5-5a
111
c1 uhi
C = 1'172
, hi = 1.46 Btu/inr-ft2-f)
Btl (rrr-ft2-F1
94
tr=
Uti + to (Cr
cl
- U)
lndoor
City
T,
oF
tr=
Outdoor
,
oF
top,
oF
Design or
Max.
RH-%
72
-10
35.5
26.2
72
23
50.2
46.1
72
42.6
34.6
72
41.3
32.9
72
39
57.3
59.9*
(g) Boise, lD
72
-'16
32.8
23.6
Rapid City
72
44.0
36.5
(a) Caribou, ME
(b) Birmingham,
(c) Cleveland,
(d) Denver,
CO
(e) San Francisco,
RH = 60 o/o would probably be uncomfortable

R = 40 to 50% would be more realistic
6-3
Assume that the weather strip does not change the convetive heat loss.
From Figure 6-2, Cp = 0.3. Using Eq. (6-7b) with the air density of 0 'F,
the pressure difference due to wind is
:
P. =
[o
.086!\'( ls*ot * |.467 fi
ft')\
mph) (o.rnr.o
z.(y.rrbm_ ft)
P* =
l'\
lbf_s')
t"'tt )
lbf l ft')
0'037in'wg
ssuming slight stack effect, P
^y
0.04 in. water
Using Table 6-1 and Fig. 6-1,

puoses only to
Excets from this work may be reprduced by instrutors for distibution n a not-for-profit basis or testing or instructional
nytherreproducionorrnslionofhisrkbeyondthtPermied
studentsnrolledincursestbrwhichthetextbookhasbeenadopted.
by Sections 07 or 08 ofthe ]976 United Sttes Copyright ctthout the permssin ofhe copyrigh oner is unlaful-
95
Loose fit with non-\/eather-stripped, K - 6; a lL = O.75 cfm/ft

Loose fit with weather-stripped, K= 2; Q/L = O'24 cfmtft
Total length of crack, = [(3 x 3) + (2 x 5)] x 9 = 171 ft
Using Ll2for calculation, then
Q,, = 0.75 x 17112= 64.1 cfm, Q, = 0'24x17112= 2O'5 cfm
I
Now Q, =
Q,r-8,,
Q,,
rh cr(t1
to)
-At-4, Qt
cp(t;
tr)
64.t-20.5
64.r
= 0.68
or a reduction of 68% in sensible heat loss.
Also, (Kl
- K)l1=
-2)16 = 0.67 or 670/o Reduction.
6-4
From Fig. 6-2, Cp = 0'52tor windward wind'

Assuming standard sea level air density, the pressure difference due to
the wind speed of 13 m/s is
P., =
z.( .okg
ry]
s)
_*
_ 53.6P
t i/-s'
(a) From Table 6-2, K = 1 for tight-fitting.

Then, from Fig. 6-1, Q/L = 0.60 L/m-s
Q = 0.60 x (0.9 + 2'0) x2 = 3l8_L
ssuming that the wind speed and wind direction are the Same as the
given conditions for the bank at Rapid City, SD, the heating load (at -20'6
basis for testing or instructional puoses only to
Ecerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors fo distibution on a not-fbr-prfit
or rnslion f his rk beyond ht permited
repriucion
ny
oher
been
adopted.
has
the
textbook
fbr
which
in
ourses
students enol1ed
owner is unlwful'
copyrigh
permission
fhe
he
cilhou
rJnited
Copyright
States
]08 ofthe 976
by Sections
107
or
--6.C outdoor temp. and 72'C indoor temp.) due to the door infiltration can
be calculating using Eq. (6-2b) as:
a,
(:
. o
.#l
('
r,
* }r)rr,
1_zo.o1)"
c=
393.tW
(b) From Table 6-2, = 2 for average-fitting'

Then, from Fig. 6-1, Q/L = 1'25 L/m-s
'1
.25x (0.9
+ 2.0)
OO'+)
, _(', .zs* 0
x 2=7-25--Lls
('.rrfil rrrn?)o,
e20.6))" C = 819 0W
(c) From Table 6-2, K = 6 for average-fitting'

Then, from Fig. 6-1, Q/L = 3.40 L/m-s
= 3.40
=(l
x (0.9
2*
+ 2.0)
x2
19f2-Lls
('.#l rr, *}a)o'_e20.6))"C

'001c)
_2227'6W
6-5
From Figure 6-2, C = 0.52' Using Eq. (6-7b) with the standard air density,
the pressure difference due to wind is
o'sz (o
p _
\-
s#)
(zz-en-
(
b^_f)
z.| z.17':::-_!lbf _s'z)
r2
#)'
o.rnro :n:
r,
^\
lbflft')
P'
0't35in'wg
Neglecting stack effect and pressurization, P - 0.135 in' water

From Table 6-1, K = 2 for average-fitting with non-weather-stripped.
From Fig. 6-1, Q/L = 0.60 cfm/ft.
L" = [(3 x2.5) + (2 x 4)]x3 = 46.5 ft
puoses only t
on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instrutronal
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution
studentsenrlledinourses1brwhihthetextbookhasbeenadopted. nyotherreproduc'onorrnsionfthisrkbeyondhtpermited
permisiin ofhe cpyrigh oner is unlwful'
by Sectins 107 or ]08 oftnn isri {Jnied SeS Copyrigh chu ie
= 0.60 x
46.5 = 27.9 cfm.
b-b
(a) The wind effect is assumed to be independent of height and pressure
differences due to wind are the same as those given in Ex. 6-1.
3'd
Floor: P"/C
= 0.037;
orientation P,
Windward 0.03
0.03
0.03
Sides
Leeward
gth
Foor:
P,
= 0.037 x 0.8 = 0.03 in.
P*
0.066
-0.066
-0.033
P./Co _ -0.100; P,
P
.96
-0.036
-0.003
-0.100 x 0.8 = -0.08 in. water

P
-0.14
P,
0.066
Windward -0.08
-0.066
-0 08
Sides
-0.08 -0.033
Leeward
orientation P.
water
-0.'146
-0.1 13
(b) For Bitlings, MT, design conditionS are to = -7oF, t= 72"F, = 28o/o.
From Table 6-3, K = 0.66 for conventional urtain wall.
ir will infiltrate on windward side only on 3'd floor.

Windward - 3E floor
QiA = 0.15 cfm/ft2; Q = 0.15(120 x 10) = 180 cfm
Then 9 = (1 80 x 60/1 2.4)(0.24)(72 - (-7)) = 16,514 Btu/hr
"
Q,. = (180 x 60/12.4)(0.005 - 0.000)1060 = 4,616 Btu/hr
Qt = Q, + 8r. = *1-3oBtu1h [3'd Floor]
gth
Floor
- All exfiltration
Qt
on this floor.
otur
19th
Floo
puoses only t
EXerptS from this wrk may be reproduced by instructors for distributioIr on a not-for-pro1it basis for testing or instrutional
h permitted
students enrolled in courses tbr which the textbok has been adopted. ny her reprotluctin r trnsltion of this ork beyond
by Secions 07 or ] 08 of he 976 t'Jnited Stes Copyrigh c 1ihou he permission f the cpyrigh lner is unrful.
986-7
Doors: Double vestibule type

P = o.146 in' water, assume 1/8 in' racks
Q/L = 16 cfm/ft tFg. 6-7] , L -- 32 ft [Ex' 6-2]
Q = 16 x 32 x0'7 = 358 cfm
(Assume30o/oreductionforvestibuledoors)
(a) Windward
6-7 (Cont.)
Side Doors: Double vestibule tYPe

P = -o'o52 in' water' 1/8 in' cracks
Q = O.O (negative pres' dff')
(b) Windward: P = O146 in' water' K
Q/A = o.2o cfm/ft2 [Fig. 6-6]
0'66 lable 6-3]
A=120x10=1200ft2
Q
= 0.29(120) =
in' water' K = O'66 [Table 6-2]

= O.O (negative pres' dff')
Sides: P
240 cfm
= -O'O52
UULeeward: P = O'047 in' water, K

Q/ = O.1Oo cfm/ft2, A = 1200 ft2
= O'66
[Fig' 6-6]
= O.1O(1200) = 120 cfm;
Total infiltration for the walls is

8* = 240 + O.O + 120 = 360 cfm
(c) Totat infiltration is sum for doors and walls'
From x.6-2'for leeward door' Q = 179 cfm'
Then the total door filtration is
Qo=358+179=537cfm(neglectinfil.duetotraffic).
Andthetotalwallinfiltrationis360cfm,thenQ=897cfm
only to
basis for testing o instructional puoses
instuctors fo dlstribution on a not-for-profit
beyond hct permied
xcerpts tiom this wk may be reproduced by
ork
textbook has been uaot,i 'ny ornr, ,rprort|uron'o''trnston-ths
students enolled in ourses t. *-'}, the
per-ission of he cpyright oner is unfu'
Ses Cpyrgh' ''i"rii'i"''
to:ii'inir-d
n'
o7
]
08
or
1
07
Sectins
by
'i"
9V
70oF
For Charleston, WV: to = 1 1oF' ti =
q, = (897 x ll \ 'z)(o'z4)(70-11) = 65'25 Btu/hr
q. = (897 x 60/1 1'72)(1060)(O'OO5 - O OOO) = 24'338 Btu/hr
q = q" + 9. = 89,363 Btu/hr
6-8
pressure difference due

(a) Assuming standard sea level air density, the
to the wind sPeed of 20 m/s is

(
o.o,urt\'(zo*pt *1.461L:\ /
,,_
|.9/+ tbfl
UUWindward: P*=O197xO25=ooo:
Leeward: P* = O"197 x (-0'5) = -0'099 in
fi,J
=o 197in,water
- } E:l, n*l:
AssumPtions:
_
40oF
1) temperature differenc, t to' =
zi tle neutral pressure level is at floor 9'
3) the floor height is 12 ft', and
4) C = 0'80'
Then, from Fig.6-5,
Floor
Floor
Floor
Floor
P" = O'13 x O'8O = 0'104 in' water

1: h = 108 ft., Pr/Co = O.13, and
in' water
5: h = 60 ft., P, = 0'065 x O'8O = 0'052
-0'068 in' water
15: h = 72ft., P, = -O'O85 x 0'8O =
-0j28 in' water
20: h = 132ft., PS = -Q'160 x O'80 =
Leeward
Windward
puoses only to
basis fr testing r instructional
by instrutos fo distribution on a not-for-profit
h permtted
Excerpts tiom this work may^b reprodued
the textbook *' 119iJ]1'^"'i";:i:j!i::;:;:;:':""":jfi,':i:,i{:x:x#,.beyond
unlwful
is
students enrolled n couSes tor whih
owner
coyrigh
he
of
;}i::j;fii,Z'i'"f!"in:ii'ini,a s**,
copy,ign,'a;,\iiio"i'',
& r *--,-,
i,.'i-n
100
Flnr
1
15
20
P*
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.049
P"
0.1 4
0.052
-0.068
-0.128
P
0.1 53
0.101
-0.019
-0.79
P"
0.104
0.052
-0.068
-0.128
P*
-0.099
-.099
-0.99
-0.099
P
0.005
-0.047
-0.167
-0.227
(b)
6-8 (Cont.)
.*
& \d
tl
-o.2
R.
*E*-lfi$ffard
lnfiltration
.1
0.0
-.1
.2
ilt. lrate
".-,t
LErard
from 1't to 13th Floor

Leeward Sides, 1't Floor onlY
- Windward Sides,
Foor
Exfiltration _ Wind\/ard Sides, from 14th to 2oth
Leeward Sides, from 2nd to 2Oth Floor
1rt floor, lnfiltration on all sides
windows
(c)
through doors, walls and fixed
for tight fitting.

Windward Walls: from Table 6-3, K = 0'22
f rorn f ig. 6-6, Q/A = O.OB cfm/ft2'
A=(1+60)1 2=1920f(
= O.O8
x 1920 = 154 cfm
puoses only to
basis for testng or instrutional
by instructrs for distributon on a not-for-profit
beyond h Permied
ork
Ecets fom this work may be reproduced
r*rin-hs
textbook ,u, ..n uipi"J . ny other reproa|ur'r,in-o,
students enrolled in courses for whih the
of he cpyright owner is unlful'
Sttes Copyrght ct ithou ie permision
by Sections 07 r ] 08 o7 rnr'i 9ii'i'ie
11
for tight fitting'

Leeward walls: from Table 6-3, K = 0'22
From Fig. 6-6, Q/A = O'OO5 cfmlft2'
A = (1OO + 60)12 = 1920 f(
Q =0.005x1920= 10cfm
for 1/8 in' crack'

windward Doors: from Fig. 6-7, Q/L = 17 cfm/ft
6-8 (Cont.)
For vestibule doors, assume a 35% reduction'
Q/L = 17 x 0.65 = 1 1'05 cfm/ft
L = (3 x 6.75) + (2 x 6) = 32'25 ft
Q = 11.05 x 32.25 = 356 cfm
cfm/ft for 1/8 in' crack'
Leeward Doors: from Fig. 6-7, Q/L = 1.5
or vestibule doors, assum e a 35o/o reduction'
Q/L = 1.5 x 0.65 = 0'975 cfm/ft
= O.975x32'25 = 31 cfm
Then,totalinfiltration(neglectingtrafficeffect)is
+
551 cfm'
Qtot = 154 + 1O + 356 31 =
negative pressure differentials for
(d) and (e) lnfittration rate is zero due to
the 1Sth and 2th floors'

6-9
For Minneapolis, MN:
to = -1
1oF'
t1
= 70"F
'
[Note:t=70-(-11)=81oFisinconsistentwithProblem6-8where
to be minor]
error is assumed
t = 40"F was used; however, an
floor'
(a) From Prob. 6-8, Q = 551 cfm for 1't
Btu/hr
q, = (5s1 , dotl 2'15)(0'24)(70 - (-11)) = 52'896
o.ooo) = 11,537 Btu/hr
o, = lbSt x 60/1 2.15)('1060)(0.O04 Qt= Qr* Qr. =64,433 Btuihr
(b) and (c) qt = O'O due to zero infiltration

puoses only to
basis fo'testing r instrutional
by instrutos for distribution on a not-for-profit
ht permied
beyond
wrk
his
Excets frm this wrk may be reproded
o' oon'otionf
the ,.o" oi i'"r'i""n uopt.a. ,q"y "rn}')ir"ai.iion
students enrol'ed in courses for whih
of the copyrigh owner is unl:wful'
permsion
tie
t]nited SeS "iyriii
by Sectins 107 r 1 08 f the 97 6
'i,thout
ii
102
6-10
For Des Moines, lA:
to =
-4oF, ti = 70oF'
windows, doors,
Transmission heat loss (negtecting infiltration) through
walls, and roofs can be determined by Eq. 5-19 as:
q = UA(t -to)
2= 144ft2;
Windows: A
= (3 xa)1
Doors:
= (3 x 6.75)1
wails:
From Table 5-5a, U = 0.55 Btu/(hr - ft2 -'F1;

q = 0.55(144)(70 - (-4)) = 5,861 Btuihr
2=243ft2',
From Table 5-8, U = O'28 Btu/(hr - ft2 - 'F);
(assume panel with metal storm door)
q = 0 28 (243)(70 - (-4)) = 5,035 Btu/hr
64)21- 144- 60.75 = 1395.25ft2',

From Table 5-4a, U = 0.14 Btu/(h r -ftz - 'F);
= 8[(36 +
Q=
O.
14(1 395. 25)(70
(-4)) = 14,455 Btu/hr
Roof/Ceilinq: A = 36 x 64 = 2304 ft2',

rorn Example 5-3, U = O.83 Btu/(hr _ ft2 _ 'F1;
q = 0.083(2304)(70 - (-4)) = 14,151 Btu/hr
can be determined
Transmission heat loss through the slat-on-grade floor
bY Eq 5-23 as:
Q = U'P(ti -to)
Floor:
p = (36 +64)2=200ft;
R-value
u' = o.8o Btu/(hr - ft - F), from Fig' 5-8 (assume insulation
of 5.4 (hr - ft2 -'F)/ Btu and d = 2ft)'
q = 0.8(2OOX7O - (-4)) = 11'840 Btu/hr
heat losses;
Finally, total transmission heat loss is the sum of all
for testing or instrutional puses only to
instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis
Exerpts tiom this work may be reproduced by
his ork beynd h permited
trnstion
or
reproa'o"
ny
oher
.
ui.J
t'u, ."n
students enrolled in urses t win the txtbok
is unlful'
oner
copyrgh
he
of
per.isiion
tie
copyrgnt
by Secions ] 07 or ] 08 o7,n, i o)i inted Stes
iriiiiiou
103
qt
6-1
5l.Btut
standard air density,

From Figure 6-2, Cp= 0'52. Using Eq' (6-7b) with the
the pressure difference due to the wind of 15 mph is
(0
LP,
5[ 0.0765y\fr' )
P*
z.(nllbry__s2
_
lbf
0.058 in. water
pressurization' thus
For a low-rise building, neglect stack effect and
P1 = 0.058 in. water
and doors'
From TabIes 6-'1 and 6-2, = 1 for tight-fitting windows
From Fig. 6-1, Q/L = O.'13 cfm/ft'
ft
L" = [(3 x 3) + (2 x a)]x3 + (3+6.75)x2x3 = 109'5
e = 0.13 x 109.5 = 142 dm,
9s
Qr=
Qt=
(14.2 x 60/1 2.15)(0'24)(70
(-4)) = 1,245 Btu/hr
('zx60/12'15)(16OX.O5_0.00)=372Btulhr
Q, + Qr. = 1,617 Btu/hr
6-12
For alifax, Nova Scotia:
to = 2oF, ti =
70oF'
Refer to Problem 6-10 for other data'
Windows: q
= 0.55(1 44)(70
2) = 5'386 Btu/hr
Doors:q=0.28(243)(70-2)=4'627Btulhr
wails:
13,283 Btu/hr
Q = 0.14(1 395. 25)(70 - 2) =
ootrcuno: q = O.083(23O4)(70 -2)= 13'004 Btu/hr
q = O.8(2OX70 _2) = 10'880 Btu/hr
*r,
or instructional puoses only to

for dlstribution n a not-fbr-profit basis for testing
Ecets from this work may be reproduced by instrutrs
his ork beyond th permitted
rnsltion
or
repro3''o'
other
ny
.
t u, .", ui.J
students enrolled in ourses fbr which the textbok
unwful'
is
wner
copyrigh
he
of
per*isiion
/ii i"i.d Sror", copyrsnt ii 'iiiou i"
by Sectins ] 07 or 1 0B q
'n""i
Total:
104
qt =
4loBtu/hr
6-13
oF; ti 70"F
=
Memphis, TN; to = 21
R*= 0.92+ 1.55 + 0.99 + 1.77 +0.17 = 5.4 (Tables 5-1 a'5-2a)
U* = 115.4 = O.'185 Btu/(hr - ft2 - 'F)
Us = 0.81 Btu/(hr - f( - "F) (Table 5-5a)
s = 6xax3 = 54 ft2
n* = (40xl O)-54 = 346 ft2
q,= 0.185 x 346 x (70 - 21) = 3,136 Btu/hr
qs = 0.81 x 54 x (70 - 211= 2,143 Btu/hr
Qtotrl =
5z auk!
6-14
Concord, NH; to = -2F, ti = 70oF

R*= 5.4-0.99+ 3.0=7.41
U* = .135 Btu/(hr _ ft2 - "F)
Us = 0.81 Btu/(hr -f( - 'F) (From problem 6-13)
q* = 0.135 x 346 x [70 - (-2)]= 3,363 Btu/hr
qn = 0.81 x 54 x (72) = 3,149 Btu/hr
Qtotr =
1Buer
6-15
lnstructor suPPlies solution.
6-16
(a) q=9s
vs
(i'
iu)
puoses only to
for distibution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional
Excets from this work may be reprodued by instuctrs
th permited
beyond
ork
f
his
or
trnstion
repriuctn
udo|ted ' Any other
students enolled in ourses tbl which the textbook t-'as b"en
is
unlcnful'
oner
cpyrigh
Act ithou tie permisiion of he
by Secins 07 or ] 08 7 *e l ol i ined Stotn, Copyrght
(280'00)(14.6)
q":-=:-_
.^=
_
v!
_21.8)60 =^251
i._iu
19(S
(b)
2.7
q = rh cp(t, -
Q'
t..)
q,
9
vs
cp(ts
105
cfm
tr)
(250,00)(14.6)
;r==
5'633 cfm
(O24X1 15_7O) =
6-17
SHF
-100'999
= -3.O3
= 33, ooo
===,
- oo, ooo)
4st
Q./(9. + ")
(1
Locate states, and ondition line and heating pocess on psychometric

chart.
_ t')
Q. = rh cp(t, _ tr) or h . = q
'/cr(t,
h. = 100,000/(0'24 x20) = 20,833 lbm/hr
Q. = h. X vr/6O = 20,833 x 14.05/60
Q" = 4,878 cfm or about 4,900 cfm
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students enolled in ourses for whih the textbok has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trnslion of this work beynd ht
by Secions 107 or ] 08 of the 97 6 Unied Sttes Cpyright c ,ithout the permission f he copyrigh oner is unlnful.
106
ffi
p
n
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nyotherreproductionortrnsltionfthisorkbeyondthpermitted
studentsenlledinoursesforwhichthetextbookhasbeenadopted.
] 07 or 108 of he 976 [Jnited SteS Cpyright ct ihout the permission of the copyright oner i3 unlful.
by Sections
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testing or instructional purposes only to students enrled in courses for which the textbook has been
adopted. ny ther reproduction r trnsltion fthis wrk beyond tht permitted by Sections ]07 or 0B
of the 976 United Sttes Cpyright ct without the permissin f the copyright owner is unlwful.
Requests for permission or further informtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment, Jhn
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Chapter 7
7-1
First, find longitude from Table B-1a
Then, convert Daylight Saving Time to Local Standard Time using Eq. 7-5
Next, determine the equation of time from Table 7-2
Finally, determine Local Solar ime using Eq. 7-6
he following table Summarizes the solutions of the problem.
Location
Norfolk,
VA
Lincoln, NE
Casper, WY
Pendleton, OR
London, UK
7-2
Longltue'
76.2
96.75
106.47
118.85
0.45
Standard
Meridian,
o
75
90
105
120
0
Daylight
Savings
ime
9:00:00 M
1:00:00 PM
10:00:00 M
3:00:00 PM
7:00:00 PM
Local
^.-"":' Eouation
tanar
o -'
llme
ilme
LocalSolar
llme
M -2'41 min 7:52:47 A|'

PM -2.41min 11:30:35M
9:00:00 AM -2'41 min 8:51:43 M
2:00:00 PM -2'41min 2:02:11P
6:00:00 PM -2.41min 5:55:47 PM
8:00:00
12:00:00
our angle (negative for morning and positive for afternoon) can be
determined by
h:5* (LST _l2)

(a) h = 15*(8.19 -'12:00) = 15*(-3.683) = -55.25 deg.
(b) h = 15*(10:03 - 12'.00) = '15*(-1 .950) = -29.25 deg.
(c) h = 15*(15:46- 12:00)= 15*(3.767)= 56.50deg.
107
(d) h = 15"(12.01 - 12:00) ='15*(0.017)= 0.25 deg'
7-3
t sunset and sunrise, =0"; sin(B)
From Eq. 7-8; os(/)
os(h). os()
- _sin(/).
sin()
os(h,,) = os(ft,,) = _ tan(/)' tan()
The following table summarizes the solutions of the problem.
Location
MT
orlando, FL
Anchorage, AL
Honolulu, l
Billings,
Latitude,'N
'i"J;::',3" Cos(h)
45.8
28.43
61.17
21.35
20.6
20.6
20.6
20.6
^ffi::.
-0.3865 112.7
-0.2035 101.7
-0.6829 133.1
-0.1469 98.4
',|1:ff ',t''i
AM
AM
3:07 M
5:26 AM
4:29
5:13
7:30 AM
6:46 AM
8:52 AM
6:33 AM
Note earlier sunrise at greater latitudes

7-4
/=
33.0 deg. N
h = 15.(9-12) = -45.0 deg.
on Sep 21,
= 0.0 deg.
From Eq. 7-8; sin(B)
: os(/).
os(ft). os()
sin(/). sin()
= 0.593
= 36'37 deg'
From q' 7-11
cos{
s =
;
sin os/ _ cos sin / os h
= -0.478
= 118.57 deg. (clockwise from north)
-"o,
nn a nnt-fnr_nrnfit hqqis fr testin or instructional puoses only to

Exerpts from this work may be reDroduced bv instnlctrq f'r rliqtrih,lfinn
108
7-5
At sunris e,
_ 0"; sin(B)
From Eq. 7-8; os(/)

os(h,. )
(a)
'
os(h)
'
os() _ _sin(/)
' sin()
_tan(/)' tan()
June 21'' -- 23'45 deg; / = 58 deg'
-8'93 hours
cos h = -O'6942; h = -133'96 deg' or
Sunrise is at 3:04 AM (Solar Time)

From Eq. 7-11;
__ sin
^^^
"oo
cos /
os sin / os h
cos
= O.751
north)
= 41.33 deg. (clockwise from
(b)
cos h
Dec21'' = -23'45 deg;

=
= 58 deg'
0.6942; h = -46'04 deg' or -3'07 hours
Sunrise is at 8:55 AM (Solar Time)
. sincos/
os="
From q'7-11;
_ossin lcosh
=-0'751
from north)
= 138.67 deg. (ctockwise
7-6
Maximumsolaraltitudeangle,willoccuratsolarnoon,h=0
]09From Eq.
_
û*:90 _ Min\, u,)
7-1O,
From Table 7-2, |'u"l = 23.45
(a)
Denver,
CO:
= 39.75 deg. N.
For north latitude, / is positive and greater than |rrr| so we need largest
positive value of .
From Table 7-2, 'u" = 23'45 deg. and hence '", = 73.70 deg.
Therefore, maximum solar altitude angle occurs at solar noon on June 21.
(b)
Lansing, Ml: l= 42.77 deg. N.
For north latitude, / is positive and greater than |rrr| so we need largest
positive value of .
From Table 7-2, 'u"= 23.45 deg. and hence 'u"= 70.68 deg.
Therefore, maximum solar altitude angle occurs at solar noon on June 21.
(c)
Sydney, ustralia:
/=
33.95 deg. S.
For south latitude, / is negative and

largest negative rralue of .
|/|
is greater than l'u"l So
\/e
need
From Tabe 7-2, 'u, = -23'45 deg. and hence '", = 79.50 deg.
Therefore, maximum solar altitude angle occurs at solar noon on Dec 21.
7-7
Longitude'. Lt= 100 deg. W
Local Standard Time. LCT = 3:30 pm
on Nov 21, Eo
= '13.8 min
instrutional puoses nly to

Excerpts from this orktnay be reproduced by instrutors for distibution on a not-fr-profit basis for testing or
l . _-__t!^lj.-^^''-^^^
''^'^-^).'^1:^'"^-|-âclntinnnfthj.srkbeondhDermied
110
Using Eq. 7-6,

pm.
LSf
= 15.50
(100-90).4 /60+ '13.8/60 = 15.063 Hr or 3:04
Latitude: l = 37 '5 deg.
our ange: h = 15-('15.063-12)
on Nov 21,
45.95 deg.
= -19.8 deg.
Using Eq' 7-8 to calculate solar altitude, = 21.36 deg.

Then using q.7-11 to calculate solar azimuth;
from north)
Surface azimuth;
= 12+180 = 192
226'56 deg. (clockwise
deg. (clockwise from north)
Finally, using q.7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth
y= 1226.56-1921= 34.56 deg.

7-8
Using q' 7-13b to calculate angle of incidence for a vertical surface
= 39.92 deg.
Using q' 7-13a to caIculate angle of incidence for an inclined surface

For surface tilt = 70", = 32.30 deg'
7-9
For Ottawa, Ontario on July 21,
Longitude. Lt= 75.67 deg. W

Latitude: = 45.32 deg. N
XetS from this work may be reproduced by lnstrutors for distribution n a not-for-profit basis fr testing or instructional purposos only to
studerrts enroled in curses for whih the tcxtbook has been adopted. ny her reroductio or r1fisin f his work beyond ht ermited
Equation of ime: oT
= -6.2 min
Dec|ination: = 20.6 deg.

(a) Eastern Daylight Savings Time:
EDSI
4:00 pm
Using Eq. 7-6, LS7- = 14.852 Hr or 2'.51 pm.

Hour ange: h = 15*(14'852-12)
42.78 deg'
Using Eq. 7-8 to calculate solar altitude, = 47"16 deg.

Using q'7-13c to calculate angle of incidence for a horizontal surface,
= cos-1(sin(47.16)) = 42'84 deg.
(b) At
sunset,
cos(fr
):
0 and sinp
=Q
_tan(/). tan()
Hour angle: h = 112.34 deg.
Solar time at sunset:
LSf
= 12 + hl15 = 19.49 hr or 7:29 pm.
astern Daylight Savings ime can be calculated by
7-10
(L'
DST
- oT
+L
EDS
= 19.49 +(75.67-75)-(4/60)-(-6.2/60)+1
LST
_ S(4min/deg-t4l)
20.638 hr or 8:38 pm.
For Philadelphia, PA on July 21,

Longitude'' L= 75.25 deg. W
Latitude: / = 39.88 deg. N
Equation of Time: oT = -6.2 min
Declination: = 20.6 deg.
Eastern Daylight Savings Time: EDSI = 10:30 am
xerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis fr testing or instrutional puoses nly to
students enrol]ed in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. nyl other renro,l1ft;h ^v lf.lî^,^ ^{lL]d 'l^yL o1'^') t1nt ^trmtted
112
Using Eq. 7-6, LS7 = 15.852 Hr or 3:51 pm.

Hour angle: h = 15-(15.852-12) = 57.78 deg.
Using Eq. 7-8 to calculate solar altitude, = 49'42 deg.
Using q' 7-11 to find solar azimuth;
(a) Using q' 7-13c to calculate angle of incidence for a horizontal surface,
= cos-1(sin(49.42)) = 40.58 deg.
(b) For vertical surface facing southeast, Surface Tilt; = 90 deg., and
Surface azimuth; = 135 deg. (clockwise from north)'
Using q' 7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth , y= |114'3-135
20.7 deg'
Using q' 7-13b to calculate angle of incidence for a vertical surface,

=
cos-l(cos(49.42)cos(20 7)) = 52'52 deg'
(c) For inclined surface faing south, Surface Tilt; = (90-40) = 50 deg.,
and Surface azimuth', = 180 deg. (clockwise from north)'
Using q' 7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth, y= l114.3-180|
65.7 deg.
Using q.7-13a to calculate angle of incidence for an inclined surface,

d = cos-1 (cos(49.42)cos(65.70)sin(50)+sn(+g.42)cos(50))
46.'t 1 deg.
7-11
7-12
7-13
For Calibou, M on July 21,
instructional puoses only to .

Exerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors f,or distribution n a not-or-profit basls for testing or
hl permted
rerlu"',--:':::':::!*::::]'-g:,od
ny
other
has
been
adpted.
the
texook
for
which
in
courses
enrolled
students
113
Longitude' Lt= 46.87 deg. W

Latitude: l= 68.02 deg. N
Equation of Time: EOT = -6.2 min

Solar Parameters; = 346'4 Btu/hr-ft2 or 1093 Wm2, B = 0.186,
and C = 0.138
Eastern Daylight Savings Time: DSr = 2:00 pm
Surface Tilt; = 60 deg.
Surface azimuth, SW; / = 225 deg' (clockwise from north)
Using Eq. 7-6, LSI = 14'72 r

Hour angle: h = 15.(14.72-12)
= 41
.58 deg.
Using Eq. 7-8 to calculate solar altitude, = 36.04 deg.
Using q'7-11 to find solar azimuth;
__
230.2 de9. (clockwise from north)
Using q.7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth, y= 5'2 deg'

Using q' 7-13a to calculate angle of incidence, = 7.45 deg.
Using q' 7-15 and clearness number of 1,

796.75 Wm2
Gry =
252'51 Btu/hr_ft2 or
Using q' 7-16a, G = 250.28 Btu/hr-ft2 or 790'03 Wm2

Using Eqs, 7-18 and 7-2O, G= 26'13 Btu/hr-ft2 or 82'46 Wm2
Therefore, total clear sky irradiation is276.51 Btu/hr-ft2 or 872.49 Wm2
7-14
Given lnformation:
Date: June 21
Longitude' Lt= 96'0 deg' W
quation of ime: oT = -1 .4 min
puoses only to
Eerpts fiom this wrk may be reprdued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis or testing or instructional
f his wrk beyond h permited
students enrolled in ourses fb whih the textbook has been adopted. ny ther rerucion r rJ'lsalion
114
Solar Parameters; = 346.1 Btu/hr-ft2 or 1092 Wm" ' B = 0' 1 85,

and C = 0.137
Central Daylight Savings Time: CDSI = 8:00 pm
Surfae ilt; = 90 deg.
Surface azimuth, SW; / = 225 deg' (clockwise from north)
Reflectance from water; Ps = 0'25
Using Eq. 7-6,
LSf
= 18.58 Hr
Hour angle: h = 15-(18.58-12) = 98'65 deg'
Using Eq. 7-8 to calculate solar altitude,
Using q' 7-15,
G, =
= 7 '02
deg'
76'24 Btuihr-ft2 or 240'5 Wm2
lrradiation reflected from the ground can be determined by
Gn: PrF.r(sin +C)G'o

where F'ncan be determined from q'7-24'
Therefor, G = 2'47 Btu/hr-ft2 or 7'8
7-15
Wm'
Given lnformation:
Date: lar 21
Equation of Time: o = -7'5 min
Solar Parameters; = ao.g Btu/hr-ft2 or 1164\Nlm', B = 0'149'
and C = 0.109
Local Solar Time: LSf = 12:00 Pm
Surface Tilt; = 90 deg'
Surface Azimuth, S; = 180 deg' (clockwise from north)
Clearness number; CN = 0'95
Diffuse Reflectance from Sno\/; n = 0'7
Hour angle: h = 0.0 deg.
puoses ony to
distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instrutional
Excerpts from this work may b reprodued by instructors for
of his rk befrr] .hot nermiti
rnstion
or
,eroucion
thei
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has
been
'qn
students enrolled in courses for which the textbok
115
Using Eq. 7-8 to calcuate solar altitude, = 34'0 deg'

Using q' 7-11 to find solar azimuth;
Using q' 7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth,
7r=
Using q' 7-13b to calculate angle of incidence,

Using q.7-15, Gtv
Using q'
0.0 deg.
34.0 deg.
268.5 Btu/hr-ft2 or 847 '1 \lm2
-16a, G = 222'6 Btu/hr-ft2 or 702'3
Using qs' 7-21 and 7-22, G
= 33.O Btu/hr-ft'
Wm'
or 104. 1 \lm2
lrradiation reflected from the ground can be determined by
G^: PrF'r(sln+C)G'o
where F*n can be determined from q.7-24'
Therefore, GR = 62'8 Btu/hr-ft2 or 198.1 \lm'
7-16
Given lnformation:
Date: Aug 2'1
Latitude: I = 32.0 deg. N
Equation of Time: oT = -2'4 min
Solar Parameters; = 350.9 Btu/hr-ft2 or 1107 \llm2, B = 0'182,
and C = 0.134
Local Solar Time: LSf = 10:00 am
Surface Tilt; = 45 deg.
Surface azimuth, SW; / = 225 deg. (clockwise from north)
Diffuse Reflectance from ground; n = 0.3
Hour angle: h = -30.0 deg.
Using Eq. 7-8 to calculate solar atitude, = 56.1 deg.

Exerpts from this wrk may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-pofit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to
students enrolled in ourses for which the textbok has been adopted. ny her renrdcin or trnstion f thi't yk hcn] thl nPrmitt/]
116
Using q.7-11 to find solar azimuth; = 118.7 deg. (clockwise from north)
Using q.7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth, r= 106.3 deg.
Using q.7-13b to calculate angle of incidence,
Using q' 7-15,
Gruo =
61.5 deg.
281'8 Btu/hr-ft2 or 889'1 Wm2
Using q'7-16a, G = 134'4 Btu/hr-ft2 or 424'0 Wm2

Using Eqs. 7-18 and 7-2o, G= 32'2 Btu/hr-ft2 or
10'1
'7
Using Eqs. 7-23 and7-24, GR = 11'9 Btu/hr-ft2 or 37 '7
\m"
\'lm2
',11.9) = 178.6 Btu/hr-ft2 or

Using Eqs. 7-25 , Gt= (34.4 + 32.2 +
= (424.0 + 101 .7 + 37.7) = 889.1 Wm'z
7-17
The following results are determined from a computer program employing

equations in the book from Eqs. 7-6 to 7-26'
Following tables summarize input and output data calculated for southwestfacing vertical window at32 deg. N latitude, 90 deg. W longitude, for all
daylght hours of a clear day on July 21with ground reflectance of 0.2 and
clearness number of 1.
lnput Data
Longitude 90
Standard Meridian 90
-6.2
EOT
32
Latitude
Declination 20.6
225
Surf Azimuth
90
Surf Tilt
346.4
A
0,186
B
0,138
c
cN1
0'2
RoG
deg
deg
min
deg
deg
deg
deg
Btu/hr-ft2
to
on a not_for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only
Exerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution
nr trn'ntinn n{1|1jq anr' holn'] th' 29;fio)
fn/^.h'"tinn
othcr
n
heen
adonted.
has
textbk
students enrlled in courses tbr vhich the
117
Output Data
cDsr
7.00
8.00
9.00
LsI
5.90
6.90
7.90
10.00 8.90
1.00 9.90
1
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
*Unit
.
,.
-91.55 9.50 71.57
"
Gruo* Go* Ga* G* G,*

153.43 151.90 112.19 O.OO 6.97 3.40 10.37
-76.55 21.78 78.63 146.37 140.64 209.84 o.OO 13.03 10.68 23.71
-61.55 34.38 85.69 139.31 128.74 249.18 o.OO 15.47 17.51 32.98
-46.55 47.09 93.60 131.40 116.76 268.71 o.OO 16.69 23.39 40.07
-31.55 59.65 104.24 120.76 104.98 279.23 o.OO 17.34 27.g5 45.2s
10.90 -16.55 71.33 123.59 101.41 93.63 284.65 o.OO 20.57 30.90 51.46
1 .90 -1.55 78.52 172.69 52.31 83.01 286.52 34.88 24.03
32.03 90.94
12.90 13.45 73.44 229.79 4.79 73.4s 285.30 81.05 27.54 91.28 139.87
13.90 28.45 62.18 252.83 27.83 65.62 280.70 115.85 30.36 28.70 174.91
14.90 43.45 49.71 264.52 39.52 60.08 271.44 135.41 31.69 24.45 1g1.54
15.90 58.45 37.00 272.79 47.79 57.55 254.30 136.46 30.69 18.81 185.97
16.90 73.45 24.37 279.93 54.93 58.44 220.69 115.51 26.33 12.15 153.99
17.90 88.45 12.00 286.94 61.94 62.60 141.60 65.16 1s.97 4.90 86.03
h,
of lrradiation is Btu/hr-ft,
7-18
Using the developed program, following tables summarize input and output
data caculated for south-facing Surface tilted at 45 deg. on Apr 21 in
Louisville, KY.
lnput Data
Longitude
Standard Meridian
Eo
Latitude
Declination
Surf zimuth
Surf Tit
85.73
90
1.1
38.18
1.6
180
45
1
358.2
0.1
deg
deg
min
deg
deg
deg
deg
Btu/hr-ft2
64
0.12
CN
RHOG
0.2
Output Data
tSI
1.0
2.0
3.0
h,
-165.0
-150.0
-'135.0
'.
-38.3
-32.9
-24.8
,"
18.8
35.7
49.8
," Gruo*
161.2 164.4 0.0
144.3 150.0 0.0
130.2 135.4 0.0
,"
JD
G*
0.0
0.0
0.
0.0
0.0
0.0
JR
^*
0.0
0.0
0.0
ra
^*
0.0
0.0
0.0
Exerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distributin on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes
only to
students enrolled in courses for whih the textbok has been adnted. nll nthy
"o^.^)"
118
4.0 -120.0 _15.1 61 .5

5.0 -105.0 _4.3 71.6
6.0 -90.0 7.1 80.8
.0 -75.0 18.9 s9.9
8.0 -60.0 30.6 99.7
9.0 -45.0 42.0 111.3
10.0 -30.0 52.3 126.8
11 .0
-15.0 60.2 149.3
12.0 0.0 63.4 180.0
13.0 15.0 60.2 210.7
14.0 30.0 52.3 239.2
15.0 45.0 42.0 248.7
'16.0 60.0 30.6 260.3
17 .0
75.0 18.9 270.1
18.0 90.0 .1 279.2
19.0 105.0 -4.3 288.4
20.0 120.0 -15.1 298.5
21 .0
135.0 _24.8 310.2
22.0 150.0 _32.9 324.3
23.0 165.0 -38.3 341.2
24.0 180.0 _40.2 360.0
o.o o.o
o.o o.o
99.2 91.4 95.7 o.o
118.5 120.7
18.4 106.0
90.1
80.3
68.7
53.2
30.7
0'
30.7
53.2
68.7
80.3
90.1
99.2
*Unit
of lrradiation is Btu/hr-ft,
108.4
1
18.5
130.2
144.3
161.2
180.0
o.o
o.o
9.8
76.8 215.8 49.2 22.1

62.5 259.6 120.0 26.6
48.4 280.3 186..1 28.7
35.1 291.1 238.3 2g.8
23J 296.5 271.5 30.4
18'4 298'2 282.9 3o.5
23.7 296.5 271.5 30.4
35.1 291.1 238.3 2g.8
48.4 2S0.3 186.1 28.7
62.5 259.6 120.0 26.6
76.8 215.8 49.2 22.1
91.4 95.7 o.o 9.8
106.0 o.o o.o o.o
120.7 o.o o.o o.o
135.4 o.o o.o o.o
150.0 o.o o.o o.o
164.4 o.o o.o o.o
175.2 o.o o.o o.o
0.0
0.0
0.7
2.8
4.8
6.5
7.8
8.6
8.9
8.6
7.8
6.5
4.8
2.8
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.5
74.1
151.4
221.3
275.9
3,10.5
322.3
310.5
275.9
221.3
1s1.4
74.1
10.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.
0.0
7-19
Using the developed program,.following tables
summarize input and output
data calcuated for an east-facing windw, 3
ft. wide by 5 ft. high, with no
set bak on a clea r Jul21 day in-Boise, lD.
Longitude
nput Data
Standard Meridian
oT
Latitude
Declination
Surf Azimuth
Surf Titt
A
B
116.22
120
-6.2
43.57
20.6
90
90
346.4
deg
deg
min
deg
deg
deg
deg
Btu/hr-ft2
.'186
CN
RHOG
h, o
LSr
5.0 -,105.0
6.0 -90.0
0.1
38
0.2
Output Data
,.
,'
,"
3.8
65.0
74.8
25.0
14.0
15.2
o Guo* Go"
25.3 21.5 19.5
20.6 160.9 .150.6
,
G*
3.6
27.4
GR* Gt* e
0.4 23.5 352.4
6.'1 184.1 2761 .3
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced

by instructors for
on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instruionalmosesonl},
rnich the texthn.. hqc h-.- ".1l'_':9*':'
ilffi;;;;;l#;':il;:'r;
to
119
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
1.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
15.0
16.0
17 .0
18.0
19.0
1
*Unit
oE
-20
-75.0
-60.0
-45.0
-30.0
-15.0
0.0
15.0
30.0
45.0
60.0
75.0
90.0
105.0
24.7
35.6
46.2
56.1
63.8
67.0
63.8
56.1
46.2
35.6
24.7
14.0
3.8
84.4
94.8
106.9
123.0
146.7
18.0
213.3
237.0
253.1
265.2
275.6
285.2
295.0
25.3
35.8
48.6
62.1
76.0
90.0
5.6
4.8
16,9
33.0
222.0
251.6
267.7
276.8
281.6
283.0
104.0 281.6
117 '9
276.8
131.4 267.7
144.2 251.6
154.7 222.0
159.4 160.9
154.7 21.5
56.7
90.0
123.3
147.0
163.1
175.2
.185.6
195.2
205.0
of lrradiation is Btu/hr-ft2
200.7
203.9
177.2
129.6
68.2
0.0
0.0
.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.3 249.9
18.1 260.6
23.0 236.3
36.8
38.5
36.1
31.4
26.2
21.5
17 .5
17 '2
16.6
.15.6
13.8
10.0
1.3
26.8
29.2
30.0
29.2
26.8
23.0
18.1
12.3
6.1
0.4
187.8
123.6
3747.9
3908.9
3544.7
2817.2
51.4
46.6
44.0
39.7
33.7
26.1
16.1
1.8
18s3.6
771.7
699.7
659.8
594.8
505.9
391.9
241.6
26.7
is the rate at which solar energy strike the window in Btu/hr
Given lnformation:
Latitude:
l= 32.47 deg.
Surface azimuth, S;
z-=
180 deg. (clockwise from north)
Windowwidth;W=4ft.
Windowheight; H=6ft.
Setbackdistance; b=1 ft.
(a) On
April2l

Local Solar ime: LSr= 9:00 am
Hour angle: h = 15.(9-12) = -45.0 deg.
Using Eq. 7-8 to calcu|ate solar altitude, = 43'82 deg'

Using q' 7-1'1 to find solar azimuth; = 106'27 deg. (clockwise from north)
Using q' 7-12 to calculate wall-soar azimuth, y= 73'73 deg.
X
Using qs. 7-28 to 7-30 to calcuate shaded dimensions,

!
t
r-
= (1 ft.)-tan(73.73) = 3.43 ft.

y = (1 ft ).tan(43.82)/cos(73.73) = 3.42 ft.
6'
Shaded area can be calculated by
4'
x.erpts from- this work may be reproduced by instructors 1br distribution on a not-or-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only t
students enrol1ed in courses fbr which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprducion or rnsl.tii of his wrk beyni th permied
bySections]07r]08ofhe976UniedlqaeC-apyrighcw,ihouheDern&1!!Mf1hecwlrjsh1
oue-r
j'9g!!-g+&!.
."!:'.''' a
'-7
120
,h =W
_ (W
x)
(H _ y) = 22'52
ft2
7-20 (Cont.)
Therefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded is 93"8%.
(b)
On July
21

Local Solar Time. LSl. = 12:00 pm
Hour angle: h = 15*(12-12) = 0.0 deg.
Using Eq. 7-8 to calculate solar altitude, = 78.13 deg.

Using q.7-11 to find solar azimuth; = 180.0 deg. (clockwise from north)
Using q' 7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth, r= 0.0 deg.
Using Eqs. 7-28 to 7-30 to calculate shaded dimensions,
x = (1 ft.)*tan(0.0) = 0.0 ft.
y = (1 ft.)*tan(78.13)/cos(0.0)
4.76 ft.
Shaded area can be calculated by
,h=W*H_(W _x)*(-_y)
= 19.03ft2
herefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded is 79.3%.

(c) On Sep 21

Local Solar Time: LSl. = 5:00 9m
Hour angle: h = 15*(17-12) = 75.0 deg.
Using Eq. 7-8 to alculate solar altitude, = 12.61 deg.

Using q'7-11 tofind solarazimuth; =261.81 deg. (clockwisefrom north)
Excerpts from this work may be reprduced by instrutors for dlstribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instrutiona] puoses only
studentsenrolledincoursesforwhihthetextbokhasbeenadopted. nyotherreproducionortrnsionfthisrkbeyondthpermted
;a ''"^''t\'1
by Secions 07 or ]08 ofhe 976 [JnitedSesCnriqhl '| \ithn1t th hovh'i'Ci' n{tho '^---:not '1lv'-
to
121
Using q' 7-12 to calculate wall-solar azimuth , y= 81.81 deg.

7
-20 (Cont.)
Using q.7-28 to calculate the horizontally shaded dimension,
X,
x = (1 ft.).tan(81.81) = 6.95 ft.
Since x is greater than W, the window is completely shaded.

Therefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded is 100%'
7-21
Given: Problem 7-20 with a tong 2 ft overhang located 2ft above the top of
the window.
For this problem, bo for overhang is the sum of the overhang depth and the
setback; hene, bo = /+] = 3 ft.
(a) he vertically shaded dimension on the window due to the overhang
can be calculated bY:
lo=botanlcosy_!o-.
where 1rr-, is the distance of the overhang above the window. Therefore,
o = (3 ft.)*tan(43.82)/cos
Sine
(73'73) - 2 _ 8'27 ft'
is greater than H, the window is completely shaded.
Therefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded is 100%.

(b) Similafly, yo= (3 ft.)- tan(78.13)/cos(0.0)
- 2=
12'27 ft'
Since y, is greater than H, the window is completely shaded'

'100%'
Therefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded is
basis 1br testing or instrutional puoss ony to

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or rnslin | this ork beyond ht permied
reprucJio
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aJopted.
has
been
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whih
the
fbr
in
courses
students enrolled
'1
l^'-!'1
'
^
b,ySectins 07 r 08of the 1q76-ito)-qf'''"?""";*13
122
the setback' there is no
(c) Since the window is completely shaded due to
need to calculate Yo'
-22
setback'
Given. Problem 7-2owith 6 in. setback instead of 1 ft'
(a) Using Eqs. 7-28 to 7-30 to calculate shaded dimensions,
x = (0.5 ft.)*tan(73.73) = 1'71 fL

, = (o.s ft.)-tan(43.82)/os(73'73) = 1'71 ft'
Shaded area can be calculated bY

,n =W
_ (W
_x)* (H _ y) = 14.19 fi2
is 59'1%'
Therefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded
(b) Using Eqs. 7-28 to 7-30 to calculate shaded dimensions,
= (O.5 ft.)-tan(0'0) = '0 ft'

, = (.s ft.)*tan(78.13)/cos(0'0)
_-
2'38 ft'
Shaded area can be calculated bY

,l, =W
_ (W _'T )
(H _ y) = 9'52
ft2
shaded is 39'7%'
Therefore, the percentage of the window that is
(c)UsingEqs.T-28to7-3Otocalculateshadeddimensions,
x = (0.5 ft.).tan(81'81) = 3'48 ft'
, = (O.S ft.)-tan(12.61)/cos(81 'S1) = 0'79 ft'
Shaded area can be calculated

,h =W
bY
H _(W _.)* (H
y)
21'27
ft2
or instrutional puoses ony to

for djstribution on a not-for-profit basis or testing
Excets from this work may be reproduced by instructors
studentsenrolledinoursestowhichtnetexookhasbeen
o7Abi+^)c'-!"^^f''";..1'!
h'Srtinnrl07nrl0Rn{t1o
iy'nrrrrprourô-o,rnsliiofhisorkbeyondthtermitted
^l"i'r'i
''',.'"''^""i'-''""'''''-"'^-^{i"^^^'^'';-^1
'''-''"i"-^'{"l
123
Therefore, the percentage of the window that is shaded is 88'6%'
-23
on December 21, Declination: = -23'45 deg. Using the same procedure
as described in Problem 7-20, the following table summarizes the

calculated data.
Solar Surface- '"Jlff#:"'

:"^::j Hour Solar Azimuth,
Solar Dimension
Angle, ltitude,
:,ol1' "";
o
o
Time,
Azimuth,'
f\Zllul
'' " 1x1, ft
hr
1'37
8.OO -6O.O0 9.98 126.22 53 78
',136.52
o'95
43 48
9.OO -45.00 1g.4g
0'60
1o,oo -3o.oo 27.17 148.96 31'04
o'29
1.OO -15.00 32.27 163.69 16'31
o
oo
O'OO
18o.OO
34.08
12.00 O.OO
29
0
16'31
196.3',1
32.27
13.00 15.00
o 60
14.00 3O.OO 27.17 211'04 31'04
0 95
43'48
48
22g
19.49
15.00 45.00
1'37
53'78
23g.78
16.00 60.0O 9.98
'1
-24
-25
-26
-27
"#::
Shaded
Dimension Area,
(y)' ft
o'30
o'49
0'60
0'66
0'68
0'66
0'60
0 49
0 30
ft2
8'98
7 '18
5'65
4'20
2'71
4'20
5 65
7 18
8 98
%Shaded
rea
37
'4
29'9
23',5
17
1
',1
17
'5
',3
'5
23'5
29',9
37
'4
This problem is similar to ProblemT-21 but the overhang depth is 3 ft

in
instead of 2ft. Since the window in ProblemT-21 is completely shaded
all
all cases. he window in this problem is also completely shaded in
cases since the overhang depth is greater in this problem'
Eqs'
First, we need to know angle of incidence and solar irradiation. Using
problem),
7-8 to 7-26 (or a computeiprogr developed for previous
puoses only to
on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional
Exets 1iom this work may be reproduced by instructors for distibution
studentsenroledincoursestbrwhichthetextbookhasbeen
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124
incidence angle and solar irradiation on a southwest-facing window for

Boise, lD on a clear July 21 day at 3:00 pm solar time are
Angle of Incidence = 52.4 deg',
Direct Solar lrradiation: Gp = 163'4 Btu/hr-ft2'
Diffuse Solar lrradiation: Ga + G = 34'5 + 23'0 = 57 -3 Btu/hr-ft', and
Total Solar lrradiation: G1 = 163'4 + 57 '3 = 220'9 Btu/hr-ft2'
Then, the area of the glazing and of the frame is calculated to be 12'44
and 2.56 ft2, resPectivelY.
ft2
From Table 7-3, solar heat gain coefficients for the glazing system lD 21c
are
SHGGgo(52.4") = 0.548 and SHGGg= 0'52'
be
From Table 5-2, the outside surface conductance may be estimated to
4.0 Btu/hr-ft2-'F.
From able 5-6, the U-value for the fixed, double glazed window having
aluminum frame with thermal break utilizing metal spacers is 1.13 Btu/hrft2-'F.
From Table 7-1, solar absorptance of the aluminum frame (assuming the
window is not a nev/ one) is 0.8.
ssuming the window with no setback (Ar,u'" =

frame can be calculated using Eq' 7-31 as:
Aru),
the SHGC for the
SHGGr = 0.8*(1 '1314'0) = 0'226'

Then, using q.7-32, the total solar heat gain is
Qsnc = (0.548.1 2.44 + 0.226*2.56)*163'4
+ (0.52*1 2.44 + 0.226*2.56)-57.5 = 1613'68 Btuihr'
7
-28
glazing
From Table 7-3, the glazing transmittance and absorptances for the
system lD 21c are
puoses only to
distribution on a not-for-prfit basis for testing or instrutional
Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for
of hs wrk beyond h permitted
rnsti
or
reprouction
ny
oher
uJopt".
has
.",
tx;book
the
students enrl]ed in ourses for whih
125
7
-28 (Cont.)
T6(52'4") = O.+1 56, tw2) = O'140, fz2'4) = 0'1524'

Ta= O'40, -Af = o.'13, and fza= O.15.
Using Eq. 7-35, total transmitted solar heat gain is

Qrru"', = (0'4156-163.4 + 0.4*57.5)-12'44 = 1130.9'1 Btu/hr.
Using Eq. 7-36, total solar heat gain absorbed by the glazing is
8 oroo,, =
=
[1
63'4*(0"1 4+0'
524) + 57'5*(0"1 3+0' 1 5)]-1 2'44
794.64 Btu/hr.
From Table 5-5a, the U-value for the center of glass is 0.42 Btu/hr-ft2-"F.
Similar to the previous problem, the outside surface conductance may be
estimated to be 4.0 Btu/hr-ft2-'F.
Then, the inward flowing fraction for glazing layer 1 can be calculated by:
Nt=0.42 14.0=0.105
From Table 5-2a, the inside surface conductance may be estimated to be
1.46 Btu/hr-ft'-"F.
The conductance from the inner pane to the outdoor air can be calculated
by:
,11
flo'2=
1 1=-1
U hi 0.42
=o'59Btu/hr-ft2-'F
.46
Then, the inward flowing fraction for glazing layer 2 can be calculated by:
Nz= 0.42 / 0.59 = 0.71
puoses only to
Exerpts 1iom this work rnay be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional
permitted
students enrolled in ourses fbr which the textbok has been adoted' ny oher reproduction r lrnsltin of his wrk beyond th
126
7-28 (Cont.)
Using q. 7-38, the inward flowing fraction of the gazing system is

N=
63.4*(0.'1 0S*0. 14+0.7 1*0.1 524) +

57.5*(.'1 05*0. 13+0.71-0. 1 5)] l 220 '9
[1
= 0.122
Using Eq. 7-39 and the SHGGr calculated from the previous problem, the
solar irradiation absorbed by the frame is
Qoroo,f = (163.4 + 57.5)*2.56*0.226 = 127 .80 Btu/hr.
Using q' 7-40, the total absorbed solar heat gain of the fenestration
system is
Quruo,ur =
794.64*0.122 + 127 .80 = 224.75 Btu/hr.
The total solar heat gain is then

Qsrc = 1130.91 + 224.75 = 1355.66 Btu/hr.
7
-29
From Table 7-4, lAC for a lighted-color Venetian blind installed on a

residential double-pane window is 0.66.
Using q' 7-41, the total solar heat gain is

Q
-30
suc = '226-2'56-220'9)
+ [0.548*12.44*163.4 + 0.52* 12.44*57 .5]*0.66
= 1108.48 Btu/hr.
From Table 7-6, for a ighted-color Venetian blind, shade transmittance,

reflectance, and absorptance are 0.05, 0.55, and 0.40, respectivey.
Using q' 7-42, the transmitted solar heat gain is
127
7-30 (Cont.)
Qrroo = 0.05*1130.91 = 56.55 Btu/hr.
Using q' 7-43, the absorbed solar heat gan is

4or"" = 224.75 + 0.40*1 130.91
+ 0.55*1 130.91 *0.122*(0.'13+0.I S)
7-31
698.36 Btu/hr.
From Table 7-3, solar heat gain coefficients for the glazing system lD 5b
are
SHGGgo(52'4")
0.6256 and SHG Gg = 0.60.
Similar to Problem 7-27 , SHGGr = 0.226.
Then, using q'7-32, the total solar heat gain is

Qsc = (0.6256-12.44 + 0'226*2.56)*1 63.4
+ (0.60.12.44 + 0.226*2.56)*57.5 = 1828.64 Btu/hr.
-32
From Table 7-3, the glazing transmittance and absorptances for the glazing
system lD 5b are
TD(52'4") = 0.5332, 'Af ,o2'4) = 0.1924, 1fro2'4) = O'12,
Ta= 0.51, -Atro= 0.19, and -Arzd= 0.11.
Using q. 7-35, total transmitted solar heat gain is

Qrsac,g = (0.5332*'163.4 + 0.51*57.5)*1
2.44 = 1448.64 Btu/hr.
Using Eq. 7-36, total solar heat gain absorbed by the glazing is
llc'g =
[1
63.4*(0.1924+0'12) + 57.5-(0.
9+0.
1)1-12.44
-===
-32 (Cont.)
=
849.60 Btu/hr.
From Table 5-5a, the U-value for the center

of gtass is 0.55 Btu/hr-ft2-"F.
similar to the previous problem, the outside

surface conductance may be
estimated to be 4.0 Btu/hr_ft2_.F.
Then' the inward flowing fraction for glazing
layer 1 can be caculated by:
Nz=0.SS /4.0=0.1375
Simiar to the prevous probtem, the inside
surface conductance may be
estmated to be 1.46 Bt/hr-ft2-"F.
The conductance from the inner pane to

the outdoor air can be calcuated
by.
ho,z=t\ =T-]
1
(]_ O55 - 1-46
= 0.88 Btu/hr-ft2-"F
hen' the nward flowing fraction for gtazing

layer
2 canbe
calcutated by:
/vz=0.55/0.gg=0.625
Using q. 7-38, the inward flowing fraction
of the glazing system is
N = []-63 4-(O.1375-. 1924+o.625*0'12) +
1375*0' 19+0'625*0' 1 1 l 22o'g
)]
=
'Jr';''
he solar irradiation absorbed by the frame

is the Same as the previous
probem, and is equa to 127 .80 Btu/hr'
Using q' 7-4O, the totat absorbed solar

heat gain of the fenestration
system is
7 -32 (Cont.)
+ 127 '80 =
Qo'"o'gt = 849'60*0'1OO
212j6 Btu/hr'
The total solar heat gain is then

+
Qwc = 1448'64
212J6
= 1661'4 Btu/hr'
testing or instrutiona purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been
adpted. ny other reprduction r trnsltion of this wrk beyond tht permitted by Sections ] 07 or ] 0B
of the 1976 United Sttes Copyright ct without the permission of the cpyright owner is unlwful.
Requests for permission or further infrmtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment, Jhn
Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] Rier Street, oboken, NJ 07030.
Chapter 8
B-1
a) The heat gain is generally geater than the cooling load during the
morning hours M/hen sunlight first strikes a building and the internal
loads first begin. Heat is being stored in the building structure,
furnishings, etc.
b) Late at night when occupants are not present, lights and equipment are
off and solar radiation is zero, the building gives up stored heat to the
air, which the equipment removes as cooling load. The heat gain may
be quite small, zero, or negative.
c) At some time during the day, probably early evening, as heat gain is
decreasing, and equilibrium condition can be established when heat

gain and cooling load are equal. Or, some interior zones, where the
cooling load is driven only by internal heat gains may reach equilibrium if
the heat gain remains constant for a number of hours.
8-2
Multipe design conditions should be checked, including peak dry bulb
along with mean coincident \et bub, and peak wet bulb along with mean
coincident dry bulb temperature.
8-3
SHRE 90.1 specified the2'5% design conditions, which roughly
corresponds to the 1% design conditions in the current Handbook of

Fundamentals and the textbook.
Location
Norfolk, VA
Outdoor
Outdoor
WB,'F
DB.'F
91
76
75
DB.'F
lndoor
lndoor
RH. %
50
Elevation, ft
Latitude,
30
36.90
ON
131
8-4
into the tayer library' The
select materials; some may need to be entered
here' (Note that not
resulting wall construction ,pp"rrt as shorrun
using a density of 120
everything is specified exacity, .o that a student
it1yt"i iic wi get a different set of CTF coefficients')
-"..-"...-ns1]
0
3
5n
5]
130
"18
3.
for room mode, we

After running the HvacloadExplorer program in execute
obtain the following CTF coefficients for this wall.
zn,
xn,
Btu/h-ft2-"F
Yn,
Btu/h-ft2-"F
Btuih-ft2-"F
4.276507
0 0445
0.642344
-5.36497
0.1 1581
-0.98287
0.638772
1.141149
0.01 1845
0.376555
-0.02179
-0.027 59
0.001 134
-0.01 101
-7
.7-05
0.00017
-5E-06
B-5
except that the RThis problem is solved in the Same \/ay aS Problem 8-4,
13 insulation is changed to 5.5" thick R-19 insulation.
for dtstribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing
xerpts fom this work may be reprodued by instutrs
his work beynd th permed
onstionf
up-iurrn-o,
iny
oh*
t,u, "., uai-pt.'
students enrolled in courses tor whih the tetbook
unlful'
is
owner
cpyrigh
the
of
copyrg|rt 'a| rr"iiu n, prr^''n
by Secions 107 or ] 08 o7 ne ii;i' initid Sror^
132
The folowing CTF coefficients are obtained:

n
xn,
Btu/h-ft2-"F
Yn,
n,
tu/h-ft2-'F
Btu/h-ft2-"F
4.277384
0.000071
0.644513
-5.95084
0.004622
-1.08666
0.779066
1.847897
0.008936
0.510931
-0.10021
-0.16027
0.001835
-0.05401
0.001435
0.001331
0.00004
0.000734
8-6
gain, this problem follows the procedure of the last two problems. The
thickness of the roll roofing must be estimated, and the conductivity chosen
to match the overall conductance. (k=thickness*conductance)
The following CF coefficients are obtained:

xcets from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distibution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to
students e'rolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproduction or rnsion of this ork beyond h permited
by Secins ] 07 r 1 08 of he 97 6 Unied Stes Cpyrigh c w ithu he permissin f he copyrigh oner is unlful'
133
xn,
Btu/h-ft2-'F
Btu/h-ft2-'F
Btu/h-ft2-'F
1.014657
0.006092
0.644513
-1.09939
0.029838
-0.6816
0.126521
0.006044
0.079104
0.000256
0.000071
0.00003
Yn,
n,
0.150594
8-7
ln this case, a reasonable value for the resistance of the air-space must be
selected. For the air^-space, an R-value of 1 is chosen; thus conductivity is
set to '12 Btu-in lhr- ft2- F, and the thickness s set to 12 in Density an bp
are set to zero and 0.24, respectively.
nt: ayers listed fnm tp t bfiom :epr*s*ni {r:n thg nutsiJ* t inside ot lhe sur{ce
The following CF coefficients are obtained:

n
xn,
Btu/h-ft2-'F
Btu/h-ft2-'F
Btu/h-ft2-'F
1.014651
0.00468
0.654471
-1.12785
0.027234
-0.71129
0.1 51 609
0.00674
0.095526
0.000351
.00016
0.000053
Yn,
zn,
0.1 781 59
Exc-erpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for.distribution on a not-for_profit

basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to
students enrolled in courses or which the textbook has been adopted' ny ther reprocion
or trnsl(]in of his rk beyontl th permied
by Sectins ]07 r ]08 ofhe 1976 Unied SteS Cpyrigh cw'ithou hi permissn
fhe cpyrigh ner i unlful'
134
8-8
Again, reasonable values must be assumed for the density of the

acoustical tile and the specific heat of the limestone concrete.
The folowing CTF coefficients are obtained:

Yn,
Zn'
3.162792
Btu/h-ft2-'F
0.002232
Btu/h-ft2-'F
0.2851 '16
-3.76069
0.01895
-0.38995
0.71366
0.633425
0.007779
0.137 459
-0.01912
-0.00642
0.000149
-0.0352
xn,
Btu/h-ft2-'F
CI
8-9
First, app|y the exterior onvective heat transfer correlation, Equation 818a, to determin h"' Assume the 15 mph wind is windward on the surface,
which results in h" = 2.3 Btu/(h-ft2-F).
Estimate the sky temperature as 10.8 R below the outdoor ambient
temperature = 546.87 R. Then estimate the effective sky temperature for a
vertical surface from quation 8-25
tsky,o=
cos (90/2)ry +(1-cos(90/2))f,
550.0 R
EXcetS from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distibution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to
students enrolled in urses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproduction or trnsion of this wrk beynd h permited
by Sectins 07 r 08 f the 1976 tJnited Sttes Copyr1h c \itlout he permission of the copyrigh oner is unlfu.
136
Declination
Surf zimuth
Surf Tilt
20.6
270
90
346.4
0.1
CN
RoG
deg
deg
deg
Btu/hr-ft2
86
0.1 38
1
0.2
Output Data
MDST LSI h, o
1 .00 23.79 176.83
2.00 0.79 -168.17
3.00 1.79 -153.17
4.00 2.79 -138.17
5.00 3.79 -123.17
"
-34.27
-33.23
-28.80
-21.65
-12.54
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
4.79 -108.17 -2.11

5.79 -93.17 9.19
6.79 -78.17 21.05
7.79 -63.17 33.22
10.00 8.79 -48.17 45.49
11.00 9.79 -33.17 57.51
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
*Unit
10.79
11.79
12.79
13.79
14.79
15.79
16.79
-18.17
68.46
-3.17 75.28
11.83 72.19
26.83 62.36
41 .83 50.63
56.83 38.41
71 .83 26.17
17 .79 86.83 14.15
18.79 101 .83 2.58
19.79 1 16.83 -8.27
20.79 '131.83
21.79 146.83
22.79 161.83
-18.00
-26.06
-31.74
of lrradiation is tu/hr-ft2
,'
,o
,o
356.41 86.41 87.03

13.26 256.74 101.06
28.82 241.18 114.99
42.20 227.80 128.63
53.39 216.61 141.58
62.87 207.13 152.80
71
.22
198.78
79.02 190.98
86.89 183.11
95.77 174.23
107.55 162.45
127.34 142.66
168.24 101.76
218.87 51.13
245.60 24.40
259.78 10.22
269.56 0.44
277.71 7.71
285.45 15.45
293.49 23.49
302.43 32.43
312.83 42.83
325.24 55.24
339.93 69.93
159.17
156.37
146.65
134.23
120.81
106.97
92.97
78.94
65.01
51.37
38.42
27.20
20.83
23.63
33.35
45.77
59.19
73.03
*
r/vD
JD
^*
rd
^*
JR
^*
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
108.07
206.38
246.69
266.87
277.85
283.62
285.80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.71
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.22
5.53
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
.51
0.93
.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6.19
0.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
284.93 54.68
280.80 1 18.63
272.32 170.01
256.78 201.20
227.20 202.07
161 .85 151.27
rt
^*
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.93
23.08
32.24
39.29
44.53
12.82 10.26
15.32 16.92
16.57 22.71
17.25 27.27
17.61 30.29 47.91
20.83 31.59 52.42
25.38 31.06 111.11
30.63 28.75 178.01
35.51 24.81 230.32
38.43 19.50 259.13
37.19 13.16 252.42
27
184.97
6.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
The hourly dry-bulb temperature is calculated using Equation 8-2. Here,

the hour nearest to the local solar time has been used to determine the
temperature. A spreadsheet is used to obtain the solution. lteration is
accomplished by simpy pasting the calculated values of Io" back into the
" Io", estimated" column.
lnput Data
U-Value
Solar absorotivitv
Ihermal emissivit
0.1
Btui(h-ft2-F)
0.8
0.9
Excets from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distrrbution on a not-for-proit basis for testing or instructional puoses only t
students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has ben adopted. ny other reproducion or trnstion f his wrk beyond th permitted
by Secions 107 or ]08 ofthe 976 United Sttes Cpyriqht ctlihu he permissin fthe cpyright oner is unlful.
137
is
72.O
Peak temperature
Dailv Ranqe
Mean Wind Soeed
96.0
25.4
10.0
F
F
mph
Output Data
Clock
Time
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.0
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
1 6.00
17 0
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.0
22.00
23.0
24.00
Local
Solar
Time
23.79
0.79
1.79
2.79
3.79
4.79
5.79
6.79
7.79
8.79
9.79
10.79
11.79
12.79
13.79
14.79
15.79
16.79
17.79
18.79
19.79
20.79
21.79
22.79
Outdoor
Dry-bulb
Temp.
(F)
75.2
73.9
72.6
71.6
70.9
70.6
71.1
skv
emp.
(F)
Effective
skv
Temp.
64.4
63.1
61.8
60.8
(F)
67.5
66.3
65.0
64.0
60.1
63.2
59.8
63.0
63.5
60.3
61.6
63.9
72.4
74.7
78.0
67.2
8'1.8
71 .0
74.1
86.1
75.3
79.4
82.4
84.4
85.2
84.4
82.7
79.9
76.6
73.3
70.5
78.5
82.5
85.6
87.6
88.4
87.6
85.8
83.0
79.7
76.4
73.6
67,9
65.9
71 .1
90.2
93.2
95.2
96.
95.2
o?
90.7
87.4
84.1
81.3
78.7
76.7
64.7
67.0
70.3
69.1
To",
hc
estimated (Btu/(h-
hrsky
hrg..o
(Btu/(h
(Btu/(h-
(F)
ft'-F))
-fr-F))
ft'-F))
74.60
73.15
71.94
70.72
1.58
1.58
69.75
69.03
'1.58
0.46
0.46
0.45
0.45
.45
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.5
0.47
0.47
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.51
0.52
0.54
0.58
69.'18
74.55
78.99
83.53
88.42
93.24
98.33
109.05
131.23
148.77
159.92
162.49
153.00
118.72
84.81
81.65
78.97
76.55
'1.58
1.58
1.58
1.58
1.58
1.58
1.58
1.59
'1.59
1.59
1.59
1.61
1.62
1.62
1.62
1.62
1.60
1.58
1.58
1.58
1.58
0.53
0.57
0.60
0.62
0.62
0.60
0.54
0.49
0.48
0.47
0.47
.51
0.61
.63
.63
To",
calculated
from 8-24
(F)
73.14
71.93
70.72
69.75
69.02
68.78
(Btu/(htt'))
0.1
-0.01
-0.13
-0.23
72.34
77.55
82.47
87.66
92.76
97.77
102.84
122.43
-0.30
-0.32
0.03
0.56
1.05
1.57
2.08
2.58
3.08
5.04
142.11
7.01
155.98
162.15
8.40
9.02
8.65
6.64
158.51
0.55
0.50
0.49
0.48
138.39
86.48
81.63
78.96
76.54
0.48
74.60
0.6'1
9conduction
1.45
0.96
0.70
0.45
0.26
8-11
This problem uses the same solution procedure as Problem 8-10.

lnput Data
Longitude 116.22
EOT
-6.2
Latitude 43.57
Declination 20.6
deg
deg
min
deg
deg
Excets from this wok may be reproduced by instructors fbr distrrbution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to
students enrolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproduction r trnstion of this rk beyond h permitted
by Secions ] 07 or ]08 of he 976 United Sates Cpyright c ,ithout he permission of the cpyrigh oner is unlwfu.
138
Surf zimuth
Surf Tilt
A
B
CN
RHOG
180
90
deg
deg
346.4
Btu/hr-ft2
86
38
0.1
0.1
1
0.2
Output Data
MDST LSr h, "

, "
1.00 23.15 167.23 -24.77
2.00 0.15 -177 .77 -25.80
3.00 1.15 -162.77 -23.91
4.00 2.15 -147.77 -19.34
5.00 3.15 -132.77 -12.59
6.00 4.15 -117.77 -4.21
7.00 5.'15 -102.77 5.31
8.00 6.15 -87 .77

9.00 7.15 -72.77
10.00 8.15 -57 .77
.0 9.15 -42'77
12.00 0.15 -27 .77
1 1
'1
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24,00
*Unit
11.15 -12.77
12.15 2.23
13.15 17.23
14.15 32.23
15.15 47 .23
16.1 5
62.23
17 .15 77 .23
18.'15 92.23
19.15 107 .23
2015 122.23
21.15 137.23
22.15 152.23
15.60
26.32
37 .17
47 '76
57 .42
64.68
66.95
62.91
54.71
44.67
33.95
23.10
12.48
2.38
-6.85
-14.79
-20.95
of lrradiation is Btu/hr-ft'z
"
"
152.14
154.11
150.59
143.20
133.87
123.75
,
Gr*
Go*
0.00
0.00
17.66 162.34
0.00
31.94 148.06
0.00
44.76 135.24
0.00
56.15 123.85
0.00
66.47 113.53
0.00
76.20 103.80 103.29 173.45 0.00
85.92 94.08 93.66 227.72 0.00
346.83 166.83
2.32
177
'68
96.42 83.58
108.99 71.01
125.92 54.08
151 .07 28.93
0.00
.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
113.42 46.47
254.61 22.70
269.45 58.92
277.79 87.76
281.98 105.54
185.34 5.34
283.00 1 10.30
217 .50 37.50
281.09 101.56
239.78 59.78
275.81 80.22
255.07 75.07
265.88 48.70
266.84 86.84
248.28 11.34
277.01 97.01
215.64 0.00
286.67 106.67 106.26 146.49 0.00
296,51 116.51 116.49 3.97 0.00
307 .11 127.11 126.80 0.00 0.00
318.90 138.90 136.76 0.00 0.00
332.16 152.16 145.67 0.00 0.00
84.88
77.37
71.58
68.02
67.06
68.82
73.09
79.44
87.38
96.45
G*
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.89
10.77
16.45
20.78
24.56
27.57
29.47
29.99
29.04
26.78
JR
^
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.07
7.06
13.24
18.90
23.67
27.24
29.38
29.95
28.90
^*
Lz1
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.96
17,83
29.69
62.38
107.15
142.58
164.39
170.24
159.50
26.32'133.31
23.50
22.36
17
.29
94.57
19.55
48.18
5.19
0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
26.46
14.28
0.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
15.02
9.10
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
11,44
lnput Data
U-Value
Solar absorptivitv
hermal emissivih
Tis
Peak temoerature
Dailv Ranqe
Vlean Wind Soeec
0.1
Btu/(h-ft2-F)
0.9
.9
72.0
96.0
30.3
1.0
F
F
mph
Output Data
Excets from this work may be reprodued by instructors fbr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoss only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbok has been adopted. ny other reprducion or rnsltin of his work beyond th permied
by Sectins ]07 r 08 ofhe 1976 Unied Sttes Cpyright ctihout the permission ofhe cpyright oner is unwful.
139
Clock
Time
Local
Solar
Time
Outdoor
Dry-bulb
Temp.
(F)
23.15
0.15
73.0
71.2
3.00
1.15
69.6
4.00
2.15
3.15
68.'1
1.00
2.O0
5,00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
4.15
10.0
1 1.0
12.00
13.00
14.0
15.00
1 6.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.0
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
5.15
6.15
7.15
8.15
9.15
10.15
11.15
12.15
I 3.15
14.15
1 5.15
16.15
17.15
18.15
'19.15
20.15
21 15
22.15
66.9
66.0
65.7
66.3
67.8
70.5
74.5
79.0
84.2
89.
92.7
95.1
96.0
95.1
93.0
89.6
85.7
81.8
78.4
75.4
skv
Temp.
(F)
Effective
Skv
Temp.
62.2
60.4
58.8
57.3
56.'1
55.2
54.9
55.5
57.0
59.7
63.7
68.2
73.4
78.2
81.9
84.3
85.2
84.3
82.2
78.8
74.9
(F)
65.3
63.5
62.0
60.5
h"
To"'
estimated (Btu/(h-
tt'-))
71.15
69.41
1.72
1.72
67.96
1.72
1.72
0.45
0.45
.45
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.49
0.52
0.55
0.57
0.58
0.58
0.57
0.54
0.52
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.50
0.53
0.56
0.58
0.59
0.59
0.58
0.55
0.53
0.52
0.50
0.49
0.48
0.47
64.1
58.7
60.2
62.9
66.9
71.4
76.5
81.4
68.60
74.15
81.31
99.67
116.02
85.0
129.01
137.21
'139.67
87.5
88.4
127.91
71 .0
78.1
74.1
67.6
64.6
70.8
67.8
(Btu/(h-
-ft'?-F))
58.1
82.0
(Btu/(h
ft'-F))
58.4
87.5
85.3
hrgr
(F)
66.51
65.35
64.48
oa
hrsky
136.52
114.37
100.24
93.64
85.63
79.56
76.37
73.47
1.72
1.72
1.72
1.72
1.72
1.73
1,74
1.74
1.75
1.75
1.75
1.75
1,74
1.73
1.73
1.72
1.72
1.72
1.72
1.72
0.51
0.49
0.48
0.47
0.46
To.,
calculated
fromS-24
(F)
71.15
69.41
67.96
66.51
65.35
64.48
65.5'1
70.67
75.96
Qconduction
(Btu/(hft2))
-0.09
-0.26
-0.40
-0.55
-0.67
-0.75
-0.65
-0.13
0.40
89.08
1.71
106.51
3.45
121.05
131.75
137.47
137.47
132.07
121.67
107.09
98.57
4.90
5.97
6.55
6.55
6.01
4.97
3.51
91.61
2.66
1.96
83.43
79.56
76.37
73.47
0.76
0.44
0.15
114
B-12
This problem is solved in the same manner as Example 8-2. The results
(conduction heat fluxes for each hour in Btu/(hr-ft2)) may be summarized in
tabular form as:
Hour
1
2
3
Day
0.312
0.463
0.508
0.494
0.454
0.410
0.387
0.402
0.473
2
1.126
0.954
0.804
0.673
0.56't
0.475
0.426
0.426
0.487
Day
Day 3
1126
0.954
0.804
0.673
0.561
0.475
0.426
0.426
0.487
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140
10
0.612
11
0.820
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
1.089
1.399
0.620
0.825
1.092
1.401
1.715
1.998
1.999
2.223
20
2.362
2.405
2.352
2.215
21
22
23
24
1.327
.716
2.223
2.362
2.405
2.353
0.620
0.825
1.092
1.401
1
.716
1.999
2.223
2.362
2.405
2.353
2.016
2.215
2.016
2.215
2.016
1.786
1.786
1.786
1.551
1.551
'1.551
1.327
1.327
Because the wall is ightweight, the results converge rapidly.

8-13
This problem is soved in the Same V/ay aS the previous problem. Note that
the additional insulation substantially reduces the conduction heat flux, as
expected. The resuts (condution heat fuxes for each hour in Btu/(hr-ft2))
may be summarized in tabular form as:
Hour
Day
0.203
0.329
0.379
11
0.380
0.356
0.323
0.298
0.296
0.328
0.407
.535
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
5
6
7
o
I
10
Day 2
0.915
0.778
0.659
0.554
Day 3
0.915
0.778
0.659
0.554
0.464
0.464
0.390
0.340
0.322
0.340
0.344
0.344
0.390
0.322
0.417
0.417
0.542
0.711
0.542
0.715
0.925
0.927
1.154
1.373
.156
1.374
1.559
0.927
1 .156
1.374
1.559
1.692
1.758
1.754
1.692
1.758
1.754
1.559
1.691
1.757
1.754
'1
0,715
20
1.685
'1.685
1.562
1.406
1.685
21
1.562
1.562
1.406
22
'1.406
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141
23
24
1.237
1.070
1.237
1.070
1.237
1.070
8-14
The solution to this problem is similar to that of Problem 8-9, except that to
estimate the maximum possible surface temperature, the surface may be
assumed to be adiabatic, and U is then zero. Also, the surface-to-ground
radiation coefficient is zero, and no correction is necessary for the sky
temperature, as the surface is assumed to be horizontal. Assume the wind
is windward, h"= 1.3 Btu/(h-ft2-F). Then, the final converged answer for the
surface temperature is:
hr,sky=
1.361
Btu/(h-ft2-F)
fr"=
201.0 F
B-'15
From Table 8-2, heat gain for occupants that are "Seated, very light work"
have 245 Btulhr (72 W) sensible heat gain, and '155 Btu/hr (45 W) latent
heat gain. The sensible portion is assumed to be 70% radiative/ 30%
convective.
The sensible heat gain from people is72 Wperson x 30 people

The radiative portion is 0.7 x 2160 = 1512
he convective portion is 0'3 x2160
2160 W.
'
648 W.
The latent heat gain from people is 45 Wperson x 30 peoPe = 1350 W.

The sensibe heat gain from lighting is '1 .5 ft2 x 4OOO sq. ft. = 6000 W;
20o/o is assumed to enter the plenum space directly, leaving 4800 W which
is assumed to be 59% radiative I 41% convective.
The radiative portion is 0.59 x 4800 = 2832\'t.
The convective portion is 0.41 x 4800 = '1968 W.
The sensible heat gain from equipment is 1 fi( x 4OOO sq. ft. = 4O0O W,
which is assumed to be 20o/o radiative I 80% convective. (Note this
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142
assumption is based on the assumption that most of the equipment is fancooled. Students are likely to make varying assumptions.)
he radiative portion is 0'2x 4000
800 W.
The convective porton is 0.8 x 4000 = 3200 W.

The total sensible heat gain is 2160
4800
The radiative portion is 1512 + 2832
The convective portion is 648 + 1968
4000 = 10960 W.
800 = 5144 W.
3200
5816 W.
The total latent heat gain is 1350 W.

8-16
From Table 8-2, heat gain for occupants that are involved in "Sedentary
\/ork" is275 Btu/hr (81 W) sensible heat gain, and 275 Btulhr (81 W) latent
heat gain. The sensible portion is assumed to be 70o/o radiative/ 30%
convective.
The sensible heat gain from people is 81 Wperson x 35 people
2835 W.
he radiative portion is 0'7 x 2835 = 1984.5 W.

The convective portion is 0.3 x 2835 = 850.5 W.
The latent heat gain from peope is 81 Wperson x 35 peoPle
2835 W.
he sensible heat gain from lighting is '15 \,lm2 x 75O m' = 11250 W; 50%
is assumed to enter the plenum Space directly, eaving 5625 W that is
assumed to be 59% radiative I 41% convective.
The radiative portion is 0.59 x 5625
The convective portion is 0.4'l x 5625
3319 W.
=
2306 W.
The sensible heat gain from office equipment is 7000 W, which is assumed
to be 20o/o radiative I 80% convective. (Note this assumption is based on
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hecopyrighwnerisunlful.
143
the assumption that most of the equipment is fan-cooled. Students are
likely to make varying assumptions.)
The radiative portion is 0.2x 7000 = 1400 W.

The convective portion is 0.8 x 7000 = 5600 W.
The total sensible heat gain is 2835 + 5625 + 7000 = 15460 W.
The radiative portion is 1984.5

The convective portion is 850.5
3319 + 1400
2306 + 5600
6703.5 W.
8756.5 W.
The total latent heat gain is 2835 W.

8-17
Heat gain to the space = 0.8 x 6000 W
4800 W
Problem 8-18
At 4.00 p.m., 70 people are present. Assuming "seated, light offie \Mork",
the sensible heat gain per person is245 Btu/hr (72) and the latent heat
gain per person is 200 Btu/hr (59 W).
Sensible heat gain
245 Btu/hr/person x 70 people = 17150 Btu/hr.
Latent heat gain = 200 Btu/hr/person x 70 people = '14000 Btu/hr.

t 6:00 p.m., no one is present; sensible and latent heat gains are O Btu/hr.
8-19
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144
First, compute the properties of the corresponding fictitious surfaces, using
Eqns 8-35, 8-36, 8-37. Resuts are shown in the shaded table entries,
beow.
2
3
4
5
Surface
Area (ft')
orth roof
639.7
639.7
South roof
West wall
East wall
ttic floor
84.0
84.0
1176.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
A-
T(F)
575.8
575.8
75.6
75.6
1058.4
122
A--T
70241.8
82332.6
7711.2
1983.7
1983.7
2539.4
92
6955.2
2539;4,
95
100548.0
1'4;47.',4'
143
102
;lF)
l]f
0',9
1,10.6
13.9
113,8
0.9
0.9
0.9
0:9
114.1
128,4
hen, compute the radiant interchange factor and radiation heat transfer
coefficient using Eqns. 8-38 and 8-39. Using Eqn. 8-40, estimate the
radiative heat flux from each Surface (Q,.u), then determine the radiative
heat transfer from each Surface (Q,"r). Then, compute the total radiative
heat transfer from all surfaes = -69,769.5 Btu/hr. Divide by the total
Surface area, 2623.4 ft2, to get the baancing factor, -26'6 Btu/(hr-ft'1, which
must be subtracted from the previously caculated heat flux from each
surface to determine the "balanced" radiation heat flux from each surface
(q,rlbal). Multiply by the area to determine the radiation heat transfer from
each Surface (Q,"/bal)' Chek to see that they nov Sum to zero.
Qra
Trus (R)
Su"face
Fit
North roof
0.872
576.0
11.4
2
3
South roof
West wall
East wall
ttic floor
0.872
583.1
11.9
567.6
562.7
571.4
4
5
.897
0.897
0.832
hri
(hr-ft2))
11.2
1.0
10.6
129.7
463.7
-132.6
-242.5
-355.3
qr"6/bal
Q,uo
(Btu/
(Btu/hQ
82950.9
296624.7
-11140.0
-20368.1
-417837.0
(hr-ft'))
156.3
(Bt
Q,u6lbal
(Btu/hr)
99964.1
490.3
313637.9
-'106.0
-215.9
-8906.1
-18134.2
-328.7
-386561.8
8-20
First, compute the properties of the corresponding fictitious surfaces, using
Eqns 8-35, 8-36, 8-37. Results are sho\Mn in the shaded table entries,
below.
Surface
1
North roof
Area
(m2)
120.7
.9
A-
T(C)
--
108.7
43
4672.9
'
A,
t1
Ti(e)
372:7,
0.:,9,
38.3
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145
South roof
West wall
East wall
Attic floor
2
2
120.7
18.0
18.0
216.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
108.7
16.2
16.2
194.4
50
36
38
32
5433.6
372.7
583.2
475t.:5
0.9
,0.9
615.6
45.5
0.;9
6220.8
277.5
.,9
36.0
39;6
39.5
45,3
hen, compute the radiant interchange factor and radiation heat transfer
coefficient using Eqns. 8-38 and 8-39. Using Eqn. 8-40, estimate the
radiative heat flux from each Surface (9,"r), then determine the radiative
heat transfer from each Surface (Q,"). Then, compute the total radiative
heat transfer from all surfaces = -3027.9 W. Divide by the total surface
area, 493.5 m2, to get the balancing factor, -6.1 Wmz, which must be
subtracted from the previously calculated heat flux from each surface to
determine the "balanced" radiation heat flux from each surface (q,u6lbal).
Multiply by the area to determine the radiation heat transfer from each
surface (Q,"/bal). Check to see that they no\M Sum to zero.
2
J
4
5
Surface
Fir
Tuus (K)
hrt
(Wm'\
North roof
South roof
West wall
East wall
Attic floor
0.872
313.8
316.2
310.9
6.'1
b_J
6.1
28.6
87.2
-22.0
31 1.9
6.2
-9.4
0.872
0.897
0.897
0.835
31 1.8
57
Qra
-76.2
Q,"o
(il4
3459.0
10534.5
-395.4
-168.4
-16457.6
qru6/ba
Q,,/bal
(Wm')
(w)
4199.9
34.8
93.4
-15.8
-3.2
11275.4
-285.0
-58.0
-15132.3
-70.1
8-21
The solution procedure is identica to that of Problem 8-19, except the

emissivities for surfaces 1 and 2 are 0.1. Fictitious surface properties are
shown in the first table.
Surface Area (ft')

North roof 639.7
South rool 639.7
West wall
84.0
East wall
84.0
Atti floor
1176.0
A-
0.1
0.1
64.0
64.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
75.6
75.6
1058.4
T(F)
A--T
122
143
102
7804.6
9148.1
7711.2
92
6955.2
2539.4
100548.0
14:47.'.4
At
1983.7
:1
T^,(F)
1983:7,
0.6
.6
2539;4
0'5
97.6
96.6
98.6
99.2
.5
t 0,2
11'3.3
he total radiative heat transfer from a|l surfaces = -3476.1 Btu/hr. The
balancing factor is -1. 3 Btu/(hr-ft2).
Surface
Fir
*s (R)
hri
9rao
(Btu/
Q,r
(Btu/hr)
Qrr/bal
(Btu/
Q,,a/bal
(Btu/hr)
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146
(hr-ft'))
1
2
3
4
5
North roof
0.098
South rooi
West wall
ast wall
Attic floor
0.098
0.874
0.874
0.222
569.5
579.5
1.2
560'
10.5
10.3
2.7
555.3
563.8
1.3
(hr-ft'))
30.3
60.8
35.5
-74.1
-49.8
19378.4
31.6
38903.3
62.1
2984.3
-6220.9
-58521.2
36.9
-72.7
-48.4
20226.0
39751.0
3095.6
-6109.6
-56963.0
Note that the radiative heat fluxes from surfaces 1 and 2, and to surface 5
are significantly lower. (The heat flux incident on surface 5 has been
reduced by s5%.) he catch is that "in real life", everything else does not
remain the same. ln particular, the temperatures would change
significantly.
8-22
The solution procedure is identical to that of Problem 8-20, except the
emissivities for surfaces 1 and 2 are 0.1. Fictitious surface properties are
shown in the first table.
Surface
1
2
J
4
5
North roof
South roof
West wal
East wall
Attic floor
Area
(m2)
A-
r(c)
A--T
372,7
.475.5
120.7
120.7
18.0
18.0
0.1
0.1
12.1
12.1
43
50
0.9
Jb
0.9
16.2
16.2
519.2
603.7
583.2
0.9
194.4
38
32
615.6
216.0
6220.8
',
T(c)
372'7'
.6
33;6
0'6
33'2
,,33.9
,475,,5'
0,5
0.5
277,,5
o'.2
41.1
33,8
The total radiative heat transfer from all surfaces = -341.5 W. The
balancing factor is -0.7 Wm2.
Surface
1
J
4
5
North roof
South roof
West wall
East wall
Attic floor
Fy
0.098
0.098
0.870
0.870
0.241
9ra
Trrs (K)
hrl
/Wm')
311.4
314.8
0.7
0.7
5.8
5.8
6.3
308.1
309.0
309.7
1.6
Q," (h4
765.2
qru6/bal
Q.,a/bal
7.0
12.3
848.7
1490.7
(Wm')
117
1407.1
12.1
217.6
12.8
24.6
443.7
-3175.0
25,3
-14.7
-14.0
(w)
230.0
456.1
-3025.6
8-23
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147
Convective heat transfer coefficients are determined from Table 8-8.

Coefficients for the pitched roof surfaces are based on the "Sloping - 45
degrees" surface position. more sophisticated approach would involve
interpolation. The resuts are summarized below.
Surface
Area
(ft2)
(F)
North roof
639.7
122
South roof
639.7
143
West wall
East wall
Attic floor
84.0
84.0
1 176.
102
4
5
92
95
Surface
Position
Sloping 45 deqrees
Sloping 45 derees
Vertical
Veftical
Horizontal
Direction of
Heat Flow
h"
Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
(Btu/(hr-ft"))
Downward
o.42
15.54
Downward
0.42
24.36
Horizontal
Horizontal
0.56
0.56
0.18
9.52
3.92
1.80
Downward
9""onu""tion
8-24
Convective heat transfer coefficients are determined from Table 8-8.

Coefficients for the pitched roof surfaces are based on the "Sloping - 45
degrees" surface position. A more sophisticated approach \Mould involve
interpolation. The results are Summarzed below.
Surface
Area
(m2)
r(c)
orth roof
120.7
43
South roof
120.7
50
West wall
ast wall
Attic floor
18.0
18.0
216.0
36
38
32
4
5
Surface
Position
Sloping 45 deqrees
Sloping 45 deqrees
Vertical
Vertical
Horizontal
Direction of
Heat Flow
(wm2-K)
hc
Qt'"onu""1on
Downward
2.39
33.46
Downward
2.39
50.1 9
Horizontal
Horizontal
3.18
3.18
1.02
22.26
Downward
r//m')
28.62
3.06
B-25
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r_
148
First, the solar irradiation on the window is obtained in the same manner as
the solution for Problem 7-17. The following tables show results for the
west-facing window.
lnput Data
Longitude 101.7 deg

deg
-6.2 min
Eo
Latitude 35.23 deg
Declination 20.6 deg
270 deg
Surf zimuth
deg
90
Surf Tilt
A
346.4 Btu/hr-ft2
0.186
B
0.138
c
cN1
RHOG
0.2
Output Data
o , " G," Go* Ga* Gr*

"
,
, "
, "
15.00 13.12 16.75 69.25 229.59 40.41 74.35 283.92 76.59 27.06 30.47
cDSr Lsr
h,
The layer absorptances of the double-pane

(lD5a) can be found from able 7-3 as:
GDirect,outer: 7f ,774 dg)
Direct,inner
:'dr(7 4deg)
: O.13
: 0.06
\Mindo\/
134.12
v/ith '1l8 in. sheet glass
(diffuse,outer:
.fiyarn_ 0.11
aciffuse'inne,
.fz'aixur,
G,*
0.07
Then, the solar radiation absorbed by each pane of the double-pane

window may be determined by (neglecting incident solar radiation from the
inside):
Q"itob,o,b,d,outer,
Q"itob,o,b,d,n*',,"
0.13(76.5g) + O.11(57.53) : 16.29 tu/(hr_ft^2)

:0.06(76.5g) + 0.07(57.53) : 8.62tl(hr-ft2)
i,
j,:
8-26
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149
First, the solar irradiation on the window is obtained in the same manner as
the solution for Problem 7-17 ' he following tables show results for the
west-facing window.
lnput Data
Longitude 108.53 deg

deg
-6.2 min
EOT
45.8 deg
Latitude
Declination 20.6 deg
270 deg
Surf zimuth
deg
90
Surf ilt
Btu/hr-ft2
346.4
A
0.186
B
0.138
c
cN1
0.2
RHOG
Output Data
MDST LSr h, "

,' , o , o Grvo* G" Gd* G*
,'
15.00 13.66 24.92 57.57 227.35 42.65 66.77 277.89 109.60 29.57 27.29
The layer absorptances of the double-pane
(lD5a) can be found from Table 7-3 as:
&Direct,outer:
.ir(67 deg) : 0.L27
aDirect,inner: 7t1167 deg)
: 0.073
\/indo\M \/ith
ddffise'outer:
c]iffuse,inner:
Gt*
166.46
1/8 in. sheet glass
-f,a1urr: 0.11
.lz,ar, : 0.07
hen, the Solar radiation absorbed by each pane of the double-pane

window may be determined by (neglecting incident solar radiation from the
inside):
Q"
it ob,o,bnd,outer'
Q"t ob,o,bud,inner,
j, : 0.27 (|0g.6) + 0. 1 1 (56.s6)

j, : 0.073(109.6) + 0.07(56.86)
:
:
Btu/(hr-ft2)
1 1.98 Btu/(hr-ft2)
20.1 7
8-27
RsULTs BY ts D UsG T}*| VCXpLORR

pRBR AR l-{lcl-lR -.| R$UL$ Y f; RS ETl*iD
Usl G l-t spRD$*| H.
8-28
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students enrolled in ourses or which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reprducin or rnsltin f his ork beyond th
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150
The RTS method is used to obtain the cooling load results for this problem.
The following table shows total cooling loads and cooling loads due to
window heaigains for both low-e and regular double-pane windo\/S' l
cooling loads due to other heat gains are the same as those shown in
Example 8-16.
Low-E Windows
Hour
(from ExamPle 8-16)

Window
Window
Total
SG
Condution
(Btu,hr)
(Btu,&r)
186
364
146
110
79
58
52
299
246
(Btu/hr)
Regular Windows
Windw
Conduction
4418
3843
228
179
420
4516
345
3921
3352
135
97
72
63
75
284
3414
2989
112
178
537
2940
2623
61
tJo
254
2419
2465
92
465
2737
145
710
8'190
10
215
978
9562
toc
11
300
1247
JOO
12
389
1492
13
469
14
14250
477
574
654
15
16
533
577
593
1694
1 833
1897
0883
12143
13275
17
585
1787
1B
553
503
1624
19
20
21
22
23
24
444
386
188'1
139'1
089
839
327
674
274
228
546
445
Total
(BtuAr)
(Btu,4lr)
167
SG
(Btu,&r)
203
Window
5007
5486
15701
1 0635
9550
8460
7477
6588
5777
5057
707
726
717
677
616
544
472
401
336
279
234
193
159
2662
293
2518
2829
820
1129
1437
1720
951
2111
2185
2167
2060
1
873
'1604
1256
968
777
629
513
2452
8333
9761
11141
12458
I
3637
14648
15425
5905
16105
11008
9877
8727
7692
6765
5922
5176
As shown in the above table, usng the regular \indo\ Would resut in
slighily higher cooling loads than using the low-e window. The following
'hcrease in cooling loads due to changing the type of
figure illustrates the
w]ndow from the low-e window to the reguar window.
puoses ony to
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151
Cooling Load Comparison

18000
'15000
12000
9000
d
cr)
o
o
)
6000
3000
0
't0 '13
'16
Tirne, Hour
8-29
Soluton to be provided by an instructor.
8-30
First, the solar irradiation must be determined and is the same as that
shown for Problem 8-10. hen, the hourly dry bulb temperature is
calculated using quation 8-2. Here, the hour nearest to the local solar
time has been used to determine the temperature. Finally, the sol-air
temperature is calculated using quation 8-63 with the therma radiation
correction term being zero for a vertical surface.
Local lnsolation Outdoor

Solar (Btu/h- Drybutb
Clock Time Time
ft2) emp (F)
1.00
23.79 0.00
75.2
2.00
0.79
0.00
73.9
3.00
1.79
0.00
72.6
4.00
2.79
0.00
71.6
5.00
3.79
0.00
70.9
6.00
4.79
0.00
70.6
Sol-air
Temp
(F)
75.2
73.9
72.6
71.6
70.9
70.6
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152
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
1
1.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
'17.00
'18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
5.79
9.93
71.1
73.1
6.79
23.08
77.0
7.79
8.79
9.79
10.79
11.79
12.79
13.79
14.79
15.79
16.79
17.79
18.79
19.79
32.24
39.29
44.53
47.91
52.42
72.4
74.7
78.0
20.79
21.79
22.79
81 .1
85.8
90.7
95.7
100.6
115.4
130.8
8'1.8
86.'1
6.'10
90.2
93.2
95.2
96.0
95.2
93.5
90.7
87.4
0.00
0.00
0.0
0.00
84.1
84.1
81.3
78.7
76.7
81.3
78.7
76.7
111 .11
178.01
230.32
259.13
252.42
184.97
142.1
147.1
143.9
127.7
88.6
8-31
This problem uses the same solution procedure as Problem 8-30. Note
that the solar irradiation is the same as that shown for Problem 8-1 1.
Clock
Time
Local
Solar
Time
1.00
2.00
3.00
23.15
4.00
2.15
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
3.15
14.00
15.00
'!6.00
17.00
18.00
19.0
0.1 5
1.15
4.15
5.15
6.15
7.15
8.1 5
9.15
10.15
11.15
12.15
1 3.15
14.15
15.'1 5
16.15
17.15
20.00
21.00
'18.15
22.00
20.15
19.15
nsolation
Outdoor
Drybulb
(Btu/h-ft2) Temp
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.96
17.83
29.69
62.38
107.15
142.58
164.39
170.24
159.50
133.31
94.57
48.18
26.46
14.28
0.32
0.00
(F)
Sol-air
Temp (F)
73.0
71.2
73.0
71.2
69.6
69.6
68.1
68.1
66.9
66.0
65.7
66.3
67.8
70.5
74.5
79.0
84.2
89.0
92.7
66.9
66.0
66.3
69.0
72.3
79.9
90.6
100.4
108.8
114.6
1 16.6
95.1
115.1
96.0
110.2
102.3
96.9
91.8
85.7
81.8
95.1
93.0
89.6
85.7
81.8
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153
21.15
22.15
23.00
24.00
0.00
0.00
78.4
75.4
78.4
75.4
8-32
This problem uses the simiar Solution procedure as Problem 8-3O. First,
the solar irradiation is determined for the flat roof using the procedure
described in Chapter 7. The resuts are shown below.
nput Data
Longitude
Standard Meridian
EOT
Latitude
Declination
Surf Azimuth
Surf ilt
106.62
105
-6.2
35.05
20.6
0
0
346.4
Apar
Bpar
deg
deg
min
deg
deg
deg
deg
Btu/hr-ft2
86
0.1 38
0.1
Cpar
CN
RHOG
0.2
Output Data
o
MDST Lsr
h, o
,.
, "
,
1.00 23.79 176.83 -34.27 356.41 356.41
2.00 0.79 -168.17 -33.23 13.26 13.26
3.00 1 .79 -153.17 -28.80 28.82 28.82
4.00 2.79 -138.17 -21.65 42.20 42.20
5.00 3.79 -123.17 -12.54 53.39 53.39
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
4.79 -108.17 -2.11

5.79 -93.17 9.'19
6.79 -78.17 21.05
7.79 -63.17 33.22
10.00 8.79 -48.17 45.49
1.00 9.79 -33.17 57 51
1
12.00 10.79 -18.17
11.79 -3.17
14.00 12.79 11.83
'13.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21
26.83
41.83
56.83
71.83
17 .79 86.83
18.79 101 .83
13.79
14.79
15.79
16.79
.00 19.79 16.B3

1
22.00 20.79 131.83

23.00 21.79 146.83
68.46
75.28
72.19
62.36
50.63
38.41
26.17
14.15
2.58
-8.27
-'18.00
-26.06
Gruo* Go* G* G*
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
62'87 62'87 92'11 0.00
71 .22 71.22 80.81 108.07
124.27
123.23
1 18.80
111.65
102.54
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
17 .26
79.02 79.02 68.95 206.38 74.12

86.89 86.89 56.78 246.69 135.17
95.77 95.77 44.51 266.87 190.31
107.55 107 .55 32.49 277 .85 234.37
127.34
168.24
218.87
245.60
259.78
269.56
277
'71
285.45
293.49
302.43
312.83
325.24
21.54 283.62 263.81

14.72 285.80 276.42
17.81 284.93 271.28
27.64 280.80 248.75
39.37 272.32 210'52
51.59 256.78 159.55
277 '71 63.83 227 .20 10.20
285.45 75.85 '161.85 39.s6
293.49 87.42 5.53 0.25
302.43 98.27 0.00 0.00
312.83 108.00 0.00 0.00
325.24 116.06 0.00 0.00
127.34
168.24
218.87
245.60
259.78
269.56
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
14.91
28.48
34.04
36.83
38.34
39.14
39.44
39.32
38.75
37.58
35.44
31
.35
22.33
0.76
0.00
0.00
0.00
Gt*
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.0 0.00
0.00 32.17
0.00 102.60
0.00 169.21
0.00 227.14
0.00 272.71
0.00 302.95
0.00 315.86
0.00 310.60
0.00 287.50
0.0 248'10
0.00 194.98
0.00 131 .56
0.00 61.90
0.00 1.01
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-fbr-profit basis 1br testing or instrutional puoses only to
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154
24.00 22.79 161.83 -31.74 339.93 339.93 121.74
*Unit of lrradiation is tu/hr-ft2
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Then, the sol-air temperature is determined using Equation 8-63 with the
thermal radiation corretion term being 7 "F for a horizontal surface.
Clock Time
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.0
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.0
14.00
15.0
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
Local
Solar
Time
23.79
0.79
1.79
2.79
3.79
4.79
5.79
6.79
7.79
8.79
9.79
10.79
11.79
12.79
13.79
14.79
15.79
16.79
17.79
18.79
19,79
20.79
21.79
22.79
lnsolation
(Btu/htt2)
0.00
0.0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
32.17
102.60
169.21
227.14
272.71
302.95
315.86
310.6
287.50
248.10
194.98
131.56
61.90
1
.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Outdoor
Drybulb
emp (F)
75.2
73.9
72.6
71.6
70.9
70.6
71 .1
72.4
74.7
78.0
81.8
86.1
90.2
93.2
95.2
96.0
95.2
93.5
90.7
87.4
84.1
81.3
78.7
76.7
Sol-air
Temp
(F)
68.2
66.9
65.6
64.6
63.9
63.6
70.5
85.9
101.5
116.4
129.3
139.7
146.3
148.3
145.7
138.6
127.2
112.8
96.0
80.6
77.1
74.3
71.7
69.7
8-33
For hour 15, Equation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat flux.
Q"conduction
= .0052 x (151 '2-74) + .001 44 x (138'1-74)
.00645 x (120.3-74)...
2.897 Btu/(hr-ft2)
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155
8-34
Equation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat flux for each hour.
q"
(Btu/(hr-
Hour
Hour
q"
(Btu/(hr-
ft2))
ft2))
1.835
13
0.828
1.824
14
0.798
1.772
15
0.791
1.693
16
0.810
1.595
17
0.861
1.486
'18
0.948
1.372
19
.071
1.259
20
1.225
1.149
21
1.396
10
1.047
22
1.563
11
0.956
23
1.704
12
0.882
24
1.797
8-35
For hour 12, qation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat flux.
Q"conduction
x (143.9-72) + 0.044510 x
0.047321 x (1 21 .4-72)...
= 0.0061 92
(1
34.3-72)
.028 Btu/(hr-ft2)
8-36
Equation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat fux for each hour.
our
q"
(Btu/(hrft2))
Hour
ft2))
0.674
13
1.050
0.401
14
1.544
0.1
99
15
2.012
0.051
16
2.409
q"
(Btu/(hr-
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students enolled in ourses fr which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reprclucn or trnsnf hs work beyond iht pemiect
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156
5
-0.058
17
2.694
-0.138
18
2.841
-0.197
19
2.834
-0.232
20
2.671
-0.209
21
2.361
10
-0.075
22
1.936
11
0.194
23
1.466
12
0.583
24
1.031
8-37
Equation 8-64 is used to find the conduction heat flux for each hour with
so-air temperatures calculated in Problem 8-31.
q"
(Btu/(hrft2))
Hour
q"
(Btu/(hrft2))
3.492
13
-0.055
3.147
14
0.1
Hour
65
2.758
15
0.563
2.348
16
1.112
1.937
17
1.754
1.536
18
2.417
1.154
19
3.026
0.796
20
3.510
0.472
21
3.823
10
0.1
99
22
3.958
11
0.00
23
3.931
12
-0.098
24
3.765
8-38
Using the simplified approach, the solution procedure is the same as that of
Probem 7-27. First, we need to know ange of incidence and Solar
irradiation. ssuming a west-facing window, the incidence angle and solar
rradiation for Albuquerque, NM on a c|ear July 21 day at 3:OO pm solar
time are (see solution in Problem 8-10 for reference)
Angle of lncidence = 65.0 deg.,

Direct Solar lrradiation. G = 1 18.6 Btu/hr-ft2,
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ony to
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by Secions ]07 or 108 of he 976 United Ses Cowrigh c withu thb permissn of the copyrigh
oner ii unlful.
157
Diffuse Solar lrradiation: Ga a G = 30.6 + 28.9 = 59'4 Btu/hr-ft2

Then, the area of the glazing and of the frame is calculated to be 27 .2
and 4.8 ftz, respectively.
ft2
From Table 7-3, solar heat gain coefficients for the glazing system lD 5b
are
SHGG9(65") = 0.515 and SHGGs = 0.60.
From able 5-2, the outside surface conductance may be estimated to be
4.0 Btu/hr-ft2-'F.
From Table 5-6, the U-value for the fixed, double glazed window having
aluminum-clad wood/vinyl frame with insulated spacers is 0.48 Btu/hr-ft2-"F.
From able 7-1, solar absorptance of the vinyl frame painted white is 0.26.
ssuming the window with no setback (Ar,r'" =

frame can be calculated using Eq. 7-31 as:
SHGG1= 0.26*(0.4814.0)
Asu),
the SHGC for the
= 0.031.
For an unshaded window, the total solar heat gain is calculated using Eq.
7 -32 as
Qsc = (0.51 5*27 '2 + 0.031-4.8)-'1 '18.6
+ (0.60-27 '2 + 0.031*4.8)*59.4 = 2657 '2
Btlhr'
B-39
This problem uses the same solution procedure as the previous problem.
Assuming a south-facing window, the incidence angle and solar irradiation
for Boise, ]D on a clear Jly 21 day at 3:00 pm solar time are (see solution
in Problem 8-1 '1 for reference)
Angle of lncidence' = 68.8 deg.,
Direct Solar lrradiation: G = 101.6 Btu/hr-ft2,
Diffuse Solar lrradiation: Ga + G = 29'0 + 28.9 = 57 '9 Btu/hr-ft2, and
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students enro11ed in courses for hich the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproducion or rnslion of his work beynd h permitted
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'158
The area of the glazing and of the frame is the same as that calculated in
Problem 8-38.
From Table 7-3, solar heat gain coefficients for the glazing system lD 29a
are
SHGG,(68.8") = 0'408 and SHGGs= 0.57.
From Table 5-6, the U-value for the fixed, triple glazed window having
aluminum-clad wood/vinyl frame with insulated spacers is 0.44 Btu/hr-ft2-"F.
The outside surface conductance and solar absorptance of the frame are
assumed to be the same as those in Problem 8-38.
Assuming the window with no setback (Ar,u'" =

frame can be calculated using Eq. 7-3'1 as:
SHGGr = 0.26*(0 .4414.0)
Asu),
the SHGC for the
= 0.029.
For an unshaded window, the total solar heat gain is calculated using Eq.
7-32 as.
Qsuc = '408-27 '2 + 0.029-4.8)*101.6
+ (0.57*27.2 + 0.029*4.8)-57.9 = 2047.4 Btu/hr.
8-40
First, determine conduction heat gain by multiplying fluxes from Problem 833 by the surface area, 8OO ft2. Then, from Table 8-20, select the
radiative/convective split to be 63%137o/o Apply the split to determine the
convective and radiative heat gains. Then, apply Equation 8-67 to the
radiative heat gains to determine the radiative cooling load. Sum the
radiative cooling load and the convective heat gain to get the cooling load.
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students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproducion or rnstion f this ork beyond ht permied
by Secions ] 07 or ] 08 of he 976 United SteS Cpyrigh c ithut he permissin of the copyright owner is unlful.
'159
Hour
Conduction
Heat Gain
Convective
(Btu/h0
HG
Radiative
HG
5462.3
2021.0
3441.2
4899.6
386.7
3
4
4334.5
3796.4
3300.5
2854.1
2460.6
1812.8
1603.8
1404.7
1221 2
1056.0
910.4
2123.8
785.8
1854.2
1673.6
1598.0
1629.0
1759.4
1983.0
686.1
619.2
591.3
602.7
b
7
10
11
12
13
14
15
2318.0
2803.7
3450.5
4215.9
5016.0
5741.3
16
17
18
19
20
6266.5
6473.8
21
22
6345.1
5971.2
ZC
24
651.0
733.7
857.6
2903.7
2813.1
2730.7
2391.7
2079.3
2702.9
1798.1
2339.0
2222.4
1550.2
1338.0
1168.2
1054.4
1006.7
1026.3
1 108.4
1249.3
1460.3
1766.3
1037.4
1276.7
1559.9
1855.9
2173.8
2656.0
2124.3
3617.0
23'18.6
3947.9
4078.5
3997.4
2395.3
2347.7
2209.4
Radiative
Cooling
Load
3160.1
376'1.9
2583.0
2460.2
2113.0
2014.0
'1930.6
1868.0
1829.3
'1815.8
1827.8
1868.9
1947.4
2068.9
Cooling
Load
4924.7
4625.9
4306.7
3987.7
3681.4
3395.0
3132.9
2898.9
2700.1
2549.9
2459.2
2432.1
2466.8
2561.5
2726.6
2984.8
3345.5
2230.3
3790.2
2419.2
2614.7
2789.4
2913.3
2969.4
2961.2
4275.2
4739.0
5108.0
5308.6
5317.1
5170.6
Cooling Loads and Heat Gains

700.0
600.0
5000.0
4000.0
3000.0
2000.0
6)
000.0
0.0
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16
8-41
First, determine conduction heat gain by multiplying fluxes from Problem 835 by the surface area, 1OOO ft2. Then, from able 8-20, select the
radiative/convective split to be 84ol16o/o' Apply the split to determine the
convective and radiative heat gains. Then, apply quation 8-67 to the
Hour
Conduction
eat Gain
Convective
Radiative
2227.2
356.4
1870.8
1338.2
627.7
57.3
-397.4
-746.0
-935.8
-610.8
507.2
214.1
100.4
9.2
-63.6
119.4
-149.7
-97.7
1124.1
81.2
370.2
730.7
1124.5
1512.8
1857.6
426.1
5
6
7
o
9
10
2313.5
11
4567.1
12
7028.4
9455.0
13
14
22
1169.7
13293.3
1 4350.1
14672.7
14222.5
1318.3
11142.9
8809.6
6593.1
z3
4782.8
24
3353.'1
15
16
17
'18
19
20
21
HG
(Btuihr)
2126.9
2296.0
2347.6
2275.6
2082.9
HG
527.3
48.2
-333.8
-626.7
-786.0
-513.1
4530.5
4222.8
3938.6
3676.2
3436.0
3228.9
3120.5
3179.7
3417.1
12054.1
651 1.5
12325.1
6849.5
7024.8
409.5
154.9
s538.2
765.3
4017.6
536.5
2816.6
5220.7
4744.6
4316.0
4893.4
Cooling
Load
4864.4
1943.3
3836.3
5903.8
7942.2
9752.2
I 1 166.3
1946.9
1935.4
9360.0
7400.1
1782.9
Radiative
Cooling
Load
3808.3
5486.8
6042.8
7018.0
6824.5
6467.5
6042.8
5622.2
5228.0
4323.2
3947.7
3612.7
3316.7
3079.2
3022.8
3260.8
3787.2
4539.0
5440.6
6406.2
7344.4
8169.7
8807.6
9197.1
9300.4
9101.0
8607.3
7877.0
7097.7
6387.5
5764.5

Excts frm this work may be reprdued by instructors for distribution n a not-for-profit basis for testing
permitted
or trnsCion of thS work beyond ht
students eno]led in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reprducion
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s;"i'n'
]07 r ]08
161
cooling Loads and eat Gains
6000.0
4000.0
2000.0
'10000.0
fl
--r-- Conduction Heat Gain
8000.0
(!
(,
(!
(Btu/h0
-*x* Cooling Load
6000.0
911131517192123
8-42
First, determine conduction heat gain by multiplying fuxes from Problem 836 by the surface area, 1200 ft2 ' Ther , from able 8-2o, seect the
radiative/convective Split to be 84oe% pply the split to determine the
convective and radiative heat gains. Then, apply Equation 8-67 to the
Conduction
Heat Gain
(Btl/hr)
Convective
HG
Radiative
G
809.2
481.0
129.5
679.7
77.0
404.1
238.5
38.2
9.8
200.4
51.4
61.2
-69.3
11 .1
-58.2
-166.0
-139.5
-199.0
10
-237.0
-278.7
-250.9
-90.4
11
233.3
12
700.2
-26.6
-37.9
-44.6
-40.2
-14.5
37.3
112.0
Hour
1
-234.1
-210.8
-75.9
196,0
588.2
Radiative
Cooling
Load
Cooling
Load
1203.0
105.3
1018.3
941.3
872.8
811.4
756.2
707.9
674.0
667.9
1332.4
1182.3
1056.5
699.7
737.1
771.3
883.3
951.1
861.7
784.9
718.3
663.3
633.8
653.4
Excerpts rom this work may be reprodued by instructrs for distribution on a not_for_profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to
students enrolled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproducion or trnslion of this work beynd ht permited
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162
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
1260.3
1852.6
2414.9
201.6
386.4
1058.6
1556.2
2028.5
2890.5
3233.3
462.5
517.3
2428.0
2716.0
3409.7
3401.3
545.6
2864.2
2857.1
2692.2
2380.2
3205.0
2833.6
2323.3
20
21
22
23
24
1759.4
1237.6
296.4
544.2
512.8
453.4
371.7
281.5
198.0
1951 .6
1477.9
1039.6
877.1
1007.4
1149.7
1290.4
1416.6
1516.5
1580.7
1602.7
1579.7
1513.7
1417.5
1309.3
1078.8
1303.8
1
536.1
1752.9
1933.9
2062.0
2124.9
2115.5
2033.0
1885.5
1699.0
1507.3
Gooling Loads and Heat Gains

4000.0
3500.0
3000.0
t
2500.0
1500.0
'1000.0
_--_ Condution Heat Gain
2000.0
(Btu/hr)
*__*
Cooling Load
l1
500.0
0.0
-500.0
8-43
First, the hourly Soar heat gains are determined using the same solution
procedure Sho1/n in Problem 8-38. The results are Sho\/n below. Note
that the Sola irradiation on the window is the Same aS that shown in
Problem 8-10. Also, note that the calculated Soar gain at 3:00 p.m. is
slightly different from that shown in Problem 8-38 due to rounding errors.
lnput Data
Glass Area
Frame rea
27.2
4.8
ft',
ft2
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163
Diffuse SHGC
Angular SHGC - 0'
Angular SHGC - 40'
Angular SHGC - 50'
Angular SHGC - 60"
Angular SHGC - 70"
ngular SHGc - 80"
Frame sGc
Clock
Time
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14,00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.0
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
lnc.
ngle, '
87.03
101 .06
114.99
128.63
141.58
152.80
159.17
156.37
146.65
134.23
120.81
106.97
92.97
78.94
65.01
51.37
38.42
27.20
20.83
23.63
33.35
45.77
59.19
73.03
0.6
0.7
0.67
0.64
0.58
0.45
0.23
0.03'1
Dir
Output Data
Diff
lrradiation,
Btu/hr-ft2
0.00
0.0
0.00
0.0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
54.68
18.63
170.01
201.20
202.07
151.27
5.07
0.0
0.00
0.00
0.00
1
lrradiation,
Btu/hr-ft2
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
9.93
23.08
32.24
39.29
44.53
47 .91
52.42
56.44
59.38
60.32
57.93
50.35
33.70
1.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Solar Heat Gain,

Btu/hr
0.00
0.00
0.00
0'00
0.00
0.00
163.51
380.04
530.96
647.01
733.28
788.98
863.28
1314.44
2657 .05
3940.06
4657.12
4594.55
3393.40
111.74
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
ln the original RS methodology, two types of radiant time fators v/ere

utilized to convert So|ar heat gains into cooling oads. The Solar.-RTS was
used to convert the beam transmitted solar gain whie the Nonsoar-RS
V/aS used to convert all other Solar gains' However, to simpify the
calculations, only one RTS (Nonsolar-RTs) is used in this edition. Since
the calculated Solar heat gains include both transmitle ad absorbed Solar
gains, the recommended radiative and convectivsplits shown in Table 820 would not be applicable. For this problem, it is assumed that the
radiative fraction of the combined solar heat gain is about 0.9. Therefore,
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164
the radiative/convective split is 90%110%. Then, apply the split to
determine the convective and radiative heat gains and apply Equation 8-67
to the radiative heat gains to determine the radiative cooling load. nd,
finally, sum the radiative cooling load and the convective heat gain to get
the cooling load.
Solar
Heat Gain
Convective
HG
Radiative
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
38.0
0.0
.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
147.2
342.0
53.1
16
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
163.5
380.0
531.0
647.0
733.3
789.0
863.3
1314.4
2657.1
3940.1
265.7
394.0
17
4657.1
465.7
777.0
1 183.0
2391.3
3546.1
4191.4
4594.6
3393.4
459.5
4135.1
339.3
111.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.2
3054.1
100.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
.0
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
I
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
(Btu/hr)
16.4
64.7
73.3
78.9
86.3
131.4
0.0
0.
0.0
0.0
HG
Radiative
Cooling
Load
141 0
91.6
59.8
39.2
25.9
Cooling
Load
141.0
91.6
59.8
39.2
25.9
17.2
17,2
477.9
87.6
215.2
339.6
582.3
450.5
103.9
253.2
392.7
515.2
660.0
543.8
617.1
710.1
615.8
687.3
932.5
1661.8
694.7
773.6
1064.0
1927.5
2566.6
2960.6
3304.7
3630.8
3261.0
1624.6
3770.4
4090.3
3600.4
1635.8
912.1
912.1
549.4
343.2
218.7
549.4
343.2
218.7
Exerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses ony to
permied
students enrolled in courses }or whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproducin or rnsion of his rk beyond th
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-165

5000.0
4500.0
4000.0
3500.0
3000.0
_*x-
(!
2500.0
G
J.
(!
Cooling Load
2000.0
1500.0
Soiar Heat Gain (Btu/hr)
000.0
500.0
0.0
B-44
This problem uses the same solution procedures as Problem 8-43. Note
that the solar irradiation on the window is the same as that shown in
Problem 8-11. Also, note that the calculated Soar gain at 3:00 p.m. is
slightly different from that shown in Problem 8-39 due to rounding errors.
Th radiative/convective split of 90%l10% is also used for this problem.
lnPut Data
Area
Frame Area
Diffuse SHGC
Angular SGc - 0"
Angular SHGC - 40'
ngular SHGO - 50'
Angular SHGC - 60'
Angular SHGC - 70'
Angular SHGC - 80"
Frame SHGC
Glass
27.2
4.8
ft'
ft2
0.57
0.68
0.65
0.62
0.54
0.39
0.18
0.029
OutPut Data
Clock
lnc.
Time
Angle,'
1.00
2.00
3.00
152.14
154.11
'150.59
Dir lrrad,
Btu/hr-
ft2
0.00
0.00
0.00
Diff lrrad, Btu/hr-
Solar Heat Gain,
f1'
Btu/hr
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

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his ork beyond th Permied
f
trnslin
or
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ny
adopted.
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been
the
textbook
students enrolled in courses fbr which
is unlful.
by Sectins 07 or 08 f the ] 97 6 (]nied Sttes Copyright ct wihou the permission f the copyrigh oner
166
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
1
1.00
12.00
'13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
143.20
133.87
123.75
113.42
103.29
93.66
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
84.88
22.70
77.37
71.58
58.92
87.76
105.54
1 10.30
101.56
80.22
48.70
11.34
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
68.02
67.06
68.82
our
Heat Gain
(Btl/hr\
Convective
Radiative
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
.
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
55.7
251.0
418.0
612.7
1025.8
1549.2
1926.2
2029.8
1842 1
1395.9
880.3
533.2
372.6
2
3
4
5
o
7
I
I
HG
61.9
278.9
27.9
464.4
46.4
10
680.7
68.1
11
114.0
214.0
225.5
to
1139.7
1721.4
2140.2
2255.4
2046.8
1551.0
17
978.1
97.8
18
19
592.5
59.2
413.9
41.4
22.3
0.5
0.0
12
13
14
15
20
21
22
23
24
223.4
5.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
172.1
204.7
1
55.1
----
0.0
1139.73
1721.36
2140.21
58.85
59.94
57.95
22.00
23.00
24.00
Solar
6'1.91
278.89
464.39
680.73
54.81
73.09
79.44
87.38
96.45
106.26
116.49
126.80
136.76
145.67
21.00
0.00
.00
.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.96
17.83
29.69
39.68
48.23
201.1
4.5
0.0
0.0
..--o.0
2255,35
53.1 0
2046.81
1551.04
45.86
978.1 5
36.84
26.46
14.28
0.32
0.0
0.00
0.0
592.46
413.94
223.45
4.97
0.00
0.00
0.00
Radiative
Cooling
Load
Cooling
Load
356.3
341.8
328.6
316.4
305.0
356.3
341.8
328.6
316.4
305.0
294.1
294.1
297.0
338.9
391.2
457.1
583.2
763.0
935.3
1046.5
1067.8
303.1
1149.3
1272.0
1272 4
366.8
437.6
525.2
697.2
935.1
991 0
1146.1
853.6
723.9
783.1
633.6
675.0
551.8
465.4
465.9
421.3
393.5
373.0
951.4
574.1
421.3
393.5
373.0
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167

2500.0
2000.0
500.0
--l_Solar
eat Gain (Btu/hr)

,--x- Cooling Load
(E
000.0
500.0
0.0
8-45
lnternal
Hour
Heat Gain
(w)
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
20.0
200.0
200.0
2000.0
2000.0
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
2000.0
11
2000.
2000.0
200.0
2000.0
12
13
14
15
2000.0
16
2000.0
17
18
2000.0
19
200.0
200.
Convective
HG
Radiative
HG
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1000.0
1000.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
10.
'10.
1000.0
1000.0
100.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
100.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
100.0
Radiative
Cooling
Load
Cooling
Load
125.3
225.3
116.6
111.O
216.6
211.0
107.3
105.0
207.3
205.0
103.4
102.4
566.7
753.8
203.4
202.4
1566.7
1753.8
85'1.1
906.9
940.8
1906.9
1940.8
(V
851 .1
962.1
1962.1
975.6
984.3
990.0
993.6
996.0
532.6
1975.6
1984.3
1990.0
1993.6
1996.0
632.6
EXcetS from this wrk may be reprduced by instructors fr distribution on a not-fr-profit basis for testing or instructional puses only to
students enolled in ourses for which th tetbook has been adopted. ny her reproduction or trnstion of this rk beyond h permitted
bySectins 07 or 08of he ]976UniedSttesCpyrightctwithutthepermissinf
thecpyrighownerisunlcrful.
'168
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
20
21
22
23
24
100.0
100.
10.
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.
100.0
100.0
346.2
249.2
193.6
446.2
349.2
159.9
293.6
259.9
138.7
238.7

2500.0
2000.0
'6
1500.0
+*x-
(!
()
lnternal
l-1eat
Cooling Load
Gain (W)
(\/)
o
(
8-46
Hour
1
2
3
lnternal
Heat Gain
rw)
200.0
200.
20.
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
2000.0
2000.0
2000.0
2000.0
2000.0
2000.0
2000.0
I
o
10
11
12
'13
14
Convective
Radiative
HG
Radiative
Cooling
Load
Cooling
Load
(w)
100.0
1.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
100.
1000.0
100.0
405.'1
505.1
392.9
381.7
371.2
361.3
492.9
481.7
HG
10.0
'100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1000.0
1000.0
100.0
1000.0
100.
1000.0
1000.0
352.1
343.3
518.9
562.8
59.6
612.3
630.8
471.2
461.3
452.1
443.3
15'18.9
1562.8
1590.6
1612.3
1
630.8
647.1
1647.1
661.9
1661.9
xets from this work may be reproduced by instuctors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to
students enroled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted' ny oher reprductn or rnsl(tion of his work beyond tht permied
by Sectins 07 or ] 08 of the 1 976 Unied Sttes Copyrgh c'ihou he permissionbf the cpyrigh wner is unlful.
'169
2000'
2000.0
15
16
2000.0
17
18
19
2000.0
200.0
200.0
20.
200.0
200.0
200.0
20
21
22
23
24
100.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
1000.0
100.0
100.
10.
100.0
100.0
100.
675.5
1675.5
688.2
700.0
1700.0
711 .1
1711 .1
537.6
495.7
637.6
469.9
449.9
433.2
418.4
'1688.2
595.7
569.9
549.9
533.2
518.4
Gooling Loads and Heat Gains

2500.0
200.0
1500.0
1000.0
500.0
;
0.0
:.
.::l
----
lnternal Fleat Gain (W1
*-s*
ooling Load (W)
&-x** *
L-.*
cerpts tiom this ork may be reprodued by instructrs for distributin on a not_for-profit basis fr testing or instrutional puoses only to
students enroled in ouses 1br whih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproduction or trnson of this work beyond h permied
by Secins ]07 or ]08 fhe 976 Lnited SteS Cpyright c ihou he permiSSin fhe copyrigh oner is unlwful'
170
8-47
Gomparison of LW and
o(!
M/ 1
Zone Responses
2000.0
, 1500.0
--r-- lnternal Heat Gain )

MW1 Zone Clg. Ld v)
:=
o
o
,
(,
_--.*
-_.*- W Zone Clg. Ld. (W)
1000.0
a'
'6
(,
*.
\
\
50.
5**+-
--'.
l)*
':'*
^__x
-t-
11
'13
15
17
19
21
23
Hour
As shown in the figure, there is a signifrcant difference in the response of

the two Zones, with the W zone having substantiatly more damping and
time delay.
Excets f?om this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to
students enrolled in courses fr whih th textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproclucin or rnsionbf hs work beyod ih permied
by Sections ]07 r ]08 ofhe }976 United Stes Cpyright ctwithut the permissin fhe cpyrigh wner i unlful'
171
8-48
Assumptions applied to each heat gain are discussed in the solution to

Probem 8-15. The equipment heat gain is assumed to be continuous. The
total convective and radiative heat gains are determined in the folowing
table. he atent cooing oads are equivalent to the latent heat gains
shown in the last column.
Name:
Radiative
Fraction:
99p]9_ Lihtino
Euipment
0.7
0.59
0.2
eat
Gain
(\/)
eat
Gain
/w)
Heat Gain
(w)
0
0
0
2160
2160
4800
4800
4800
4800
4800
4800
4800
llor
I
12
13
2160
2160
2160
2160
14
2160
15
2160
2160
2160
10
11
16
17
18
48CI0
4800
4800
4800
19
20
0
n
21
22
23
24
0
0
0
0
0
4000
4000
400
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
400
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
4000
40
4000
4000
Total
Total
Latent
from
otal
Radiative
Convective
People
Heat
Heat
Heat Gain
r
Heat
Gain
(w)
320C)
320
3200
3200
3200
3200
3200
Gain (W)
Gain (W)
4000
4000
4000
400
4000
4000
4000
800
800
800
800
800
0960
0960
1 0960
1 0960
1 0960
1 0960
1 0960
1 960
1 0960
1 0960
8800
1
1
4000
400
400
400
4000
4000
800
800
5144
5144
5144
5144
5144
5144
5144
5144
5144
5144
3632
800
80
800
800
800
800
0
0
0
0
n
581 6
350
350
1 350
1 350
1 350
581 6
581 6
5816
581 6
581 6
581 6
5816
581 6
58l 6
350
35
350
1 350
1 350
5168
3200
320
3200
3200
3200
320
0
0
0
0
0
The sensible loads are then determined from the radiative and convective
heat gains using Equation 8-67 and the radiant time factors from able 821, as shown in the next table.
cets liom this work may be reproduced by instructors 1br dlsribltlon n a notbr-pofit basis for testing or instructiona] purposes ony to
it- lrses fr hich the tebook has ben adptd. l;l er reprdction or trnslcio cf his 'ork beyond h
erfrited
by Sectils ] 07 r 08 f he 97 6 Unied SteS Copyrigh c ihou le ernission f the cpyrigh '!'ner iS unl.ful'
suderrts en:-olled
172
lnternal
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
'13
14
15
16
17
18
Heat Gain
(w)
Convective
G
Radiative
4000.0
4000.0
4000.0
400.0
4000.0
4000.0
4000.0
10960.0
10960.0
10960.0
10960.0
10960.0
10960.0
1096.0
10960.0
320.0
3200.0
3200.0
3200.0
3200.0
3200.0
3200.0
5816.0
5816.0
5816.0
5816.0
5816.0
5816.0
5816.0
5816.0
'10960.0
58 1 6.0
10960.0
5816.0
5168.0
3200.0
320.0
3200.0
3200.0
3200.0
3200.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
5144.0
5144.0
5144.0
5144.0
5144.0
5144.0
5144.0
5144.0
5144.0
5144.0
880'0
4000.0
4000.0
4000.0
4000.0
4000.0
4000.0
'19
20
21
22
23
24
HG
3632.0
800.0
80.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
800.0
Radiative
Cooling
Load
Cooling
Load
(w)
2218.4
5418.4
5362.5
2162.5
2110.6
2062.1
2016.7
1973.8
1933.3
2782.4
5310.6
5262.1
5216.7
5173.8
5133.3
8598.4
2996.'1
8812.1
3131.2
3237.5
8947.2
3328.
3408.1
3480.7
3547.6
3609.6
JOO /. /
3413.3
2799.1
2625.5
2512.4
2422.9
9053.5
9144.0
9224.1
9296.7
9363.6
9425.6
9483.7
8581.3
5999.1
5825.5
5712.4
5622.9
2346.8
5546.8
2279.4
5479.4

1200.0
10000.0
'6
8000.0
o
,
6000.0
4000.0
2000.0
0.0
instructional purposs only to

xets fiom this wok may be reproduced by instructofs for distrlbution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or
of this rk beyond ht permited
trnsion
or
reprducion
ny
other
adopted'
has
been
textbok
which
th
fo
in
ouses
enrolled
students
by Secions 07 or 08 fthe ]976 Jnited Sttel Cpyrigh ct\'ithout the permissin ofhe cpyrigh owner is unlfu.
173
8-49
Assumptions applied to each heat gain are discussed in the solution to

Problem 8-'16. The equipment heat gain is assumed to be continuous; the
lighting heat gain is assumed to occur from 8 a.m.-6 p.m. The total
convective and radiative heat gains are determined in the following table.
The latent cooling oads are equivalent to the latent heat gains shown in the
last column.
People
Liohtin
Eioment
Fraction:
0.7
.59
0.2
Hour
Heat
Gain
(w)
Heat
Gain
(w)
Name:
Radiative
9
't0
2835
2835
2835
11
2835
12
2835
2835
2835
2835
2835
5625
5625
5625
5625
5625
5625
5625
5625
5625
5625
5625
13
14
15
'16
17
18
19
2835
20
0
0
21
22
23
24
0
0
0
0
Heat Gain
rw)
700
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
700
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
700
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
7000
Latent
from
otal
Total
Radiative
Total
Convective
Pete
Heat
Heat
eat Gain
Heat
Gain
(w)
Gain (W)
Gain (W)
70
7000
1400
1400
1400
1400
1400
1400
140
700
7000
700
7000
700
5460
1 5460
1 5460
1 5460
1 5460
1 5460
1 5460
1 5460
1 5460
'15460
6703.25
6703.25
6703.25
6703.25
6703.25
6703.25
6703.25
6703.25
6703,25
6703.25
12625
4718.75
400
7000
7000
7000
1400
1400
7000
700
7000
400
1400
1400
/\
5600
5600
5600
5600
5600
560
5600
8756.75
8756.75
8756.75
8756.75
8756.75
8756.75
8756.75
8756.75
8756.75
8756.75
7906.25
5600
5600
5600
5600
5600
5600
0
0
0
0
0
0
2835
2835
2835
2835
2835
2835
2835
2835
2835
2835
0
0
0
0
heat gains using quation 8-67 and the radiant time factors from able 821 , as shown in the next table.
EXcetS fm this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not_for_prfit basis or testing or instructional puoses only to
students enro|led in courses for whih the textbok has been adopted. ny her reproduction or rnslin f this ork beyond tht permited
by Secions ]07 or ]08
ofthe 976 Lnied
Sttes Cpyright ctlithut the permissin
fhe cpyright oner is unlful.
174
lnternal
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
'13
14
15
o
17
'18
19
20
Heat Gain
(w)
Convective
G
Radiative
7000.0
7000.
7000.0
7000.0
5600.0
5600.0
5600.0
5600.0
5600.0
5600.0
5600.0
8756.8
8756.8
8756.8
8756.8
8756.8
8756.8
8756.8
8756.8
8756.8
8756.8
7906.3
5600.0
5600.0
5600.0
5600.0
5600.0
5600.0
1400.0
1400.0
7000.
7000.0
7000.
15460.0
15460.0
15460.0
15460.0
15460.0
1546.0
15460.0
15460.0
15460.0
15460.0
12625.0
7000.0
7000.0
7000.0
7000.0
7000.0
21
22
23
24
7000.0
HG
400.0
140.0
140.0
1
400.0
140.0
6703.3
6703.3
6703.3
6703.3
6703.3
6703.3
6703.3
6703.3
6703.3
6703.3
4718.8
1400.0
1400.0
1400.0
1400.0
1400.0
1400.0
Radiative
Cooling
Load
Cooling
Load
(w)
2888.2
8488.2
8430.6
8377,5
8327.8
8280.7
2830.6
2777.5
2727.8
2680.7
2635.8
2592.7
3814.6
4292.6
4539.8
4694.4
4806.9
4897.4
4975.3
5045.3
5109.7
5170.2
4754.8
3825.2
3446.7
3246.7
31 19.9
3027.2
2952.4
8235.8
8192.7
12571.3
13049.3
13296.5
13451.2
13563.6
13654.2
13732.1
13802.0
13866.5
'13926.9
12661.0
9425.2
9046.7
8846.7
8719.9
8627.2
8552.4

18000.0
16000.0
'6
(!
q)
oE
IE
14000.0
'12000.0
10000.0
8000.0
---G- lnternal
*x*
Fteat Gain (W;
Cooling Load ()
600.0
4000.0
2000.0
0.0
basis for tsting or instrutional puoses only to

xcerpts tio this work may be reproduced by instuctors f distribution n a not-for-profit
reprodc'tin or trnson of ths ork beyond ht permitted
students enrolled in ourses tbr which the textbook has been adopted. ny other
thecopyrightonerisunful'
iysr,iton, 107 r ]0Bf the 1976JnitedSttesCopyrighctlithoutthipermissinof
175
8-50
Heat gain to the space = 0.8 x 6000 W = 4800 W, assumed 59% radiative,
41o/o convective, from able 8-20' The sensible loads are then determined
from the radiative and convective heat gains using Equation 8-67 and the
radiant time factors from Table 8-21, as shown below. here are no latent
cooling loads.
lnternal
our
Heat Gain
(w)
Convective
G
Radiative
HG
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1968.0
1968.0
1968.0
1968.0
1968,0
1968.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2832.0
2832.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
18
4800.0
4800.0
4800.0
4800.0
4800.0
4800.0
4800.0
4800.0
4800.0
4800.0
4800.0
4800.0
480.0
't9
0.0
20
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
21
22
23
24
'1968.0
1968.0
1968.0
1968.0
1968.0
1968.0
1968.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2832.0
Radiative
Cooling
Load
Cooling
Load
(w)
79.8
52.4
34.7
79.8
52.4
34.7
23.1
23.1
'15.6
15.6
1473.9
3441.9
4028.5
2060.5
2365.5
4333.5
4508.5
2832.0
2540.5
2646.7
2832.0
2713.2
4614.7
4681.2
2832.0
2755.6
4723.6
2832.0
2832.0
2832.0
2782.9
2800.5
4750.9
4768.5
2812.0
2832.0
2819.5
4780.0
4787.5
4792.3
2832.0
2832.0
2832.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2824.3
2827.5
1366.5
777.9
471.8
296.0
189.3
122.5
4795.5
1366.5
777.9
471.8
296.0
189.3
122.5
A plot showing the lighting heat gain and resuting cooling loads follows.
puoses ony toExcerpts frm this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution n a not-for-pro1it basis 1br testing r instrutional
this ork beynd ht permited
students enoled in courses tbr hih the tsxtbook has been adopted. ny ther reproclucion or trnston f
by Secion 107 r ]08 ofthe 976 United Saes Copyri?h c1|,ithou the permission ofhe copyrigh olner is unlful.
t-
176
6000.0
5000.0
,6
4000.0
--{-
3000.0
|nternal Fleat Gain (\l)
___x* Cooling Load
(\/)
o
l,
57
11 13 15 17 19 21
23
Hour
8-5'1
The schedule described in problem 8-18 is reduced to the number of

peope present per hour in the table below. Assuming "Seated, light office
*ork'', the sensible heat gain per person is 245 Btu/hr (72) and the latent
heat gain per person is 2bO Btu/hr (59 W). lnternal heat gains from
occupants are assumed to be 70o/o radiative. The latent cooling loads are
equivalent to the latent heat gains shown in the table.
8heat gains using Equation 8-67 and the radiant time factors from Table
21 , as shown below.
As is readily evident from the plot, the heavyweight zone significantly

damps the response to the heat gains'
on a not-fr-profit basis for testing r nstructional purposes only to

Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution
ther repriucon or rnslion of his work beyond h permied
.
ny
uopt.
..n
t-,u,
textbook
which
the
fbr
Studnts enoled in courses
permissin
fthe copyrigh owner is unlful'
hi
cyithou
by Secins ]07 or ]08 ofhe 976 United SeS Copyri?ht
177
People
Hour
resent
40
40
60
60
60
70
70
10
11
12
13
14
'15
16
17
18
19
70
10
20
21
22
23
24
0
0
0
0
lnternal
Heat Gain
(w)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2880.0
2880.0
4320.0
4320.0
4320.0
5040.0
5040.0
5040.0
720.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
.0
Convective
HG
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
864.0
864.0
1296.0
1296.0
'1296.0
1512.0
1512.0
1512.0
216.0
.0
0.0
.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Radiative
HG
0.0
0.0
0.0
.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Latent
heat
gain
Radiative
Cooling
Load
20.6
Cooling
Load
(w)
20.6
12.5
7.8
5.0
3.4
2.5
2.0
12.5
7.8
5.0
3.4
2.5
2.0
(\/)
0
0
0
0
0
1.6
1.6
2016.0
2016.0
1021.8
1484.5
3024.0
3024.0
3024.0
3528.0
3528.0
3528.0
504.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2233.7
2593.8
2784.5
1885.8
2348.5
3529.7
3889.8
2360
2360
3540
3540
3540
4't30
4130
4130
3143.9
4080.5
4655.9
33'17.9
4829.9
3410.8
1931 .3
4922.8
2147.3
1010.7
552.7
309.2
175.8
1010.7
552.7
309.2
175.8
101.1
101.1
58.8
34.6
58.8
34.6
590
0
0
0
0

6000.0
5000.0
'
4000.0
3000.0
--*-
*-s*
lnternal Heat Gain (W1

Cooling Load (W)
200.0
1000.0
puoses only to
Excets from this work may be reprodued by instructors fr distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional
ht permited
students enrolled in course s for which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproducin or rnsion of hs ork beyond
by Secins ] 07 or ] 08 f the 97 6 (Jnitecl Ses Copyrgh c |ihu the permissin f he copyright wner is unlfu.
178
Solution to be provided by an instructor.
basis for
instru:lor:.fo, distribution on a not-for-profit has been
by
reprduced
be
may
wrk
Excerpts from this
for which the textbok
on1y stues enr1led i, "or.r"s
]07 or 10B
testing or instrutional purposes
ork beyo'nd tht permitted by Sections
o}ths
owner is unlwful'
adopted. ny other repiodction "y ""ititi"
the permission-o/'u copyrgit
ct
of the 1976 (Jnitecl itotus Copyright
'iin,
he Piimiision Deprtment, John
nfrmtionilroua i" oaarrrruio
h'uouurt, for permission or further
'';i,;;;'';:"{,-i", il l Riir
Street' Hoboken' NJ 07030'
CHAPTER 9
average degree day is 6283'
From Table 9-1, the number of
From Fig. 9-1, Co = 0'60
Using q' 9-2,
f-
_
tu l hr)(}'60)
(24hr l dy)(6283' F dy)\2-^2-^1000
= 438,727 std ft3
(0 (7_ 12"tr)(10 \tu l stdff)
gas
Or F = 438.7 mcf of natural
f-
= 102,867 kw-hr
(24hrldy)(6283'F_dy)(-^?5,000tulhr)(0'60)
l kW _ hr)
(1 J) ql o _z' r)aL2tu
0'287
$Elec = 102,867(0.1 O) = $1
$Gas = 438.7(4.5) = $1,974
Sec_$Gs
$Gs
|0287_974
914
4.2
5'2 times as much'

or the electric cost is about
Source energy using eec'
_
(1 02,s 67 k-t4l
!u_
@at)(000stdff
= 1063'6 mcf
Source energy using gas
hD
438'7 mcf
kY-' hr)
lm
>_-
S,_SG
1063.6
_438'7
- more1.42Source energy'
=
"o,"ff=-tiU
That is ele. heat uSeS 242%
9-3
DU'
The following are information for Washington'
degree day is 4224'
From Table g-l,1he number of average
From Fig. 9-1 , CD= O'62'
is 20 "F'
From Table B-1a, the outdoor temperature
Forenergyefficientfurnace,assume85o/oeffiiencyfactor,
Using q' 9-2,
-, F
,-,= 04hr l d )(4224"
"
_ dy)(|20'000t u
hr)(0'62\
'o'=177,468stdft3
20"trX1O00tu l stdft3)
Or F = 177 .5 mcf of natural gas
-10.85X7O_
9-4
Load Profiles
+5
Qro" = ato
120,OO0=a(20)+b
g=2(gQ)+b
80000
160000
toooo
t_ l z000
12,ooQ =(20 _60)a
a = -3OOO, b = 180,000
3'000 to
Q uo" = 180,000 -
E'
lo
soooo
6oooo
4oooo
2OoOo
0
30
4o
Outdoor TemP, "F
9-5
8o. = Qrn - Qnt = 18O'oOO
_
to
o" = 160,000 3,000
3'Oo0
to
20'00
or instructional puosS only to

on a not-'br-pro'it basis for testing
instrutrs for distribution
by
reprduced
be
may
work
*is wor-k beyond ht permited
this
Exets from
-ny oher *p-a""ri"]r'i,oô*7
the txtbook r-,* *.
oner is unlful'
studnts enrolled in courses to. w,-'
""pi.. i'!
copyright
he
of
irr'*i"
l'oii'ii'ri,',r, copyrgn, 'a}i:i';;u'
by Secions ]07 or 108 o7 m,
186
9-6
ll
lll
Group
lVVVl
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
shift
shift 2
1481012162024
Hour
ssumes Sunday and Saturday in shift 2

See Table 9-2
shift 1
hrs in
Group
ea. qp
shift 1
Days in
ea. qp.
hrs ea. qp
Total
hrs in
ea. p.
Frac. of
shift 1
hrs ea. gp
Frac. of
hrs in
ea. qp.
Total
shift
28
0.0
'1.0
il
28
0.0
1.0
28
0.36
0.64
IV
20
28
0.71
0.29
20
28
0.71
0.29
VI
20
28
0.71
0.29
instructional puoses only t

Ecets from his wrk may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution n a not-for-profit basis for testing or
wrk beyond ht permited
f
this
rcnsion
or
reprodiction
ny
other
adoptedbeen
has
students enrolled in courses for whrch the textbook
hecopyrighowneriSunlfu.
bySecins ]07 r ]08of the 976(JnitedSteSCopyrightcthoutthepermissionof
lo/
9-6 (Cont.)
Bin.
Temp
lII
Shift t hrs in each Group
III
shift
IVVVI
96
77
67
47
48
38
28
17
68
82
94
62
65
54
36
17
12
16
69
58
86
87
99
75
66
28
22
11
62
57
52
47
42
37
32
27
22
34
38
49
36
35
32
27
10
17
12
hrs
267
255
296
232
247
199
157
72
58
22
2
Tota:
shift 2
hrs
375
346
388
337
420
422
347
157
113
73
16
1807
2994
9-7
The procedure is the same as Problem 9-6. Use appropriate bin data from
pp. B in last step as per Table 9-3.
9-8
Refer to xample 9-2, insert shift hours of Problem 9-6 in column 2 and 3
of Table 9-5 and recalculate.
9-9
Reconstruct able-9-3 for the appropriate city to obtain Shift A and Shift B
hours. lnsert the hours in columns 2 and 3 of Table 9-5 and recalculate.
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students eno11ed in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproduction or rnsltion of this work beyond h permtted
by Secins ] 07 or 1 08 of he 1 976 Uned SeS Cpyrigh ct ithut he permission of the copyrigh lner is unlful.
188
9-10
Reconstruct Table 9-3 using the shift hour fractions from Problem 9-6 and
bin hours and temperatures for the appropriate city. lnsert the shift hours
in column 2 and 3 of Table 9-5 and bin temperatures in column 1 and
recalculate.
9-1
Solution furnished by an instructor.
'/'''
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproduction r trnstion of this 'rk beyond ht permitted
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testing or instrutinal puoses only to students enrolled in courses fr which the textbook has been
adpted. ny other reproduction or trnsltion of this wrk beyond tht permitted by Sections 107 or
0B of the 1976 Jnited Sttes Copyright ct without the permission f the copyright ov)ner is unlwful.
Requests for permission or further informtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment,
John Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] ] Rier Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030'
1O-1. (a)
',*
CHAPTER
1O
o+ + _Pz+'
Zz+
Wp +
-80 (ft
neglect
(!
iz;
Wp =
-, g/g/"
tt, Vl
VziZ=z
lbf)/lbm
Pz = Pl + Wp = 20 + 62.4(80)1144 = 54.7 psig

Ps = Pz - Ps_ U:)rg= 54.7 _ (62'4 X 50)/1 44 _ (20 x 62'41144)
Pg= 54.7 _ 3.3
P=Pz- PZ-((izg_
24'4 psig
(1't)g+
=54.7
ffiX25)
28.7 psig
(#)(20+
(b) Neglecting the pump, the pressure or head required for this pipe is:
= 28'7 - 20
psi or P
8.7 psi
20.1 ft.
87I
I
lo
t-
20
l
l
l)
|
This is the
characteristic
for only part
of the total
system.
oa
0L_
10-2.
Note:
= Hz
* +
150
(.
trZz=
(8 x 2.31)
250 + 30 + 300
'15) =
190
'10-3.
= 98.5 ft of water
=
42'6 psig 294 kPa
Jt
l_z=Hp+ !,t+z=0
H^ =
('-2,
970 kPa
-25- 300
= -325ft: H^ = 325ft of head
100
10-4.
)+ 12 + 1b
5o
75
10-5. (a)l=al+Z
Hz=zQz+z
H2
L
z2
.)
Hq
-c.
Series Connection
Ql=Qz;Sum
xcerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors 1br distribution on a not-for-proit basis for testing or instrutinal puoses only to
students enolled in ourses for vhih the textbook has been adoted' ny her reproducion or rnsion of his rk beyond h
permitted by Sections ]07 or 08 ofhe ]976 United Ses Copyrighctwithou the permissin fhe copyrigh oner is unfu.
H=lr
191
H=Hl *Hz
=Qz(a+Az)+G+zz)
Parallel Connection
Hl = z, =ZzorZ=0
Sum Q
Ql=
Q
Ê,z=
Yar
=Q
+Q
Ê
Yaz
r= JH_(Jil q * ^[-) .
6ra*M)'
10-6.
t=f!Y1
' D2g ; V = 6. 3ft/sec, L = 3OO ft, D =
4.026
12
Referring to Figures 10-2a and 1 0-2b

62'4(1 .04)6'30(4'026 l12)
Re = D _
= 75,696
(2'7 11490)
= 0.00015 ft; Table 10-1
/d=o.ooo1
12
5" 4.026
/D = 0.00045; f =
(,=
0'022 Fig.
/3OO)
0.022 \'
10-1
(6.30)2
(4.026 t 12) 2(32.17)
= 12.6 ft of water
= 12.1 ft of 30o/o E.G.sol.
38 kPa
-'.--Excerpts frm this work may be reprodued by instructors for djstribution on a nt-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to
students enrolled in courses or which the textbook has been adoped' ny ther reproduction or rnstion of his ork beyond h
permitted by Secions ] 07 or 1 08 of the ] 976 United Stes Cpyright ct ithou he permission of he copyright wner is unlful.
192
10-7.
(a)
so
925
J-
100
125
150
gpm
(b)
Qn
(c)
28ft
(d)
10-8.
48 gpm; Qs
60 gpm
Qs = 32 gpm
Qc = 41 gpm
Qn
24 gpm; Qc
= 32 gpm;
_ 125 gpm
Refer to Problem 10-7;
(a) Hn= uoQi, n=

Hs = auQ3, s =
Hc = a.Q3, c =
z _ 0
9=
50'
ai +
9=
a6
30'
=
+=+
aa 45'
=O.9O8O
= o'o278
=o.O'148
a2
H(^n/o!o8
(b) Q
Jt
02
oza + J.roua)2
= 100 gpm; H = O.OO155 x (1OO),
645.06
= 0.001
55Q2
1S.5 ft
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a nt-for-prfit basis for testing r instructional purposes only to
students enro]ed in courses for which the textbook has been adopted' ny other reproduction or rnsltion of this work beyoncl h
permiedbySectins 07 or l08 of he ]976LlniedSalesCpyrightct]ihouhepermissionf
he copyrighnerisunlfu.
193
Hn = Hs = c = 'l5.5 ft
Qn=
J/r
Qg=
.'m
Qc =
Jss/oJl4g
(c) From
(a)
=.,/l55/O.OO8 =44gpm
lo'o2?8
above. H
Qn=
= 32.4 gom
= 0.001
55(12q2 = 24.2 tt
=55qpm
=
29.5 gpm
Qc = J%2to148
4O.4 qpm
e
Q
23'6 pm
J2lo278
Qg =
1o-9.
= 125 gpm
r|2g"(P,
'--L
= CA
_Pr)l''''
D2
v'vv
= O.55
'D1 =84.8
154.1
-]
aSSume C = 0.638 using Fig. 10-9;
Ar=
-4 (O.os4s)2 = O.00565
P_Pz
Q
V
C6
m2
= O.O98(13.55)9.s = 13.O13 J/kg
= 0.63S(0.0056 5)t2(13,013)11/2 =
z=
^:
3.26 m/s; Re
0.638 From Fig.
0.0184 m3/s x 292 gpm
999(3'26)(0:085)
1.4x10-3
= 1.98 x'105
10-9.
herefore the original assumption is satisfactory.

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students enrolled in courses tbr which the textbook has been adoped' ny ther reprduction or rnslaon of his ori beyond-th
permitted by Secions ] 07 or 0B of he ] 976 United Ses Cpyrigh ct wihu the permissin of he copyrigh ner is unwful.
194
1o-1o. (a)V.. = 2g" (Po,
_,ll"' _|z x s?'
x o.os x 144
0 +91x 144)
L-" [ )] L
Table A-1a;
1t2
=3.97 ft/sec
= 59'83 lbm/ft3
(b)rir = VA(O. 821= 59.83 x 3.97
r+][q''l2
12 )
4r
o.z
rh = 39 lbm/sec or 140,674 lbm/hr
10-11
(a)
40
35
(b)
Read from Fig. 10-11a at 35 ft and '125 gpm, W. = '1.6 HP
(c)
(d)
his is actually out of the operating range of the pump and the
T2s
= 180 gpm, H, = 20 ft; 1.8 P
efficiency is very low. ln situations like this there is a danger of

overloading the pump motor; however, that does not appear to be
a problem in this case since the motor is probably a 2HP model.
xcerpts from this work may be reprodced by instrutors for distribution on a not_fr-profit basts for testing or instrutional purpses only to
students enrlled in ourses for whih the textbok has been adpted. ny other reprodctin r rnslion f his work beyond tht
permied by Sections ]07 or 08 fhe 1976 Uned Stes Copyrightct1|ihout he permissin fthe copyrigh oner is unlcrlful.
195
10-12. NPSHR
NPSHA
ft (Figure 10_1 1b)

[e"e") -2,-r,- f&9"]
\ g /
g)
NPSH
20
to
(
20='u 13.55x62.4 -"_2_ t_l'sox 44
12
62.2
"=32'85_20_2_1'17
'10-13. (a) 231 gpm, p = 73'4%

W, = 12* tlP
(b) 225 gpm o = 73 '3o/o

W, = 12- P
10-14.
(a)
= 73.3o;
W,
= 11. 5
az.z
9.68 ft; (2.)rr, = 9.68 ft
200
140
100
HP
185
(b)
225 gpm; '185 ft of head
149
r=73.5%;Ws=14P
(c)
o= 73o/o,
W.
= 14 P
225
231
gpm
10-15 From Problem 10-14b, the original system defined by 225 gpm and 149
ft of head and would operate at 242 gpm, 173 ft of head and require
14.4 HP with the 7in impellor. hen,
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students enrolled in urses for which the textbook has been adopled' ny her reproducion or rnsion f his wrk beynd th
permited by Sections ] 07 or 08 of he 97 6 United Stes Copyrigh c ithou he permission of he cpyright lner is unlwful.
_. _
196
Pln= 35o[+.l =3o37

\242 )
" 3
H^ =
w^
"
(go37
)'
= l3O ft
3500/
4.4(s037)'
3500,
e.4 HP
The fficiency woud not Chan ge,74.2o
1o-16
Dn
"r(#)=
Hn = *,
1.
()'
.[)u
7(o e7)
173
6 8 in
(o'g44)= 163 ft
= 14'4(o'g17)
= 13 2
The fficiency would not Chan ge,74.2o
10-17. Uses Fig.
0-20 or program PIPE
(a) 25 gm; 1 % in., V < 4 ftlsec,2in dia. or less

(b) 40 gpm; 2in. V < 4 fVsec,2in dia. or less
(c) 15 gpm; 1in., v < 4 fUsec, 2in dia. or less
(d) 60 gm;2% in', '(,'1< 4 pVsec; dia > 2 in.
(e) 2OO gpm; g %in., .(,'1< 4 ftllOO pUsec; dia > 2in.
2ooo gpm; 8 in., /1 slightly
>
4 ftl1oo
ft
Exerpts 1iom this work may be reprduced by instructors fbr distribution on a not-fr-profit basis for testing or instructional puosos only to
students enroled in courses tbr which the textbook has been adopted' ny her reproduction or trnsion of this ork beyond h
permied by Secions ] 07 or 08 of he ] 97 6 Unted Ses Copyrigh c ithu the permission of he cp,'igh ner is unlwful.
197
1-18. (a) K = 30 ft, ft = 0.019; K = 0.57 (Table
(b) K
10-2; Figure 10-22a)

= 3.82 fVsec; ! r = 0'57(3'822l2.2x2)= O.13 ft
= 340 ft, ft= 0.017;
= 5.0
f/sec; !
= 5.78
= 5.78 x 5.02t132.2
x2)
(c) K= 60ft, ft= 0.018; K = 1.08

V = 6.5 ft/sec; ! r= 1.08 x 6.52t(2x32.2)
'10-1e.
!r=
2.31
(#)'
2.24 ft
= 0.71 ft
= 10.8 ft of water or 4.7 psi.
10-20. Assume com. stl. pipe

Q
= O.O3
mt/s = 108 m3/hr, size pipe for about 4 mllOO m
From Fig. 10-20, use 5 inch pipe, lD = 130 mm

a,
f -_ ..25 ml100 m; [1= (3'251100)200
nt
'
Pg = 35 kPa
o-99-1'
'
|
"
For strainer. P"
1 0.00722 J
'27
6.5 m of water or 63.7 kPa
kPa
Then for the pump:

Pp = 63.7 + 35 +
'17
.3 + 3(1000)(9 .807)11000 = 145'4
kPa
p = 145.419'807 = 14.8 m
= O.O3 mu/s
30 L/s
10-21. Size the pipe using Fig. 10-20 or program PIPE. Fitting equivalent
lengths found using Fig. 10-22a; 10-22b and able 10-2' Program
PPE could be used to solve the complete problem including fitting
losses. Data for hard calculations are summarized below:
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students enroled in ourses or whih the textbook has been adopted' ny other reproducion or rnstion of his ork beyond ht
permitted by Sections ]07 or 08 ofhe 976 Unied SleS Cpyright clihu he permission ofhe cpyrigh oner is unful.
198
lO(3)
1ot3]
ro(3)
/o\
\:-/
o(3)
Sec.
No.
1
6
7
4
10
2
3
I
9
ch
qpm
stze
tn.
120
3
70
2.5
40
2
40
2
90
2.5
120
3
5
2
50
2
30
1.5
30
1.5
120
55)
it
Le
ft./'100 ft
ft.
ft.
3.38
45
1.5
1.5
3.64
'15
0.6
0.6
3.'1
24
0.7
3.'1
13
0.4
5.84
27
1.6
1.6
3.38
42
1.4
1.4
4.7
22
4.7
26
1.2
6.3
28
1.8
6.3
13
0.8
Coil
Con.
Valve
ft.
ft.
11.4
otal
ft.
12.1
12.0
10.0
12.4
11.0
10.0
14.4
11.2
16.2
15.0
15.8
20
Exerpts lrom this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-1br-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrol]ed in courses or whih the tXtbook has been adopted' ny her reproducin or trisltin of his ori beyoncl h
permitted by Secions ] 07 or 08 of he ] 976 (nted SeS Copyrigh ct wihut the peimission f he cpyrigh ower is uncnful.
199
The head losses for the three parallel runs are approximately the
same.
For run (1-5-6-Z-4-10), Hp = 49.6 ft

For run (1-5-S-g-10), Hp = 55.5 ft
For run (1-2-3-4-10), Hp = 46J ft
Therefore, a pump should be selected to provide about 56 ft of head
at
120 gpm.
10-22. 500 gpm, Use 5 inch pipe; !'f
= 8.0
4.17 fil1OO
ft
ftlsec
Length of pipe = 160 + 3O + 12 = 202

6-5 in elbows = ,lS
ft
ft
(Figure 10_22)
3-5 in gate valve = 12 ft

1-5 in gobe valve = 130 ft; Total equivalent length
= 419 ft
. 4.17(41e\
/, = -_1}-J "/ =
For strainer: !
hen Hp =
17
For cond
"o
17
'5 ft of water
2.31
= e.24ft of water
"=
= 20 ft of water
[#)'
'5 + 9.24 + 20 + (3o
12) = 64.7 ft at 5OO gpm
10-23'Use q. 10-33
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on a not-or-profit basis fbr testing or instructional puoss only to
students enrolled in ourses fr which the textbook has been adopted
ny her eprdacton or rq'nsion of his ork beynd th
permied by Sections ] 07 or 08 of he 1 976 United Ses Cpyright
ct ihut he peimission of the cpy.igh owner is unlfu.
200
,,_
".
_
-
6oott*:;*g
I
-,l) - 3x6 sxlo-u (1,0
gz.g
10-24' Use Eq. 10-34 v,

Vr-_8.-gal
-oull
= 19.4 9a1. = 74 L
og.g ]
g
L[ 0'10zz
_,'l _ 3x6.5x1
oo[[9
o_u (1,, o _
ou1l
'-___-_-J
'_ 69:%,
33 L
10-25. Use Eq.
10-33
tl = 60oF, P2= 50 psig, P1 = 20 psig, v1 = O.O1653 ft3/lbm
vz = O.O1 6772 ft3/lbm, tz = 220"F
V=
= _11_5_gal.
435 L
10-26
(a) Use Eq.
'10-16
P,+ PPz= Pzgzz +v+g
'g"9c
''
ff
lL
24o
9c
(zz-z)+ w
P9nLE
9cl
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a nt_for-profit basis for
testing r instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted,' ny other reproducton or ffion
of his wori beyond-h
permied by Secins ]07 r ]08 fhe 976 L]nied Ses Copyrightcthou he peimission fthe copyrigh
ower is untful'
t,
e4o)
#(60)
es1=Be psis or
61
2 kpa201
(b)
P,'+g!= P2+g2
9c - --gc
Pz=P-
(z-zz)=89.o
Pz = -15 psig
-effi
-i03 kpa or about o absorute
(c) No, makeup water is not available to overcome

a pressure of gg
psig. However, the domestic water system probabry
has a
booster pump.
10-27
(a)
Pz *
(zz-z) + * 9,
o*
gc
9c
62.4(240)
5+
144
62.4(60)
144
62.4(25)
144
'n0.8
Pr = 93.8 psig or 647 kpa
(b) =Pz+
Pl
!9
9c
(zz-z)
= 109 psig or 752
5 *62|(,2ra0) = 5 + 104 =.t09 psig
kPa
Excerpts from this work may be repoduced by instructors

for distributin n a not-for-profit basis for testing
or instructinal puoses only to
students enrolled in courses for which the
iextbook t-,u. ".n
permied by Sections ] 07 or 08 of the ] 976
1dj -l rir, rpr"a""ron or rnslion f his work beyond h
United Stes copyrighi
c withu he p,e1mison of he copyright ner
is unlful.
202
(c) This location is at east workable. owever the pressure at the
pump is still very high. The domestic service water
pressure would have to be boosted to a higher pressure at the 2oth
floor.
10-28
(oo , sz)
Qo
*Q.
(a,
x +o)=
(ao x
Q= 100
Solve Simultaneous
57Qb + (O x 1OO) - 4OQb = 100 x47
ab =
(b)
(c)
17
Q.
= 41.2 say 41gpm
= Q.. = 1OO -
41 = 59 gpm
Size all pipe for 100 gpm

D = 3 in. from Fig.
'1
0-20 or PIPE
10-29. (a) Each chiller requires 600 gpm. Since chiller 2 is partially loaded
must have the full flow of 600 gpm.
Therefore, Q"p = 1200 - 750 = 450 gpm
(b) (150 - 60)
(c) LR
+ (450
x 42)
600 ts, ts
46.5 F
= 150/600 = 0.25
(d) Main pipe to and from sec. Circuits: D = 8 in. com.
stl.
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students enlled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted' ny ther reproductin or trnslion of this work beyond h
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it
203
Dns = Dco = O in. com. sfl. (S in. a litile small)

D"p =
6 in. com. sfl.
Dsc = DRo = 6 n. com. stl. ( could be 5 in. but easier to make all
6
in.)
(e) Rpm,
( W
or
10-30. (a)
= PIl
050l12oo)
*#=1-ff
= 35OO(75o/12o0) =
2188
=,l_[ffiJ' =, (##)
= O 756
75o/o
Q"n = 12OO
-750
450 gpm
(450x42)+ (750x60)
= 53.3 F
1200
Both chillers receive the same temp. water
(b) Qrtr
+ Qztz = Qsts; ,. =
(c) Load
ratios are the same:
LR=
10-31.
##=0628or63%
xcerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors fr distribution on

a not-for_profit basis fr testing or instrutiona puoses only to
students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted.
ny her )eproclucion or rnslin of this rk beyoncl th
permitted by Sectin's 07 or 108 of he ] 976 Jnitecl Sttes Cpyrgh
c wthu he pession of the copyright ner is untful.
204
10
(13)
2(6) 3
*{s)
T'r^;n
}iJJ' ^
**nt*if r
1*{S}
u?
*{s} s 2(s) 8
Ba*n*s
ve,v*
{typi*aii
**rnnr** pip*
Note: Piping is type L copper

ll |engths are total equivalent lengths
10-31.
Fow rate
Coil
opm (L/s)
A
40(2.5)
B
40(2.5)
c
50(3.2)
(continued)
Section
No.
gpm
130
90
50
1-2
2-3
3-4
^,îl
Dia.
in.
2%
2
' he reproduced
Lost head ft (m)

Coil
Con. valve
12(3.7)
10(3)
15(4.6)
12(3.7)
18(5.5)
15(4.6)
ir
ftl10'
3.7
4.8
5.0
L"
!.r
ft
ft
60
20
30
2.2
r;
355
by instrutors for distribution on a not_or-profit basis fortiting or instructionai puoses ony

to
-h
hih the textbook has been adopted' ny oher eprduction
r rislin of his wori beyond
''/ United Ses Cpyrigh c ithou he permission
of he copyv.ight oer is unlful.
205
Con. C
4-5
Com. oi
2-6
Coil A
Con. A
130
3-7
Coil B
Con. B
7-8
3.7
3
3
40
3.4
15
1.5
0.0 39.2
1.0
12
40
30
10
40
3.4
10
80
2%
3.9
20
23
0.5
15
12
ft
ft
0.8 28.3
ft
(tote
(total)
(totat)
Circuit 1-2-3-4-5-1 is the path of greatest lost head. From Fig.

40 ftof head and 130 gpm the 7 in., 1750 rpm model which
choose at
froduces about 43
ft of head.
1O-1 1
p^q 2 2
lbu] 2(r)3(r}
t p,ih-*:y +*
PumP {12)l 4Q
t1i
{}
s*ianc*
vxl*
{typi*ai}
*hill*r
p l ]$} $
*ntr*i
. valv*
typi*xi}
10-32.
Notes: Ppe is schedule 40, commercial steel.
ll lengths are total equivalent lengths exc|uding control valves.
Circuit
Flow rate
gpm (L/s)
60(3.8)
70(4.4\
70(4.4\
Control valve
head loss ft (m)
40(12)
5(15)
50(15)
'' be reprodued by instrutors

for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instructional
puoses on1y to
"hih the textbok has been adopted. ny oh-er )eproducin
or rhin o7 tn
beyond th
'976 United Sttes Cpyrigh c ithou the peission of he copyright ner
'or
is unlwful.
206
Section
if
Dia.
gpm
No.
in.
200
140
70
4
3
2%
4-1
200
2-5
Con. A
5-4
60
2%
1-2
2-3
3-4
Con.
L"
(.t
ft
ft
ft/'l00'
2.4
4.2
3.5
200
200
240
2.4
2.5
400
240
4.8
8.4
8.4
50
9.6
81 .2
ft
(total)
54.4
tt
(total)
51.4
ft
(total)
40
140
70
3-6
3
2%
200
40
4.2
3.5
Con. B
8.4
1.4
50
Circuit 1-2-3-4-1 has the largest head loss of al paths. Select pump for 2OO
gpm at 81 ft of head. From Fig. 10-1 1, use: 5' in., 3500 rpm model. Will
operate at 96 ft at 200 gpm.
10-33
(a)
qst = 20
/1
x 12,000 x2= 480,000 Btu
gst
c, (t,.-t.)
480000
62.4(1) (60-45)
512.8 ft3
orQ=3,8369a1
(b) Vol
= 513 ft3
10.2 ft
ora Space
ftx 8 ftx 8 ft ora cyindrical tank
8 ftdia. x
10-33. (continued) Solution - Sl:

(a)
Qg1
(352_280) (2)= 144k\^l-hr= mc, (trt.) _ Qcp(t-t.)
Qst , (t1ts )
' 1le reprodued
144 x3600
= 14 m3
980(4. 184) (1 6-7)
by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to
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^76 (ned Ses Copyrigh chout he permission fthe cpyrigh oner is unlful'
207
(b) Vol.
2mx2.4mx2.4m
10-34. Solutions may/can Vary. typical solution
(a)
(b)
Use 2 chillers of '15 tons total capacity in a reverse return system

similar to figure 10-32. The piping would be routed overhead around
the complex with supply and return running parallel, starting and
returning to the equipment room.
Total flow rate is
Q =16 x2'25
(c)
is:
Estimated length
3600 ft
36 gpm Using PIPE or Fig 10-21; Dia. = 2in'
=225x4x2= 1s00ft.
otal Eq. Length=2x 18OO
Assuming an average oss of

about 2.5 ft1100 ft; The pump head required would be:
Hp = 2.5 x 3600/100 = g0 ft with flow rate of 36 gpm
'10-35 Solutions may vary

(a)Figure 10-34 is a schematic of what the system woud be.
However, there would be 3 chillers and the secondary piping would
be routed in a square fashion around the outside of the parking
garage in reverse return.
(b)he primary system would appear as in Figure 10-34 with the
common pipe as shown because of the expected variable and light

load at night.
(c)The tertiary circuits would be as shown in Figure 10-34 and piped in

a reverse return manner.
(d)For each building:
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students enroled in ourses for whih the textbok has been adopted' ny other reprductin r rislion of his ork' beynd tht
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208
Qi
1500 x 't2000
600 gpm
4x500(60-45) =
Q=4x600 =2400 gpm
=
(e) Dia. = 10
in., Figure 10-20 or plpE
10-36.
;Contro valve (Typical)
Y a_Air Vent (Typical)

,+9*4 Heating Device (Typical)
r-
T<-TypicatTrap
IE
o r--5
er--]
!- - -<-'-'
-2 <
;-
10-37
'
Possible
Vacuum Breaker on each

Heatinq Device
ssume boiler pressure of 2'O psig with P/L = 2'O oz or 0'125 psi/1OO
ft' (Tabe 10-4a). hen, P = o'125x 175l1OO = 3'5 ozor 0'22 psi P
is about zthe alowabe from Table 10-4a'
Assume boiler pressure of 1.o psig with P/L 0'125 psi/1Oo ft.
(Tabe 10-4a)' Then P = 0'125 x 175l1OO = 0'22 psi which is near
the maximum in able 10-4a' Either boiler pressure could be used,
but select2.0 psig to be conservative.
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basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in curses for whih the textbok has been adpted. ny oher reproducin
or rnsion of his wrk beyoncl tht
permited by Sectins 07 or 108 of he ] 97 6 (]nitect Stes Cpyrigh} c ith'u he peimission
of he cpyright er is untfu.
209
From Figure 10-48a at 850 lb/hr; P/L = 0.'125 sil100 ft, and boiler
pressure of 2.0 psig: Pipe diameter = 4 in., with steam velocity of
4,00 ftlmin at zero psig. Correct velocity to 2'0 psig (Fig. 10-49a)
= 3,800 ftlmin
10-38. For each
unit at full load:

= 283 lb/hr
ft.
Pipe size depends on slope of line, able 10-5a. For slope of 1/8 to
in./ft, D = 1 in. nominal specify slope of % in./ft (conservative).
10-39. Refer
to Table '10-5a.
The available head is = 2 x'100/110 = 1'82ftl10 ft. Then at 850 lb/hr

of condensate flow, D = 1 in. nominal is adequate.
10-40
(a)
q = rhcp(t,-t,) =
ga##(1)(6s
- 42)
^F^ gpm
- 1200x 1200x7'48 -= 1'250
=
60 X 624(654
'
^
-..-
(b) ssuming no changes in the temperatures, the total flow rate would
be:
-P 9t
1l25O)
1200 \
., =
'/
937.5 or 938 gpm
he chillers could share the flow:
-=469gpm
(J,
^-938
'2=
and be above their minimum flow of
Qmin
469
625
70o/o.
0.75 or or Ts%
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students enroled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproducin or rnslion f his ork beyond th
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210
his is probably the best way to operate. here would be no bypass
flow and the parallel pumps coud operate at:
RPM,
*x
625
35OO =
2,626
(c) At 6% full load, again assuming no change in temperature, the

tota flow rate would be:
Qp = 0.6(1 250)
750 gpm
This is too much flow for one chiler and not enough for two chillers
at minimum flow of 875 gpm or 438 gpm each. herefore, both
chilers will have to operate at least at 438 gpm each and some ftow
bypassed equal to:
875 - 75O = 125 gpm
The pumps could both be slowed to:
RPMP =
'
,9'?
1250
(d) t 25% of
fu
35o) = 2'450
capacity, again assuming the temperatures do not
change, the flow rate for the load is:
d,
= 0.25(1250) = 313 gpm
which is less than the minimum flow rate for even one chiller.
herefore, shut down one chiller and operate the other at least its
minimum flow of 438 gpm. The bypass flow would be:
Qop
438 - 3]3 = 125 gpm
One pump would be shut down and the speed reduced for the other
pump to:
RPM,'
=2,453
*(3sOO)
625
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Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-fr-prfit basis for
testing or instructional pulposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbok has been
adopted. ny other reproduction or trsltion of this work beyond tht permitted by Sections ]07 or
0B of the 976 United Sttes Copyright ct without the permission of the copyright iwner is unful.
Requests for permission r further informtion should be ddressed to thi permission Deprtm'ent,
John Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] Rier Street, Hobken' NJ 07030.
GHAPTR
11-1
(a) Using Eq.
'1-1b
1=L959ll-,
11
J"
O.353
'-Ao'= =
s5
-=ug-ô)
ft2;
X5o
' 50.,/0.353
(b) Q,
CQov"/v,, C = 2; q. 11-2a
1:
68.5 ft;
x1
ssumed K
= 34.2ft; xlso = 22.8ft
(Q,)so = 2(3OO)850/SO = 10,2OO ft3/min

(Q,)loo = 6O(85O)/1OO = 5,1O0 ft3/min
(Q,)rso = 6OO(850)/150 = 3,400 ft3/min
11_2'
Using q. 11-3
t, _ t, = 0.8(to _ t.)
(V,/Vo), t,
= 0.8(100-75)
(t,)so = 0.8(28)50l1100 = 1'02 F

(t*)loo =
2'04 F
(t )lso = 3.06 F
11-3.
50 ftlmin throw = 24
6 = 18 ft
=6
V,ll'tO
212
From Eq. '1 1-'1 and Qo = Vo x o; Assume K
Qo_
Q"
;=1l3Kro'ffi
*v* 18 x 5o
=1.13K.13x6
'1
ny combination shown would
be
acceptable. The size would depend
on the available total volume
flow
rate of air and the size of the space.
11-4.
Q,
Q oC V
Vo=
Q o/Ao
"lV,
= zstl L-
r9)'l=
L4 \z1
D^
29
39
49
59
118
ln.
ft.
0.25
0.33
0.4t7
0.500
1.00
t2
r-
s fVmin
6, x =
12ft
636 x 6(1 .i q'4

t12 = 159 ft/min
^l+x(O.S)2
'
Qr= 125x2x6361159
11-5.
= 132.7
Eg. 11=2a
V,= V"(1.13)Kl lx ; K=
vr=
=6
= 1000 cfm
A ceiling type diffuser system has the ability to handle large

quantities of air because the air is discharged radially and
diffuses the high velocity jet in a short distance.

11-6. (a) A perimeter type system would be necessary to achieve a
satisfactory heating performance. ny other type of system

would lead to a cold and drafty floor.
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students enrolled in urses for which the textbok has been adopted. ny other reprduction or trns{ion f this work beynd h
permited by Sections ]07 r l08 ofthe 976 tJnited Sttes Copyrighctihouthe permission ofhe copyrighneris unlllfu.
(b)
An overhead type system would be preferred because

of the
greater need for cooling during the summer
and less need
213
for heat durng the winter.
11-7
'
perimeter type system would be the best choice. This type
system is required to do a good job of heating. spreading jet

should be used when heating and a nonspreading jet should
be used when cooling.
11-8'
Some kind of overhead system woud be preferable since

cooing would be the dominant mode of operation.
However,
ceiling diffusers with radial discharge woutd not be required
due
to a low volume of circuated air' high side walt type
of system
or ceiling diffusers with discharge in only one or
two directions
with a arge throw would be preferred. This would give
the
maximum air motion with a smal amount of circulated
air.
11-9.
10 in. round diffuser, Tabe 11-4;650 cfm
lnterpolation between 600 & zoo cfm is required
NC=0.5x(21 -17)+17=19
x5o = 0.5(1 1-10) + 10 = 10.5 ft
p=oo62(ffi)'=oo73in
wq
11-10.
For 150 cfm/ft, Po
= O.08
x (150116712 = O.65 in' wg.
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors

for distributiol on a not-for-profit basis fr testing
or instructiona puoses only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbk
has been adopted ny oh,er aurton or rnslion
f this wrk beynd th
permitted by Secions ] 07 or 08 of he ] 976 ('|nited
Ses Cpyright ct w ihu he p,e{m|sson of he copyrigh
oner is untnfut.
214
Throw values are for a 4 ft active length then

X5 =
21 _ 0.6(4) = '18.6
ft;
he uncorrected NC for a 10 ft length is NC
= 23
_ 0.6(5) = 20.
For a length of 6 ft the correction is -2.
Corrected: NC
-2
= 20
= 18
11-11. Model 28, 4-48 T-Bar; Table '1 1-6, 270 cfm
lnterpolate:
NC
xso =
0.7 (36
32) + 32 = 34.8 or 35
l0
0.7(11 -10) *
p=O.r[
, ^-^'t2
+l )
245
= 10'7 or 11 ft
=o.13in.wq
11-12' From Table 11-1, L = 12 ft' Then

Q=
from able 11-2 at
40 Btu/(hr-ft21, lxuo/L1rr*
=1.3 and the range is1.2 - 1.8, and X5s = 1.3
x12= 15.6ft
A good solution would be to use the 4 in. size with

'150 cfm/ft. with uncorrected throw of 18 ft and
NC
= 19.
The corrected throw is:

Xso ='18 x 0.85 = 15.3 ft and
0.057r)'
139
NC = 19 - 4= 15
= O.066 in. wq
11-13. (a) Room char. Length
= 14 ft,
Table
1 1-'1
(x5/L)rr, = 0.8, Table 11-2
Range of xso/L
= 0.5
to 1.5; xso = 0.8 x 14= 11.2ft
Eerpts fom this work may be reproduced by instuctoS f distribution on a not-for-proft basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprducon or rnsion f this ork beyond tht
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215
The best choice would be a 12 in. size with 600 cfm
(b)
13.
xso =
14'3
--'-'--':9 Q) = 14.3ft;x5e/L
80'
14
Po = o.o81
11-14.
(a)
(ffi)'
= 1.02(in the range)
0.0g6 in. wg., NC =
22+ffol
=24.5
Room char. Length is 26 ft,Table 11-2

(x5/L),,, = 1.6 (Table 11-2); range of (x5g/L) = 1'2
- 2'3
26 = 41.6 ft; Q/diff = 60012 = 3OO fm

From able 11-5, the 18 x 4, 14 x 5, or
Xso = 1.6 x
12 x 6 sizes may be acceptable athough the throw is
less than desired. Xso
= 31 ft
Xso/L = 31.6126 = 1.2 (barely in the acceptable range)
(b)
Xso =
31- ft (zero defection)
NC =
11-15
22*,
^po:
o.o6e
(#)'=
0.065 in. ws.
lt is good practice to keep the core veocity below 5OO ftlmin.
solution is the 18 x '1 2; Table 11-7
Po- -o.O45
[,)'
535/
= -O.O57 in. wg
65
NC= 21 +
fZl
135' =24
Note that static pressure and Po are negative.
11-16. Guidelines:
1-Place diffusers under or between double windows.
2-Select throw using the DPl procedure. Characteristic length
xerpts from this work may be reprdued by instuctoS for distribution on a not-for-proflt basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted' ny oher reproduction or risltin of his wori beyond'tht
permied by Seclins ] 07 or 08 f he 976 Unied Sttes Copyrigh ct ithout he permission f he cpyrgh ower is unlwful.
216
=
floor to ceiling.
3-Noise criteria (Nc) should usualy be less than 30.

4-Be Sure that the tota pressure required is compatible
with the pressure characteristics of the system. For example,
a smal commercial system may have a fan that produces only
about 0.6 in. wg. total pressure while a large commerciat system
may operated at2-5 in. wg. total pressure. The diffusertotal
pressure osses should be no more than abo ut 10% of the

fan total pressure.
5- Use data from Table
11-17
'
1-3
Guideines:
1-center diffusers in square or nearly square spaces. Divide

large or irregular spaces into imaginary square spaces and
pace a diffuser in each Space. Select throw using DPl procedure.
2-ry to obtain a balance between many small diffusers versus
a few very rarge diffusers to be cost effective.
?_
v
4_ t
See Problem 11-16
5- Use data from Table 11-4
11-18. Guidelines:
1-Locate diffusers about 12 in. below ceiling on inside wals. Setect
throw using ADpl procedure.
2-he jet may be spread with this type diffuser. However, more
than one diffuser should be used where the room width is at
least two times the room depth.
3-
I. See problem 11-16
Exerpts frorn this work may be reprodued by instructors

for distributin on a not-fr-prfit basis for testing or instrutional purposes
only t
students enro]ed in courses for which the textbook has been
adopted ny ol'r, rpioaun or rnslrin of this rk beyond h
pemied by SeCionS 07 or 08 fhe ]976 (]nied Sqtes Copyrigh'
clihu he peimssin fhe copyrigh ner is untful.
v&
217
45- Use data from Table
'1-S
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students enrolled in courses for whih the textbok has been adopted' ny other reproduction or trlion of this work beyond'th
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218
-ffi
11-19. Guidelines:
'1-Locate grilles in ceiling near
the inside wall.
2-Noise criteria (NC) should be less than 30.

3-The negative static pressure should be held to minimum,
especially for light commercial systems with small fans.
core velocities of less than 5oo ftlmin will usually yield a

quiet system with a reasonably low-pressure loss. Higher
velocities and pressure ross may be tolerated with heavy
commercial applications.
4- Use data from Tale 11-7.
11-20.
H-24, Mod 28
at 89 cfm each
(a)
+l+
<-l-+ +l-+
2'-windows
*l-+ +t-e +l-r
l+ +l-,
(b)
X1oo=
3ft; L =7
ft; X19/L
_+
=3l7
= O.43; o.3 < (x19/L) < 1.o

0.06 in. V/g.; C = 20
89 cfm/diffuser; Po ote: other acceptable soutions also exist.
11-21. Simiar to
11-2O
- Diffusers shoud throw air towards the windows
- Arrange to obtain uniform air motion
- Might use diffusers with short throw around exposed walls with
larger units in the interor.
11-22. L = 9 ft; Table'l i-1

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basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to
stdents enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopled,' ny
othe, )eprocturton or trnstion of his ork beyond h
pemied by Secions ] 07 or 08 f the ] 97 6 tJniez Ses Copyrgh' ct thut
he peission f the cpyrigh oner is unlwful.
219
X59/L = 0.9; able 11=2, straight Vanes ( Assume light load for a
secondary system)
xso=0.9x9=8.'1
ft
solution: 9-4 ft length diffusers with 50 cfm/ft, 2 in. size,

able 11-3, x = 8.5 ft (no correction required); NC = 15 - 4 =
Po =
0l4q2 x O.036
11
= O'047 in. wg.
Place 3 diffusers on each exposed wall
11-23. Use
4-'12 in. size from able 11-4
650 cfm/diffuser; L
Room Load = 18
20
ft
80
Btu
=
(hr _ ft )
78
x5sil
= 0.8,
Table 11-2
x = 16 ft (desired)
Xactual
(650 - 630)
F5
63i
(7 _ '15) + 15 = 15.5 ft
xact_15.5_.,
:
-fl
= 0.78 (in acceptable
^
NC = 27;
11-24' Use
Po=O 105
r]'=
630/
O.112 in. wg.
14-H-48, Model 28 diffusers from able 11-6;
229 cfmldif. as shown. L

=
range)
= 20 ft, xlse/L
0.3 and acceptable range is 0.3 to 1.0.
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220
Desired throw: xloo = 0.3 x 20
= 6 ft.
Actual throw:
'1
Xact =
6.5, Tabe
Xr"t/L = 6'520 = 0.33,
NC
'1-6
o.K.
80
29, Po = 0.095 in. wg.
ltLr
78
11-25. Refer to Problem 11-23, Q
2600 cfm; refer to Table 11-7.
ssume a ay-in ceiling with 2 ftx 4 ft tiles. o assure a quiet

return, limit NC to about
20. Use 2-24 in. x24 in. grilles
with
1300 cfm each. Nc < 25, Po = -0.048 in. wg.
11-26. Refer to Problem

Assume
a2ftx4
11
-24,3200 cfm.
ft lay-in ceiling.
Use 24 in. x 24 in. size from able 11-7
'
Using three units,
cfm/grille = 320013 = 1067; Nc < 2

Po = -0.033 + 0.006 = -0'027 in. wg.
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John Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] ] Rier Street, Hboken, NJ 07030.
CHAPTER
12-1.
(a) W.
= rt (Pl
(b) r,=
(c)
_ Pz)l ssume standard air

= o.60
HP - O.45 kW
=#ffi+
= O 54
or 54o
ffi
P. = 1.9
=
'84=2,381ft/min,
12-2
Qz =
a,
P.l
Poz =
W,
Q381l4ooq2
.35 in wg
2000x'1.55
= 0.49
6350
(c)
0'4911'1 = 0'44 or
abovet P,
#ffi
P,z
Pu =
0.35 = 1.55 in wg
s = Ws/Wrr,
(d) From
Q(Pl -P2) _ 2oo(1.9)

6350
6350
= 2Ooo/O
W"
2ooo
[Hffi)'
(ffi#)
".[ffi)=
\i, [RPM,
RPM1
]'
'
= 1.55 in wg
= 1.55
(pv")2
=l
44o/o
=24oocrm
(ffi#)'
= 1,133 L/s
= 223in wg 555 Pa
o(
-1Oo/
-*9\ =z'in
'1
(12o0lu
1000/
wg
=682Pa
l.9 HP = 1'42k\
221
12-3.
(a,b) Qz =
Q (750i900)
0.833 Q
Poz= PO1(75ol9OO)2 = '694
HPz- P1(75oi9oo)3
P1
= 0.579
HPl
80 RPM
7OO
RPM
Po
HP
Po
HP
6,000
2.3
2.75
5,250
1.76
1.84
10,000
1.87
3.5
8,750
1.43
2.34
14,000
1.15
3.45
12,250
0.88
2.31
12-3
2.4
2.0
'1.6
3 (L
1.2
E
o
Po = 1-30 in. wg
= 9625 cfm
P = 2.34
U)
(d)
0.8
t- 0.4
0.0
02
468111214
cfm x 10-3
12-4. Since pressure in in. wg. is plotted on the ordinate instead of head the
pressure must be adjusted to reflect the barometric pressure at 5280 ft
elevation.
Po = (Po)rt(/P.t) = (Po).t(Po/Po,'t)
also, W = W.t(/Ps*o)=
Po,,t =
Wr16(P6/P5'r16)
14.696 psia; Po = O.491(29'42 _ 0.0009 x 5280); Eq. 3-4
or instrutional puoss only to

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oner
copyrigh
permissin
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he
c
the
)ithou
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Cpyrigh}
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Lnitec]
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he
permied by Sectins ] 07 r 08
222
Po = 12.112 psia
Co the
hen in Denver,
ne\M characteristics
may be obtained by
computing Po and W at various volume flow rates from Fig. 12-8.

Po = (Po),ro(2.112t14.696) = 0'824(P6)916 ?d
W - 0-824
Wst.
Q cfm
'10,000
6,000
14,000
Po
Po
Po
Sea Level
2.3
2.75
1.87
3.5
1.15
3.45
Denver
1.9
2.27
1.54
2.88
0.95
2.84
(w",0 - w)1oo 3.5 - 2.88

:.
(b) W=ff= _ 35
.
= 18% (decrease)
12-5. Refer to Problem

P6 = (99.436
12-4 for explanation.
0.10 x 1618) = 83.256 kPa
Po = (Po)st = (83.256/101 '325) = 0.822(Po).16

\/ = Wst
x0'822
(a)
m3/min
180
155
125
Po
Po
Po
Sea Level
400
350
320
600
260
2000
lbuquerque
329
1110
263
1315
214
1644
nly to
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223
(1600--1315)
W =
10O = 17'ro/odecrease
1 600
(b)
12-6. (a)
This is at the limit of the good selection range. lt would be

better to choose a different fan.
(b) near perfect match with the fan capable of producing about
1.85 in. V/g. tota pressure at 10,000 cfm.
(c) A bad application and
out of the recommended range.
Would probably be unstable.
12-7
[From Fig. 12-9]
(a) No, fan

(b) No,
is too small.
not a good application, fan is too large.
(c) YeS, near perfect appication; moderate fan speed,

high efficiency.
12-8.
150 m3/min, 4OO
Pa
[From
Fig 1 2-10J
The fan would be acceptable and is reasonable.

1 =
12-9.
55%; RPM = 85O;
W,
= 185o
(a) At 1418 cfm = 1420 cfm, Ve

P" =
P.
[+l'
4005,
= 0.88
o.zs
W
= 2OOO ft/min
in. wg., Po =
0.25 = 0,63 in. wg.
P,
P,
= O.88 in. wg.
518 in. wg.
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224
(b) From able
12-1 in col. For 5/8 in. wg.
The rpm is 1092 and power is 0.39 P
0.94
O.BB
\o10e2
rPm
0.80
1240
1420
cfm
12-10' (a)
Po = 3.0 + 0.3 + 0'20 = 3.50 in. wg.

desired
(b)
fanr. ,'t
{z' P
svstem with svstem

eifect factor
3.
'osystem wlthout system
3.CI
iffu"
't3,500
Q cfm
(c)
13,500 to 14,000 cfm
12-11.
/2istem, actual
,,f-r whiih tl
r ]08 fthe ]9
effect fator
setection without
system effect factor
15,00
225
System eff. Factor

12-12' D" = (4 x 12 x
610
- 430
.1gO
pa
16l)112 = 15.6 in
ssume blast area ratio
= 0.7,
Table 12-3
\/
V = 400(1 2 x 161144) = 5333 fVmin
"
One eff. Duct length = 5.3 diameters, table 12_2
or L" = 5.3 x '15.6 = 83 in.
% ff ' Duct length = 100 x 30/83 = 36
Elbow in position C, Fig. 12-13

Ebow loss factor = 0'79, able 12-5
Po = 0.79(5333l4o0q2 = 1.40 in. wg.
12-13' V
= 4OO
0l
x 142l14 x 1aa)]
4,276 ftlmin
Duct length = 28 in.; R/D = 10.5114 = o.7s; L/D = 29114 = 2.0

Elbow and duct loss factor = 1.O, able 12-6
Po
1'0(4276l4ooq2 = 1'14 in. wg.
12-14' Blast area ratio
0.7, Tabe 12-3
D" = (4 x 20 x 2Ol)1l2 = 22'6 in.
= 1O,OOO
1441(20 x20) = 3,600 fVmin
L" = 3.6 dia., Table 12-2

L/Le
(0122.6)13.6 = 0.12
Co = 0.4,
Table 12-4
Po = 0. 4(3600l4ooq2 = O.32in. wg.
12-15' D" = (4 x 12 x 12l)1l2 = 13.5 in.

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226
V"
= 25001(12x 121144) = 2500 ft/min
One eff. Duct length
2.5 diameters,Table 12-2
L = 2.5 x 13.5 = 33.9 or 34 in.

12-16. From Problem 12-15, Vr= Ve = 2500 ft/min (assumed)
Po = C"(v /4005)2; Co = O.16/(250O t400q2 = O'41
From able 12-6, LlH = 4'3

Length = 4.3 x 12 = 51.5 in.
12-17. (a) he design condition and the observed condition are on

nearly the same system characteristic. Therefore, it is
probable that the fan is not running at the desired speed
of about 920 rpm but at a lower speed of about 6'10 rpm.
(b) The fan is operating near the 920 rpm characteristic

but something related to the duct system has changed.
Possibly a damper is closed, a duct has collapsed or some

other obstruction is present.
(c)
Both the system and the fan characteristic have
changed. The duct system has probably

become fouled or slightly damaged is some way while
the fan speed has decreased slightly due to \ear and tear.
1.5x5000
= 1.62
12-18' Wsn,l = 16 HP; Wsh,2
6350x0.73
Diff
= rco(16_,!62)
16
= +O%
[decrease from 1 to 2!
puoses only to
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227
12-19. (a) Assume 15,000 cfm is an equivalent value for the day.
Forfull load point 1: Wr
= 16
x0.746x24=286.5 kwh
For part load cond.: Wp
= 6.7
(28q'9_ ]20)
x
286.5
'1OO
0]46 x24
58o/o
= 120.Okwh
(decrease)
(b) No, the fan would be forced to operate to the left of the maximum
pressure and would probably be unstable.
12-20' W l = 28.5 P; W z=
W =
(28'?:17 '5)
12-21. (a) Wr
W,
W
(b) W,
28.5
17
1OO
'5
HP
= 39o/o (decrease)
28.5 x 0.746 x24 = 510 kwh
'0 xO'746 x24

(510_:183)
= 27
=
=
(static po\er used)
510
1OO
27 x0.746x24
W =
(510_l_483)
51
1OO
483 kwh (vanes assumed " open)
= 5'3% (decrease)
483 kwh
= 5'3% (decrease)
(a) and (b) essentialy the same.
12-22' The actual inside dimensions are 10 x 8 in. or D"
9.8 n., Table 12-7
For duct, unlined, Po/L = 1 .8 in. wg./100 ft (Fig. 12-21)
2ooox144
1 0x8
= 3600 fvmin
From Fig. 12-23, roughness corr. Factor = 1.51, then for the
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228
lined duct, Po/L = 1 .8(1 .5'11 = 2'72 in' wg./100 ft. and
Po
50 x2'72110 = '1.36 in. wg. or about 338 Pa
12-23. Po = (Po)rl X
P/P.l,
P = 0.491(29'42
_]!}Ps P,rz
0.0009 x 5000) = 12.236 psia
Po = 1.36(12'236114.696) = 1'13 in. wg. or about 282 Pa

12-24.
600 cfm
|
tl
()
-=t'
Dz = Ds = 10 in'', A2lA1= 0.6 = 3/Aa
Pd/L = 0.185 in. wg./100 ft; Fig' 12-21

Pzs = 0.1 85 x20l100 = .037 in. wg.
For contraction, AzlA = 0.6, Coz=
0'21
For expansion, A+/As = 1'67, Ca = O.80
z=
600
Table 12-gA
'
Vs=
- = 11OOfUmin; =Vgx
ff
(o1'
=660ft/min
4112 )
Pz= 0'21(11}ol4oO5)2
= O.O16 in. wg.
Po = 0.80(660/4o05)2 = a'O22 in. wg.
Po = 0.037 + 0.016 + 0'022 = 0.075 in. wq.
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12-25' (a)
229
Bellmouth, Co = 0'2i brupt, Co = 0.5; Table 12-109 & 10
Pos = O'2(1ooo/4oo5)2 = O.o125 in' W9.
- 3.1 Pa
Pon = O.5(1oOo/4oO5)2 = O.0313 in. wg.
x7'8Pa
o/o
Diff .
(b) Poa
(0'0313 - 0'0125)
(1oo) = lsoo/o
0 0125
= O'2(40O0l40oq2 = O.2O in. wg.
Pon = O.5(4OOol4ooq2 = O.50 in. wg'

o/o Diff.
(0.5
- 0.2) (1oo) =
o.2\/
50 Pa
124 Pa
15Oo/o
12-26. Table 12-8a, Co = 0.25

= 1200l[(la)x(1 4ln)2! = 1122'5 ftlmin
Po O.25(1122.5l4oO5)' _ O.O2 in. wq.
V
also
Vo = 0'6l|@l(0.35)2] = 6'24 mls

Po
12-27. (a)
0.25(6.2411.2q2 = 5.8 Pa
Co = 0.15, Table 12-8b
Vo
Po
or
= 25OO
1441(16 x 16) = '1406 ftlmin
o.15(1 40614005)2 = O.O'185 in. wq.
Vo = 1.21(0.4 x 0.4)
7.5 m/s
Po = 0'15(7 '5l1'2q2 = 5.1 Pa
(b) Co = 1 '2 able 12-8C

Po = 1.2(140614005)2 = O.148 in. wq.
or
Po = 1'2(7.5l1'29)'= 40.6 Pa
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230
a/a
12-28.
c=
25O18OO = 0.3125
A/Ac=(6112)2=O.25
Co = 0.345, able 12-11A
V = 25Ol|(l4)(6t2)2]= 1273 ft/min

or
V = 0'12[(ila)(.15)2]
6.8 m/s
Po = 0.345(1 273t4o05)2 = O.O35 in. wg.
or
Po = 0.345(6 '8t1'2q2 = 9.6 Pa
Qr/Q=55O/80O=0.6875
S/Ac =
(0112)'= 0.694
C" = 0.135, Table 12-11A
or
V.
= 550l|(la)(0l12)'! = 1o8 ftlmin
V,
= o.26ll(ila)(0.25)21 = 5.3 m/s
Po" = O.135(1oO8/45)2 = O.OO9 in. wq.
or
12-29.
Po" = O.135(5.3/1 2972 = 2'3 Pa
From Problem 12-28
a/a
= O.31 25;
A/A"= 0'25
Vo = 1273 fVmin or 6.8 m/s

C = 0.93, able 12-11F
Poo = 0.93(1 273l4oo5)2 = O.O94 in. wq.
or
Po = O.93(6.811'2q2 = 25.8 Pa
Qr/Qc
C,
V,
= 0.6875; r/A" = 0.694
= 0.135;
Table 12-118
= lOOB fVmin or 5.3 m/s
Po, = O.135(1oOs/4oo5)2 = O.OO9 in. wq.

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or
231
Po, = o.135(5.3/1 29)2 = 2'3 Pa
12-30' (a) Ao/Al
vr
oVo
= 6.0, = 180 deg., Co = 37'4,
Table 12-98
o?9-0"'^!o
= 2,ooo ft/min
(18x18)
=
lVl,
Vo =
1,
x 2,O0O = 2000/6 = 333 fVmin
Po = 37.4(333l4o0q2 = 0.260 in. wq.
(b) Co = 14.35 (Table 12-98)

Po = 14.35(333t4ooq2 = O.O99 in. wq.
12-31.
ao/Q"
= 5OO/1OOO = O.5o
/A" = (812)'= o'444

S/c = (8/1 2)' = 0'444
Q,/Qc
(a)
= 500/1OOO = O'5
12-12A lnterpolation required

1
Table 12-12A l ASHRE Duct Fitting
C = 0.755, Table
C" = O.2'15,
V = 50Ot|t4)(8t2)2]= 1432 ft/min
or
or use
Data
- v,
V= O.24l|(l4o.2)'] =7'64mls
Po = 0.755(1 4g2l4o05)2 = O.O97 in. w.
or
Poo = O'755(7 .64112972 = 26'5 Pa
Po, = O'215(1432I4OO5)2 = O.O28 in. wq.
or
Po, = O'215(7.641129)2 = 7 '54 Pa
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233
55
0.'135
0.07 4
0.50
2(0.26)
1020
0.032
0.034
0.140
72
0.055
0'40
0.16
2(0.26)
630
0.004
0.013
0.057
14
20
0.050
0.010
2.0
0.17
550
0.038
0.003
0.051
13
12-33' L = D x Co/f; f
0.019, abe 12-13
Bellmouth: L = 1 x0.210.019 = 10.5

brupt Int.: L = 1 x 0.5/0.019
35
ft
26.3 ft
= 1OOO x l4 = 785 cfm; Po/L =
O.12in'wg'l1oo ft, Fig' 12-21
Pog =
0.12x 10'5l100
= 0.0126 in. wg. or about 3.'1
Pon =
0.'12x26'3l100
= 0.0316 in. wg. or about
Pa
7'9 Pa
12-34' From Probem 12-26' Co = 0.25, D = 14 in'

Lu = DxC olfi f = 0.017 ,
'=
-
lx
12
0'25
0.017
= 17
Table 12-13
'2ft
= 12OO cfm; P/L = 0.'13 in. wg./1OO ft
Po = 0.13 x 17 '2l100 = 0.022 in. wg. or about 5.6 Pa
Note: Most of following duct sizing problems can be solved with the computer
program, DUCT.
12-35. From Figure 12-36.
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234
Estimate Tota] quivalent Length of Run 1-2-3 to be approximately

132 ft, able 12-14' Then Po/Le = (0.13 x 1 00)1132
= 0.'10 in.
wg./100 ft size ducts using Figure 12-21 and record the
actual Po/L from Figure 12-21'
Section
Le
P/L
Pn
No.
ft
cfm
in.
in. wq.
in. wg.
100 ft
0.084
0.38
220
I
I
.090
0.014
71
100
0.083
0.059
55
80
0.14
0.077
55
120
0.125
0.069
45
300
16
Run 1-2-5 actually has the greatest lost pressure.

Pl = 0.038 + 0'077
0.115 in. wg.;
Pzs = 0.038 + 0.014 + 0.059 = 0.121 in. wg.
Plzs = 0.038
0.014 + 0.059 = 0.1'1
12-36. The design pressure loss is (0.25
'1
in.
\/g.
0.1 ) = 0.1 5 in. wg. (for supply ducts)
Assume the run with the largest equivalent length
is:
1-2-3-4-5, Le = 185 ft
hen for design: Po/Le
(0'15 _ 0'03)
x 1OO = 0.065 in. wg./'1oO ft
185
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235
Section has a total flow of 845 cfm. herefore, the maximum
velocity in section wjl! be about 800 fVmin if a 14 in. duct is used.
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236
12-36. (continued)
(a)
Section
Le
P/L
Pn
No.
ft
cfm
in.
in. w.
in. wg.
100 ft
1
88
845
14
0.065
0.57
18
595
12
0.07
0.013
16
395
12
0.034
0.0054
17
275
0.065
0.0'1
46
125
0.065
0.030
51
250
0.060
0.031
43
200
0.072
0.031
I
I
49
120
0.065
0.032
49
150
0.040
0.020
With the equal friction method, every branch should have a damper for
balancing purposes.
ctual total pressure loss:
Po
P1 + P2 + P3 + Pa + Pu + Ps
Po = 0'146 in' wg'
Note that run 1-2-3-4-7 actualy has the greatest loss in total pressure
but the difference is not significant. Use Po = 0.15 in. wg.
(b)
Sizing of the longest run, 1 -2-3-4-5, is the same as (a) above where
Po/L = 0.065 in. wg./100 ft. Construct a new table as follows:
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---------------MAIN DUCT RUN
237
BRNCH DUcS
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(e)
(10)
(1 1)
(12)
(1
Sec
Le
cfm
DJwxh
Po
Po
Br.
Le
Pi
fm
No.
ft.
in.
fpm
(2)(5)
(7)
Se
Poot
ft.
No.
-(8)*
('10)100
(11)
100
3)
(14)
(1
5)
D"/wxh
in.
fpm
BB
845
14
0.065
800
0.057
0.057
f)
0.39
51
0.076
250
550
'18
595
12
0.070
760
0.013
0.070
0.036
43
0.084
200
570
16
?o
12
0.034
500
0.005
.75
0.035
49
0.071
120
500
17
275
0.065
600
.01'1
.086
0.020
49
0.041
150
420
46
125
.065
500
0.3
0.116
ffuser G 0.030
0,146
The left 8 columns are the same as (a) above. The branches, 6-7-8-9,
are sized to balance in the right hand 7 columns.
(c)
Equal Friction Method
-- Design Procedure -Sysem type: Supp}y

Duct Sizing Method: Equal Friction
Rounding Method: Round Nearest
-- Ean Selection -Kno\n
Fan Parameter: F'an Tota ressure :
Fan lrflow:
Fan or Externa1 Total Pressure:
B45.0 cfm
.25 in.
. 0 in.
External Total Pressure:
.25 in.
Coi1 Lost PreSsure:

i1ter Lost Pressure: 0 . 000 in.
Misc. Lost PreSSure: 0. in.
U
AU
0.
250 in.
wg
wg
wg
wg
w
wg
Pressure for Supply System: 0.150 in. wg - or 60.0

for Return System: 0.10 in. wg - or 40.0
AHU Pressure
-- Lost Pressure from ir HandJ_ng Unit to Diffuser -Diffuser D Q Tota1 Delta P

(cfm)
(1n. wg)
71
125.0
A.L20
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238
22
t6
30
34
Total
150.0
120.a
200.0
250.A
B45.
0.154
0. 130
0. t25
0. 21
-- Calculated Fitting
Vaues --
D Fitt1ng Type
1
2
3
4
5
6
Air andling Unit

Straight Duct
7.0
15.0
1s0.0
15.0
15.0
561.3
561.3
561.3
561.3
?n
7.
7.0
L24.0
20.0
120.0
449.0
449.a
449.0
8.0
8.0
20.0
2AA.
20.0
573.0
573.0
573.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
250.0
250.0
250.0
565.9
565.9
565.9
Tee / e
14.
72 .4
9 Straight Duct
/ wye
1 Tee
11 Straight Duct
12 Tee /
,ye
Straight
Duct
Straight
Duct
lbow
Elbow
main
branch
Straight
Ebow
main
branch
10.0
8.0
72 .0
72 .0
10.0
9.0
main
branch
il?}l.n
conmon
'7.0
1 .0
7.0
1.0
'1
.0
1 .0
Duct
bow
Diffuser,/ Gri11e
Elbow
.0
10.0
9.0
1.0
?n
9.0
7.0
comon
Diffser / Gr
Straight Duct
Straight
14.0
Elbow
]-bo'
common
Diffuser / Grile
Straight Duct
Elbow
conmon
Duct
Diffuser / Grit
Straight Duct
Elbow
Ebow
Dlffuser / Gril
Velocity
(ftlmin)
19a.4
151 .6
124.2
573.0
151 .6
124.2
622.5
449.0
'724.2
622.5
Conica Contraction
lbow
Elbow
Q
(cfm)
845.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
595.
250.0
B45.
595.0
395.0
20.0
595.0
395.0
215.0
L20.0
395.0
215.0
L25 .0
150.0
215.0
125 .0
L25 .0
L25 .0
L25 .0
0.0
14.
14.
7 Straight Duct
B Tee / wye
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
21
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
Dia.
( in)
15.0
120 .0
20.0
250.0
Delta
(in.
P
wg)
0.0
.000
19A.4
'790.4
19A.4
0. 13
0. 06
'79.4
'75'7.6
565.
461 .1
561.3
622.5
461
461
461
461
.1
.1
.'7
.1
0.013
AP
(in.
/L
wg)
0.06415
0.006
0. 05
0.018
0.
0.004
0.011_61
0.01_7
0.007
0.003
0.08259
0.007
0.002
0.009
0.07138
0.008
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.030
0.006
0.005
0.016
0.005
0.040
0.002
0.05817
0. 16
0. 11
0. 03
.05B17
. 8082
. B0B2
0.05405
.036
.03
0.010
0.005
0.040
0.003
0.013
0.004
0. 7106
0.06004
0. 50
(c) Balanced Capacity Method

-- Design Procedure
--
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____
239
System type: Supply

Duct Sizing Method: Balanced Capacity
-- Fan Selection -Known Fan
Fan irflow:
Fan or External Total ressure:
Coi Lost Pressure:

E'iter Lost ressure:
Misc. Lost PreSSure :
HU
AU
HU
0.250 in.
Parameter: Fan Total Pressure :
xterna1 Total Pressure:
B45.0 cfm
in.
in.
in.
in.
wg
wg
wg
.25 in.
wg
.250
0.00
0.000
0 . 00
wg
^rq
Pressure for Suppy System: 0'150 in. wg - or 60.0

Pressure for Return System: 0.10 in. wg - or 40.0
%
%
-- LoSt Pressure from ir and1ing Unit to Diffuser _Diffuser D Q Tta Delta P

(cfm)
(in. wq)
L]
22
26
30
34
Total
--
125.0
150.0
720.0
200.0
250.0
0.138
.154
0.145
0.140
0.141
845.0
Cal cu-Lated
Fitting Values --
D Fitting Type
Dia.
(in)
0.
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
1'2 .0
8.0
common 14.
72.a
7 Straight Duct
10.0
8 Tee / \Ne main
branch 1 .0
common 72.0
10.0
9 Straight Duct
9.0
10 Tee / Wye main
branch 6.0
common 10.0
9.
11 Straight Duct
6.0
L2 Tee / Wye main
branch 1 .0
conmon 9.0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Air Handling Unit

Straight Duct
Conicaf Contraction
E}bow
trlbow
main
Tee / Wye
branch
Q
(cfm)
845.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
595 . 0
250.0
845.
595.0
395.0
200.0
595.0
395.0
215.0
720.0
395.0
215 '0
\25.0
150.0
21 5.0
Velocity
(ftlmin)
Deta P
(in. wg)
P/L
(in.
wg)
0.0
'790.4
190.4
190.4
'190.4
'7
57 .6
116.2
0.00
.6
124.2
1 48.4
15'1 .6
-124.2
622'5
6lL.2
.07
0.07167
0.007
0.08259
622.5
636.6
561.3
0.07
0.07138
'790.4
'751
124.2
622.5
0.013
0.013
.06415
.006
0.006
0 . 005
0.016
0.004
0.016
0.03
.013
0.003
0.009
Excets from this rork may be reproduced by instructors for distribution n a nt-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puses only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproductiol1 or trnsaton f his work beyond tht
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240
13 Straight
6.0
Duct
0.72304
L4 Elbow
15 Sraight Duct
76 lbw
l1 Diffuser / Grille
8
19
2a
27
22
23
24
25
26
2"7
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
Sraight
Duct
Straigh
Duct
Elbow
Elbow
Diffuser / Grille
Elbow
Straight
Elbow
Straigh
Elbow
L25 .0
L25 .0
7.0
/.u
7.0
1.0
150.0
150.0
1r
1,25
6.0
Duct
6.
6.0
Diffuser / Grile
El-bow
6.0
6.0
6.0
1.4
1.0
7.0
Duct
Diffuser / Grille
8.0
8.0
8.0
lbow
Strarght Duct
Elbow
Diffuser,/ Grille
.0
15.0
150.0
1"20 .0
120.0
t2a .0
120.0
200.
200.0
200.0
200.
250.0
25.0
250.0
250.0
0.016
636.6
125 .0
636.6
636 .6
636 .6
0.004
0.005
0.007
561.3
561.3
561.3
561.3
0.006
0.00s
0.016
0.005
0.040
0.004
0.023
0.006
0.036
.005
6tt .2
6L7.2
6L1.2
148.4
.030
nT q
'1
"7
48 .4
0.009
'716.2
1L6 .2
' 16 .2
0.005
0.72344
0.08082
.08082
0.L427
0.13629
0. 40
^ ^41
0.007
0.050
0.10661
12-37. Pos + Pon = .70 _ 0.35 = 0.35 in. wg.
Pos = 0.65(0.35) = 0.23 in. wg.

Po
^y
0.35 _0'23 = 0.12 in. wg.
he method of Solution is similar to Problem 12-36' An

acceptable solution follows:
(a)
Longest run
-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-1
-13
The summation of equivalent lengths may vary v/ith designers.

Po/Le
(0.23
- 0.03) 100
217
0.092 in. wg./'100 ft
Size all Suppy ducts for this pressure loss per unit length.
basis for testing or instructional puoses only t

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or rnsltion f his work beyond h
reproductin
ny
other
adopted'
has
been
tXtbook
the
for
whih
in
courses
students enrolled
copyright oner is unlful'
he
peimission
of
he
ct
ihout
Copyrigh't
Sttes
1976
Unied
pe,rmed by Sections ] 07 r l o7 ,r,
241
1200
16
150
050
14
100
850
14
100
750
12
75
650
12
100
550
12
200
475
10
225
175
10
50
11
125
12
50
13
75
14
50
basis for testing or instrutional puoses only

xerpts frm this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit
or rnsl(tion of his work beyond th
reproducion
ny
oher
adopted.
has
been
textbook
the
for
wt'ih
in
courses
students enrolled
copyrigh oner is unful'
peimissin
ofhe
the
ct
lithou
Cpyrigh't
Stes
United
976
permied by Secins ] 07 or l i7 in,
----=-
12-42. (continued)
9,rE
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(
12-37. (continued)
Po for the longest run will be about 0'22 in. wg' for the above sizes"
herefore, size the return system for a pressure loss of (0.35 _0'22)
or 0.13 in. wg.
For the return system:
(L")r* x 230 ft,
('1
2r
3r)
then Po lL"= r0'13-__0'05'] ''oo = O.O35 in. wg./'1oo ft
230)
Using the equal friction method:

Section
L"
No.
cfm
in.
ft
1r
1200
18
115
0.038
0.044
2r
800
'16
70
0.033
0.023
3r
400
12
44
0.36
0.0'16
4r
400
12
14
0.036
0.005
5r
400
12
28
0.036
0.010
P"/L
Po
in. wg.
Return system is the same for parts (a) and (b).

Po for return = 0.133 in.
\Mg.
(c) Equal Friction Method

-- Desiqn Procedure -System type: Supply
Duct Sizing Method: Equal- riction
Rounding Method: Round Neares
-- Ean Seection -Known an Parameter: an Total Pressure :
0.700 in.
wg
244
an Airflow:
Fan or Externa Total Pressure:
1000.0 cfm
Externa1 Total Pressure:
0.350 in.
0.700 in.
Coil Lost Pressure: 0.25 in.
F'iter Lost Pressure: 0 . 10 in.
isc. Lost resSure: 0.00 in.
HU
AU
AHU
wg
wg
wg
wg
^rg
Pressure for Suppy System: 0.228 in. wg - or 65.0

-- Lost ressure from ir and1ing Unlt to Diffuser -Diffuser D Q Total Deta

(cfm)
(in. wg)
2'7
30
34
38
56
60
63
61
12
15
Total
75.
75.
75.0
s0.0
75.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
200.0
150.0
1000.
0.221
0.201
0.21
0.272
0.171
0.158
0.171
0.L42
0.2a2
0.131
-_ Calculated Fittin Values -D itting Type
1
2
3
4
Dia.
(in)
ir andling Unlt
.0
Conical- Contraction
14.0
Straight Duct
14.0
Tee / wye
main
l2.a
branch 1 .0
conon 14.0
5 Straight Duct
12.0
6 Tee / Wye
main
12 .0
branch 1 '0
conmon L2 '0
7 Straiqht Duct
l2.0
B Tee / vfrze main
10.0
branch 6.O
common L2.0
9 Straight Duct
10.0
10 Tee ,/ Wye main
10.0
branch 6.0
conon 10.0
11 Straight Duct
10.0
L2 Tee ,/ Wye main
9. 0
branch 6.0
connon 10.0
13 Straight Duct
9. 0
Q
(cfm)
Veocity
(ftlmin)
1000.0
0.
1000.0
935.4
100.0
935.4
850.
082.3
15.
561.3
1000.0
935.4
850.0 L082.3
650 . 0
82'7 .6
2a0.0
1 48.4
B50.0 1082.3
650.0
B2'7 .6
550.0 1008.4
1OO.O 5O9.3
650.0
821.6
550.0 1008.4
450.0
825.!
100.0
509.3
550.
1008.4
450.0
825.7
350 .
192 .2
100.
509.3
450.0
825.L
350 . 0
1 92.2
Delta P
(in. wg)
(in.
^P/Lwg)
0.000
0.011
0.007
O. O1O
0.08745
0.061
0.003
0 . 008*<10>
0.13819
.058
0.005
.09
.37
0.
O. O1O*<10>
0.08429
0.15164
0.064
0.004
O .
0.
014
0.10485
a.024
0. 11082
Excerpts from this work may be reproducd by instrutors for distribution on a not_for-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to
students enrolled in urses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproductin of trnsltion of his ork beynd th
permied by Secions 07 or l08 fthe 976 Unied Stqes Copyright c'|)ihout the permission ofthe cpyrigh oner is unlcrwful.
14 Tee
15
L7
18
19
20
27
22
2?
24
25
26
2'l
28
29
3
31
32
33
34
35
36
31
38
53
54
55
56
51
58
59
6
6L
62
63
64
65
66
61
6B
69
70
11
12
13
14
15
16
main
8.
branch 5.0
common 9.0
Straight Duct
B.0
bow
B.0
Straight Duct
8.0
Tee ,i Wye
main
B.0
branch 4.0
common 8.0
Straight Duct
B.0
7.0
Tee / Wye
main
branch 5.0
conmon B.0
1 .0
Straight Duct
T / n1lzo main
5.0
branch 5.
conmon 1.a
lbow
5.
Straight Duct
5.
Rectangular Transition 5.
Diffuser / Grile
Straight Duct
5.0
Diffuser / Grille
Elbow
5.0
5.
Straiqht Duct
Rectanguar Transition 5.0
Dif fuser / Gril-le
Elbow
4.0
4.0
Strarght Duct
Rectangular Transition 4.0
Dif fuser ,/ cril1e
Elbov
5.0
Straiqht Duct
5.0
Diffuser / cril1e
1bow
6.0
Straight Duct
6.
Diffuser / cri]e
Straight Duct
6.
Diffuser / Gri1e
E1bow
6.0
Straight Duct
6.0
Diffuser / Gril]_e
'7 .A
Straight Duct
1.0
Elbow
1 .0
Straight Duct
Rectangu1ar Transition 1 .0
Diffuser / Gritle
Straight Duct
1 .0
Dif fuser ,/ Grille
Elbow
8.0
f
,/
Wye
li
215.a
75.
35.
215.0
215.0
215.0
225.a
5.
215.4
225.a
150.0
75.0
225.0
150.0
75.0
75.0
150.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.
75.0
75.0
75.0
50.0
50.0
5.0
50.
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.0
100.0
100.0
10.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
10.0
100.0
10.0
100.0
10.0
200.0
200.0
20.
20.
20.
150.0
150.0
150.0
215.0
* - De}ta P fas computed using
.8
550.0
"781
192.2
.8
1B1.B
181 .B
644.6
573.0
l1i .B
644.6
561.3
550.
'7B1
644.6
561.3
550.0
550.0
561.3
0.019
0.06
0.7268'7
0.013
0.L268'7
0.08
.09*<10>
.021
07
0.0880
0.018
0.08082
0.
0.003
0.011
0.002
0.007
550.0
550.0
210.a
0.05
550.0
210.a
0.05
55.0
550.0
21a.0
573.0
573.0
180.0
550.0
550.
210.0
509.3
509.3
360.0
59.3
36.0
509.3
509.3
360.0
148.4
148.4
48 ' 4
120.0
"7
561.3
54.0
181
.B
the fitt1ng
245
. 05
0.006
0.072
0.030
0.07
.11869
0.11869
0.025
0.06
.018
0.11869
0.017
0.16916
0.005
A.025
0.007
.010
0.020
0.006
0.01B
0.11869
0.008
a.0122l
0.072
a.0B221'
0.005
0.030
0.004
0.003
0.045
.003
0.032
0.04
0.008
0.003
0. 45
a.08221-
0.02'7
0.l.3629
.a21
0.1-3629
0.032
0.08082
0.013
0
0.001
0.045
0.001
.020
0.005
equivalent lenqth
Balanced Capacity Method

Exets from this wrk may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enlled in ourses or whih the textbook has ben adopted. ny ther reproduction or trnslion of his rk beyond tht
pernied by Secions ]07 or l 08 f the ]976 Unied Sttes Copyright c hout he permissin f he cpyrigh owner is unlcrful.
246
-- Desiqn Procedure -Note that almost al branch ducts need a damper to increase the diameter and
reduce ve1city.
System type: Supply
-- Fan Selection -Known F'an Parameter: Ean Tta1 Pressure
0.700 in.
an irflow:
Fan or xternal Total Pressure:
100. cfm
0.25 in.
0 . 10 in.
0.000 in.
wg
wg
wg
wq
External Total ressure:
0.350 in.
wg
.7 in.
Coi Lost Pressure:

Filter LoSt Pressure:
Misc. Lost Pressure:
HU
AHU Pressure
HU Pressure
wg
for Supply System: 0.228 in. wg - or 65.0

for Return System: 0.L23 in. wg - or 35.0
-- Lost Pressure from ir Handling Unit to Diffuser -Diffuser lD
Tota Delta
Q
(cfm)
(in. wq)
2'7
30
34
3B
56
60
63
61
12
15
Tota
75.0
75.0
75.0
50.0
75.0
100.0
100.
100.0
20.0
150.
0.221
0.243
0.271
0.2L2
0.232
0.219
0.285
0.25'7
0.202
0.17
100.0
-- Cacuaed iting Vafues -D ltting Type
Dia.
(in)
1
2
3
/
.0
.0
14.
72.a
6.
14.0
l2.0
!2.a
1.a
ir and1ing Unit
Conical Contraction
Stralght
Duct
.aa / l.,o main
branch
counon
5 Straight Duct
6 Tee / wye
main
branch
14
Q
(cfm)
100.0
1000.0
1000.0
850.0
15O . O
1000.0
850.
650.0
20.
Veocrty
(ftlmin)
0.0
935.4
935.4
L082.3
1 63 .9
935.4
1-082.3
821.6
'748.4
Deta P
(in. wg) (in.

^P/Lwg)
0.000
0.011
0.007
0.010
0.08745
O. O57
0.03
0.13819
.O8*<1O>
0.058
Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a nt_for-profit basis fr testing or instrutional puoses only to
students enrled in ourses fr whih the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reProduction or rnsin of his work beyond h
permied by Secins 07 or ] 08 f the 97 6 United SeS Copyrighl ct ihou he pemission of he cpyrigh olner is uncrful.
7 Straight Duct
B Tee / wye
9 Straight Duct
10 Tee / Wye
11 Strarght
'r99^^
conmon
main
branch
conmon
/ rîr7^
ly
maln
branch
branch
LB
L9
20
2L
Duct
Straight
Duct
Tee / Wye
Straiqht
Duct
/ l1lr^
]
22
Straight Duct
Tee / Wye
24
25
26
21
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
31
38
53
54
55
56
51
58
59
60
67
62
63
64
65
66
61
68
Elbow
23
145.9
L2 .0
10.0
Duct
Straight
10.0
10.0
conmon
branch
Elbow
1_2
main
conon
L1
082.3
10.0
10.0
13 Straight Duct
main
74 Tee / Wye
5
.0
85.0
650.
72 .0
conmon
main
branch
conmon
a1n
branch
common
4.
1.0
9.0
4.0
10.0
9.0
8.0
4.0
on
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
4.
8.0
8.0
7.0
5.
o.u
conon
1.4
4.0
5.0
?n
Rectangufar Transition
5.0
5.0
Straight
main
branch
Duct
Diffuser / crille
Straight Duc
Rectangular Transition
Diffuser / Gritle
tr1bow
Straight
Ducc
Diffuser / Grille
Elbow
Straight Duc
Diffuser / Grille
Elbow
Straigh
Sraigh
4.0
4.
5.
tr
4.0
4.0
\
Duct
4.4
4.0
4.0
Duct
4.0
4.4
4.0
Recangufar Trans1tion
Diffuser / Gri1e
bow
5.
Diffuser / Gri]e
Straight Duc
Rectanqular Transition
Diffuser / Grille
4.0
Scraight Duct
4.
bow
Diffuser / crille
Straight Duc
4.
ol
4.0
7.
650.0
550.0
450.0
100.0
55.
450.0
350.0
10.0
450.0
35.
275.0
75.0
350.0
t1\ a
' tr
215.0
225.0
50.0
215 .0
aa tr
150.0
75.0
225.0
15.0
75.
75.
150.0
75.0
75.0
?tr
75.0
75.0
75.0
75.
821 .6
1008.4
821 .6
10B.4
825 .7
1145. 9
10B.4
825.L
192.2
1145. 9
825.1
-7q2 2
181 .8
859.4
1A)
181
181
181
.8
.8
.8
644 .6
573.0
81 .8
644 .6
561.3
550.0
644 .6
561.3
859.4
550.0
561.3
55.0
550.0
210 .0
'7
859.4
214 .0
550.
75.0
75.0
550.0
214 .0
5.
573.0
573.0
180.0
75.
50.
50.0
50.0
75.0
75.0
75.
'tr
10.0
10.0
10.
100.0
10.0
10.0
100.0
100.0
10.0
100.0
100.0
20.
859.4
859.4
210 .0
1145.9
1145.9
360.0
L1_45
.9
360.0
1145.
360.
7L45 .9
148.4
247
0.005
0.009
0.039
0.08429
0.006
0.15164
0.004
0.005
0.031
.104B5
0.014
0.005
0.017
0.11082
0.006
0.008
0.013
0.L2681
0.010*<10>
a .062
0.!268'7
0.009*<10>
0 .021
0.07
. 880
0.018
0.08082
0.003
0.011
0.007
0.007
.006
0.at2
0.11869
9.02!
0.35266
0.00s
0.030
0
.024
0.025
.006
0.018
0.11869
0.017
.16916
.053
0.35266
.05
0. 25
0. 7
0.010
0.020
0.015
.424
0.03
0 .021
0
0.060
0.59144
0.090
0.59144
0.042
0.045
0
.042
0.032
a2'1
0.06
0.59'744
a.021
0.!3629
0.042
0.045
Exerpts from this work may be reprduced by instructors for distribution on a not-fr-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbok has been adopted. ny other reprducin or rnstion f this ork beynd th
permitted by Sections ] 07 r l 08 f the 1 976 United SteS Copyrigh c'withou he permission of the cpyrigh owner is unlful.
248
70
lt
12
13
14
15
16
']48.4
200.a
0.013
1.0
69 Ebow
148.4
0.02'1 0.1-3629
1 .0
200.0
Straight Duct
120.0
0.001
20.0
Rectanguar Transition 1 .0
0.045
200.0
Diffuser / Gril-le
'7
150.0
0.069 0.17139
6.
63.9
Straight Duct
150.0
0.007
540.0
.020
150.0
Diffuser / Gri1e
'7B'7.B
0.05
2'75.a
B.0
Ebow
* - Delta was computed using the fitting equivalent ength
Return Ducts, Equal Friction Method

-- nj ^_ D:ocedure
L ]
vYl
__
System type: Return

Duct Sizing Method: qual Friction
-- Fan Seection -Known an Parameter: an Tota1 Pressure
Fan irfow:
Fan or External Ttal ressure:
Coil Lost Pressure:

iter LoSt Pressure:
AU
AU
U
xternal Tota1 Pressure:
1200,0 cfm
.7 in'
.25 in.
0.700 in.
0.100 in.
0.000 in.
wg
wq
wg
wg
0.350 in.
wq
wg
Pressure for Suppy System: 0.228 in. wg - or 65.0

%
%
-- Lost ressure from ir andling Unit to Diffuser -Diffuser D Q Tota Delta P

(in. wg)
(cfm)
11
14
l"7
400.0
400.0
400.
0.125
0.113
0.096
Tota1 120.0
_- Cacu1ated F'itting Vaues -_
TD
Fitting Type
ir Handllng Unit
Straight Duc
main
Tee / \ye
branch
colmon
5 Straight Duct
main
6 Tee / wye
branch
conmon
1
2
3
4
Dia.
(in)
0.
18.0
1B.0
1'2.a
16.0
18.0
16.
12.0
\2.0
16.0
Q
(cfm)
1200.0
72A0.0
L200.a
400.0
800.0
1200.0
800.0
4.0
400.0
800.0
Velocity
(ftlmin)
.0
679.1
619.1
509.3
573.0
679.1
0
509.3
509.3
573 '
573.0
LP/L
Delta P
(in. wg) (in. wg)
. 0
0.001
0.002
0.03512
0.006
0.03a24
0.026
0.026
0.0]-5
0.013
Excets from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructinal puoses only to
students enrolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproducion or rnslion of his rk beyond th
permited by Sectins ] 07 or 08 of he 1976 United Stes Cpyright c ithou the permission f he copyright oner is unfu.
7 Stralght Duct
0. 3476
B Elbow
12 .0
400.0
509.3
400.0
0.007
509.3
9 Straight Duct
10 Rectangular Transition
11 Diffuser / crile
72 Straight DucL
L4 Diffuser / Grile
15 Straight Dct
11 Diffuser / Gri-1e
L2 .0
L2 .0
4.0
40.0
40.0
s09.3
l-00.0
40.0
100.0
0.001
0.014
0.050
0.001
0.014
0.050
0.003
0.014
. 03
12 .0
L2 .0
L2 .0
L2.A
L2 .0
400.0
59.3
400.0
400.0
400.0
400.0
509.3
100.
249
0
.034'7
0.03476
0.03476
0.05
12-38. The three branches from the plenum must be designed as close as
possibe for the Same preSSUre ]oss. Start \/ith B since it appears
to be more extensive than or c.
For B: Po/Le =[
For
Po/Le
=(
For
C: P"/L"
=(
0.18
- 0.025
145
0.18-0. 025
142
0.18
0. 025
104
'100 = 0.107 in. wg./100 ft

'100 = 0.109 in. wg./10 ft
100 = 0.149 in. wg./100 ft
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to
students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproductin or trnstion of his wrk beyond h
permited by SecioS ] 07 or ] 08 f the 97 6 United SeS Copyrigh ct ithou the pemission of he cop1',"igh oner is unlcrful'
250
12-38. (continued)
BRNC DUCTS
MA|N DUc RUN
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
Pi
Le
Pi
cfm
De
Sec
Po6+
ft.
in.
fpm
o.
-(8)+
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(e)
(1
Se.
Le
cfm
D"
Po
Po
Br.
No.
ft.
in.
fpm
(2)(5)
(7)
100
actual
*r"
0)
(1 0)1
(1
5)
00
(1 1)
-P
44
500
12
.057
650
.025
025
14
0.094
55
0.171
125
660
22
375
10
.085
700
.019
.044
10
0.75
52
0.144
200
760
11
25
175
0.1
630
o28
.072
12
0.047
38
0.124
75
550
IJ
54
100
.87
520
.047
0.119
Tot
145
.025
0 144
50
40
19
300
25
200
48
100
Tot.
142
15
56
225
17
48
100
Tot.
104
10
.095
760
.048
0.048
0.084
38
0.221
100
750
.92
700
0.018
.ubb
0.66
48
0.1
38
100
510
0.046
q7
0.8'1
'100
500
to
0.041
38
0.1 8
125
610
59
0.02
.095
530
0.046
P
7
^
.086
.
t5z
0.025
157
17
850
0.095
.095
.085
510
0.04'1
'136
0.025
161
Note that the resulting total pressures losses turn out to be:
(Po)a = 0.144 in.wg., (Po)n = 0.157 in. wg.; (Po)c = 0.161 in.
\g.
Within the accuracy of the calculation these are appoximately equal'

It
may be necessary to use a damper in branch B, sec. 8.
12-38.
Branch A, Balanced Capacity Method
__
)q
Jf
- pocedure -Y11
System type: Supply

Rounding Method: Round Neares
__ an Sefection -_
Known an Parameter: Plenum Tota1 ressure
Fan irflow:
0.1B0 in.
wg
40.0 cfm
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a nt-for-profit basis fr testing or instrutional puoses nly to
students enrolled in ourses 1br whih the textbook has been adopted' ny other reproduction or trnsion of this ork beynd ht
permittec by Secions ]07 or 08 ofthe ]976 Unied Stes Cpyright cihou he permission ofhe cpyrigh owner is unlwful.
Fan or External Total

Coil Lost
E'iter Lost
Misc. Lost
251
wg
1^rg
wg
\^rg
0.269 in.
1^rg
Pressure for Supply System

Pressure for Return System
0.180 in.
0.089 in.
wg
wg
AU
HU
U
.269 1n.
0.000 in.
0.000 in.
0.00 in.
Pressure
reSSure
Pressure
Pressure
or
or
6'7
0%
33 0%
Lost re$-sure from ir Handling Unit to Diffuser -Diffuser D
(cfm)
r^-^1
Od-L
100.0
100.
100.0
100.
15
19
23
29
Total
(in.
D itting Type
Values -Dia.
(in
0.
Stralght Duct
Tee / wye
main
qn
Elbow
branch
conmon
7 Straight Duct
8 Tee / wye main
branch
conmon
9 Straiqht Duct
10 Tee ,/ Wye main
branch
conmon
Straigh
Duct
Straight
Duct
E1bw
Recanguar Transition
Diffuser / Grille
Ebow
Sraight
Duct
9.
9.0
9.
8.0
5.0
on
8.0
1.4
tr
8.0
'7.0
5.0
1.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
Rectanquar Transition 5.0
Diffuser / cr1le
Efbow
Straiqht
wg)
0.171
0.155
0.141
0.187
ir Handllng Unit
Conlcal Contraction
Straight Duct
11
72
13
1'4
15
16
t'7
18
79
2A
2L
22
23
24
2-
28
n
r
400.0
-- Calculated Fittlng
1
2
3
4
5
6
n^l
reLd-^
Duct
5.0
tr

Diffuser / cri]_e
5.0
Sraight Duct
Butterfy Damper
5.
RectanguJ-ar Transition 5.
(cfm)
4.
40.
400.0
40.
400.0
300.0
100.0
400.0
30.0
200.0
100.0
300.0
200.0
100.0
100.0
200.
100.0
100.0
1.0
10.0
10.
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
10.
100.0
100.0
100.0
10.
10.
100.0
Velocity
( ftlmin)
Delta P
(in. wg)
.0
905.4
905.4
905.4
905.4
0.000
0.011
0.003
0.011
0.014
0.006
0.039
Qo /
733.4
on /
859.4
t48.4
7?? I
a o 1
148.4
133.4
1))
148.4
133.4
1aa
1))
360.
7??
a 1a
36.0
???
aa1
360.0
111
1" 1
360.0
(in.
^P/Lwg)
0.
14157
0.14157
0.018
0.14878
0.016
0.004
0.1_3629
0.005
0.020
0.
]_3
0.020
0 .0!2
0.016
0.010
0.025
0.1_9911
0.016
0.010
0 .425
0.007
0.016
0.99'71
0.07
0. 10
a.025
0.016
0.058
.1997'7
0.L9911
0.3-991"7
0. 10
Exets from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distributin on a not_for_profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproducion or trnslain of his work beyond h
permited by Secions ] 07 or 08 f the ]976 Unied SeS Copyrgh ct'wihou he permissin of he copyrigh oner is unlfu.
252
29 Diffuser / Grille
100.0
0.025
Branch B, Balanced Capacity Method

/t"
Desgn Procedure _-- -\.

System tye: Supply
-- an Sefection
nown Ean
__
Parameter: Plenum Total Pressur :
Fan irflow:
AHU
AU
AHU
Coil Lost ressure:

i1ter Lost Pressure:
External- Total Pressure:
500.0 cfm
.18 in.
000 in.
0.000 in.
0.00 in.
0.
0.180 in.
0.180 in.
wg
wg
wg
wg
Wg
wg
Pressure for SuppJ_y System: .18 in. wg - or 1OO.O

Pressure f or Return System: 0 . 000 in. \^g - or
.
%
%
-- Lost ressure from ir andling Unit to Diffuser -Diffuser D Q Tota De]ta P

(crm1
(1n. wg)
13
L6
19
23
Total
10.0
75.0
200.0
125.a
0.185
0.179
0.\42
.15B
50.0
-- Calculated ittin Vaues -D itting Type

1
2
3
5
6
7
8
9
A1r andling Unrt

Conica Contraction
Straight Duct
'aa / ;l',o main
Dia.
(in)
0.
10.0
10.0
9.0
branch 6.O
corrion 1.0
Straight Duct
9.0
Tee / wye
main
6.
branch 6.0
conmon 9.
Elbow
6.0
Straight Duct
6.0
Tee / wye
main
4.0
branch 5.0
conmon 6.0
Q
(cfm)
Velocity
(ftlmin)
500.0
50.0
500.0
375.0
25.O
500.0
375.0
2.0
175.
375.0
175.0
175.0
75.
1.0
175.
0.0
916.1
976.1
848.8
636.6
916.7
B4B.B
1O18.6
891.3
84B.B
891.3
891.3
859.4
'733.4
B91.3
Delta P
(in. wg)
. OOO
. O11
(in.
^P/Lwg)
0. 18
O.06
0.72'723
0.019
0.725"75
O.o42
.OO9
0.019
0.008
O.014
0.OO6
0.22175
0.020
xcets from this work may be reprodued by instrutors fr distribution on a not-1br-profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to
students enolled in ourses for which the textbk has been adopted. ny ther reproducion or rnslion of his ork beyond th
permied by Sections ]07 r 08 fhe 1976 Unied Sttes Copyright chou he permission fthe copyrigh olner is unrwfu"
10
11
\2
13
L4
15
16
71
18
19
20
27
22
23
5.0
El-bow
n
Straight Duct
RectanguJ-ar Transition 5.0
Diffuser,/ Gril1e
Straight Duct
Diffuser / Gri1e
Straight Duct
Rectanguar Transition
Diffuser,/ Grile
Straight Duct
Butterfly Damper
Diffuser / critle
'733.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
1?2'
75.0
75.0
75.0
200.0
200.0
6.0
6.0
859.4
210 .0
1018
636.6
636.6
450.0
1-25.0
1o
L2s.A
Branchffilanced Capacity
.6
120 .0
200 .0
125 .4
b.u
6.0
6.0
360.0
10.0
4.0
4.0
0.007
0.028
0.010
0 .025
0 .028
0 .025
0 .025
0.041
0.014
0.025
0 .0L2
0.044
0.005
a
253
0.1_99'71
0.35266
0
.29022
0.72304
.02s
Method
-- Design rocedure -System type: Supply

-- an Se1ecion -Knotn Ean Parameter: Plenum

F.an
an irfw:
Pressure:
Pressure:
Pressure:
ressure:
Xterna1 Tota1 Pressure:
0.
or External Total
Col Lost
Filter Lost
M1sc. Lost
AU
HU
AHU
Total Pressure :
ressure for Supply System:

Pressure fr Return System:
0.180 in.
225.0 cfm
180
00
0 . 000
0.000
in.
in.
in.
in.
wg
18 in.
wq
0.
0.180
0.
wg
wg
wg
\^g
ln.
in.
or
or
\.^/g
wg
10.0 z
.C)
-- Lost Pressure from ir andlinq Unit to Diffuser

Diffuser D a
Totat Deta
(cfm)
(in. wg)
10.0
725.0
1-4
1B
Total
aatr
0.186
-- Ca1cu1ated Fittin
D Fitting
.191
Type
Values -Dia.
(in
1 Air Handling Unit

2 Conical Contraction
0.0
8.
(cfm)
225.A
.0
225
Velocity
(
ftlmin)
O.
644
O
.6
Delta P
(in. wq)
AP
(1n.
/L
wg)
O. OOO
O . OO5
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students enrolled in courses or which the textbok has been adopted. ny ther reproducion r rnslion of this ori beyond-h
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254
3 Stralght
0.08800
Duct
4 Butterfly Damper
5 Straight Duct
6 Elbow
7 Straight Duct
8 Elbow
9 Straight Duct
1 Tee / Wye
main
branch
11
72
13
74
15
71
18
Straight
Efbow
Duct
co'mon
Rectanguar Transitj-on
Diffuser / Grille
Sraight Duct
Diffuser / Grile
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
6.0
6.0
8.
6.0
6.
6.0
6.0
6.0
225 .0
22\
na tr n
225 .0
225 .0
C1
.0
10.0
1_25
225.0
1.
100.0
10.0
100.0
14tr
L25 .0
L25 .0
644
644 .6
644 .6
644 .6
644 .6
644 .6
644 .6
636.6
509.3
644 .6
509.3
509.3
360.0
636.6
450.0
.6
0.003
0.!12
0.003
0.004
0.006
.005
.006
0.003
0.011
0.08800
0.08800
0.08800
oo7
o. 0822L
0.010
0.12304
o.
0.003
0.003
0.02s
0.00s
0 .025
12-39. Solution follows Example 12-14 closely.

12-40 Solution follows Exampte 12-14 closely
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for testing or instrutional puoses only to
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or rhion of his wrk beyond h
permied by Secins ] 07 or 08 of he 1976 (]nied Sttes Copyrigh c ihou he peission
of the cpyrigh
oer ii
unw'ful.
255
12-41.
SF
2
Po=o
8,,
Supply fan: Po
4 in. wg.
Return fan: Po = 1.75 in. wg.

12-42.
SF
2 S
Space Pressure
S
P=0
-1
-2
le
Fan, Po = 5.75 in. wg.

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students enolled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trnsti()n f this work beyond h
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257
12-43.
4
RF
P=0
-1
-2
Supply fan: Po
4 in. wg.
Return fan: Po = 1.75 in. wg.

12-44.
6
SI
4
P=0
-1
-2
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students enrolled in urses for whih th txtbook has been adopted. ny other reprduction or rnslion f his rk beyond th
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258
Fan, Po = 5'75 in. wg.
12-45.
(a)
ssume a reasonable duct velocity of about '1200 fpm. Po/L

in. wg./100 ft. and D" = 18 in. (may be converted to
20x14
= 0.095
in. for
example)
For the duct: P
(0.095 x 40)1100 = 0.038 in. wg.
For elbows: Co = O.15; P" = 2x o.15(118O/4OO5)2 = 0'026 in. wg.

For damper: Co = O.52, P = 0'52(118o/4OO5)2 = 0.045 in. wg.
For grille: P, = 0'25 in. wg
For expansion: Vo = V.'(A.'/o) = 118Ol2 =59O fpm
Pu
overall: Po
Po
(b)
1'2(59ol4oo5)2 = 0.026 in. wg.
= 0.038 + 0.026 + 0.045 +
0'25
0.026
.385 in. wg.
For 18 in. duct with 1,00 cfm, P/L = 0'027 in. wg./10 ft
For duct: P6 = 0'027 x 401100 = 0.01 1 in. wg.
For elbows: P" = 2x0'15(59ol4og5)2 = 0.006 in. wg.
For grile: P, = O'25(1Qoo/2o)2 = 0.063
For expansion: Vo = 59012 = 295 fpm
P" = 1'2(295l4oO5)2 = O.OO7 in. wg.

xerpts frm this work may be reproduced by instrutors or distribution on a nt-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted- ny oher reproduction or trnsion of this ork beyond h
permitted by Sections 07 r 108 fthe ]976 Uniled Stes Copyrigh cwihu he permissin fthe copyrigh oner is unlful.
For damper: P6 = 0.385 _ (0.01
259
'1 +
0.007 + .063 + 0.007)
P6 = 0'297 in' wg. = Co"(59O lAooqz
(c)
Co" = 0.29710.022 = 13.7
12-46. Equal Friction Method

Note that a damper has been inserted in duct 6 (N. 34 betow) to
cause an increase in duct diameter from 8 to 9 1n. with a consequent
decrease in velocity to an acceptable 1evel.
-- Deslgn Procedure -System type: Supply

Dut Sizing Method: trqua1 r1ction
-- Fan Selection -Known Fan Parameter: E'an Tota1 Pressure
an
Fan irflow:
or Ext.erna Total
Coil Lost
ilter LoSt
Misc. Lst
AU
AU
AU
.900 in.
845.0 cfm
0.9 in.
Pressure:
Pressure:
Pressure:
Pressure:
.500 in.
0.100 in.
0.050 in.
wg
wq
wg
w
0.250 in.
wg
wg
Pressure for Supply System: 0.150 in. wg - or 60.0

Pressure for Return System: .10 in. wg - or 40.0
%
%
-- Lost ressure from ir and1ing Unit to Diffuser -Diffuser ID Q Tota Delta

(cfm)
(in. wq)
19
24
28
32
38
Total
150.0
L25.0
120.0
200.0
25.0
.141
0.128
a.123
0.11s
0.143
845.0
-- Ca1cu1ated Fittin Values -TD itting Type
Dia.
(in)
Q
(cfm)
Velocity
(ftlmin)
Delta P
(in. \^/g) (in.
^P/Lwg)
Eerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distributin on a not_fr_profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to
students enrolled in courses fr which the textbok has been adopted. ny oher reproducin or rnslion of this work beyond h
permitted by Seclins ] 07 or 1 08 of the ] 976 Unied Ses Copyrigh ct wihu the permissin f he cpyrigh ner is unlful.
260
1
2
3
4
5
6
ir anding Unit
Conical Contraction
Straight Duct
Elbow
Straight
Elbow
0.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
845.0
190 .4
main
14.0
2 .0
845.0
595.0
15'7 . 6
0. 05
comon
74 .0
main
10.
190.4
151 .6
0. 07
0.07
0.08259
0.07
0.07138
L4 .0
Duct
7 Straight Duct
8 Tee / vlye
9 Straight Duct
10 Tee / Wye
on
branch
12.A
branch
8.0
12 .0
co]non
11 Straight Duct:
L2 Tee ,/ Wye main
branch
comon
13 Stralght Duct
1-4 Tee / Wye main
21-
22
23
24
25
26
21
28
29
JU
31
32
3 3
34
35
36
3'/
38
Straight
bow
Duct
10.
9.0
7.0
10.0
branch
15
16
11
18
L9
20
conon
Strai ght Duct

Diffuser,/ Grltle
Sraight Duct
Ebow
Straight Duc
Rectanqular Transition
Diffuser / Gri1e
Ebow
Straight Ducc
Diffuser,/ crill_e
lbow
Sraqh ]uct
Rectaigular Transition
Diffuser,/ Grille
E]_bw
Stralght Duc
Butterfly Damper
Straight Duct
Rectanguar Transition
Diffuser / Gri1le
9.
1.0
1.0
9.0
1.0
1.0
1.4
1.0
1.4
1.0
7.0
1.0
1.0
7.0
7.0
8.0
8.0
B.
9.0
9.0
9.0
o
9.
250 .0
845.0
395.0
200.0
595.0
395.0
215 .0
12A.A
395.
215.0
150.0
L25 .0
15.0
15.0
150.0
150.0
0.0
190 .4
190 .4
190.4
190 .4
190.4
56
1'
573.0'
-151
.6
'1
' '\
G22
449 .0
124 .2
622 .5
561.3
46'7 .'7
561.3
561.3
561.3
450.0
150.
125 .0
L25 .0
46'7
12
375.0
1atr
rZJ .
T
n
n
L20 .0
72A.A
720 .0
120.0
200.0
20.
240.A
200.0
250.0
250.0
250.0
250 .0
250.
.1
461 .1
61 1
449.A
449 .0
36.0
573.0
573.0
600.0
565.9
565.9
6
565.9
750.0
0.000
0.008
0.003
0.06415
0.005
0. 6415
0.006
. 6415
0.06
.006
0.018
0.004
0.017
0.003
0.016
0.
.01 L61
0.011
0.006
0.005
0.016
0.004
0.040
0.013
.02
0.002
0.002
.030
0.002
0.011
0 .002
.036
0.003
0.010
0.000
0.04
0. 3
. 13
0
.024
0.001
0.001
0.
0.08082
0.0B82
0.05817
0.05817
0.05405
0.07106
0.0604
0.06004
Balanced Capacity Method

Note that dampers have been inserted in ducts 6 and 7 (No. 31 and
36 below) to cause an increase in duct diameter and a consequent
decrease in velocity.
-- Design Procedure -System type: Supply

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students enoed in courses for which the tetbook has been adopted. ny ther reproducion or trnlslion of his ork beyond h
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261
_- an Selection -Known an
Parameter: Fan Tota1 Pressure :
an Airflow:
Coil Lost Pressure:

i1ter Lost Pressure:
U
AU
AU
Externa1 Total ressure:
0.9OO in.
845.0 cfm
0.900
. 500
0.100
0.50
in.
in.
in.
in.
wg
wg
wg
w
0.250 in.
wg
wg
Pressure for Supply System: 0.150 in. wg _ or 60.O

Pressure for Return System: .100 in. wg - or 4O.O
?
%
_- Lost Pressure from ir andling Unit to Diffuser -Diffuser D Q Total De]ta P

(cfm)
(in. wg)
19
24
28
33
38
Total
150.0
725.0
720.0
200.
2s0.0
0.141
0.728
0.140
0.140
0.131
845.0
-- Calculated Fittlng Values -D itting Type

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1r anding Unit
Conical Contraction
Dia.
(in)
Straight Duct
14.0
Elbow
14 . 0
straight Duct
14.0
bow
14.0
Straight Duct
14.
Tee / wye
main
72.A
branch 10.0
conmon 14.0
9 Stra1ght Duct
72.0
10 Tee / Wye
main
10.0
branch 8.0
counon 2.0
11 Straight Duct
10.0
12 'T / ',o main
9.0
branch 6. O
co]non 10.0
13 Stralqht Duct
9.
\4 ee / Wye
main
1 .0
branch '7 .0
co]nmn 9.
15 Straight Duct
1 .a
0.
14.
Q Veocity
(cfm) (ftlmin)
O
O
O
0
845.0
B45.O
845.0
595. O
250.0
845.
595.
395. O
20.0
595.0
395.
21 5.O
L2a.O
395.0
2']5.O
15O.
L25.0
2'75.0
150.0
B45.
B45.
845.
845.
De1ta P
(in. wg)
O. O
19O.4
'79a.4
'7
90 .4
i90.4
190.4
19O.4
j5j .6
458.4
.020
151 .6
j24.2
573.0
O. OO4
O. O17
190.4
151 .6
124.2
622.5
6l.2
'724.2
622.5
561.3
46i .i
622.5
561.3
O. OOO
. O8
O. OO3
O.
OO6
(in.
^P/L wg)
O. 6415
o.oo5
0.06415
O.OO6
O.O6415
O.OO6
O. OO5
O.7
0.0'716'7
OO7
O. O8259
O.
O.OO3
O. O13
O. OO7
O. OO3
O. O713B
OO6
. O8s2
0.011
O.
xcets from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a nt-for_profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprducion or rnsion of this work beynd h
permited by Sectins 07 or a8 of the ] 976 Unied Stes Copyright c wthout he pemission f the copyrigh oner is unvful.
262
j
1-6 Elbow
1-1 Stralght Duct
i .0
1B Rectangular Transj-tion i.0
19
20
2
22
23
24
25
26
21
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
3-l
38
Diffuser / Grilte
Straiqht Duct
1bow
Straight Duct
Diffuser / erile
El-bow
Straight Duct
Diffuser / Grill_e
Elbow
Butterfly Damper
Straight Duct
Rectangu1ar Transitin
Diffuser / Gri11e
E1bow
Butterfly Damper
Straight Duct
Reclangular Transit1on
Diffuser,/ critle
j.A
1.O
1.0
i.0
6.
6.
6.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.
1.0
10.
10.0
1.0
.0
15.0
150.0
150.0
150.0
12 n
125.0
1t\ cl
725 .0
125.0
120 .0
120 .0
120.0
120 .0
200 .0
200.
200 .0
200.0
200.0
250.0
250.0
250.A
250.
250 .0
561.3
561.3
450.0
0.016
0.08082
461 .'7
461 .'7
461 ."7
0.013
0.002
0.002
0.05817
375.
677 .2
1 2
36.0
G1
0.05
0.004
0.040
0.002
.030
0.004
0.023
0.1\42-7
0.010
0.07106
573.0
573.0
0.007
0.036
0.003
0 .024
600.0
0.00
??
458 .4
0.040
0
.002
458 .4
0.0L6
750.
0.001
0.050
458.4
.05817
0.008
0.03599
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been Moptd. ny ther reproduction or rislion f hN wri beyond h
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Excets from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for
testing or instructional purposes only t students enrolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been
adopted. ny other reproduction r trnsltion of this wrk beyond tht permitted by Sections ]07 or
0B of the 976 United Sttes Copyright ct without the permission of the cpyright o')ner is unlwful.
Requests for permission or further infrmtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment,
John Wiley & Sons, nc, ] ] ] Rier Street, boken, NJ 07030.
CHAPTER
13
13-1. From q' 13-2
h-= tr*
_
c-
(C*
r.,,.
lb*
_ t2 (l* , n,
Now C and W are related by
|%
W" *
=
lba fto
Eq
ft'
ft2
_hr
13-14
lb*/ft3
he density of dry air must be used. Then from q. ,1 3-17

h =
hrP"' =
-ft3 X9 =
ftz _ hr--
ft3
]b,
_hr
ft2
Consider Eq. 13-13 which is dimensionless
Btu
P3Cp,h
-
-z-
ftz _ hr _
ft3 lb,F
F |b, Btu
^--^---;-
ft2
- hr
ft3
Clearly dimensionless when C* is used.
13-2.
using Eq. 13-'18,
h Le2t3 1; h
=
=
= -- = ,,'9. = 41'7lba/(hr
cpah
Cp, 0.24
also h,
h6
: 0.057 kgal(m'-
13-3. hd
k
= h/" = 41 .7lO'O75 = 555.6 ft3/1hr
0.61s p"oa7
s)
_ ft')
ftr)
0,075x100x60x(1 t14_
o44
261
= g52
k = 0.0147 Btul(ft-hr-F) (able A-4a)

n=
Ot.O,::!,
x 0.61 5(852)047
\ ' = 2.S9Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
(1t12)
h6 = h/cpa
h,
13-4. Nu
=2.5910.24= iO.B lba/(ft2-h11
= h6/" = 1O.8/0 .O75 = 144
0.023 Re0.8 pro 3 0r h
0.023 (k/D) Reo.s pro
and h6 = h/cpa, assuming Le =

Re = V ol;
L=
= 600/
0.044lbmlft-hr;
Re =
(il$
ff lt'-hr)
3
'1
= 471 ft/min or 28,260 ftthr
0.075 (Tabe A-4a)
0'075?8'260x1
= 48,170
0.044
Pr = 0.7; k = 0.01 47 btulhr-ft-F (Tabe A-4a)

h = O.O23
(48,17o)os(O.7)o., = 1.7 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
h = 1'710'24 =
7'1 lba/(ft2-hr)
h* = h6/^=7'1l0'075 = 95 ft3/(ft'-hr)
13-5. 43,560
ft2 = 1
acre;
i'l
* = hd(Wr, - W-)
Use j factor anaogy, h/crh6 = Le2l3
ssume: Le
Thenho-
= 0.85; C + 0'24
E
'
o.24(o.8q2t3
Using chart 1: WW*
=23.221bal(ft2-hr)
0.013 bu/lba
- 0.0223lb"ilba
(assume sat. air at 80 F)
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__._
262
h, = (23'22)1ooo(43,56OXo.o223
fr,,, = 9,415,ooO lbr/hr
13-6. Use analogy of Eq.
o.o1 3)
19 gpm/acre
13_1g
Ql= h(W- - Wr)irgi Q. = h(t- - t*)
q = qr + Q., W,
ho= h
coLe2l
Q/
13-7.
W-
= O.O'1 10;
Chart
144\- 9(1.15)=,- =
3 \ l' 'il 024(82 =49'23lba/(ft2-h
|
49.23(0.o 11-0.00765)1o65 = 176 Btu/(hr _ ft')
Q./A = 9(1
q/
= 0.00765;
.1
5)(75-50) = 25g Btu/(hr-ft2)
435 Btui(hr _
ft2)
= 1'37 kWlm2
Qr= rh,(i*-i,,)
h, = hd(WV, - W-)
h6 = h/(cr"Lezu); cp, =
h =
W,
'1
0.24 Btul(lba _ F);
'510'24 = 6'25lbal(hr
0'0223lb,/lba
Q1
ft')
6.25(300 x 15O)(O. 0223
h, = 3,572lbWhr
W* = o.0096 lb,/ba
i- = 28.4 Btu/lba; Chart

h,
Le2t3 =
0.0096)
= 3,572(1,05o) = 3,75O,600 Btu/hr o
x 1,o99 kW
ny water on the deck and occupants neglected.
13-8'
lt is assumed that the blanket is folded in half

over the clothes line with
one side exposed to air.
ho
cp
Le-2t3
18.g7tbai(hr -ft )
#(0.g3)-2l3 =
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or instructiona puoses only to
students enrolled in ourses for which the
iextbok t-'u, ""r, adopted. -sl oher rj)a""rnn
or rnslion of rhis ork beynd th
permitted by Secions ] 07 or ] 08 f the 976 |Jniecl
Ses copyrgh't c nut n" po7'irin f
the copyrigh oner is unlful.
h*
hd(Wb
hr, =
W,); Wn = 0.0312;W^= 0'0152
'=m*/[hd(Wv_W")]
- 4)
(16
263
I 8.
87(56)(0. 03 1 2
= 42'6
min
0.01 52)
= 0.71 hr
Say 45 min.
13-9. The procedure is the same as example 13-1 except that the
energy balance line A-B will have a positive slope
and
tl
=75"F, tlz
Ans: 68162"F;
90"F
.4 ft2:4.8 ft
17
13-'10. The solutions to this problem closely follows example 13-2.
Ans: 77169"F; 17.4
ns.
31126
C;
ft2;
4.8 ft
'1.6 m2; 3 m
13-11. The procedure is the Same aS example 13-2 exept that the energy
balance line A-B will have a negative slope and the inlet and outlet
water temps. are reversed.
ns: 71t69"F;
17
'4 ft2;5.5
ft
50
13-
ham =5510.24=229.2
45
h1/h6 = -3.05
40
=#,
o-
30
25
xerpts from
students enrl]
permited by S
35
lJ
20
12.
A. =
4000 x
rh
r/G,
0.071
6O/1OOO = 17 ft2
'l
I
-JI
t t2t
Y
60
70
80
90
100
or instrutional puoses only to

|ion f his wrk beyond tht
gh wner is unlwful.
264
2'7, Then
L = Gry/hdm = 100 x2'71229'2 =
11 .8 ft
13-13. The solution to this problem closely follows example 13-3

13-14.
Ans: 1.4 to
1.5
13-15. Solution of this problem follows example '13-4 closely.

'13-'16.
ns:
5OO ft2; 12'2 ft
13-17. Extrapolate the 72 F wb curve in Fig. 13-9. The largest cooling

tower modeI ''M'', iS not arge enough to handle 200 gpm.
Therefore use two towers of 1000 gpm each. Select the

model "L" which ls rated at about 1100 gpm.
13-'18 See example 13-3; the cooing tower must be larger.

13-19. See example '13-3; the cooling tower must be larger.
13-20. (a) Model B or C using Fig.

(b) Cooling Range
'13-9
-t. 2= 100-85 = 15 F
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted' ny ther reprduction or trnstion of his rk beynd th
pemitted by Secins ]07 or l 08 of he ] 976 United Ses Cpyright c
the permission ofhe copyrigh owner is unlful'
'yihou
265
pproach = t. z-twol = 85 _ 76 = 9 F
Tower capacity =
13-21 q
= (200 x 60 x 8.33)(1)(15) = 1,499,400 Btu/hr
5OO qpm x t; qpm =

= 50
'=??o,oô
500x1 0
50
qpm/ton=
(250,000
/1
Note:
!n this
case,
'1
-^^. =3.0
5,000)
ton = 15,000 Btu/hr
Cold water temperature; t"

From Fig. 13-7;
t*o =
= 70
10 = 60 F
42 F
13-22. lbuquerque, NM; t6 = 64 F (able B-1a)

(a) From Fig. 13-7; cold water temperature
gpm/ton
2'5i
73 F;
water temperature (73 + 10) 83 F
\/arm
(b) Charleston, SC;
t6 =
79 F (Table B-1a)
From Fig. 13-7; cold water temperature = 84 F,

gpm =
15,000
x2'5= 83 gpm (a &
13-23' (a) tons = ''?9?99o

15,000
(b) gpm/ton
80
80, gpm/ton = 24O8O= 3.O, maximum
= 4'o',max. t,5
13-24. Model G, nominal rating
b)
two =
65 F
600 gpm & 250 tons (Table 13-2).
Using Figure 13-9; assume gpm is constant.

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72F
266
With cooting range of (97

Max.
two =
two =
85) = 12
76 F (Figure 13-9)
With cooling range = 15,

Max.
tu,
= 100 F
74 F (Figure 13-9)
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-------_-=\
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by
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tht
work
beyond
this
of
adoptd. ny other repriuction oi trnsltion
is unlwful'
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CHAPTER 14
120-60
14-1. (a) P - 200 60
= 0.43
*=
200-180
120
- 60
= 0.33
F = 0.985 {Fig. 14-191

(1so - 6_q)_:(299_ 120)
LMTD _
(180 - 60)
ln
(200 -120)
LMTD
(b) C"
= 98.7oF
(fr
5490 Btu/hr-F
"r)",,
cn = cc(1,2
*uo
= 50oo
tu1)/(t*z
= '16,500 Btu/hr-F
(c)
Cn
53.35(520)
t*r) = 5490(1 20
'24)
-60y(200
180)
(rh cp)* = (Q pcp)* = 16,500 Btu/hr-F
16'500
Q=
(d) q
(29'92x0'491x144)
(6Ol1)
=25ft3/hr; Q
275(7.48)
= 34 gpm
60
UAF(LMTD)
UA =
C-.,
(t*z--t*l) _ 16,500(20
0.985(e8.7)
F(LMTD)
(e) NTU
NTU
UA
Cmin
Cc
3390
= 0.62
5490
_ 180)
UA
Cair
3390 Btu/hr-F
^-
267
(f)
\/
120-60
"= 200-60
0.43
268
14-2' (a)
UF(LMTD) = (rh cp),i,(1 10-50)

h, = 4000 x 14'7 x 144l(53.35 x 510) = 311'2 lbmin
or 18,672|b/hr
Q = 18,672(0.24)(110-50) = 268,874 Btu/hr
q = (rh cr,,)('l80 - tr.,o) = Q5 x 8.33)(1)(180 - tho)60
t.o =
80
=?9y+
25x8.33x60
= 158.5 F or 159 F
p= 110-50 =0.46: *='180-159 =0.35
-50
180
F = 0.98; Fig. 14-1
LMrD=S#
't[
10
- 50
=88
^J
A = 9/(UF x LMD)' ='!u!!!ô== = 312

10x0.98x88
(b)
Cair = 18,672(0'24) = 4481 = Cmin

Cwat = 25 x (60.817 .48) x 60 = 12,193 =
Cr*
= o.3T
110 180 -
NTU
5o
50
= 0.7,
0.401'
,=
h air
4481
crr, 12,193
Cmin
Fig. 1 4-18
UA/C,1. = O'7i
14-3. (a)
ft2
= 32o x 60
0'7\!481
,10
::'::'!!-
53.35x555
Cair=Cmin=3294
1ox3oo
NTU = 0.91
3294
= 0.615, Fig. 14-18
at C.inlCrr, = 0
= 314
ft2
= 13,726lb/hr
125
refri.
125
atr.
+
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students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reprduction or trnsltin of this ork beyond h
permitted b Secons ] 07 or 08 f he 97 6 Lnied Ses Cp1'igh ct ihou the permissin of he copyrigh oner is unlcwfu.
r_.14-3.
269
(continued)
0.61s = ,':"=-'^?
125
113'5'F
t,o =
(b)
- 95
, tco = t"o = 0.6'1
s(125- gs)
Q = Cui,(tao - tai) - rh,.irg = 3294(11 3.5

3294(1 13.5 - 95)
lrl,. = ------------.6s.s
= 928 tb/hr
14-4' (a) ,= l
y
-]
lm =
(1.0
+ g5
95)
90(0.00 8 l 12) J
- 0.5) 18.26= 0.76
12
R/r = 1l0.5 = 2.0i = .8, Fig' 14-4
(b)
,.,
mr
,_
'
tah(mrl)
[E -,][.'+ O.35rnBj
\mr) \r )\
, =
s =
1+
A
14-4 the answers are the same
(1 - ); = O.78 from proplem 14-4
Uo ho?ro
J-
1.243
tanh(0.9454)
=0.7g
0.9454
s = 1-0.9(1-0.78)
'1
(18.26)(0 '5112)1.243 = 0.9454
(c) Within readability of Fig.
14-5.
r/
200x(1/9)
0.80
k(, /o
= 0.17;
hi(i /o
Assumes ;
(0.01 5112)
) 10x0.8
o and
k.opp",.
(100x1)
= 100
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reprducion or rnslin f his wrk beyond th
permied by Secions ]07 or 08 of he 1976 United Ses Cpyright c withou he permissin f he cpyright oner is unllful.
270
The second term may be neglected

Uo = 5.9 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
14-7.
'1
Uo=!10x0.8
100(1/9)
=0.133
Uo = 7.5 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
14-8. ,' -
tanh(m/)
m!.
z"s _1''' =64.18

v
=|
y ]
l za1o.'t
l]
e-l'''
L
6x1 o_3
mI = 64.18(6
x 1O-')
= 0.385;
14-g' ns=1
-)_1-o.s5(1
*(1
m-1
0.953
_O.95)
. = 0.96
Ar =
2LWP,
Where P"
mm2;
= LW mm2;
Ar + (LW _ tLWPS)
fin pitch in fins/in. and L = W =
=- 2HLWP' + LW _ tP, _2x6x0'47 +1_0'16x'47 - '1l' lo+

'1A'
o
,L\/P'
2x6x'47
+=\:--J^
u 1400 57(0.96)
= O.O19;
U = 52.3 W(m' _ c)
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students enrolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reprducion or trnsin f his work beyond th
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271
14-11
tan h(m r/
'= [}_,][,+O35.(})]
R"
= 1.2s ( - 0'2)'''; m =
r
mr
znl1l2
L]
*=},=;;L>M
(a) Diml
=;'=
0.56 in
b = 1.35 in
' rrg)'
2L2l*or1'''
Dim, =
jo.uu)'* (1'35)'1'''=
O.73
Then L = Dimz = 0.73in.; M = Dimr = 0.56 in.
0'56 =1'75:3=0'73
=(0.64
t2)
0.56
R"
r
=1.3
t2=2.22
= 1.27(1.Ts)(L3-0.3)1
= (2.22-- 1)t1 + O.35ln(
2.22)!= 1'56;
mr
n_
'
tanh(0.762)
=0.869
0.762
16.33(0.32112)1.56 = 0.631
2x10
L e0(0.01/ 12)
f'''
= 16.33
(b) Dim.-a-12.5mm
'2
' !2'lZZt + 12.5'ltt2 = 12.65 mm
Dim2 =
L = Dimz = 12.65 mm
M = Dimr = 12.5 mm
t=12'5 =2.s:g=
R"
r
b=22mm
12'65
12.5
= 1.27(2.s)(1.01 2
=1.012
0.g)1t2 = 2.69
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students enolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted' ny ther reproducon or rnstion ofhis lrk beyond th
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ft-1
272
1)t1 + 0.35 ln(2.69)] = 2.26

E'\vv
_^ -_
2.69
zxo ll=66.67m-1
m=l
1170(0.00018)_j
mrQ = 66.67(0.005)2.26 = 0.753
_ tanh(O.753)
'
11 =
0.753
= 0'85
14-12. +
tube wall resistance
v-_
-1-, h; (, 7no ; neslecting
Uo= hoo
_----{
(a) 1o=1
(b) ro
14-13. (a)
1o106
=1
1=
*(1
1
:^
0,.068ro s3
= 0.120; Uo =
oo(l o)
Rct = 2.222
'12
-0.9(1 -0.81)
Rct = 4.15
(b)
)
-)-1_o.9(1 _O.s4)=0.86
0.83
^4^
1a.+rl o1
0 64(
10-6
8.60 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
= 17.8; Uo
1t12
0.010-
= 0.056 kW(m2
- c)
1)'
.010
]""'
10-a 1hr-ft2-r1/tu
fins/in = 0.472 fin/mm
rc(1t0
Rct=3.913x10-7
72_
0.18
0.18
uott=
1)'
)
1o
.oe3 x 1o-41m2
- cyw
l
14-14' Re= D;=60.6
lbm/ft3
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students enolled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reproductin r rnsion ofthisorkbeyond tht
pemitted by Secions ] 07 r 0B of the ] 976 Unied Ses Copy'igh c ihu the Permissin of he copyrigh oner is unlfut.
273
Table C-2
Dr = 0.545112 = 0.0454 ft;
x+
2'5
e 'lA=
=3.44fVsec
7 '48^ 60( t4)(o'o454)2
= o.93 lbm/(ft
Re =
hr) = 2'58 x 1O-a lbm/(ft-sec) able A-1a
60.6(3.44)0'0454
2.58x10-a
36,6g3i Re = 36,700
(L/D),in = 410'0454 = 88 ft
Pr = 2'43 (Pr = cr/k)
lo
'',u
k
14-15'
= O.23
= O.O23
"Bu Pro';
k = 0.383 Btu/(hr-ft-F)
,f''='J. (36,7oo)o'12.431o' = 1,136
(0.0454)
= 1'o1(62.4) = 63.02 LBM/FT2 [Fig.
= 0.7l1490
4'7 x
'1o-4
Btu/(hr-ft2-F1
0-2a]
lbm/ft-sec [Fig.
1O-2b]
Cp = 0.93 Btu/lbm-F [Fig. 14-];
K = 0.93 Btu/lbm-F [Fig. 14-9]
fVsec [Probem M-1aJ;

D = 0.0454 ft [Problem 14-14]
= 3.44
'045
Re=ffi=20,940
63.02(3.4 4)0
(L/D),1n = 88
ft
[Problem 14-14]
o _Cp _4'7x1o41soo)o.93 _.)
lr---''ia-
14-16'
.285
= O.O23 ,!o:',u=u], (2,94O)ou15'521o'=
(0.0454)
= 1.O45
x 62.4 = 65'21
= 1 '3l1490 = 8'725 x
co = 0.81
;k= 0.22; V
lbm/ft2
1O-a
690 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
lbm/(ft-sec)
= 3.44 ft/seC,
D = 0.454 ft
Re=#=11,670
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students enolled in courses for which the textbook has been adpted. Any her reproduction or trnstion of this ork beyond tht
permitted by Secions ] 07 r 1 08 f he 1 976 United SeS Copyrigh c withu the permissin of he copyrigh oner is unlwful.
274
,,"
_ 0.81x8.725x1 0-43600
0.22
.1
= ..16
1 ,670)0.(.1 ..t6)0.
0.023 !:?3=). (i
0.0454 '
14-17. Use hydraulic dia.

D = 4rn =
a(AJP)
209 Btu/(hr-ft2-F1
for rectangular channel

=
4(3/8) = 1.5 in. = 0.125 tt
= 62.4lbm/ft3 [Table A-1a];

= 3.45 lbm/(ft-hr) [Table A-1a]
u':o!!_),
Re =
-'-?? = 32,556
(3.45l3600)
cp = 1.003 Btu/lbm-F [Table a-1a]
k = 0.338 Btu/(ft-hr-F); Pr = 3.45 x 1 .003/0.338 =
(a) For cooin9,

h
= O.O23
(b) For
h
14-18.
Dr, =
h = O.O23
9
0.125
!D
'10
R"o'Pro'
(32,556)0r11o.21o. = 5O9 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
heating;
= O.O23
0.125
9
0.125
(32,556)0s11O.21o. = 642Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
ft [From problem
14-171
= 62.4(1.o45) = 65'2lbm/ft3 [Fig.

= 3.5/149O = 2.35 x
1o_3
O-2a]
lbm/ft-sec [Fig
'
10-2b]
Re=
c,
0.89 btu/(lbm-F) [Fig. 14-8]
k = 0.28 Btu/(ft-hr-F) [Fig. 1a-g];
Pr
2.35 x 1 o-3136o)(o.s9) l0 '28 = 26.9
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students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproducion or rnsion of his work beyond h
permited by Sections ] 07 or 08 of he 1 976 United Ses Cpyrigh c y,ithou he permission of the cpyright owner is unlful.
275
(a) Cooling
h
0.023
(b) Heating: h
14-1g' (a) Re = D _
Assume L/D
Then
('13,900)0t126.910t = 28s Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
= 9 9?:
0.o12
285
'""
(26'9):1
(26'910'e
396 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
99'2(1 '5)(0'012) _
^'''
=29'905
>
o'uffi
60
o.o23 Reo.8Pro4, Pr =
[o'sgxlo3x+'lzl
(O.637X31 ,157)o s(3.91)o
h = 8287 W(m2
C)
6373
e.gl
8.29 kw(m',- C)
Data from Figures 10-2a, 10-2b, 14-8 and 14-9.
(b) Re =
(1
'28)999(1 '5)(0'012) 15,4OO

=
1.2x10-3
.2x10-3x3.7x10-3
,r=ffi=8.9
1
:o.o23
h = '] (.5o)(15,4oO)08(8.9)oo = 5140 W(m2 _ c)
0.012
= 5.1
14-20. (a) Re =
4 k\l(m2
- c)
62'4(0'5)(0'3!112)
= 922< 2soo
(3.45l3600)
hD .1.86tReP. D .,lls
[ra)o 'o : ssume ( n)o'o
l.vvl.-,,
=
L, r',,l,,1oLl,,J
=,
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students enolled in courses or whih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproductin or trnslion of this work beyond h
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276
,,=1#
p22(1o.ol(ffi),"'
sff#
=1O'4
=
(b) Same procedure as part a using data for
66 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
30o/o
ethylene
glycol from Figures 10-2a, 10-2b,14-8 and 14-9.
992.2(0.1.0)x103
= 1519
653
There is a question about the flow regime. lt is probably
14_21. Re
in the transition region. Assume it is laminar and use
Eq. 1 4-24 and assu me | -U-
10.14
= 1.
['J
Pr
o.653X'1_3(4.182)
= 4'34
0.63
1 893)
n=-O.O1
1519(4'34)r']]1/3
'--_\' 3 )'
14-22. Use average values for
G.' =:o;(rh."9'v
)"us=
.''
(rh,),us
Gu and
G.
0.912;(Gr)",s
328
W(m'- c)
and Eq. 14-26.
= ln't,,u
z(o.s9)'
=237.81bm/(ft2-hr)
4\12)
(1 + 0.1)12 = 0.55 lbm/hr
(Gu),us = 0.55/4" =
290'6 lbm/(ft2-hr)
DG, _ r0.589)r?)
= 12 3
lt 12 , 0.95 /
DGu _r0 589)r9)
= 15
0.95
12
/

,
H=
138(pr.,,.
[#j"'L?
E)"102
xcerpts from this work may be reprduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-fr-prfit basis for testing or instrutional purposes ny to
students enrotled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprduction or trnson f his work beyond th
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277
p'(
e")"'
o )"'
.,u.o1, 61
l")
Pr' _ 0.95(1.001)
= 1oo8
0.0135/
=2.48
0.384
i,, = 1001 Btu/lbm
t 80 = 1'160 _ s0); twall
0.384 -
13.8
- - .58 g
t12
Q8)
80'F (Using water outside

2
'4n' 1]-l"u
''
Ul'
L,1
888 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
14-23. Use average values of G. and

A"=
"4 (O.o15)'= 1'767 x
(G.
,(u]
)"us =
(.s8)o. 126x1o_3 z
1.767x10-a
0.126x10-3
(Gu)"ug =
1O-a
(1 + O.
Gu and
,,,oo8]o
"
Eq. 14-26
mt
=
2) t 2
1.767x10-a
the tubes)
s)
= 0.399 kg/(m2
0.314 kg/(m2
s)
DGr _ 015(0.311)
= 12'1
0.390x10_"
DGu
( r)"'
|"
Pr.'
t =
45C
O.o15(0.39_9
O'39Ox1
2
l1
L0'219J
9j1' 19x1 03 = 2'46;
O.39Ox1o_3
0.665
= (73
gz
= 1024
ig = 2326kJ/kg
_ 28); liquid water assumed outside tubes
h=13gj95)(2'46)1t3lffi].,u..o24)o2=5022W(m2-c)
h
= 5.02 kw(m2
- c)
14-24' Use q. 14-28

At inlet x : 0.20; at outlet 10oF superheat
p,J*FsnR 1"Q,psi?i k,':. if,'$-"t.n puoses only to
from this wrk may ,l"rj],' ,,Jhm/fu
wrk beynd h
R_22
Excerpts
students enrolled in ourses'for which tbe textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproduction or trnson of this
permtted by Sections ]07 or 08 ofhe 1976 United Ses Cpyrightc\ithout he permission ofhe copyright ner is unlful.
278
Since X" 1.O; Cl = 8'2 x 1O-3; n = O.4

ssume tube wall thickness of 0.016 in.
hen D; = 0.375 - 2(0.0161 = 0.343 in.
-g|
Ai=
'4
= 6'417
1o-4 ft2
80
rh=
A j 6.417x10-a
rJ = -:-
= 124,700 lbm/(ft2
hr)
= 0'52lbm/(ft-hr) at 30'F (sat. temp. at 70 psia)

GD 124,700(0.343 I 12)
= 6855
=
0.52
30'F (sat. temp.); Table -3a
k = 0.056 Btu/(hr-ft-F) at
i1g = 88'5 Btu/lbm
(0.o56)
8.2x 1O-3
779 btu/(hr-ft2-F)
(O.343,
rssl, (a'qaa'sz'))lo
5(32l 7)
r)L'oocc
J.]
14-25. Use Equation '1 4-28

R-22;G
= 2OO kg/(m2
s); Dr = 8.5 mm; L = 2 m; P,= 210 kPa
= 30%, Xe = 100%
Tsat =
-24C a|210 kPa abs. Pres. [Table A-3b]
. = O.27O x 1O-3 N-s/m2 [Table -3b]; extrapolate

k. = 0.107 W(m - c) [Table A-3b]
i= 223 kJ/kg [Table A-3b]
GD=200(0.0085_)
= 8.2
'270x10_3
6 = 8'2x
'1O-3;
1O-3
=6296
n = O.4
(o'1O7)
0.0085 L'
h = 4106 W(m2 _ C)
296\2
7(223)1 000
Ie 2x9.80 7
4.11 klm',_
. r0.
J]
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-proft basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to
students enrolled in ourss for which the textbook has been adopted. ny other reprducion or rnsion f his work beyond th
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14-26.
" f !!1
D2g
lr, =
279
,
Assume isothermat
Re = 36,700; Probem 14-14; smooth tubes

f =0.022, Fig.
Dr =
lr,
14-27'
0.0454 ft;
=o.o2z*
" f !,
D2g
l . =
10-1;L=(6x6)+(5xl)=41
= 3.44 fUsec,
*lt!!l,t
-!1- 2x32.17
0.0454
ft
Problem 14-14
=3.65ft
ssume isothermal
=O.5ft/sec; f =64/Re =641922=O.OOg
L = (10 x 10) + (9 x 1.5) = 113.5 ft; Di = 0.34 in.

l. = 0.06 n*11?^'?x12, -
0.34
14-28.
',
2x32.17
1'07 ft
Refer to Fig. 14-10

Load/circuit = 10 x 1 2,000110 = 1 2,000 Btu/hr
Length/ircuit = (6 X 5) + (5 x 0.75) = 33.75 ft
(a) P. /L = 0.10
P.
= 0.10 x 33.75
(b) P. /L = 0.04
CF
Gt,^
CF
1.25 Fig. 14-10

4.22 psi
x 1'25
x 1'25
= 1.7 psi
psi/ft
= 1.25
P.
14-29.
psi/ft;
= 0.04 x 33.75
= 18OO lbm/(hr-ft'); t, =
7O"F,tz= 120"F
(a) Figure 14-12

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students enrled in courses fr which the textbook has been adopted' ny other reprduction or tr'nsioi of his ork beyni th
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280
Re, =
G'Xo
, Gc =
G"
lbm/(ft2-hr)
-
0.56= 3214 ''_'-''\-
4.6 x 10-2 lbm/(ft-hr) at t = 95oF (Table A-4a)
3214(1 .083 t12)
Re,
4.6x10-2
6306
j = 0.0091;f = 0.021 Fig. 14-12
jG" c,
8.91 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
(b) Re6
Pr-2l3 = O.OO91 (3214)0.24(O.T)-2t3
6306 x 0.52511.083 = 3057; assumes expanded tubes
plus fin collars.
A 4xoxr _ 4 1.25x1.083x0.56
At D6D
0'0152x0 '525x12
JP
= (3057)-04(1O.OS)-015 =
j=
9.
= 1O.O8
0.0285 (Eq.
14-39)
1x1-3 Fig. 14-14; h = O.OO91(3214)(0.24)(0.7zl!
= 8.9 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
D*=
0.525x10 08
= 0.904
(1.25 - 0.525)
1+
116.7
Using Eq. 14-44.
"
FP= (3o57)-0 2'[oo+.1
(
0.525,0
I 1.25 - 0.525
4(
L-
\67
o o06)
) ]"
'zs _,,l_o
10.e04
0.173
f
4.2 x 1O-2 or
0.042 (Note that f may be in error up to
!35o/o (Figure 14-15)
Exerpts lrom this work may be reprodued by instructors for distributlon on a not-for-proflt basis for testing r instructinal puoses only to
students enrolled in courses for whih the txtbook has been adopted. ny her reprducon or rnson of his work beyond th
permitted by Sectons ] 07 r 08 f the 1 976 Unied Sttes Copyrigh c wihout he permission of the copyrigh owner is unlwful.
14-30. (a) G"
4.5 kg/(m'-.);
tp =
2OC; Re =
Gc(0'0275)
281
'
= 1 8'2 x 10-6 -s/m2 1Table A-4b]
Re =
4'5(0'027)
18.2x10-o
6800;
Cp = 1.OO5
kJ/kg-C
j = 0.009; f = 0.020 [Fig. 14-121
jG" copr-2t3 = o.oog0(4.5)1.005(0.7)-2t3
= 0.051
0.051 kJ/(m2-s-c)
kw(m2-c)
(b) See problem 14-29b for prcedure
14-31. Use Eq. 14-42 or 14-45
l,n -,
' 'i=
e_,l*'+4l
el-r,r *
o2{
2g-1L\,*" )lo''_' )_,
#!S#L
53.35(530)
-,
= 0.O75 lbm/ft3; 2 = O.068 lbm/ft3
P,, = (l + 2)l2= 0'072lbmlft3
A _
_147(1.083112)5 = 118'45
A Af,
Where V
= t.
(1)0.56
xL;
A1,"
= 1 ft2;L = 5 x'1.083/1 2 = 0'451
214)2
* o.u6), )r9 _ l)*

''=2(32'17)(0'072)(0.075)(3600) _(,
/\0.068 )
L\
lh
o 042(1 1s 5)(0 075)l
072 -l
h = 12.2ft of air
Po =
(1i::?);'z
0 18 in. wg
xerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution n a not_for-profit basis for testing or instrutional puoses only to
students enrolled in courses or whih the textbok has been adopted. ny other reproducion or rnsion f his wrk beyond th
permtted by Sections ] 07 or 08 of the ]976 United Sttes Copyright c ihout he permissin f the cpyrigh owner is unful.
282
14-32. Use Equation 1 4-42 or 14_45

ti = 10C; t2 = 30C, ff" = 1 18.5 from problem
1O1x103
o =
ffi1
pm =
1.203 kg/m3
t'
= 1.244 kg/m3; Pz= 1.161 kg/m3;
ffi[(,'.
\
o.O19(1 18.5)/
I
r,
(0 56)2
)(#-
1).
1!1
1.203 )
= 1.67 m of air
Po = 1
6,
(#l',rool
or Po = 1'67(1'244)9'807
14-g3. Re = G.Dr,
e=lffi
2700(0.0101)
From Fig. 14-16;j

=
G" co j
= 2'O8mm of wg.
=
20.4 Pa
, D' = O.O101 ft
t 65.F, = 4.39 x
14-31
Pr-2t3
1O-2
bm/(ft-hr) [Table A-4a]
=621
0.013, f = 0.053
= 2700(0.24)O.013(0.72)-2t3 =
Where co= 0'24 Btu/(lbm-F); Pr
14-34' Use Eq.
O.
S Btu/(h r-ft2-F)
able A-4a
14-33; t = 65 F
14.6x144
'o -ff
53.35(535)
Pm =
= O.72 From
(l + ")l2
=
=
0'074lbmlft3; 2= 0.077 lbmlft3
0.076 lbmift3
xerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors

for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instructional
puoses only to
students enroled in urses fr which the texook has been
adpted. ,lny otlrr', ir:o'-"in o, ronrtoton of his ork
beyoncl ht
permied by SeCionS ] 07 or 08 of he 97 6 Unied Ses
Copyrgh c nout inte p,esion of the cpyrigh o,ner is untcwful.
28s
A 4L -I2
== oll
= 132
Assume a contraction ratio of 0'5

Then i -- 0 '32', " = 0 '27 Fig ' 1 4-17
Po
_
_
e7oq2
22.17
(#-
Po/Pg1
)1
1)
4'6(1 44)(0.07
-o
053(1
_ t(o.32 * l- os2)
4)(3600)'
3r)ffi#] _ r
_ (o 5)2
_'''1#'\
=4'126x10-a
0'17 in' wg'

Po = 4'126x 1o-4114.6)(1 44)(12)t62'4 =
14-35. (a) Coil DescriPtion'

Type of coil = Refrigerant condenser
coil
Tube pattern = Staggered plate-fin-tube
Material
luminum fins with copper tubes
Refrigerant type = Refrigerant 134
Finned side fluid = air

of Hg
Finned side air pressure = 29'92 inches
Face area
-- 4'44 square feet
Height of heat exchanger = 20'0 inches

Width of heat exchanger = 32'0 inches
Numberofrowsoftubesintheairflowdirection=4
Numberoftubesperro\/=16circuitsontubeside=4
inches
Fin pitch = 8 fins/inch Fin thickness = '006
Vertical tube spacing = 1'250 inches
puoses only to
basis for testing or instructional
by instructors for distribution on a not-fbr-profit
his ork beyond h
of
xcerDts from this work may be reproduced
ny- o,rnr, ,rrour'ioir-ron,oi
,-'. exibook r, ..nrjopi.*'
oner is unlful'
sudens enolled in courses ", *-L1.
ih" prr^r,rio' oj'n" copyrigh
i,o*,
]
07
''hout
permied by Sections
* ,oi'iii)jili'bnii
ciiilii, iri
284
Horizontal tube spacing = 1'083 inches

Tube outside diameter = .500 inches
Tube wall thickness = .016 inches
lnside tube fouling factor = 'OOOO BTU-HR-SQFT-F
'/6C
14-95. (continued)
Btu/hr
Total heat transfer rate = -48783'2
-48783'2 Btu/hr
Sensible heat transfer rate =
Entering air conditions:

Dry bulb temPerature
Face velocitY
95'0 F
650'00 FPM
CFM
Air volume flow rate = 2888'9
Leaving air conditions:

F
Dry bulb temPerature = 111'4
Tube side conditions:

125'0 F
Refrigerant saturation temperature =
of water
Air pressure loss = '393 inches
PSI
Tube side Pressure loss = 1'07
Fin efficiency =
'3gg
Surface effectiveness = '824
Tubesideheattransfercoefficient=388.88tu/hr-SQFT-F
Finnedsideheattransfercoefficient=12'5Btu/hr-SQFT-F
Mean temperature difference
-20'7 F
(b) Yes
14-36. Coil DescriPtion'

Type of coil
water or brine solution
coil
Tube pattern = staggered plate-fin-tube
tubes
Material = aluminum fins with copper
Tube side fluid
water
:;i:i'b:;,ff:;;i!:'ii:i1r,*"ir;?j':ii,:!;;iiii:i!j:'i#ii!*''
perm
:i:.J:fJ:f;':T:J$E::',i:;i1:i1i:'*iJ$'{ij:{..Ti
i ii6 t'Jnied Ses Copyrigh
07
ermied by Secins
"''ii')i 'i
ilhou he
286
Finned side fluid
air
Finned side air pressure = 29.92 iches of Hg
Face area
5.56 square feet
Height of heat exchanger = 20.0 inches

Width of heat exchanger = 40.0 inches
Number or
ro\/S
of tubes in the air flow direction = 2
Number of tubes per

Fin pitch
=7
ro\ =
16 Circuits on tube side
fins/inch Fin thickness .008 inches
Vertical tube spacing = 1.250 inches

orizontal tube spacing = 1.083 inches
ube wall thickness = .016 inches
lnside tube fouling factor = .0000 Btu-hr-SQFT-F
Diameter of inlet pipe/header = 1.0 inch(s)
Total heat transfer rate
-95759.1 Btu/hr
Sensible heat transfer rate
-95759.1 Btu/hr

Dry bulb temperature 7. F
Face velocity
650.00 FPM
Air volume flow rate
3611.1 CFM

Dry bulb temperature = 94.6 F

Entering fluid temperature = 150.0 F
Leaving fluid temperature = 128.2 F

Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for_prfit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
'work beyond th
students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted . ny oher reprduction r trnstion of his
permitted by Sections l 07 r 08 of he ] 976 t]nied Stes Copyrigh ct wthou he permissin f he copyrigh oner is unwful'
ube side fuid velocity
287
4.00 FPS
Cooling or heating liquid flow rate
9.0 GPM
Air pressure loss = .187 inches of water

Tube side head loss
Fin effiiency
= 8.20
- .831
feet or water
Surface effectiveness = .846
Tube side heat transfer coefficient = '1368.8 Btu/hr,SQFT-F

Finned side heat transfer coefficient = 14.4 Btu/hr-SQFT-F
Mean temperature difference
14-37. From problem
-56.8 F
14-29, Re = 6306 (based on xp)
and h5 = 8.9'1 btu/(hr-ft2-F)

:jn _.1
= r -1280 Nr(Re)-1 2 (Eq. 14-42)
j
then _ 1_ 1280 x 5 (Re)-1'2
i
1_(8x12so)(6306)_1 1
and J_
, ^
js
now h/hs
_ (5x1 2s0)(63o 6l_ 'z

= j/js
1_ 6400 Re_1 '2
o
g
J.r, 872
= 0'872
h = 0'872(8.91)
ha =
7.77 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
14-38. From problem 14-30, Re

jn
js-
1- 128oNr(Re)l
1- 64OORe-1
j _ 1_(6x128)(680)]
1- 64OO(6801-r z
js
6800 and h5 = 51W(m'- C)
[From sotution
to
14-371
= 0.96
Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a nt_for_profit basis for testing or instructional puoses only to
students enrolled in curses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny ther reprducion or rnslion of his ork beyond tht
permed by Sections ]07 r 08 ofthe ]976 United Sttes Cpyrighcwithu the permSsion ofhe copyright o'ner is unlwful.
288
l ur rr s = jo/js = 0.96
- C)
h = 0'96 x 51 = 49W(m2
14-39' Re, = %xo
or o.o49 kW(m2
(1.os3/12) x 60 = 8225
= =o':1:=
0.0445 0.54
j = 0.0095 (Fig. 14-12)
l - jcco
- c)
.o73,
Pr-2l3 = O.OO85 x
ffi
x60x
o-24(o'-2t3
h = 10.5 Btu/(hr-ft2-F)
0.0123 - 0.0092 .1 .033 x 1O-a,) Using Chart
c..
=
v _
_
55
85
0.0123-0.0063
.^^ z-- 85_q5
Cavg
= 1.5 x
1O-a
or
PSYC
Use Eq. 1 4-7o &14-73',k = 1z*s};
1'27 x1O-a;
From Table 5-1a.

M2 =
##l, -]
1'27
(- o.3)"' =
'r [E'_ l)[l

/
*=
= (1 '265
Mr = 22.7
'
14-40' For
o.3)1t2
= 1'265
+ 0.35 ln(1.265)] = 0'287
xO'287
0'285
g7.4o/o
= 0.g74 or
1 *
(1 -
80/67oF;
tp =
(1
ft-1
r)
mr
M = 22'7
O.35n&l
_ 1)[1
tanh(mrl)
m-_--',s
= u, 3;
,)
f _O.94(1 _ o'g74)=
O.98 or 98%
60oF
surface temperature must be equal to or less than 60"F'

puoses only to
for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutiona
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors
wrk beyond th
of
this
trnsin
r
reproucion
ny
her
uJopt..
bee,
students enrolled in ourses for whih the texook has
hout ihe permission of the cpyright owner is unl'wful'
permited by Secions 07 * l '"iinr''i ii'6-Unirrd Sror cipyr,gh 'aci
289
Moisture would condense at the base of the fin on the
tube outer surface if it condenses at all'
Let t* be this temPerature.
UiAi(t,-
tr) = h69A(i,
ir)
1 =-1' *,1*,r=Ai
UAi hiA k,
:_- '9o]:^
,n
'
""- 1U,=!*41=
hi k 1000 12x190
where
--"-'_
= O.OO1
Ui = l OOO Btu/(hr-ft2-F); where k"opp", = 190 Btu/(ft-hr-F)

t* = tr
ffi(i,-
i*) = 50 +
ssume a value for tr, read
ffi
i* from
(31.7
i*)
chart 1 and compute t* to
check assumption' Assume t* = 55'8'F then i' = 23'7 Btu/lba

and the calculated t* checks O.K. Therefore moisture will
condense at the base of the fin and on some portion of the fin.
There will probably be no condensation near the outer edge of the
fin.
14-41. For 2719 g,
t =
15 C
Solution is similar to problem 14-40

UiAi(t, _ tr) = h66(i3 _ i*)
+0'0005
ui 53
t*=ti
ffi
58
= O.O1888;
(i"_i*)
U= 52.98
=14'3-,g4,,* 4.2_i,)
*H
For t* = 16, i* = 45. Checks O.K.

puoses only to
on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutinal
xcerpts for this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution
reprduction or rnsion f his rk beyond thl
ny
oher
adopted.
has
been
the
textiook
which
1br
in
ourses
students enrled
he copyright ner is unlwful'
ihe permissin
prr^t'rca y srctins ] 07 or l ij rni l oz Lnied Stes cip)rgnt 'ci lthu
290
is
There will be no condensation because the tube outside wall
greaterthanthedewpointtemperatureoftheair.
14-42" This problem is intended for computer solution because
considerable iteration is required'
Coil DescriPtion:
Type of coil
water or brine solution
Tube pattern = staggered plate-fin-tube coil

Material = aluminum fins with copper tubes
Tube side fluid
Finned side fluid
water
=
air
Finned side air pressure = 29'92 inches of Hg
Face area = 12.50 square feet

Width of heat exchanger = 60'0 inches; W = 2H
Number of rows of tubes in the air flow direction = 5
Number of tubes per
ro\/ =
24
Circuits on tube side = '12
Finpitch=12fins/inchFinthickness=.008inches
Tube outside diameter = '500 inches
Tube wall thickness = '016 inches
lnsidetubefoulingfactor=,OOO0Btu-hr-SQFT-F
Diameter of inlet pipeihead er = 2'5 inch(s)
or instructional purposes only to
for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for tsting
xerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors
his work beyond th
of
trnsion
or
iy o"
has *,'
students enrolled in courses fbwhich the texibook
"p'oucon
"J"pi". 'q
f the copyrigh owner is unlful'
permission
ihe
coiir|gn,
S,o'r,
'a"i
permited by Sectins ] 07 * '"iir''i ii'6-in,"d
'thout
291
14.42. (continued)
Total heat transfer rate = 232885.0 Btu/hr
Sensible heat transfer rate = 164919.4 Btu/hr

Wet bulb temperature 68.0 F
Enthalpy = 32'3 Btu/LBM

Humidity ratio = 83.3 grains/LBMA
Face velocity
550.00 FPM
6875.0 CFM
Comment: coil is 34.3 percent dry

Wet bulb temPerature = 57.1 F

EnthalPY = 24'4 Btu/LBMA
umidity ratio = 68.7 Grains/LBMA


ube side fluid velocity
4.00 FPS
Cooling or heating liquid flow rate = 26.9 GPM

ube side head loss = 14.09 feet of water
Fin efficiency = .gg9
Tube side heat transfer coefficient = 822.3 Btu/hr-SQFT-F

Finned side heat transfer coefficient = 10.0 Btuihr-SQFT-F
Exepts from this work may be reproduced by instructors 1br drstribution on a not-for-pro1lt basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses fr whih the textbook has ben adopted. ny oher reproducion or rnstion of his wrk beyond th
permitled by Sections ] 07 r 08 of he ] 976 tJnied Stes Copyright ct without he permissin f the cpyrigh ner is unfu.
292
14-43. Coil DescriPtion.

ype of coil = Direct expansion
Tube pattern
Material
Staggered circular-fin-tube coil
Aluminum fins with copper tubes
Refrigerant tYPe = refrigerant22
Finned side fluid
air
Finned side air pressure = 29.92 inches of Hg
Face area
= 10.31 square feet

Number of tubes per ro\ =
Fin pitch = 12
16
Fins/inch
Circuits on tube side = 16
Fin thickness .014 inches

Horizontal tube spacing = 1.300 inches

lnside tube fouling factor = .0000 Btu-HR-SQFT-F
241221.0 Btu/hr
Sensible heat transfer rate = 162201'8 Btu/hr

Dry bulb temperatue = 82.0 F
purposS only to
Ecets fim this work may be rprduced by instructors for drstribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instutional
of this ork beynd tht
students enrolled in courses for which the texibook has been adopted. ny oher reproducion or trnstin
oner is unlful'
permitted by Secins ] 07 or 08 f he ] 976 (nited Ses Cpyrght ct \hou the permissin of he copyrigh
293
Wet bulb temPerature
67.0 F
Enthalpy = 31.4 Btu/LBMA

umidity ratio = 74'9 Grains/LBM
Face velocity
500'00 FPM
5156.3 CFM
Comment: Coil is .0 Percent drY

Dry bulb temPerature = 52'2 F
Enthalpy = 20.6 Btu/LBMA

Humidity ratio = 52.1 Grains/LBMA
Tube side conditions.

Refrigerant saturation temperature = 35.0 F

Tube side pressure loss = 1.36 PSI
Refrigerant quality entering/leaving evaporator = '29
Enthalpy change in evaporator = 62'75 Btu/LBM
Fin efficiency =
.679
Tube side heat transfer coefficient
375.5 Btu/hr-sQFT-F
Finned side heat transfer coefficient = 9.3 Btu/hr-SQF-F
14-44. Coil DescriPtion:

TYPe of coil = Steam
Tube pattern
Material
Triangular plate-fin-tube coil
Aluminum fins with copper tubes
ube side fluid = Steam

Finned side fluid
Air

basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
Excets frm this work may be reproduced by instructors for distibution on a not-for-profit
or trnslifi ofthiswrkbeynd ht
reprducion
ny
ther
Students enroled in courses for whih the texibook has been adopted.
ihe permission of he copyrigh owner is unlrful'
permitted by Sectins 07 r l iiin, ] 9t76 (Jnitecl Sttes Copjrght ,ci ithout
294

Number of tubes per ro\M =
16
Fin thickness = .006 inches
Finpitch=8Fins/inch

orizontal tube spacing = 1'299 inches
ube outside diameter = '625 inches

Tube wall thickness = .0'18 inches
-554503'6 Btu/hr
-55453'6 Btu/hr

Dry bulb temperature 60.0 F
Face velocitY
750'00 FPM
ir volume flow rate
9000.0 cFM

Dry bulb temperature 116'1 F

Steam temPerature
= 227
'1 F
Steam saturation pressure
5'000 PSIG
Air pressure loss = '269 inches of water

Fin efficiency = .738 surface effectiveness = '756
purposes only to
on a not-for_profit basis for tsting or instrutional
Excets from this work may be reprodued by instrutors 1br distribution
ork beyond th
f
his
rnsltion
or
reprucion
ny
her
students enrolled in ourses tbr w*ch the texibook has b..n uJo|t"d.
ner is unful'
isiz Lnitel Ses cpyrglt ,ci thout the permission of he copyright
permitted by Sections ] 07 r l ^"i
'n,
295
14-44. (continued)
ube side heat transfer coefficient = 2051.7 Btu/hr-SQFT-F
Finned side heat transfer coefficient = 14.6 Btu/hr-SQFT-F
14-45. Coil DescriPtion:

Type of coil
Water or brine solution
Tube pattern = Staggered plate-fin-tube coil

Material = Aluminum fins with copper tubes
ubesidefluid=3Oo/oethyleneglycolsolution
Finned side fluid
ir
Face area
= 5.56
square feet

Number of tubes per ro\/ =
16
Fin pitch
Fins/inch
Fin thickness = .008 inches

Insidetubefoulingfactor=.OOO0Btu-hr-SQFT-F
'1'0 inch(s)
Diameter of inlet pipe/header =
-9610'1 Btu/hr
-90610'1 Btu/hr
purposes only to
distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional
EXcetS fiom this work may be reprodued by instructors tbr
beyond ht
ork
of
his
or
rcnsion
reproucion
ny
other
aJopte.
students enrolled in ourses fbr which the texibook has been
copyrigh oner is unlfu'
i sz (Jnied SeS cip)rgt 'ci hu ihe permission of he
permited by Secions ] 07 or l ^"i
'n,
296
Face velocity
ir volume flow rate
650.00 FPM
=
3611.1 cFM


Entering flud temperature = 150.O F

Tube side fluid velocity = 4.00 FPS
Cooling or heating iquid flow rate
= 9.O
GPM
ir pressure loss = '186 inches of water

ube side head loss ='10.13 feet of water
Fn efficiency
.83'1
Tube side heat transfer coefficient
= 796.O
Btu/hr-SQF-F
Finned side heat transfer coefficient = 14.4 Btu/hr-seFT-F

Mean temperature difference = -57.6 F
here is a 5 percent reduction in capacity and increased pressure loss
on the tube side.
14-46. Coil Description:

Type of coil
ube pattern
Material
Water or brine solution
luminum fins with copper tubes
Tube side fluid

Excts
Staggered plate-fin-tube coil

= 30o
ethylene glycol solution
from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a nt-for-profit basis or testing or instrutional purposes
only to
studentsenroIedincoursesfrwhihthetextbookhasbeenadopted.
nytherreprucionrrnstioiofhislorkbeynith
permited by Sectins ] 07 or 08 of he 1 976 United Ses Cpyrigh ct
ithu ihe permission of he copyright olner is unlful.
Finned side fluid
297
Air
Finned side air pressure = 29.92 inches of Hg

Number of tubes per
Fin pitch = 12
ro\/ =
24
Fins/inch
Fin thickness .008 inches

Horizontal tube spacing = 1.083 inches
ube outside diameter = .500 inches
ube wall thickness = .016 inches
Diameter of inet pipe/header = 2'5 inch(s)
Total heat transfer rate = 211374.2 Btu/hr
Sensible heat transfer rate = 155955.9 Btu/hr

Dry bulb temperature 80. F

EnthalPY = 32'3 Btu/LBMA
umidity ratio = 83.3 Grains/LBMA
Face velocity
550.00 FPM
ir volume flow rate
6875.0 cFM
Comment: Coil is 43.6 percent dry

Excerpts from this rrk may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-pro1'it basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enolled in courses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproductin of trns.]tin ofthis ork beyond ht
pemied by Secions ] 07 or 08 f he l 976 Unied Ses Copyrigh ct |ihout he permission of the copyrigh oner is unlwfu.
298
14-46. (continued)
Dry bulb temperature 58.6 F
Enthalpy = 25'1 Btu/LBMA

Humidity ratio = 71.4 Grains/LBM

Leaving fluid temPerature

ube side fluid velocity
62.0 F
4'00 FPS
Cooling or heating liquid flow rate = 26'9 GPM
ir pressure loss
= .756
inches of water
Tube side head loss = 18.13 feet of water

Fin efficiency =
.699
Tube side heat transfer coefficient = 476.4 Btu/hr-sQFT-F

Finned side heat transfer coefficient = 10.0 Btu-hr-SQFT-F
The capacity is reduced by about 9 percent, the pressure loss on the
tube side is increased and the leaving air temperatures have increased
by about 1 degree.
14-47. Check Examples 14-1 through 14-5
Coil Description:
Type of Coil
Water or Brine Solution
ube Pattern = Staggered Plate_Fin-Tube Coil

Material
luminum Fins With Copper Tubes
basis for testing or instrutional purpses nly to

Excerpts 1ior this wrk may be reproduced by instructors fbr distribution on a not-for-profit
reproducion or rnstion f his work beyond th
students enroled in ourses for whih the texibook has been adopted. ny oher
]976 Unied Ses Copyrigh ,ci ithou ihe permission of he copyright oner is unlwfu'
permited by Sectins ] 07 or l o i7
'n,
Tube Side Fluid
Finned Side Fluid
Water
=
Air
Finned Side Air Pressure

Face Area
299
0. FT. of levation
2.17 Square Feet
eight of Heat Exchanger = 12.5 ]nches

Width of Heat Exchanger = 25.0 linches
Number of Rows of Tubes in the ir Flow Direction = 5
Number of Tubes Per Row =
Fin Ptch = 8
Fins/lnch
10
Circuits on ube Side = 5
Fin Thickness = .006 lnches
Vertical Tube Spacing = 1.250lnches

Horizontal Tube Spacing = 1.083 lnches
Tube Outside Diameter = .525 lnches

Tube Wall Thickness = .015 lnches
lnside Tube Fouling Factor = .0000 R-FT2_F/Btu

Diameter of Inlet Pipe/eader = 1.3 lnch(s)
Total Heat ransfer Rate = -133026.9 Btu/HR
Sensible Heat Transfer Rate = -133026.9 BtuiHR

Entering ir Conditions:
Dry Bulb emperature = 50.0 F
Face Velocity = 950.00 FPM

ir Volume Flow Rate= 2061.6 cFM
Leaving Air Conditions:
Dry Bulb Temperature = 107.6 F
Tube Side Conditions:

Entering Fluid Temperature = 150.0 F
EXcerpts fim this work may be reproduced by instrutrs or drstribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional purpses only to
students enrolled in courses for whih the textbok has been adopted. ny ther reproducon or trnsion of this ork beyond th
permited by Sections ] 07 r 08 of he 976 United Saes Cpyrigh ct withu he permission of he copyright oner is unl:ful.
300
Leaving Fluid Temperature = 128.3 F

ube Side Fuid Velocity
4.00 FPS
Cooling or Heating Liquid Flow Rate = 12.5 GPM
ir Pressure Loss = 1.13'1 lnches of Water

Tube Side Head Loss
Fin EfficieCy
= '750
6.77 Feet of Water
Surface Effectiveness = '771
Tube Side eat Transfer Coefficient = '1 354.2 Btu/hr-SQF-F

Finned Side eat ransfer Coefficient = '19.5 Btu/hr-SQF-F
Mean Temperature Difference
-58.5 F
he above results show that a 5 row coil would easily satisfy

the specified requirements. he manual calculation of the
examples are very conservative.
Exerpts from this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproducion or trnsltion f this wrk beyond h
permitted by Secions ] 07 or 08 of the ] 976 Unied SteS Copyrigh ct 1ihout he permission of he copyrigh owner is unlful'
Excets from this wrk may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-for-prort basis fr
testing or instrutional purps, on1y to students enrolled in courses for whih the textbook has been
]07 or ]08
adoptd. ny ther repiodiction r trnsltion of this work beyond tht permitted by Sections
is
unlwful.
o7 ile lz (]nited Smtes Copyright ct without the permission of the copyright owner
iequests for permission or furtier-idormtion should be ddressed to the Permission Deprtment, Jhn
Wiley & Sons, nc, 11 Rier Street, Hoboken, ]\J 07030.
Chapter 15
COP
15-1
qe/\rv;
UseP-idiagram
_V = i+_ig =119.5_105.5
= - 14.0 Btu
lbm
14
tlooF
Q"=il -i=42'5-119'5
=
ooF
-77 Btu / lbm
ooF
g"=-Q"+\M=77-14
=
63 Btu / lbm
(a)
COP=63 114=4.5
(b)
CoP"".n.1 = 50
0r=
4.5
7.14
(c)
= Q"
coP
then
(d)
l (570- 5)
0.63 or 63
7'14
10 (12,000) _26,667
Btu
4.5
HP
10'5
ton 10 =
=
Qe = hQe o h =
1.O5 and
1.5
HP N
7.8 kW
=O.22
kW
10 (12,000)
63
lhr =
1905 lbm / hr = 0.24 kg /s
300
(e) W
(f)
15-2
PD
10.5 HP from (c) above = 7.8 kW
rhv.
_v
=ig
_W / rir
398.4 + 2'5 / 0.5 = 448'4 kJ / kg
-i4:260'3 -
-i4
9e
i3
9c -\M
(b) COP
15-3
O.O1 m3 / s
i+_i
Qc = i1
2.5 kW; rh = 0.05 kg / s
(a) 8c=il_i,
i+
1905_0'68)
= 21'6 ft3 / min
60
398.4
448'4
-188'1 kJ / kg
- 448'4: -50
kJ / kg
- 188.1-50 : 138.1 kJ
/ kg
= 138.1 I 50 = 2.76
coP
)carnot =
(c)
(d)
0r = 2.76 /
#*:3.86
= 448'4 kJ / kg from part (a)
3.86 = 0 '72 or 72
o/o
R- 134a; Energy Balane

rh1i1 +
mi =m2i2+ rh5i5
is =
+i _iz
Ps
i.l
= P+
= 44'94
rh1 =
fi2=
rh3 = rh = rhs
101 '54 _ 37.98
:16.6 Psia
w=i6-is,So=Ss
-r0
: 108'5
Btu / Ibm
100 F sat. liquid
P1: 138.8 Pjsla

5
sat. vapor 80 F
Excerptsfromthiswrkmaybereproduedbyinstructorsfordistributionona.not-for-profitbasisfortestingorinstructionalpurposesonlyto
,l -_...__^ll^r;^^^llfaAqfnru,lihthetextbkhasbeenadontel. notherreroducionortrnsliono{thiswrkb?bdth^2v":1'^)
301
io
:'127 Btu / lbm lChart
\/
3]
127 - 108.5 = 18.5 Btu / lbm
Qe = i+
_iz =
_i3 : i
1o1 '54
37'98 = 63'6
15-3 (continued)
HP
^t
ton rhge
HP
ton
t9
(18.5) 778 (12,ooo)

=1.37
(63.6) 60 (33,000)
_
0 =| 1+ C
15-4
132
TT8
c^ rr..1l"'
\PoJl
n = k = 1.17; 1
v3
vb
ln= 0.855
r80
P./P6:180120:9
v3
v6= ?2.38
-1I:
(a)
nu
=|+
uuu]
O.O3 - o.03 (9)o
,..
PD
rh
PD
0.75
2.14
o.9o [chart 4 tab le 3a]
: ftua or
'v
(b)
]11
PD
0u lb
v3
0.90
0.75
0.15
/ ft3
* o.15_ o.15 (91o'ss
0.90
Exemtsfrmthiqrnrl-tra\,L--__-^j,'^^lL-.:__}_'.â^.^.--f,j_+-:!_,'+:^-_-___^}^--.nfi'+-"iaff
tt;frinctrlotinnql
nllrnnssnnlvt^
rh /
PD =
0.15 t 2-14 = O'07 lb / ft3
(e\ fr, - tro = 1- o'07 = o.8o or 80 %

\v"
0.35
rha
(d) Power is directly proportional
to the mass flow rate
therefore, Power compares as in (c) above'
15-5
0 =o'7o
cyl
3" bore, 4" stroke, 800 rPm
49]
psia (chart 3)
= 138.8
2 qsoF
psia (chart 3)
fr2, / PD; 2a
'o4 ft3 / Ibm;
Table -2a @ 55 F / 52 psia

_
Qz = rh (i2 )
a
PD= Gl() 00) = 52.36
1728
ft3 / min
i __i = 46 Btu / tbm

iz = 112 Btu / lbm
(iz_,.,l
1z=Pt"
2a
or
15-6
#f4
(.'46)
2g26 Btu / min
912=139,560 Btu/hr = 11'6tons
R-22, assume suPerheat = 20 F

_.
--
__^fi+
L-.].
f^f tea1in nr instnlctina nurooses onlv to
303
Subcooling = 10 F
t.
130 F, te
(a)
45 F
3t
120 E
P 90
-3
\
'15-6 (Continued)
|1
tl:130-10=120F
i:iz:46
(b)
15-7
4\'d
35
Btu / lb
Q" = 144,000 Btu / hr (Fig. 15-7)
Wc
(c)
;.}
b*
te
14.8
32.5
kW = 50,498
Btu / hr
(Fig. 1 5-); W
13.3 kW
Refer to Fig ' 15-7 cP = 133,000 Btu/hr te= 47 F
l1
.'jL''L:^-.^_-^^+f^r-nrnfithasisfrtestinsorinstructional purposesonyto
304
Evapl a),( c)
t-
o
()
o
o
(d
(,
orator
15-8
b)
o(a)( c)
io
Design
Pointo
-o(
-c
o
o
o
13.7
co-
'
()
o(
Measured Operating
Points
Excerpts from this work may
students enrolled in courses
by Secions ]07 r ]08 f he 1976 United
his work
S*ewff#{&eff&Etrwib,gerugffi'"'^''n'''
only to
h permied
-305
Pe = 69
psia; te
30
(able A-4)
(a) he condensing temperature is still about
'1
'15
F, but the
evaporating temperature is low, about 30 to 31 F.
1_*=0.36
(b)
(q
(c)
lt appears that the evaporator is not loading the compressor.
_q) / a
305
or 36 % low
Check for proper air fow over evaporator. Fan speed may be
low or an obstruction exists.
15-9
Suction valve,
P:2
Discharge valve, P
'10
psia
= 4 psia
F S.H. in intake man. and cyl.
Piston clearance=5o'
1+C_. r"']"nl "
lz s
ssia
,-
sat R-22 ao'
450F
P=90.73psia
u=|
rPoJ.]
]
uo
Excrpts from this work may be reprodued by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
l
students enroled in ctlrses fnr whinh tL +__}L^^l'- L^^ L^^- ^j^_'
V3 = Vg at 45
vo
F;
vg = 0.604 ft3 / lbm (able -3a)
0.66 ft3 / lbm (Chart 4 at 55 F / 89 psia)
Pc=275+4= 279 psia;
Pb = 90.73
-2= 88.73 psia
n:1.16, C=0.05
(a)
(b)
ri'r
- ry, (PD) / v. :
(c)
16l /o o+\
(+\1/1
L "_v'v's&rcJ
o" =| 1+ O.O5 _ o.O5
(.838) 20 / 0.604
=!, W=*o",[[
*
1J9(ss.73)
0.16'
P.
.n-1
n
I
P)
.*
27.75|bmlmin N 0.2 kg /s
I
-11
]
l, 2'79 ,oi6
)l ' _.'
'|(8zs)
(144) (o .66) l (
0,466 ft - lbf
/lbm
0.80(33,00)
'
ou
x 31 kJ/kg
w _27.75(10,4666) _
'15-10 (a)
I
1
15-9 (cont inued)

=
0'e
.,l
=|l+ O.04
_ o.o4
1.1.0
'u'
Note: n average value
HP x
)'''o]
c>f
8.2 kW
*l
k assumed and 2 psi p res. loss
Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not_for-profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to
ctrr.lan+.
^--îr-
307
assumed in suction header and valve.

Tv = 0.90,
h =
(PD) u
lz
*p=zoo
19
ir
o6o
= 9'4 (.90) l 0'74
t"
'55
\l
I
I
60.oF
1.44 lbm / min
rh ='l
oor
tz6.
(53) 44 (o'77)
\ /L53/
-_1!l [']
(1'4_1) \ /
vl =
1'4_1
fr*
0m
9491 (11.44) / (0.9 x778)
QH=+Q=(155x60) +
3O,OOO
=94 91( ft _ lb / lbm
1t55
Btu / min
= 39,3ooBtu/hr
15-10 (Continued)
or qH
655 Btu / min
W23 =i2
9 = ia
(b)
-i3,
_i3i
iZ
=iZt
W = 133 +
i = 9 +iu =
j9491
778
_#+
11.44
=125.2Btu / bm
+125'2= 68 Btu / lbm
lteration is required
P3 will decrease with the lighter load but Pz is
(P3 / P2) t'n will be about the same
as part
also lower and
(a);
2 l 6 will be about constant. Then Tv : Constant.
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis
-+,,f,^-+-.-.---rl
flr testin r l'nstnlctina nlrnses
onlv to
308
However , 2= O.85 and rh
=
: (PD) l e
(9.4) 0.87 / 0.85
9.62 lbm / min.
oWW
W=
(1
9491 (48)(1 03) :

53 (0.77) 778
14.78 Btu / tbm
4.78) (9.62) (601 = 8530 Btu/hr;
Qn = 8530 + 24,000 = 32,530 Btuihr
Which assumes Ps I Pz is constant and 2 psi pres. loss in the

valve.
ie = iz
t w :83.5
14'78 --94'3 Btu / lbm
i =iz_ 9z = 111_24,000 / 9'62 (60) = 69'4 Btu / lbm
,,
(50) = 188
psia
18
Ps
41.9 .83.5 9 4.3
t
15-11
Reduced air flow reduces the load on the evaporator. Without

suction pressure control the evaporator pressure will decrease
until condensate will freeze and completely block the
evaporator air flow. Liquid refrigerant will return to the
purposes only to
xerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional
309
compressor and eventually cause the compressor suction

valve to fai.
lnstall an evaporator pressure regulator set to maintain a
15-12
pressure such that the temperature of the evaporator surface

will not decrease below the freezing point for water.
lnstall a suction pressure regulator on the compressor inlet.
15-'13
he regulator shoud be set to limit the suction pressure to a

level compatible with the compressor capacity.
15-14 (a) Using chart 2 with the construction shown,

the final temperature is 9 F
(b)
L=!=0.18s
'v
m - ( 20
or
i
18.5
15-15
o/o
vapor (Use chart 2)
tb ammonia/lb sol.
Using chart 2
X3
0.495; ts
125 F
28ooF
l8ooF
Tz7 l6TT-sia
0.25
.495
+
Excerpts from this rork may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for_profit basis for testing or instrutiona purposes only to
students enrolled in courses fbr whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trnslin of this work beond h nemilto)
by Sectins ]07 or ]08 fhe !Q76 [nifa'] Slnlo" r'^'.'-':'-'' ''
310
15-16
(coP)ma,
= :fd:
\ _ - /la
Tg(To _
Te=75
460
535
T^ =
'9 -
)'
R;
To
180
=]00
460
64OR;
460 = 560 R
(COP)ma x = 2.675
15-17
Refer to Chart 5 for saturated vapor at 10 mm hg.
Vapor must first be condensed to sat. liquid at

Q" = irs,
i'n =
'10 mm hg.
Table -1a;
164.8 Btu/lbmu for 1 lbm of vapor o 9. = 1064.8 Btu
at 50 F, P = 0.178 psia or
15-17 (continued)
P = 10 mm hg
Locate point I at x
Locate point s atx
=
=
0; P
= 10 mm hg
0.6 ; P = 10 mm hg
ffru=1;m.=5
ms5mv
mm6ms
E
lv = ;5- tS = i
ob
x 45'5
37.g
(depends on scale used)
(a) x = 0.50
(b)
Q, =
i, -
io =
-50
(-70) = 20 Btu / lbm of solution
Exerpts rom this work may be reproduced by instrutors for distribution on a not-fr-profit basis for testing or instrutional purposes only to
students enoled in ourses for which the textbook has been adopted. ny oher reproducion or rnslion of his rk beyond th pemed
by Sectins 07 or ]08 ofhe ]976 tnited Ss Canrioh ?r1!a!"^''a n'^ ' '
311
Qtot
: 1064.8
+ (6
x 20) = 1 ,184.8 Btu
lm
ib
70
\m-1
h9
0.5
0.6
0.8
Excerpts from this work may be reprodued by instrutors for distribution on a not_for_profit basis fo testing or instructional purposes only to
students enolled in ourses for whih the textbook has been adopted. ny other reproduction or trnsltion of his ork beyond th permited
b Sections ]07 or ]08 fhe ]976 [kitad Stntc nh1'';-L} ^l''':'1''' ' ''
311
ADDENDUM
to
Solutions Manua fr McQuiston, VAC 6e
Probem 6-10
For the floor, it is unlear what2 in. vertial edge insulation means (whether 2 in. is the
thikness of insulation or the depth of the edge insulated).
. The solution assumes that the insulation has R-value of 5.4 hr-ft2-oF/Btu and the
depth of the edge is 2 ft.
For the door, Table 5-8 in the 6th edition does not have U-value for the wood storm door
and there are three types of the wood door with 1 % in. thickness.
The solution assumes that the doors are panel doors with metal storm dor; hene,
its U-value is 0.28 But/hr-ft'-'F.
robem 7-9
The standard time zone for ottawa, ontario is astern Standard Time instead of Central
Standard Time.
The solution uses Eastern Standard Time.
Prblem 7-14
For the specified loatin, the sunset ours before 9:00 p.m. CDST on June 21.
The solution uses 8:0 p.m. CDST instad of 9:00 p.m.
Prblems 8-25 and 8-26

Both problems do not specifu the window orientation.
. The solutions assume the west-facing window for both prblems.
Tabte 8-20
Reommended radiative and convetive frations for solar heat gains should be revised
sine the 6th edition uses the SHGC values in the calulation of the (ombined) solar heat
gain for the RS methd.
Example 8-16
he example actually uses 90%/10% of radiative/onvetive split of the cmbined solar
heatgain. owever,thetext (page270) says 100%/0oforthetransmittedsolarheatgain

and 6301370 for the absorbed slar heat gain.
L--**-
312
Probems 8_25 and 8-26

The solutions for both problems use 90%11,0% for the combined solar heat gain.
Exampe
9_1
The alulation for this example should be
"
('111?2oi19.']!o:9
_ 22'606
(0.ssx70- 0)(1000)
(Changing 13 to24 and 122790 to 122606).

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SOLUTION MANUAL

(a) 98 Btu/(hr-ft-F) x1.7307 = 170 W/(m-K)

(a) 120 kPa x

x 0.1761 = 0.14 Btu/hr-ft2-F

(d) 10-6 N-s/m2 x

(e) 1200 kW x 3412 = 4.1 x 10-6 Btu/hr

P = 996 Pa 1.0 kPa

kw - hrs ( 0.045 ) $ / kw hr + ( 624 ) kw (11 50 ) $ / kw

+ $68 = $4,320 + $7,176 + $68 = $11,564

1-8 Determine present worth of savings using eq. 1-1

 = VA = 2 x 3.08 x 10-3 = 6.16 x 10-3m3/s

(0.3)2 = 7.07 x 10-2 m2

 = 7.07x10-2 x 4 = 0.283 m3 / s; = 1.255 kq/m3

 = 600 x 1 x 1 = 4.17 x 10-2 m3/s

11,200 = 5601.5 (t2-50); t2 = (11,200/5601.5) + 50 = 70 F

(73.5x80) + (46.7 x 50)

(a) Pv = r Ps = 0.45(3.17)kPa = 1.43 kPa or 0.45(0.435) = 0.196 psia

(a) English Units t = 80F; P = 14.696 psia;

i = 0.24t + W(1062.2 + 0.444t)

(b) English Units 32F, 14.696 psia

i = 0.24(32) + 0.00379 [1061.2 + 0.444(32)] = 11.76 Btu/lbma

(a) SI Units 27C; 101.325 kPa

i = 1.0t + W(2501.3 + 1.86t) kJ/kga

(b) SI Units 0.0C; 101.325 kPa

i = 0.0 + 0.00377 (2501.3 1.86 x 0.0) = 9.42 kJ/kga

(a) English Units 5000 ft elevation, P = 12.24 psia = 24.92 in.Hg

i = 0.24(80) + 0.0269 [1061.2 + 0.444(80)] = 48.7 Btu/lbma

(b) English Units t = 32 F, Pv = 0.089 psia ( Table A-1a)

i = 0.24(32) + 0.00456 [1061.2 + 0.444(32)] =12.58 Btu/lbma

(a) SI Units -27 C, 1500 m elevation

i = 27 + 0.0277 (2501.3 + 1.86 x 27) = 97.68 kJ/kga

(b) SI Units 0.0C; 1500m or 84.436 kPa

i = 0.0 + 0.00453 (2501.3 0.0 x 1.86) = 11.33 kJ / kga

English Units 70F, Pv = 0.363 psia

Pv = Pg = 0.75(0.363) = 0.272 psia

= 0.0117 lbmv / lbma

i = 0.24 (70) + 0.0117 [1061.2 + 0.444 (70)] = 29.58 Btu / lbma

i = 0.24(70) + 0.0141 [1061.2 + 0.444 (70)] = 32.20 Btu/ lbma

i = 1.0 t + W(2501.3 + 1.86t)

20C, 75% RH, 1525m

i = 20 + 0.0132(2501.3 + 1.86 x 20) = 53.51 kJ / kga

SI Units t = 22C ; 50% ; P = 100 kPa

 a = 5000 (0.0762) = 381 lbma / min = 22,860 lbma / hr

 a = 5000 (0.061) = 305 lbma / min

 a = 2.36 / 0.82 = 2.88 kga / s

 a = 2.36 / 0.985 = 2.40 kga / s

3-7 English Units t = 80F, 60% RH

t dp =(t sat at Pv ) 18.4 C

W 0.0071 kgv / kga (lbv / lba)

ASHRAE PSYCHROMETRIC CHART NO.1

AMERICAN S OCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS, INC.

HUMIDITY RATIO - POUN DS MOISTURE PER PO UND DRY AIR

ENTHALPY - BT U PER POUND OF DRY AIR

(a,b,d) Using the Properties option of PSYCH:

Using program PSYCH

t1 = 80 / 67 F; t2 = 55 F and sat.; assume std. barometer

also W1 = 0.6219 Pv1 / (P Pv1)

(b) P = 29.42 (0.0009 x 5000) = 24.92 in.Hg. or P = 12.24 psia

0.24(65 80) + (0.01613 x 1056.5)

Pv1 = 0.01265 x 12.24 / ( 0.6219 + 0.01265) = 0.244 psia

(a) Sea Level

(c) Note effect of barometric pressure.

HUMIDITY RATIO - POUN DS MOISTURE PER POUND DRY AIR

= VA = 2 x 3.08 x 10-3 = 6.16 x 10-3m3/s

= 7.07x10-2 x 4 = 0.283 m3 / s; = 1.255 kq/m3

= 600 x 1 x 1 = 4.17 x 10-2 m3/s

a = 5000 (0.0762) = 381 lbma / min = 22,860 lbma / hr

a = 5000 (0.061) = 305 lbma / min

a = 2.36 / 0.82 = 2.88 kga / s

a = 2.36 / 0.985 = 2.40 kga / s

q s = 63.95 (0.62) = 39.65 kW

q s = 203,317 (0.63) = 128,089. Btu/hr

a = 5000 x 0.072 x 60 = 21,600 lba/hr

a = 5000 x 0.057 x 60 = 17,100 lba/hr

3-23 Assume PB = 101.325 kPa; q = 0

w = 9132 (0.01 67 - 0.0032) = 123.3 lbw / hr

a1 = 2000(60) 12.66 = 9,479lba hr

a2 = 1000(60) 14.44 = 4,155lba hr

a (i1 - i2 ); i1 = 28.2; i2 = 21.5

a = 250,000 / (28.2 - 21.5) = 37,313 lba / hr

1(i3 -i1) =13,889 (32.8 18.6) = 197,224 Btu/hr

s = 200,000 /(38.7 24.0) = 13,605 lba/hr = m

0 = (1000 / 15 .2) x 60 = 3947 lba/hr