Chng 1 TNG QUAN V MNG DI NG CDMA

Chng1 TNG QUAN V MNG DI NG CDMA

1.1 Gii thiu chng
H thng CDMA c xy dng nhm chun b mt c s h tng di ng
chung c kh nng phc v cc dch v hin ti v c th nng cp ln h thng 3G
trong tng lai.
Chng ny s trnh by tng quan v mt h thng thng tin di ng v mng
di ng CDMA. c bit l tm hiu cu trc h thng, nguyn l v cc c tnh
ca CDMA: iu khin cng sut, dung lng, chuyn giao, vng ph.T rt
ra bng so snh gia mng thng tin di ng CDMA vi mng GSM nhm nu ln
cc u im ca mng CDMA.

1.2 Tng quan v h thng thng tin di ng

1.2.1 H thng thng tin di ng t ong
Ton b vng phc v ca h thng in thoi di ng t ong c chia thnh
nhiu vng phc v nh, gi l cc (cell), mi c mt trm gc qun l v c
iu khin bi tng i sao cho thu bao c th vn duy tr c cuc gi mt cch
lin tc khi di chuyn gia cc .

PSTN Mng
in thoi
cng cng

Trung tm
chuyn mch
in thoi di
ng 1

Trung tm
chuyn mch
in thoi di
ng 1

Hnh 1.1. H thng thng tin di ng t ong

Trong h thng in thoi di ng t ong th tn s m cc my di ng s

dng l khng c nh mt knh no m cc knh c xc nh nh knh bo
1

Chng 1 TNG QUAN V MNG DI NG CDMA

hiu v my di ng c ng b v tn s mt cch t ng. V vy cc k
nhau nn s dng tn s khc nhau cn cc cch xa hn l mt khong cch
nht nh c th ti s dng cng mt tn s . cho php cc my di ng c
th duy tr cuc gi lin tc trong khi di chuyn gia cc th tng i s iu khin
cc knh bo hiu hoc knh lu lng theo s di chuyn ca my di ng
chuyn i tn s ca my di ng thnh mt tn s thch hp mt cch t ng.

1.2.2 Qu trnh pht trin

Thng tin di ng ra i u tin vo cui nm 1940, khi n ch l h thng
thng tin di ng iu vn. n nay thng tin di ng tri qua nhiu th h. Th
h 1 l th h thng tin di ng tng t s dng cng ngh truy cp phn chia theo
tn s (FDMA-Frequency Division Multiple Access). Tip theo l th h 2 v hin
nay l th h 3 ang c trin khai mt s quc gia trn th gii.
Nm

81

M
Nm

81

M
CMTS

90

AMPS

AMPS

NAM
ETACS
PS

TACS

ETACS
GSM

TACS

CMTS
Chu u

NMT45
NMT45

Nht

NTT

Nht

NTT
PS POCSAG

NAMPS

2000
TDMDPDCH

90

2000

DPCCH

K
he
GSM
NMT900
#i
Kh
NMT900
CT-2
e
#1
NTT

IS-136
IS-95
IS-136 #14
CDMAKhe
IS-95

IS-54B

PCN
DEC
PCN
DKhe #0

CDMA

U
M
T
S

I
M
T
2
0
0
0
I

EC
PDC
PDC

JTACS
NTT
Mi

NJTACS

PHS

JTACS

NJTACS

PHS

P
P
L
M
T
S

Tkh
ERMES
S
=
FLEX
li
S POCSAG
ERMES
e
u
25
FLEX
Hnh 1.2. Qu trnh pht trin
ca
cc
h
thng
thng
tin di ng trn th gii
N
60
d
chi
ata
p,
bit
90
2
10
.2k
2000
bit
(k
Cuc gi gi

6)

Nm
n di ng trn th gii

Chng 1 TNG QUAN V MNG DI NG CDMA

Qu trnh pht trin ca cc h thng thng tin di ng trn th gii c th
hin trong hnh 1.2, n cho thy s pht trin ca h thng in thoi t ong
(CMTS-Cellular Mobile Telephone System) tin ti mt h thng chung ton cu
trong tng lai. Cc h thng ch ra trong hnh 1.2 l cc h thng di ng in
hnh.

1.3 H thng thng tin di ng CDMA

1.3.1 Cu trc h thng thng tin di ng CDMA
CDMA (Code Devision Multiple Access) l h thng di ng s s dng cng
ngh a truy cp theo m c cu trc h thng gm bn phn chnh sau:

My di ng MS (Mobile Station)
H thng trm gc BSS (Basic Station System)
H thng chuyn mch SS (Switching System)
Trung tm vn hnh, bo dng OMC (Operation and Maintenance Center)

SS
AuC

AUC

HLR

VLR
VLR

Cc mng
Cc
khcmng
khc
ISDN,
ISDN,
PSTN
PSTN

H thng chuyn
mch
EIR

MSC

GMSC

BSS

BSC

H thng trm
gc

OMC
H thng vn hnh v bo
dng

BTS

Truyn dn
Kt ni cuc gi

1.3.1.1 My di ng MS

SIM

MS

Hnh 1.3. Cu trc mng thng tin di ng

s

Chng 1 TNG QUAN V MNG DI NG CDMA

Mt my in thoi di ng gm hai thnh phn chnh: Thit b di ng hay
u cui l thit b tch hp cc khi mch chc nng nh: m ha, iu ch,
khuych idng thu tn hiu v tuyn v ti to li dng tn hiu ban u;
Module nhn thc thu bao SIM l mt Card thng minh dng nhn dng u
cui, mi SIM Card c mt m s nhn dng c nhn dng nhn thc thu bao.
1.3.1.2 H thng trm gc BSS
BSS kt ni my di ng vi MSC(Mobile Services Switching Center). Chu
trch nhim v vic pht v thu sng v tuyn. BSS chia lm hai phn:
+ Trm thu pht gc, BTS(Basic Transceiver Station): gm b thu pht v cc
anten s dng trong mi cell. Mt BTS thng c t v tr trung tm ca mt
cell. BTS m nhim chnh v cc chc nng v tuyn trong h thng.
+ B iu khin trm gc, BSC(Basic Station Controller): iu khin mt
nhm BTS v qun l ti nguyn v tuyn. BSC chu trch nhim iu khin vic
nhy tn, cc chc nng tng i v iu khin cc mc cng sut tn s v tuyn
ca BTS.
1.3.1.3 H thng chuyn mch SS
H thng chuyn mch SS chu trch nhim qun l thng tin gia ngi s
dng di ng n cc ngi s dng khc nh ngi s dng di ng , ngi s
dng ISDN(Integrated Service Digital Network), ngi s dng in thoi c
nhn cn bao gm cc c s d liu cn thit lu tr thng tin v thu bao.
Mt s cc n v chc nng trong SS gm:
+ Trung tm chuyn mch dch v di ng, MSC(Mobile services Switching
Center): y l thnh phn trung tm ca khi SS, thc hin cc chc nng chuyn
mch ca mng v cung cp kt ni n cc mng khc.
+ Thanh ghi nh v thng tr, HLR(Home Location Register): HLR c
xem l mt rt c s d liu quan trng lu tr cc thng tin v thu bao thuc vng

Chng 1 TNG QUAN V MNG DI NG CDMA

ph sng ca MSC. N cn lu tr v tr hin ti ca cc thu bao cng nh cc
dch v thu bao m ang c s dng
+ Thanh ghi nh v tm tr, VLR(Visitor Location Register): lu tr cc
thng tin cn thit cung cp dch v thu bao cho cc my di ng t xa n. Khi
mt thu bao nhp vo vng ph sng ca mt MSC mi, VLR s kt hp vi MSC
yu cu cc thng tin v thu bao ny t HLR tng ng, lc ny VLR s c
thng tin m bo cung cp dch v thu bao m khng cn hi li HLR mi ln
thit lp cuc gi.VLR lun i km vi mt MSC do vng phc v di s iu
khin ca MSC cng l vng di s iu khin ca VLR .
+ Trung tm nhn thc, AuC(Authentication Center): Thanh ghi AuC c
dng cho mc ch bo mt. N cung cp cc tham s cn thit cho chc nng nhn
thc v m ho. Cc tham s ny gip xc minh s nhn dng thu bao.
+ Thanh ghi nhn dng thit b, EIR(Equipment Identity Register): EIR cng
c dng cho mc ch bo mt. N l mt thanh ghi lu th cc thng tin v cc
thit b di ng.
+ Cng MSC, GMSC(Gate MSC): im kt ni gia hai mng. Cng MSC l
ni giao tip gia mng di ng v mng c nh. N chu trch nhim nh tuyn
cuc gi t mng c nh n mng di ng v ngc li.
1.3.1.4 Trung tm vn hnh bo dng OMC
OMC c kt ni n cc thnh phn khc nhau ca MSC v n BSC
iu khin v gim st h thng MSC. N cn chu trch nhim iu khin lu
lng ca BSS.
1.3.2 Nguyn l k thut mng CDMA
CDMA s dng k thut tri ph nn nhiu ngi s dng c th chim cng
knh v tuyn ng thi tin hnh cc cuc gi. Nhng ngi s dng ni trn
c phn bit ln nhau nh mt m c trng khng trng vi bt k ai. Knh v
tuyn c dng li mi cell trong ton mng, v nhng knh ny cng c

Chng 1 TNG QUAN V MNG DI NG CDMA

phn bit nhau nh m tri ph ngu nhin. Mt knh CDMA rng 1,23 MHz vi
hai di bin phng v 0,27 MHz, tng cng 1,77 MHz. CDMA dng m tri ph c
tc ct (chip rate) 1,2288 MHz. Dng d liu gc c m ho v iu ch tc
ct. Tc ny chnhl tc m u ra (m tri ph ngu nhin, PNPseudoNoise: gi tp m) ca my pht PN.
nn ph tr li dliu gc th my thu phi dng m tri ph PN chnh xc
nh khi tn hiu c x l my pht. Nu m PN my thu khc hoc khng
ng b vi m PN tng ng my pht th tin tc khng th thu nhn c.
Trong CDMA s tri ph tn hiu phn b nng lng tn hiu vo mt di
tn rt rng hn ph gc ca tn hiu gc. pha thu, ph ca tn hiu li c nn
tr li v ph ca tn hiu gc (xem hnh 1.4).
T/L

T
My pht dng m PN tri ph

Ph tn hiu
pht

Ph tin tc
Tri ph

f
Fc

0 1/T
T/L
My thu dng bn sao m PN nn ph

Fc+T/L
T

Ph tn hiu
thu c

Ph tin tc
Nn ph

fc

fc+T/L

0 1/T

Hnh 1.4. Ph trong qu trnh pht v thu CDMA

1.3.3 Cc c tnh ca CDMA

1.3.3.1 Tnh a dng ca phn tp
Trong h thng iu ch bng hp nh iu ch FM analog s dng trong h
thng in thoi t ong th h u tin th tnh a ng to nn nhiu fading
nghim trng. Tnh nghim trng ca vn fading a ng c gim i trong
iu ch CDMA bng rng v cc tn hiu qua cc ng khc nhau c thu nhn
6

Chng 1 TNG QUAN V MNG DI NG CDMA

mt cch c lp. Fading a ng khng th loi tr hon ton c v vi cc
hin tng fading a ng xy ra lin tc do b gii iu ch khng th x l
tn hiu thu mt cch c lp c.
1.3.3.2 iu khin cng sut CDMA
cc h thng thng tin di ng t ong CDMA, cc my di ng u pht
chung mt tn s cng mt thi gian nn chng gy nhiu ng knh vi nhau.
Cht lng truyn dn ca ng truyn v tuyn i vi tng ngi s dng trong
mi trng a ngi s dng ph thuc vo t s Eb/No, trong Eb l nng lng
bit cn No l mt tp m trng GAUS cng bao gm t tp mv tp m quy i
t my pht ca ngi s dng khc. m bo t s Eb/No khng i v ln hn
ngng yu cu cn iu khin cng sut ca cc my pht ca ngi s dng theo
khong cch ca n vi trm gc. Nu cc h thng FDMA v TDMA vic iu
khin cng sut khng nh hng n dung lng th h thng CDMA vic iu
khin cng sut l bt buc v iu khin cng sut phi nhanh nu khng dung
lng h thng s gim.
Dung lng ca h thng CDMA t gi tr cc i nu cng sut pht ca
my di ng c iu khin sao cho trm gc cng sut thu c l nh nhau
i tt c cc ngi s dng. iu khin cng sut c s dng cho ng ln
trnh hin tng gn xa v gim thiu nh hng ca nhiu ln dung lng h
thng. Ngoi vic gim hin tng gn xa, iu khin cng sut cn c s dng
lm gim hin tng che ti v duy tr cng sut pht trn mt ngi s dng,
cn thit m bo t s li bit mc cho trc mc ti thiu. Nh vy iu khin
cng sut cn gip phn no lm tng tui th pin ca my cm tay.
1.3.3.3 Cng sut pht thp
Vic gim t s Eb/No (tng ng vi t s tn hiu/nhiu) chp nhn c
khng ch lm tng dung lng h thng m cn lm gim cng sut pht yu cu
khc phc tp m v giao thoa. Vic gim ny ngha l gim cng sut pht yu
cu i vi my di ng. N lm gim gi thnh v cho php hot ng trong cc
vng rng ln hn vi cng sut thp khi so vi cc h thng analog hoc TDMA
7

Chng 1 TNG QUAN V MNG DI NG CDMA

c cng sut tng t. Hn na, vic gim cng sut pht yu cu s lm tng vng
phc v v lm gim s lng BTS yu cu khi so vi cc h thng khc.
Mt tin b ln hn ca vic iu khin cng sut trong h thng CDMA l
lm gim cng sut pht trung bnh. Trong a s trng hp th mi trng truyn
dn l thun li i vi CDMA. Trong cc h thng bng hp th cng sut pht cao
lun lun c yu cu khc phc fading to ra theo thi gian. Trong h thng
CDMA th cng sut trung bnh c th gim bi v cng sut yu cu ch pht i khi
c iu khin cng sut v cng sut pht ch tng khi c fading.
1.3.3.4 Dung lng
Vic phn tch dung lng ca cc h thng thng tin di ng phi da trn rt
nhiu cc thng s khc nhau. Thng s c gi tr nht l hiu sut s dng tn s
v tc bit chun ho cc i.
Cc h thng CDMA thng c coi l c dung lng cao hn so vi cc h
thng FDMA v TDMA v h thng ny h s ti s dng tn s bng 1, ngha l
cc trm gc cnh nhau c th s dng cng mt bng tn. Tuy nhin, nhiu giao
thoa ng knh l mt tr ngi cc mng CDMA, nhiu ny thng c gi l
nhiu giao thoa a thm nhp (MAI-Multiple Access Interfrence) hay nhiu giao
thoa a ngi s dng (MUI-Multiple User Interfrence).
1.3.3.5 B m - gii m thoi v tc s liu bin i
B m-gii m thoi h thng CDMA c thit k vi cc tc bin i 8
kb/s. B m-gii m thoi pha pht s ly mu tn hiu thoi to ra cc gi tn
hiu c m ho dng truyn ti b m-gii m thoi pha thu. B m-gii m
pha thu s gii m cc gi tn hiu thoi thu c thnh cc mu tn hiu thoi.
Hai b m-gii m thoi thng tin vi nhau 4 nc tc truyn dn l 9600
b/s, 4800 b/s, 2400 b/s, 1200 b/s, cc tc ny c chn theo iu kin hot ng
v theo bn tin hoc s liu. B m-gii m thoi bin i s dng ngng tng
thnh chn tc s liu. Ngng c iu khin theo cng ca tp m

Chng 1 TNG QUAN V MNG DI NG CDMA

nn v tc s liu s ch chuyn i thnh tc cao khi c tn hiu thoi vo.
Do , tp m nn b trit to ra s truyn dn thoi cht lng cao trong mi
trng tp m.
1.3.3.6 Chuyn giao (handoff) CDMA
cc h thng thng tin di ng t ong, chuyn giao xy ra khi trm di ng
ang lm cc th tc thm nhp mng hoc ang c cuc gi. Mc ch ca chuyn
giao l m bo cht lng truyn dn ng truyn khi mt trm di ng ri xa
trm gc ang phc v n. Khi , n phi chuyn lu lng sang mt trm gc
mi hay mt knh mi. CDMA tn ti hai loi chuyn giao l chuyn giao mm
(Soft Handoff) v chuyn giao cng (Hard Handoff)
+Chuyn giao gia cc hay chuyn giao mm (Soft Handoff).
+Chuyn giao gia cc on (Intersector) hay chuyn giao mm hn
(SofterHandoff).
+Chuyn giao cng gia h thng CDMA ny vi h thng CDMA khc.
+Chuyn giao cng gia h thng CDMA n h thng tng t.

BTSa

BTSb

BTSa

BTSa

BTSb

Chuyn giao mm
MS

Chuyn giao cng

BTSa

MS

MS

BTSb
MS

BTSa

BTSb
MS

Hnh 1.5. Chuyn giao mm v chuy giao cng trong CDMA

BTSb

Chng 1 TNG QUAN V MNG DI NG CDMA

1.3.3.7 Gi tr Eb/No thp (hay C/I) v chng li
Eb/No l t s nng lng trn mi bit i vi mt ph cng sut tp m,
l gi tr tiu chun so snh hiu sut ca phng php iu ch v m ho s.
Khi nim Eb/No tng t nh t s sng mang trn tp m ca phng php
FM tng t. Do rng knh bng tn rng c s dng m h thng CDMA
cung cp mt hiu sut v d m sa sai cao. Ni cch khc, th rng knh b
gii hn trong h thng iu ch s bng tn hp, ch cc m sa sai c hiu sut v
d thp l c php s dng sao cho gi tr Eb/No cao hn gi tr m CDMA
yu cu. M sa sai trc c s dng trong h thng CDMA cng vi gii iu
ch s hiu sut cao. C th tng dung lng v gim cng sut yu cu i vi
my pht nh gim Eb/No.
1.3.4 T chc cc cell trong mng CDMA
Cc cell trong mng di ng c minh ho theo kin trc a l nh hnh v
sau:
Vng PLMN

LA1

LA2
MSC

Vng MSC/VLR

VLR

LA3

LA
CELL

LA4

Cell

Hnh 1.6. Kin trc a l mng

Hnh 1.7. Phn vng phc v MSC thnh cc

vng nh v v cc cell
IV

III

VLR

VLR

MSC

MSC

VLR

VLR

MSC

MSC

II

PLMN

Hnh 1.8. Vng phc MSC/VLR

10

Chng 1 TNG QUAN V MNG DI NG CDMA

T ba hnh v trn ta c mt s khi nim sau v cch t chc cell trong mng
di ng t ong:
+ Cell tng ng vi vng ph sng ca mt trm BTS, c nhn dng bi
con s nhn dng cell.
+ Vng nh v LA tng ng vi vng ph sng ca mt nhm cc cell do
mt MSC/VLR qun l, c nhn dng bi con s nhn dng vng nh v LAI.
+Mt s cc LA nm di s kim sot ca mt MSC/VLR gi l vng
MSC/VLR.
+ Vng PLMN l vng c phc v bi mt nh iu hnh mng.
Cell l n v nh nht ca mng, cc cell thng c dng hnh tam gic u,
hnh vung v hnh lc gic. Trong cell c mt i v tuyn gc BTS lin lc v
tuyn vi tt c cc my thu bao di ng MS. Mng thng tin di ng s ngi ta
thit k cc cell theo dng hnh lc gic u. Nu bn knh ca mi cell l R, kiu
lc gic u m bo din tch n v ln nht v din tch vng chng ln nhau
nh nht. Do vy, mt vng c nh c phn chia cell theo kiu lc gic u s c
s trm gc nh nht nhiu ca cc knh ln cn s gim. Ta c bng cc loi cell
sau (bng 1.1)
Bng 1.1. So snh cc loi cell
Cu trc
cell

Bn
knh
cell

Tam gic
u

Hnh
vung

Lc gic
u

Khong cch
cc BTS gia
cc cell ln
cn

Din tch cell

n v
3 3R 2
4

=1.3

R2

R
3R

2R2
3 3R 2
2

11

Din tch chng ln

2
3 2
R =3.67R2

3
2

4(
=2.6

1) R 2 =2.28R2
2

3 2
R =1.09R2

3
2

S cell
ln cn
cc
i
3
4
6

Chng 1 TNG QUAN V MNG DI NG CDMA

Phn b dung lng v dng cell: Trong vng phuc v A dung lng thc t
phn b khng ng u gia cc mng v cc cell. Do , phn b lu lng
thch hp ta phi phn b li kch c ca cc mng mu, bn knh ca cc cell v
thay i cc trn thnh cc qut. Bn knh ca cc cell cng nh th vic phn
b lu lng cng tt. Khi s MS trong mt vng ln th ta chia cc cell vi kch c
nh mi cell cung cp vi s MS s gim xung hoc s dng cc anten di qut.
Nhng vng t MS th phn chia cc c bn knh ln, dng cc anten ng hng.

1.4 So snh h thng CDMA vi h thng s dng TDMA

1.4.1 Cc phng php a truy nhp
a truy nhp l phn chia ti nguyn thng tin mt cch hp l m bo
cho nhiu ngi s dng chia s v s dng h thng vi hiu sut cao. H thng
thng tin di ng s dng cc phng php a truy nhp sau (hnh 1.8):
tn s

tn s

tn s

thi gian

thi gian

thi gian

Hnh 1.8. Cc phng php a truy nhp

+ a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s (FDMA: Frequency Division Multiple

Access): phc v cc cuc gi theo cc tn s khc nhau. i vi h thng FDMA,
ngi dng c cp pht mt knh trong tp hp c trt t cc knh trong di tn
s.
+ a truy cp phn chia theo thi gian (Time Division Multiple Access TDMA): phc v cc cuc gi theo cc khe thi gian khc nhau. i vi h thng
TDMA mi thu bao c cp pht cho mt khe thi gian trong cu trc khung v
c dnh ring trong sut thi gian thoi.

12

Chng 1 TNG QUAN V MNG DI NG CDMA

+ a truy cp phn chia theo m (Code Division Multiple Access - CDMA):
phc v cc cuc gi theo cc chui m khc nhau. i vi h thng CDMA, tt c
ngi dng s s dng cng lc mt bng tn. Tn hiu truyn i s chim ton b
bng tn ca h thng. Tuy nhin, cc tn hiu ca mi ngi dng c phn bit
vi nhau bi cc chui m. Thng tin di ng CDMA s dng k thut tri ph cho
nn nhiu ngi s dng c th chim cng knh v tuyn ng thi tin hnh cc
cuc gi, m khng s gy nhiu ln nhau. Knh v tuyn CDMA c dng li
mi cell trong ton mng, v nhng knh ny cng c phn bit nhau nh m tri
ph gi ngu nhin PN.

1.4.2 So snh h thng CDMA v h thng thng tin di ng s dng

TDMA
T cu trc, cc c tnh CDMA v cc phng php a truy nhp ta rt ra
bng so snh gia h thng thng tin di ng CDMA v h thng thng tin di ng
s dng phng php a truy nhp TDMA.
Bng 1.2. So snh gia mng thng tin di ng ng CDMA v mng GSM
c tnh
Bng tn s dng
Di tn s
Knh s dng
Nhiu giao thoa
Cng sut pht

CDMA
1,23 MHz
-Hng ln: 824849 MHz
-Hng xung: 869894 MHz
Nhiu ngi s dng chung mt
knh
t b nh hng ca giao thoa
gia cc knh, nh hng giao
thoa ng knh
Thp gim nhiu cho h thng

GMS
200 kHz
-Hng ln: 890915 MHz
-Hng xung: 935960 MHz
Mt ngi s dng mt khe thi
gian ca mt knh
nh hng ca cc knh ln
cn

Pht cng sut ln khc phc

fading theo thi gian
iu khin cng Gim cng sut pht ca MS v Khng lm thay i dung lng
sut
nh hng n dung lng
ca h thng
Cht lng thoi
Tt hn
Thp hn
Dung lng
-iu khin dung lng linh hot - iu khin dung lng km
- Dung lng h thng ln
linh hot
-Khng c gii hn r rng v s -Dung lng thp
ngi s dng trong mt cell
- S ngi s dng trong mt
cell l c nh khi cc knh b
chim ht
Bo mt
C tnh bo mt cao hn nh m
Tnh bao mt thng tin thp

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Chng 1 TNG QUAN V MNG DI NG CDMA

Chuyn giao
Hiu sut s dng
tn s (h s ti s
dng tn s)

tri ph
Linh hot hn, c th la chn
cc cell
Cc BTS c th s dung li tn
s gn k

t linh hot
Cc Bts s dng lai theo khong
cch nht nh

1.5 Kt lun chng

Nhng khi nim trnh by trong chng ny lm r v cu trc chung v
cch t chc ca ca cc khi trong h thng. Vi cu trc mng nh vy, vic iu
hnh, khai thc v qun l cc thu bao s thun tin hn thng qua khi OMC. Cu
trc cell c phn chia ngy cng nh lm tng dung lng ca h thng, thun li
trong vic phn chia ti cho cc vng phc v, tit kim cng sut pht ca cc BTS
nng cao hiu qu ca h thng.
CDMA s dng k thut tri ph nn nhiu ngi s dng c th chim cng
knh v tuyn ng thi tin hnh cc cuc gi. Nhng ngi s dng ni trnc
phn bit ln nhau nh mt m c trng khng trng vi bt k ai. hiu r hn
v k thut tri ph s c trnh by trong chng 2.

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