Commercial Driver’s License Manat PROFESSIONAL DRIVER'S MANUAL, FOR CLASS A, B, AC. ‘COMMERCIAL DRIVER LICENSECommercial Driver's License Manual SKILLS TEST Al kilts ae Gone by appotntment only, you may cal any CO. testing alee to schedule an eppotntnnt retest, of-oad lets are included. Ifa lest alee the apicant mus, make ancterapgonterny se ‘second appainiment 3 * wil be made depending upon the eaveiy of thovelatone during ts lel woceore hed Party Testing 72.0 party testers 100% open lo the pubic. 20% of estes ae séninis.ced by thed party testers. Tied arty teers (00s r0: guste byte Stale Schoo! Bus Test ust ness Genera Knowledge, Passenger “eat and an § Endorsement Test mus! be compleedpa “esis anpicabie to cass of vehicle trough infor tsting, PROCEDURES a couse Renevial Every Four Years. Only*b endorsements reauie retest COL Learner's Ferme Must pase velon an csee-eqired writen este. Vai for sic months. Orly thre er vwthin a throeyoor pero, wale shall be granted License Fees ‘Applicaton fee . ese $25.00 eense (4 Years). . oo ‘$41.00 or Endorsement... SO $5.00 (CD. Learners Perit ‘$13.00 Hazardous Materiais Background check $100.00 ‘TESTING PROGRAM Knowledge Test Oees administering Test eontent Model test a authorized by Essex Corporation Group Testing ‘Sy appoliinent. Maximum 28 applicants Ourof-State COL Applicants Present val set's commercial driver eanse, Socal Secu Gard, and prea of Msisippl esidence, Pa epalicaton fe, endorsement fees (f any) and ieense foe, M Hedhatsedarsoment ol be are ote lestand submit fngerprnts for a federal background check. Nui besecanshed wih 30 a oe ‘applicant hes estabrahed reside een hasissipp. ‘Werdical Requirements (Intrastate CDL applicants) ‘Adopted Part 399 of FAICSR. EACATION RUL Same Federal minimum Met oto! Acjuceaton-AciistrativelCimins AdminiCommerc! Driver's License Marva! ‘COMMERCIA, DRIVERS LICENSE (NDE (iass A Any Combination of vehcies witha gross combination weight rating (GCWR) oF 26,001 pounds or more, provided the goss vice woight rejng (GVWR) of fe vedicie(S) boing towed is in excass of 10,000 pounds ‘iass f— Any Single vehicle with ross veblcle weight rating of 28,001 a.nd > more. Class C.-Ary Single voice witha gross vehicle weight ang of es than 25.001 pounds ‘A. Vehicles designed to transport sixteen or mare passengers, including the crver. B. Vehicles used in the transportation of hevardous materials which are recuied tobe prcaded Under the Hazardous Materials Transporation Act COWERCIAL DRIVERS {ICENSE ENDORSENENTS H.= Authorizes the diver to dive a vehicle transporting Hazardous Matorls ‘- Restits the criverfo vehicles nol equinped with ir bakes. 1 Authorizes erivng doubles and tripe talers P — Authorizes driving vehicles carrying passengers '¥-- Authorizes dtving Tank vehicles X~ Represents 2 cornination of hazardous materials and tan vehicles endorsements ‘3 Authorizes the driver to schoo! buses being operated forthe purpose et tanspering pup to {anc from school ero ¢chool elated ‘uncon.‘Commerciel Driver's License Manual LOCATIONS FOR CDL TESTS District 1 District -2 District -3 “Troop C— Rankin County Greemvie Nesbit 3158 Highway 468 420 Highway 82 West 159 Liooee Drive Peart, MS 38208 Greenville, MS $8701 Nesbit, MS. 38651 (601) 420-6342 (662) 332-4734 (662) 420-5564 District 4 District 5 District —6 New Albany Columbss-Lowndes Newton 4108 Bratton Road ‘7 Arie Read 523 Coliseum Drive New Abany, MS. 36052 Lowndes, MS_ 39701 Newton, WS" 36345 (662) 534-8819 (662) 327-1883 (601) 685-2676 Tupelo 1879 North Coley Road Tupelo, MS 98801 (661) 844-2408 District —7 District 8 Distict—9 Hatiesburg Bay Ssint Louis Brookhaven 36 Tatum Dive ‘3016 Longflow Road 160 Highwey 84 East Hatiesburg, MS 39401 Bay Saint Louis, MS 38520 _Brookhawer, MS 39001 (Gorsez.s8i4 (28467-8088 (coryessoa08 Natchez 724 Highway 61 Noth Natchez, MS. 39120 (601) 442-4979 rere is no set time limit for taking the wiitten test. To schecule a road Test go to mww.cdirdtest.dps.state.me.us(Commercial Driver's License Manaal Federal Motor Carrer Regulations Subpart D— Driver Disqualfiations and Penalties {5883.51 Disqualification of drivers, (2) General. (1) cover or older ofa COL whos aqua must not dive @ OMY. (2X2) An empioyer mest ot knowingly alow, eau, perm, or authorize a crivar wo is lsquliled to dive acy, (6X9) crore subject lsqualeation sanctions designated in paragraph () and cf tha section, f the Poder ofa COL drives a CNV or nor-CNV and ia convicted of he waitin (24) Determining fest and subsequent voktions. Fe purposes of dering fet and subsequent violations of the ofenses specie’ bis subpar, cach conviction for any ofa sad in Tabi hough & 1 this sectonresutng rom a saparat incident whotreroormitad ina CMV or noncCMV, must be Soon (2X6) Renstatement afer Itetinedcquatioton. A State may reinstate any ver dequaiid forte for ‘lenses described In parsraprs (91) trough (8) of tis secon Tabla to $389 33) ater 40 years that person hes voluntary enered and succesful completed an appopriaterehabltatonprgroon ‘spproved by te Sate. Any person who hasbeen rintatd in accordance wi his provsan oe wo is ‘subsequently convicted of a Gsqualfyng oflense described n peraprahs (3K) tough (OK) ote sochon (Tablet $385.57) must not be reinstated (©) Disqualification for major offenses. Table 110 $3831 contains elit ofthe offenses and period for which a diver mua be disqi, deporsing upon the type of vehi the divers opersngat ee tree of thevoation, ae flows: “Table 110536851 Soacsor | rarawat | Minto being we | comico a ena oa | imate, | pon ecko | Seca ce ‘it |Fonmat acre | tarsaredetet | reramcrd ccacenee Sore |SSSSE |reeeenesem |Sotenrcers! | Reaceetoerce roe | Benton, | womans | matos ros nario | Sa eer SRGRSAE™ | magento | reves | Reeermcscen | Soetsat | Sateen Sonnet |Ecihaa? Same |octramiimirts | meaedsies | Sse: sche Staton | eary |Poxeacoone | iemate | orucoctare Sees [PAWS | Rimontortw | esc ae Te 1 — be we Set” a 7 1 See Seren Sree [ie tree | sya un ue hewn eae er a oF oF roa: puna { ies tn | !aaa Pr Tan oi ones — Tea Pe ie a fora Ce (fae (Sas |S [SS ora SSrrswonta [rename | ucltten [mmr tee TT neste Disqualification for serious traffle violations, Table? to $1811 costin i ofthofese nd sit for which a rivers: be dagulied depending pan he pe of bil the dive isopentane of the volt, as fel Table? 4583.51(Commercial Driver's License Manual —— as pe] Series |gecsran” |Swaean | Savcwrosege | So |e Bie Sara a wa rae aa Sa fw wae Sar fs Sages war oa Ban ar cea id =a arn [Seat eras a a hooting oe Siemens aS — Po a mafouta COL nb aa ia | 1 ee as aes fas hae Seases Sacre ie * Any invidual who proves prootto the orfercoment author that issued the citation, by the dato the Indl must appear in our er pay any fie fer sucha vito, thal he inde Nd elt COL on the dete the coton wae lee, shal ot bo gully of bis oferse (c) Disqualification for rilroad-highway grade crossing offenses. Table 3 538351 contains 8 Isr the offenses an he perods for which a diver must be equaled. when tho aves speratig 6 CaMV altho te of he lation, se falows: “Table 910 $383.51 Taree aCommercial Driver's License Manual a aaa al Di Raa RTS Tear p= eae TET DERE wT ae ToT (¢) Disqualification for violating out-f-service orders. Table 'o $335: contains alistof the ‘fonsos and periods for which a crivr must be diaqualted when the cits patos GUY age te of ‘he vilaton, 2 flow Taleo gas f ate tegrgemscweee | BES Ss Sere re ae [See es ahora or Saeeeee. ees Sere (tes are‘Commercial Driver's License Manual Table Of Contents Introduction.......... Driving Safely. Transporting Cargo Safely. Transporting Passengers Safely. Air Brakes. Combination Vehicles... Doubles and Triples... Tank Vehicles... Hazardous Materials. School Bus.......... “ Pre-Trip Vehicle Inspection... Basic Vehicle Control Skills Test... On-Road DIiving econ so A\Soamareay overs ena dent Section 7 INTRODUGT ‘Thle Section Covers «Commercial Driver License Tests © Driver Disqualificatione + Other Safety Kules “Theres a federal surement that each sate have ‘meomur standard for he iersing of commer commercial dvr feerse (C2) This manuel des NOT provide riormoton on ai tre federal end stale requemorts neoded belore you can ve 8 ‘ommertia mele voile (CHV). You may Save to ‘contact your sts aver icensing auiharty fr ‘editona ifosmaon You musi have aCDt to operate: Any single vehide vin a rose vehicle weight fain (GVWR) 6125.00" pounds o mors ‘trate wih a G\W of move than 1000 pounds 1 the gross comtinetion eight rating (GOWR) fe 28,001 ponds orore, A vohice desigied to ianspoc 16 of more Dassenges (rating the crv). Any size veticle at Used Inthe tansportaion of any rsteral Yat requires hazardovs mates acarte or any qially of a mata listed sa @ Select agent or toon in 42 CFR 73. Federal ‘ations through the Department of Homeland ‘Secuily requve a” dockgraund. check and fingering’ for “the” Hazardous. Mls fendorserert. Comact your oes: deperien! oF iver essing for ore fforaaton (Your state may have adétional deine of ove) To get2 COL, yourust pass knoviedge and skits {este this menue wil help you pass the test, This mancal is noi a subst for © tuck crv toning clas 8 gogram Formal veining the most relabie way’ low the many speci sis Teavred Yor safely drving a large commerts) hice and becamng 2 D'otessonal driver inthe tecaing nasty Houre 1 Naps you ceternive Fyov need # COL, ean ae Do You Neos aol? See anon pooucie fraser SOIR pam 8 Capmany entate‘1.4 ~ Commersiol Driver License Yeets. ‘it = Knowledge Vests ‘You it ave totcke one or more kno ecg tee, pending on what caus o° eenge ono what endorsements you need. Tne COL knowege teats neue 1¢ general tnowledge tes, taken by a appleces Peter wane to akon by a but ‘The air brakes et, which you rust take if your venice has a Bakes, incuding wi ver hydrate brakes The combination voices tes, which & cequred I you want fo dive combnaton vehicles ‘Tho hazardous marae lst, requ Mf you want fo hal hazardeus mates or waste in mous that require placrding or any quantity of 3 material listo 96 a select agent o fen in 42 CER 7S. Ih ‘order 10 obiain Tis ondorsement you are also fouled ‘to paren Teweecimton Secunly ‘rminstvaton (TSA) backraune check, “The tanker test rquired yu want fo hau a guid aus gas Ina stemarenty mounted cargo tank Fated 2: 719 galore o more er a potable tank Fated at 1000 gab or mora Tha coubicfrpes ts required ¥ you want to pul soubie or rple rae The Schoo! Bust BS equi you want to drive sa sehoe! bus 14.2 ~ Skis Tests you pass the requires knowedge ess, you can {ake the CD. skit tests There ae twee hoes of Genera hls at wi 8 este pe-tip inspection. Basie vehicle coral and anos driving. You must lake These est nthe type of venile for which you wis to be leensed Prodcip Vehielo espection. Yu wi be tested to see ff you snow whether You: vehicle fsa 10 ‘hive. You vil bo iskod o do pro-ip mxpecton 1f your vehicle and explain fo the exainer whe You would inspect ard why {asic Velo Corio: You wil be tested on your sh to conte tha vehicle, You wil be 2etcd to move your vehice ‘erverd, Backus, ed lim tn 8 detned area Those areas may ba marc ‘ein Wels ‘ones, cones, barre, oF seal mis. The exainer wl tl you ow each coir tent fo be done ‘Onroad Test. You wi be tested 09 your si 0 solely evo your vehiow in a vara of wate Suations. Th stations may ine et ad rir lures, irlrsoctans, ralfoed crossings, curves. fn dou grades, single & mutviare roads See's, © Highways. ‘The examiner wit tes you were io ive, igure 1.2 dels wllch secions of tis manval yoU should study er each parieur clase ot leense and fr ea2 endorse. T1e He Pate fe ls : : x 3 % ‘Sludy seston SF you pan To opera vane easiopod win a trates Fave‘rar Bria nee Min, ee 4.2~ Driver Disqualificatione 1.2.4 Genera! You may nol sve a commercial motor vice i you are disque fr any reason 1.22 Aleohc! Leaving the Scone of an ccidon:, and Soramiesfon of » Felony Its aga to operate a 6°4V i your ble sleoha concentration BAC) ie 04% ‘or more. you operate a CMV, you shel be doomed to have ‘os your carseat soohol teeing ‘You wi ose your CD. for at least ono year for « ‘stortense Diving @ Chai your blood scaha: concentration 12.00% or hoher Driving & CMV under te inuenca of seco Refusing tounderg baod ales testing Driving 2 CMV ute under the iflence Of ‘onto evbetance, {Leaving the scons ofan acilent involving a CM. CComvaiting a ftony valving the use of 3 CV. You wil lose your CD- for atleast trae years if tha fence occurs wile you are operating « CMY that placa for nazatcave mateae You wi ose your COL for fe or 2 second offense You wil lose your Co te if you use 2 CMV to comm fon involving contaled substances, ‘You wil be put outof-sanice for 24 hours # you have ery dotecabie amount of eleanel under De 1.2.3~ Serious Traffic Violations ‘Serious tatfe violators are axcassve speeding (35 mph er rere abo the posted lit) rockens ‘evn, morspsr or erat lane charges, falling vehicle too closely, ard. waffe. ofences Commit in @ CV in donnecton ih fatal Wee You wit ose your GDL: For et lees 60 cays vou nave commited two seious Vac volatons witha 8 thee "ear peiod invovrgs CAV. For al least 120 days fer tree senous tetic Volatione wil a livee-yeer pei "rvoing & uv, 1.244 ~ Violation of CutorService Orders "You loge your DL: Fort least 90 devs Hf you hove conmiteg your {st vilaton ofan outotservce valstion order For atleast one yecr F you have commited to ‘.ta-servieevaiaion oars na ton year period or at leas toe years you have commited three or more outoheendoe Viaion oars 8 ‘enya sarod 1.28 ~ Rellroasshighway Grade Crossing Violations Yeu wei tose your CD! For at last 60 days for your rat vation, For atleast 120 days "or your seco vio within any tres-feor peice For atieast ore year fer your Lid Woaion wn ‘ny twee-year prod. ‘These violators include vation af afer, ate lca! aw or regulation pertaining Yo one one (otowng the oferses ats valroat hig ay gece oseing For covers who are not tequrad to always slop, ‘aling to siep oeiore reaching the crossing ithe ‘waces are rat coer Fer civers wo are not required to always sion. {aling to slow down ad check tal the rz 26 deat ofan approaching ain, For ervers whe are aba required to stop, fang tosion before diving ora ths ossing For ai dior fling to rave sufent space to dive. completely Svough ihe eroosing witout sopping For al divers fating to obey a rae contol device or the drechens ofan enforcement oficial at the Crosin, For ai crvers taing ‘© negotiate a crossing becats ofnsutcent undereariageolserance 1.2. Hazardous Wa‘erials Endorgement ‘ackcround Check and Disqualiications I you recto a hazardous mates endorsomert yoU willbe requited to aul your ingens and be eubjet te backround cack ‘You wit bc dave ot you willows your arardous meters endoeorsan ¥ you Are no iv ul permanant resiset of the Unted Sta, Renource you United Site elizenehp, ‘re vanied or under nstment fe cera eonsCamere rer nna ns Have a conviction in miiry & elian cout for otsinftoies Have Deen scjodeted es @ mens! detective or ‘commited tea mental ncuton, ‘Are covsiderec to pose 2 seculy teat x Geiornned by “the Transporation Socuity éminstaton The ackgreund check srocadures vary from julsdeton to juiadioion. Your licensing Soeroy Wil provid you wits lhe formation you nae 1 Complete the requred TSA’ background check procedures. 2.1 — Treb Vanicte The Motor Carer Safety Improvernent Act (CSIA) cf 1060 requires @ C2 holder to be Alsquatled ter operating @ corimerial toler ‘eho the COL holder ha booy convted of Crain ypes of movng volaton i Wer personal oni ic Violets in Your Personal If your leense to operate your pe'sone! vehicle. ‘revoked, cancelled suspended cust serous speeding Wolations yeu wil ose your COL for eres “angng tor 60 0 120 aye your license to operate your personal vehicles revoked, cancalled, 0 suporsed deo alcoho olatons, you wilose your COL for year you ‘recanvclec of a second alcoho earvion Ih your porsenal venice you wove your COL for ite your eanse te eperate you personal vehi revoced, career uspendes you may net (Gotan a hardship Yeonse to operate a CV 1.2 -Other CDL Rules “There are oor feral and sate rules that atect divers operating CVs i af sates. Among them You cent have mere than one ioense, $f you rock ths sla @ court may fe you up to $5,000 ‘rout you in jl and Keen your home sat loans 2 relun any hers, "Yeu mus! noily your employer wenn 30 oays of oration for any tate volatens (excep parting) ‘Ine 'e tue no matter wna. oe of vetele You were ering You rust" nodty your motor verile toensing agency within 30 days f you are conveted any her juisdeian of any Cais valaton (excent parking). This ie tue ro mater wat type of vehi youvere wring You must tty your enloyer your Heense is revoked, or cance, or # you 8 rom ering You musi give your emolye"infematon or tii jbs you ave held forthe past 10 yeors ‘Yous o's when you ply for commie cérvig job FNo ons can dive a commescial motor venice iho 8 COL, A our may tne yu up wo $8,000 {¢put you ina fo breaking there. if you have 2 hazardous materas encorsemert you must natty and sunender your hazardors Matelsis endorsement toe stata that essed your COL wenin 26 ous of ary convicton oF ‘ncketmant in any scion, clan oe mie, found ot gully By reason of wisaniy ot 3 Ssquatiying zine sted n «9 CHR 1872 10% whe 's adjudeatod cs 2 merisl doecive or commited to 9 menial Instuion as specs fy a0 CR "572.108, or who renounces he or ner U.S citzenenp; Yous emp oye: may not et you ve a commercial molr vehicle yeu ve more than ane leenen yov'e COL suspanded or revoked. A court ‘may fe the employer upto $8,000 or put hiner Inga “orbresiin ne rue, All staos are corneced to one computerized system 16 shave infomation soout COL eivers, “he staes wil cnoos on urves"acccent records fo be sure hat eivare 6o not have mons an one coe ‘Your stat ay have atonal es 0 obey. 2 you mustone Ee cen Me Section 2 DRIVING SAFELY Tide Section Covers * Vahicle Inopoction © Basic Control of Your Vehicle > Shitting Geare + Seeing + Communicating Space ianagement Controllirg; Your Speed Seeing Hazards Dictracted Driving Aggiossive DriversiRoad Rage Wight Driving rving in Fog Winier Driving Het Weather Driving Railrond-highway Crossings IMteantain Sriving Aniilock Avuking Sysieme * Skid Conirol and Recovery © Resident Hrecsducen + Fires * Alcohol, Stier Drugs, and Driving © Staying Alert and Fit to Drive © Hazardous tiateriols Rules This sadion conlaing knowledge and safe ceving Irformaton that at commereal crvers shod kaw. You must pass a test on his information fo et a CX. vhs secon dose rot have spect Iformetin on ai" Brakas, comsinaton ven cles outles, or passanger vehiles. When preparing for te Prep Inspection Test, you must review the matzial ‘Secton 11 in adclon to tho Informa inthis section. This secon does have basi intmaton on hazardous rete (vais) ‘hat all vers shou know. f you reea 8 Haat fendorsamen, you s.0ud sey Section 2.4~ Vehicle inspection 21.1 Why Inspect Safely f the most important reason you inspect yout vehice, ste for youre anc for afer road A wank éefet found dureg an inston could eve you problems ‘ter You ‘coud. haves [reakdown Gr tho "ose that mi? ost ie ene doters, o even verso, a crash caused by the detect Fedora and slate ls roaute tat evrsinspact ho valicles. Feceral ant sate inepecors soc nay inspect your vohicios they judge tha venice {0 be uno, they wi pu Kaul of seron” unt 1 foc 2.4.2 Typss of Vehicle nspection Protrip Inspection. A pe-up ‘aspacton wil hls you find probioms that could ceva crash or Breakdown During a Tp. For stey you shaue: ete gauges for sgrs of vous, Use your senses to chook for problems (ook, listen smal ol). Check otal tems when you scp: “Tees, wheels and rns Brakes Lights ond reflectors Brake and elecrieal connections to ales. ‘ral coupling devices, Carga seciremontdev ces, Aftertip Inapection and Repo. You shoud do {an efte~fip nspecion athe ond ofthe tp Sy, ‘our of day on each vehicle you operated. try Inctude ding outa vende conten report tng any robioms yo ed. The spect report haps motor camer know whan the vehice, rootsCamera Dr enn Maal 2.1.3- What to Look For Tie Problems “Too much oto ite a pressure. ‘Bt waar You nod a least 4/32-nch weed depth In-evey major groove on front tres. You need 2132 Ingh ot other tes. No fabre shou show tough the vend a sdewl tse ther damage, Tread separation. ‘Dual tes that came i eartact wth each other or ‘arse the vite Mesmatenes sae Raila and bas ply thos used tooter Cut orcrocked vata stems. Reprooved, recapped, oF reveaded tres on the front wnees ofa bus, These ae profited, ‘Wheel and Rim Problems ‘Bamacod rns Rust ound whedl ute may mean th nuts are loose-check ‘ighnoss. Aor ‘9 tho haa bean change, slop @ shor! while ler and re-oheck lighines of ut. Missing clamps, spscers, studs, or igs moans eros, Mismatcned, bent, or cracked look rings are angers. ‘Whoats oF rin that have had waiting repairs are rote Bad Brake Drume or Shoes ‘Cracked crus, ‘Shoos o” pods wih ol, ease, or brake Fuld an thom ‘Shows worn dangerously thin, missing, o broken. Stooring System Defects Missing nts, bot, cotter key, oF cer pat. Beri, ose, or broken pars, such ae stoking ‘column, stesing gearbox, oe ods. 'f power sieering quipped. check hoses, pumps, ‘and higlove: check for lake, Steering wheel pay of mora than 10 degrees (approxnatny 2 iehes movement at Ue rm of 8 2olinch steering whoo) can make hart soe. Figure 21 iustates a yplcalsterng system, ‘Suspension System Defects. The suspension systom folds up te vehi and Is load It koepe the axles in place. Therefor, broken suspension parts canbe extremely dangerous. Look fo ‘Rieion ova say ‘Spring hangers that alow movement of axe from ‘rope poston. Soe Figure 22. Cracked or bre spring hangers. Masing er broker leaves In ty Inf spring. one- {oxrtn oF more are missing, wil pul tho vehicle ‘out of ‘serica, but any defect coud be dangerous Soe Figure 23, Broken laves in 3 muleat sping o leaves that have sift so thoy might a reo ther pat. Leaking shook absorber, Torque od oF arm, U:bots, sping hangers, or ctner axle postoning pare thal are cracked, amaged, or missing ‘Ar suspention systems that are damaged andor leaking” So Figure 2. ‘ny loose, cracked, broken, or missing fame ‘momber. ————_—— STEERING SYSTEM Figure TT EST EESAFETY DEFECT: BROKEN LEAF iN SPRING ‘Broken Leet Figures Exhaust System Defects. A broken exhaust sysem can et poison fumes nto the ea oF ‘leper berth. Look fr Loose, broken, or miscing exhaust pipes, mutters, taipipes, or vera stcke {oose, broker, or misting mouning brackets, amps, bats, or ma. Exhaust system parts rung agains ue system pal, tres, or ether moving prt of vehi. Exnaust sytem parte tat are leasing, Emergency Equipment. Vehicles must bo ‘ulpped wth emergency equipment Look fo: Fre extinguisher) Sie Seat nes nes uopen win cr ‘Warning devices for parked vehicles (fr exemple, three reecve warning ving) (Cargo (Trucks). You must make sure the tuck s ‘ot overoaded and the cargo le balanced and ‘tecured before ach tip. the. cargo eonains ‘hazardous mater, you must inspect for proper Dapers an pacaring 2.1.4~ CDI Prestip Vehicle Inspection Test In order to obtain 2. COL you wl be required 10 oss a pre-ip vehicle inspection test. You wil be tested (© s00 f you know whether your veticle Is safe to tive. You wll|be abked to do a prep Inspecton ‘of your vehile and expiain to the fexaminer what you would ‘napect ard why, Tre folowing sevenatep iepecton method shal be ast {Be Bn BRore Sie Lana aah 2.1.8~ Sever-step inspection Method ethod of Inspection. You should do a pte trip Inspection tha seme way each tine so_you wh fim all te slope and’ ba less ely fost something. ‘Approscting the Yehlee. Notice general ‘oreon. Look for damage or vente leaning fo ‘m8 se. Look under the vee or rea of Coolant, greaso, oF ie’ ‘este, Cheek the ares around. the. vehi. for eras to. vehicle ‘movemen! (people, ether veces, objec, iow. hanging cos ibs, et) Vice Inspection Cuice Step 1: Vehicle Overviow Review Last Vehicle nepaction Report Devers rey have io make 9 vehice ingpacton rezot in writing each day. "he moter ater rust cepa any Tensin he ‘epor that sft aoety and early oh the repot that ropars wore made or wore Unnecessary. You must sgn the report ony It Sofets wail vole ng corbed f Be reparas of ot nodes to be repre 5109: Check Engine Compartment check iat the Peeking Brakes Are On arélor Whoe's Chockeo. You may have to rales the ‘noo, tk the cab (sacure loose rings 80 tay dort fala treak someting), or open the eine cormariment doar Check tho faiowing Engine aleve [Coolant oven ralator:conetion of hoses, ower steering uid iva Pose onan (¢ 80 cacipped) Wirshité ester Puls ove Btlry fd evel consactons, and tia downs (cattry my be ecatos eownere), ‘Aslomate Varsmission Tate level (may requre feng tobe runing). Chock bots for Ughicess and exceesie wear (Giesnater, water pump, ar comoreseor}4oarn hor: much “pve. the ats sheul hove when adler igh anc chock each ove \enis n ence compartment (ul, coolant. i, poser sterng fil, hydra fi, batory fe) Erackee, or electra weg nsaton, loner and sacwre hood, arb, oF engine comporinen oor fart Engine ane neyec!insioe te Cot Go’ mand Start Engine Make sue parking brake son Putgearenitn noua or“parit Stat engine; stn for unusual noes Ui eauippad, check the Antiock Braking Sysiem (ABS) ideatr prs. Light on dash shoud come fon and thon tum oft stays onthe ABS fn ‘worting propaty. er rater ony, tthe yon {Gh onthe le rear of the Valer slays on the ABS iSrot worsing repel tomate) Look atihe Gauges (1 pressure, Shou come up to navmal shin seconde after engine's tated. See “igure 2 8 A pressure. Prose shovid bul rot 5 vo 00 pln 3 minutes. Bus ae prossure to govern uot (isualy around 120 "60 pa. Know your ‘erines vagina Ammeter andor votmeter. Shouls be fy oxtral ‘ag0() Coolant temperature. Shoulé begin gedual re fo noroal eperaing range. roine ot teperatre. Sdeuc begin gradual rise to normal operating range Warn ights and suzrer, Oi, coca, charging cereul arning. and antiock bke sysion bh shoul go ort any. chock Condtion of Contais. Check al of the fotowing for looseness, 'steking, damage. Improper sting: Stoorng wheel tes Accelerator (gs peda. Brake conwas root brake, Tales brake (1 vole nas one), Parke exe Rolards conte vehlce nas ther). “ransmission convo Intermsecfre tack (vate has oe). Home). Wires wiperbeashr. pis stig. Dimmer eter, sa Four-way sosers Parking, clarence, dentfeston, maker stone) 8859 re ‘Fetee- Onna wayOIL PRESSURE ‘ding §-20P1 * Operating 35-75 PSI “+ Low, Dropping, Fluctuating: ‘STOP INGMEDIATELY! Without oi the engine can be destroyed rapity Figures Check Mirors and Windshisld. Inepect mtrors ‘and winded for track drt Hoga sicker. of ‘ther cbatutions 1 seeing clesry. Clean and ‘sas os neoossay ‘check Emergency Equipment Check or safety equbrent: > Spare electrical uses (unless vebicle has out breakers) > Tivee ed refeciv tangles. > Proper charged and rate fr extinguisher (Check for opionl Hens such a > Chain (uhere winter condtions require), > Tire changing equpment. List of emergency pene numbers. ‘cident poring kpc. Stop 4: Turn Off Engine and Check Lights Make sure the parkirg brake Is set. tar ff the ‘engin, and ‘oko the Key wih you. Tum on hoadights ow beams) and ourway emergency ‘lssners, and got outa the vehige, ‘Stop 5: Do Walkaround Inspection ‘aan a Sata (0 to front of vehicle and check tht ow beams ‘re on and both of the Tourway fashers are ‘worn. sh dimmer such end check that high beams wore Tum off headlghts ond fourway emergency fastens Tum on. parking, cleeance, sidemarker, and ‘Gente he Tum on rght tur signal, and start walk-eround Inspection, oneral ‘Waaround and inspect lean al igh, fotos, and past ww you 90 song. Lett Front side Driver's door das should bo cea. ‘oo latches or oc shel work propery et ont weet > Condon of whee and r-missing, bent, broken stds, lamps, kgs, orary signs of imsalignment. Condon of res-propety infitd,vave stem and ca OK, no serious es, Bulges, or tread wo 1 Uso ranch to test rustsveakid lug nuts Indicating looseness > Hubol lve! OK na look, Latent sup, > and ct ng. sping nz, sacs, > Sho tote condo. Len ot rat, Condon af broke drum ort, 5 Conan of hoses. Front Condon of font sxe. (Conan o storing sytem, > Nooose, wo, bent damaged or missing pars, 1» Mist ra storing mechani test for looseness, Condon of wind,Covers Divers Lewnee as Chock or damage ane aan € ty F Gheck wild moe ame for aroper sping tension. 1+ Chock wpe dace fo demage, “ste rber, find securemens. otis and efector, 1+ Pasting lcrance, an idetferton tit giean. operating, a proper col: fama et 1+ Refit: cean and oper colt (aber a Font 5+ Right oat um signal Loh lea, operating, 2nd prope col. (ember write osha ‘acing orws), igh Bie Fight ont check hems as done on ef fort. Primary ano secondary safety cab locks engaged (leaboverengine design, Rightful ork), 1 Secwe'y nouns, not damaged, oreo, oe erossove ne coco > Tanke) contain encugh Ral D canis) on and secure Condon of vibe ports 7 Rone of engine-notoaking, 2 rarseission-no lenin, 2 exhaust systemesecure,hollesking. nt {ouching ies, fos, oF sir une 1+ Frame and eoss members-no bends or cracks, 1+ rings and eloctieal wiing-secured against Sagging big, wearng, Spare 0 carer or rack ni damaged (20 eeulpped) 1» Share te andlor vhee securely mountedin rack 2 Spare ke ans whee! adequate (poze: size, ioperiy ted), Cargo securoment rks) 1+ Cargo properly Bock, recog ed, chaned, et 1+ Heacerboare adequate, secur i reqs) > Sido sosrés, sixes strong enough. ras of amage, propery sein place (fe eaulpned} > Canvas or tr i aque) property secre ‘opreven isang, blowing, of Vocking of > tfoversae, at eosted sigs (fags, ams, ardrefecars) safely ad properly mounts ‘ad a routed permis nese" possession 1 Girbnie coroo compertmens doors in god conan, eeawoly closed, atcha ecked and reuied secuity sean place, Fight esr Condition of wees and rme-no missing, bent er broken epecers, studs, clamps 0 Ug Condi of tiee-propety ‘nied, wave stems ‘and caps OK, no sarous cus, ges, 708d wer, res not mbbing each olner, end nothing sick bemoan thers ‘Ties same (ype, 6, not mixed “rea aveiy mated (same sizes). Whoa! dearnpieeas nt laking, Suspension ia) and bins 7 Conor of srngs), sping hangers shaotls, ane u bots 1 Axleceewe 5 ox eer alos) not leaking lube (ges oF) 2 Conction af travers arme, butings, Conciton of sock absorseys) 1 Trevactatie one euippes, choc condtion of mechani. War powered, check for feats. 1 Condon of a ee components. Brakes, 2 Brake eaustnent © Conction af brake drum(s) dec Cancion of hases ook fr any wear du to bb phi end retectors 1 Side-marker ight clean, erating. and roper color fed ater here ame) 1+ Sidormarkerretotore lean and rope” cle (God treo, others amber). “Be = BR ee Benen onarysrl rh ee eat hts ano rtsctra 1» Rear clearance and idenfeator Ions lea, ‘parang, and proper enor 6 at reat. 1 Reoctrs clean ane proper coor (ea reas) 1 Talights clean, operating, nd proper color (00 tres. 1» Rightreer um signi operating, ard proper color, voles or amber eter). conse pats) patent. clean and secures. Splash guerds. presen, rot damaged, propery {astened not dagging on ground, or"uabing ees (Cargo secure (tues). Garg propor elcctec, rsoed, Ne, chained, eo “allca ds up an propor cocoa End gates foe of damage, prosery secured in stoke forks Canvas ctap (# requed) propery secured to provent tearing, bilowing, 0: blocking of eer the ‘earvow mor orearights TPoverdongt or vera meke sure al signs andlor wdeiaral Igitallagr are eafaly and ropety mounted and al requked permis ara In ‘vers possession Rear door securely closed, atchedtockes Lott Se Cheek al tem done on ng i, pus % Bateryes) (Fnat mounted in engine comparimort 1 Battery box(es) secur'y mounted to vic, 2 Box has seve cover Batteries) secured against mevement. Batteries) nt broken or eaking. 1 luc tbat) at propor evel (xcant rmahtonance te pe) Cail caps presen and sscuraytghtanes (Gxceot maintenancaea pe) 1» Vents in cel caps ree of for material (excopt rma tonancesten Ye}, ‘90 8: Check Signa Light Gee and Tum OF Lighie ‘Tum of a igh ‘Tum en stop Iigis (aply trate hand hve a heer put on the sake pecs). Temen ef signal ie Get Ge end Check Lions of front tun signal ght ele proper ser fa er whe on cig fro. Let ar tn sgn ight ane bot stop ght cles, operating, and prope cio (ed yelow, or abe) operating ad Gat in Venice ue olf Fes not need or ving. CCheck fo" ai required papers, trp mantests, permis, Secure al oose aries cab (hey might interfere ‘ath operation ofthe conta a hit you n'a res). Sta the engine Stop 7 Start the Engine and Chack Teoet for Hydvaulic Lette. H he vehicle hos heave Srakespunp tne brake posal twee times. Thon apely fen pressure to he pel and hoi fer fve secotés. The pedal shoul not move IH does, thre tay be a lask or che problem, Get I fhted bets Wing, tha vahile hab oe brakes, do he checks described in Sections © an Bolte manual, Brake System Test Perkirg ches) ‘Set parking rake (power unt ony Release baie paring brake (f spoteabe), Place vehi i a ow gee, Genty pul frvard agaist parking bake to meke sure the parking brake hole Repeat the same slaps forthe taller with reser parking brake st and power un persng brates ‘eeaced (i apaeabe). Hit doesnt hold ven, i fauty: gett ee “Se BR akan = Oeeonrla r' icnne ana te Service Brake Stopping Action (G0 ous fve mies per hour Push bake pedal my “Pallrg 10 870 side tthe oer eon mesn Sroke true ‘Ary utusualbreke pedal “foe delayed etooping ‘scton can man rou 1 you tnd anything unesfe dutng the pre-e inspecion, gett "ed. Federal and Sate we Toric caerating an unsafe veil. 24.8 Inspection During @ Trio [cheek Vehlete Operon Reguirly You shouts check: Instruments, Air preter gauge (Fyou have air brakes), Temperature gouges, Pressure gauges. ‘Arwrtervotiete. Marae Cargo. cargo coves ligt. Ee \¥ you s00, hes, smal or feet anything tet might ran touble, check ext Safety speetion Drivers of tucks and wack "acors wen varsoovirgeaton must inspect te Socurerort of the carg within the frst 80 mie of tip ard every 780 mies or every twee haus (wmenever corns at) eer 2.1.7 Attertrip inspection and Revort You mey have to make ewitn report each day ‘onthe cndlon ofthe vehicts) you Grove. Report anything aToctng 3st or posi laodng to ‘mechaneal breakdown, Se Subsection 21 Feet Your Keewledge The veils inspection report les heroic cat about oelems nat may need lng. Keo 800 of yor eapot nie vohisie fer ore cay Tha ay the nox grvar ean las about ary probleme you have fous 1%. What is the mest impeian reson foe doing vance nepeeton? What things shous you check during @ [Name some kay steering sytem prs Name some suspanson systom defects ‘Wat thee kinds of emergency equipment ust you Nave? ‘Wats the mirinum te hoe? For thas tas? 7. Namie same thnge you shoul check on the hort” af your vehicle curing the map os 14 depth oe nt ©. Wat “shoul whee! bearng seals 20 checked ter? 9. Sow many red refiecve tangles shows youeary? 10. How co you tect hyérauie brakes for 11. Why put the starter exiich key iy your pocket dug he pip nepocin? ‘These cuestions may be on your fest you cart onswer em al, ravens subeecion 21 ee 2.2 'Sasie Control of Your Vehicle To dive a vehice safely, yeu must bo abla to conta ts spaed and arocion. Safe cneraion of @ ‘commerci’ veil rogues si i Accelerating Stoving Stooping, Backing afl Fasten you seat wher onthe read. Apply the Parking brake when you leave your vile, 2.2.4 Accalerating Dont ral ack wien you stan, You mey ‘it someore behind you. if yeu rave a. narxal lranemssion vehi, party engage tne ‘cuich befove you ska your “gh oct of ho ake. Put on the paring brote whenever saeateory to keop ‘rom rong beck. Release the paring brace ey when you have zppled enough engine powe: to keep from rong. back. On a. Heciesroee cculpoed ita Wes brcke hans vale, the hand vave can be apaled to keop kom rang back ‘Spaed up smootty ano gracusly so the venice oes not for Rough Pesseraton con ‘eaurs aErechancal damage. When pling @ traer, ugh sccetraton can camage the eur ‘Soo0d us very gaualy when roction 6 poet, 88 Ir vain oF anon I you Uee to Tey pone, te Give wseals ay spin You casa lase cont the ave wheels Sepia to sn, tae your foto 2.2.2 Swering Hold the #eerrg wie! fy wih bth han, Yaurenes shout be on opponte ss of te hee! Ifyou hit a curb or a ponte (onccn). me whol ous pal vey Rom your hans urea youhave afm Roe 2.2.3- Stopping if brake pressure you need to slop the vehige wl epond o7 the spood ef the vehise. and how ‘lek you nese To slop. Conta the pressure so tha vanile comes lo 2 seat, sale stop. you have a manual fanemieson, push the chat ‘when he wigine tone to a, 224~ Backing Safely Because jou cannot sae everything behind your vehi,” Backing "s ateaye dangerous. Avo Decking tenaver you can When you park. ty to ark 20 yos wil be ab to pul foward when yor feave. Wren you have to back, rere are = ew Sige stay es ‘Stari the prope pesiion ook at you pan ‘Ute kor or Bah se, Back sow, Back and lim toward the divers side whenever possible Ute helper whenever possbe, ‘Thees ries are diacussed in tun below Star In the Proper Position. Put the vehie 9 ‘ha bost postion to alow you to back safey. THs postion wi Cepend on tne ype of backeg to be Look si Your Path, Look at your line of trav! before you begin Get out and” walk acund ‘he ‘tice. Canoe vocr elearanes tothe eidea end ‘overhead, » and near tye pa your vente tee Use atirors or Both Sides. Check the ovtke rirors o- bon sides eqoenty, Get lt of he Vohile ard check your pat you ae unsure. ‘ack Slow’ Ahaye back ae slowiy ss posite se tie lovest reverse goar, That Way you can ‘mote easly corect sry stewing eros. You aso Can siop eucky I rocessary. Back atc Yum Towerd se Ditve's Sie, Back tothe cnvers ise ao you can see tater Sack g toward th raht side le very dargerauhoeaiee yo ean" see a8 wa you back and tir toward ‘Be drivers sda, you can waten the res of your vebice by loki butte sco winsow Use ewer Side Saccing-even Wt mean gorg around the Dock to. put your vehige In iis positon, The sad safety sor ‘in spats you cant eo, That ay @ helt 'S inporant. The helper shoud stand near te back of your vehicle where ya’ can soe the helper. Before you beg sacking. ware cut 3 et of hans ‘Sgrale that you balh understand. Aeroe oF 3 ‘gpa! for"stop 2.2~ Shitting Gears Covet siting of goa is knprlat. # you can't {el your vote info the ght gear wile dang, you witnave ess curt, 2.3.4~ Manvel Tranerissions Basie Kethed for Shitisg Up. Most heavy ‘chiles wih mansal wansmissions rege couble Cuiznng w chonge goats, Ths "= the base metros Relesse sccelerat, push In cuch aad shit 10 nevrl ate eame tine, Release cuten, Lot engine and gears sow down to the rm requres or the ren gear (th aces practic). Push ta ten and shit the nigher gear atthe same tna, FReease dutch and press secleste al the sao Siting goars using double cutting venures prsetee. you cers to ong in net, you may eve uttieuty puting tho velo fo the nox! 22% If 60, don by fo force k. Retiro nev, folease cu. nctaso engine spend to malch ‘oad speed, are ty ag2m “Beebo ig 8 Faseee Knowing Wiven ‘0 Sill Up. There ae twa ways cofteeneng whan ost Use Engice Speed (rpm). Sty the dtvers tranual fer your vetice and lam the operating ‘am range. Watch your tachometer, and shit cp ‘than your engina feachos the top of the rape (Sore newer vohices use “pogresie” ehtng the épm et wich you shit becomes gher a8 you ‘move up nthe gers ire out whet righ fre vehi you wi operate) Use Road Speed (mp). Learn what speeds each {gear i good or Thon, by ustg the specdomece, Youll know siento shit Wath eter method, you may leer to use engine sounds a know whan to sft ‘asic Procedures for Skting Down Release accelerator, push i chich, and shit to rnouusl atthe same time. Release cht, Press accelerate, increase engine and gear speed tothe rpm required tho ‘ove: geo Push Mclitch and sh to lower pear atthe same Flease eich and press accelerator athe seme Dounshiting, tke upshitins, requires trawing when to sn. Use either the tactometer or te Speedorete” and downshit al the itt rn or "ead spees, Seca conctions where you should downs Before Starting down a Hk Sow down and shit ‘down i a spood tat You ean contre! witout using the brakes ‘hard. Others the brakes can ‘overheat and ose thelr raking power. Downs botore stating dow: te hil. Make sure you ate in # tow encugh gear, usualy lowe" thas the goa gated to cmb the same DDefore Eniering a Curve. Siow down to safe speed. anc downshift Io the 7oht gear beore hte te curva. This lets you une Eome power tieough the curve te help the vehicle be. mre whic tring. aig aie you to speed 8 001 ae you a8 ol ol he ve, 2.2.2—iuttrspood Rear Axles ent susilary Transmissions Mult-speed a> sand austiary ransmesans ae used an neryvehicloe fo prove exe goo ‘You uevelly contol them by a selector knob oF ‘wich cn’ the ‘gearshat lever ofthe. man Transmission. Thro. sre many. deterent s¥f patore. Learn the ght way To 8h" gears in he ‘once you wal dive 2.3.3 futensatie Transmiesione ‘Some vehicles have utorsic ransmiasons. You can seec alow vange lo get greter enone braking wmen ging down grades. The Tower ‘anges prevent the transmission trom ening up ‘yor fe setecas geo (ures tha govern “pm Is exceeded). N's very imperlar to use Dis braking efloct wen going downgrades 28.4 Retardors Some venisles have retarde” Retaruers nlp slow 2 veh, rediing the need ¥0. us your Drakes. Shoy reduce ake weer and give you ‘nother wey to slow down. Thee are fur bese Iypes ef retaréers (exhaust engine, hyabue, and "ct. Mi relarare ean be tured on cy the driver On some vehi Ie flaring power ‘can be agusted When tured ‘on, reta.cers epy ther braking power (othe deve whesle any) whenaver you let up On the scelerator pods! a the way. Becoute these devices ca be noay, be sure you ron were their use peri. Ceution, When you deve whee's ave poor Itzctin, tho retaer may cause tham to she Thertere, you souls tum. tse rtorder whenever th oad i we, iy, or an covered ere Subsections 2.2 a6 23 Tost Your Krowlecge Why should you heck toward the ever ‘ice? stopped on a hil, Now ean vou str moving watout reting back? When becking. why 8 important to uae 8 heper? 4. Wits he most important hand signa hat you ane tie neber should apr on? 5. What are he to specal concions vhere yousreud doonenit? “Se Bn BR8. Won should yeu donne. automatic earamissone? 7. Retarders keep you ftom skiing when the road's slippery. Tre o False? 8 What are the two way to know when to sw ‘Those questions may be cn the tot. you cant answer them al r6ead subsections 22 and 23. 24 Seeing Tobe a safe diver you need to know whats going ‘on ll around your vehi, Noticokng oped Is 8 ‘major eause of accldo, 24.1 ~ Seaing Ahead [Al divers look aha but many dort look far ‘ugh ahead. Importance of Looking Far Enough Ahead. Because slopping or changing anes can take aot Cf dstance, knowing what the tafe f lng on all sides of you is very impotant. You need fo look well ahead fo make sure You have room Yo mak these moves safoy How Far Ahead to Look. Most good cers look ‘at least 12 to 15 seconds ahead. That means looking ahead the dstance you wil ravel in 1210 45 seconds. At lower speeds, tha's about ene block: At highway speeds i's about @ quarter ofa Ile. if youre not looking that far ened, you may have 10 stop too quicly or make. quck lane changes. Looking 12 to 15 seconcs ahead doasnt rear ot paying altanion to tings tha are ose. Good drwere ht tar attanton back and forth oar and fr. Figure 26 Hustratos how fr to lok shea Figure 26 Look for Trafic. Look fr vehiles coming onto the highway, ito your lan, or turing. Wath er brake igs fom slowing vehices. By seeing feat things far enough shed. you can change you" speed, oF change lanes { necessary Yo evok! 8 [roblem, Ifa afi Igt has boon green for! Eine & wil probably charge before you get thee ‘Start slowing down and be ready to stop, 24.2~ Sosing to the Sides and Rear Is important to anow whats ging on Behind an tothe sides. Chock your mirers regulary. Crock ‘mor itn inspec stuatons Miror Adjustment. Mize sdustment should be ‘checked prior othe start of sry Wp and ean ony be checked accurately whon”the Wales) ore straight You should check and adit each minor {o show some part of the veri, This wh ge You 2 reference point for jung the postion of te ‘ber mages Regular Chocks. You rood to make regular checks of your mirors obs ware of af and 0 ‘heck your vette “raf. Chock your minors for vehicles on ether sie and in back of ou. mn an emergency, you may need fo know whether you ean make a Gul lane Change. Use your miros. to spot overising vehicles, There are "bpd Epos" tet your miro annet show you. Check your minors regulary 10 know where ower vehces ar around you, and to 001 they move ino Your bind spo CCheck Your Vehicle. Use he mérors fo keep an ‘oye on your tres. Its ono way to spot a tre fre. youre carving open cargo, you car use the iors to check I Look far eose 8899, copes, oF chain. Watch fra flapping or ballooning tap. Special Situations. Space siustors require more than regular miror racks. "These are lane changes, urs, merges, and Bot maneuvers. Lane Changes. You need ts check your mors to make sure no one i alongside you or bout to Base you. Check your mir Betore you change lanes te make sire thera Is enough room. ‘After you hive slgrlod, to cook tat no one bat ‘moved into your bind spt. Fight after you stat the lare change, to doubi- ‘check tat your paths eer. ‘Air you complete te ane argo aaa eR PaesComma rare anes “Tums. n tus, check your minors to make sure ‘he ear of your vehice wil ect ary, Merges. When morgieg, use your mires Yo make sure be gap in trae large enough fer you 10 ‘ator ately, Tight Maneuvers. Any tine you are. diving dose quarters, check your merors often. Nake sure you have enough clearance. How to Use Mirrors. Use mirors cereety by ‘Checking them Quy and understanding whi yoo ‘When yu use your miners whe driving on the ‘oad, chock qucy. Leck backend fr between ‘he minors andthe road ahead. Dont ecu on the mimes for tbo lng. Otnrwie, you wl wave! quite 2 ilance without knowing! whats happoning ead, Many large vehies have curved (convex, “fisheye” "spot" “bugeye’) minors that show 3 wicer area than ft mors, TNs 's en hep But everything appears smal ra convex mirer than it would fF you were looking at deol “Things also seer farhar way tin they relly a Ite Important to realize (is and to allow for & Figure 27 shows the ld of vision Using a convex FIELD OF VISION USING A CONVEX MIRROR Driver it Plane! Blin Pian Miroy Spot Mion View| Area View Figure 27 2.5~ Communicating 2.5.1— Signal Your Intentions ‘Other vers cart know wat you are going to fo ‘une you tt that, ‘Signaling what you intend 10 do i Ingortant for Safely. Here ae Some gonera re for igang “Tums. There ae twee good res for using tn Bona: ‘Signal ear. Sign well before you turn. isthe Beat way to bp othr ram bying to pase You ‘Signal corsinuely. You need oth hance on the ‘wheel fo tu safely. Dont ance! the sign uni {ouhave completed the tum, Cancel your signa: Dont orget totum of your um ‘signal after youve tured (F you dont have sa. Canceling sents). Lane Changes. Put yout tum signal on before ‘changing lanes. Change lanes slowly and ‘smoathiy. That way a erver you didnt sow may havea chance to honk hilbe hor, or svold yout vehi Slowing Down. Warn drivers bebind you when you see you" nocd fo slow down, A fe ight tape ‘nthe brake posal = enough fo fash the bree Tights should warn following ceiver: Use he four way emergency flashers for tes when you are Arving very slowiy 0” a0 topped. Warn other ‘vrs in any of tho folowing atatons: “rouble Ahead. The sie of your vehicle may make Chara for ervers behing you to sen hazarce ‘ahead. you see & hazard that wil requre sowing Gown, warn the divers behind by faching your broke iis Tight Tums. Most car evers don’ know how sony you hve to go to mako a ight urs In @ large vehicle. Give vers behind you warring by ‘rang cary and slowing gradual Stopping on the Rosd. Truck and bus drivers sometios stop in the roadway to unload car99 oF ‘passengers, ft slop ata ralraad crossing, Wan folowing divers by fasting your brake. tights. ‘Dont stop sudden. Driving Siow. Drvers olen 0 not realize how fast Vey are catching up to slow venice unt they are very close. i you must ve slowly, alert follwing avers by turing an yout emergency flashers itis legal. (Laws regasing the uso of “ashers afer rom one sate to another. Chace the laws ofthe sates where you wil ve.) ama PaaniComma oer zeae Mana! Don't Direct Trafi. Some divers ty to hep oit ters by slgnaing when Tis safe to poss. You Should no do toe, You could cause an setider, ‘You could be blames and teu ost You many ‘housands of dolore, 25.2~ Communicating Your Presence Other drivers may not noice your vehile oven ‘when i's In pla sgh. To lp prevent aosdent, lot tom know youre re, When Passing. Whenever you ae about fo pass 2 vehice, pedastian, or bevels, assume ‘hey ‘ont see you. They could sudsenly move Font ‘of you, When it fegal, tap the hom hyo, at ‘ight ash your ffs For low to high am ans ‘ack: Ane, dive careily enough o avid erst ‘eon they do see or hew you. Won t's Hard to See. At dawn, dusk. rin ‘row, you need fo meke youl! eater seo. You are having vouble coding oer vehicle, th Givers yf have rouble seeing you. Tum an your lps: Use the heats, ne ut te Ident ‘oF clearance lights. Use. te low boars; high Sams ean bolher poop ine daytime 2 wll trig nen Parked atthe Side of the Road. When you pu of the road and sop, bo sure to turn on the four-way emerge flashers. This i knporant at fight Dont tus! the talighis 12 gve warning. Crvers have crashid ito the roar of parked vehicle Because they thought was. moving noma: Hf you must stop on road or the shoulder of any road, you must put est your emergency warning Sevses ufhin ten mines. Place your warning ‘eves ot tne following locations: If you must stop on or by & one-way or vied highway, place warning dovess 10 Toot. 100 ‘oe, ‘nd 200 fet toward the approaching wi. See Figure 28. Hf you slop on 8 two-lane road earning traffic both gechora or on an uncvdes highway, piace ‘warning davcos win 10 fet ofthe Font oF reat ‘corners 6 mark the locaton of the vehicle and 100 fet ebind and heed of the vehicle, on the shoulder or inthe lane you stopped in. Seo gue 28. Figure 2a Back beyond any Fil, uve, or other abtrucson ‘hat prevents ater divers from sooing the vane wii 500 fet If ine of sight view Is obstructed {ve toil or curve, move th raaroat ange to point back dow the oad 8 warring is provid, ‘See Figure 2.10. FagOBSTRUCTED VIEW Figure 20 When puting out the tangles, hold them between yoursettd the oncoming tate for your own {afy (Soother ervers can S00 you.) Use Your Horn When Needed. Your hor can lt cers snow yout ther. lean help fo avoid 2 ‘ash. Use your hon when needed. However, i ‘San stale others and could be dangers when ood unnecessary. 2.6 Controlling Spoed Driving t0 fas is a major couse of fatal roshos. “You must elust you speed depending on driving conctons. Thete dude acto, curves, vb, ‘afte and ls. Perception Distance. This is tho dstance your vyehice tails fom te time your eyes. soo a hezard unit you brain recognizes it The pereoption ime for an ale aver Ie about Sd Second. At 56 mph, you travel 60 feet in 314 Second or ancut 8 eet por sacend Roaction Distance. The dstance tavelod tom tho time you brain tls yur feat to move rom fazzaertor unl your foots actualy pushing the brake pedal. The average ever hese rescton ‘me of St econ. The aocounts fr an acesona {0 Yoat raved at §5 mp. ‘Braking Distance. The distance it takes to stop noe the brakes are put on. At 85 mph on dry pavement wih good Brakes, ican take 8 hal} ‘otiela about 300 foot stop. takes about #172 seconde, ‘Total stopping Distance. At $5 mph, til take about sit sovends t stop end your vel wil travel about 450 fost. ‘Tho Effect of Speed on Stopping Distance Wmenever you double your speed, i takes sbout four times ‘as much distance to ‘sop. and. your vehicle wl have four tmes te doetuctve power i IU castes. High speeds increase stopping ‘stances greaty. By slowing down ate, you can gain aol nveducnd bakeng sistance, See Figze Ms i Tron [BRE somm fan [oon asneh [ese [we sonen [oe [ook ‘simon [aie [are iu Tie ‘The Effect of Vehicle Weight on Stopping Distance. The heavier he ahi, the more Work the Brakes must do to stop i and the more hest {ey absor. But the brakes, Wes, sprngs, and shock absarbors on heavy vehicles are designed {© werk Seat when the voice i fuly loaded Empty tucks require greater stopping distances boca an omy wohl has lose action, Feslan Org Paar be2.6.2 ifatching Speed io the Rows ‘You cet eet or brake a vehicle unless you nave trecten.Tracon Is(seton deween tho tres and the ‘aad. There are some road condone tht "eeuea action And calor specs. Sliepery Gurfocas. I wil take longer to stn, an {tea be herder to un wihout soeeng, wen the ‘oad i slopery. Wot roads can double slopong siawe, You mcet ere slower Io be able to op inne same distance ae cn a dry coad, Reduce speed by abost one Ste (09, Sow fom 88 16 {bout 35 mph) on a wet rost.'On packed snow, fedice span! by'a all mo. ha mstnon ley rade speed ta crawl and stop devng 500m 26 you can safely co so, Ieentiving Slippery Surfaces. Sematines i's hard te know fhe road sippery. Hore ae some sins of spay road, ‘Shaded Aves, Shady prs ofthe road wil remain oy and sippery ing eter open areas Mave mete. rigs. When the Temperature crops, bages wl freeze Selore te road wil Bo asec carat When the temperature dose lo 32 dogrees Fatvorr alin Ie. SIGN meling wi make le Wel Wot ‘29's much ma sppery then ie Bt not wet Eiact fen, Black foe 2 thn lave cha e Slew fenough that you ean to» the road underneain ‘makes tha rand ook wet Any tenet emperors iS bat freezing ane he oa looks wel wateh ot for biacc ice Vehicle (cing. An easy way to check fr ice isto ‘open the window and fool Lo fot of ho mir, ‘hirer sop, oF astera, thar’ ee on these, ‘he road surface is probably staring toe Up “Icet Aor Hain Begins. Reght stor starts to ‘ain, weter mea vith 0° Teton the read oy ‘etices, This makes ‘he road very sippery its Fain coniouos val wash he of ay, Hygroplaning’ In some westho, water or eis ‘olects on the road. When the sppena, you" ‘ehiie can heoplone, fs The wate singe thee lee their santact wi he road end have lite fr no Faction. You may no! be able fo ster or brake. You can regain canbe oy fleasing ths 2coolats: and purhing nha Suhel slow Sour vencle ane lot tho whos tars frei. Lie ‘orice = hysoptaning, ono! ute be bakes to ‘Sow dovn Ft diva eae ea to dh, puan the lah et ben un ely RET TS Ta ik Goes not take 2 lot of waier to cause hydropia ng, Hyeroplaning can oecer a: speede 35 ow as. 80 mph Mere iy a lot of wel Hysopisning is more Ika © tro pesssre ov for the woot fe worn. (The grooves In 8 tre omy ‘ay the wate, Fey ant deep, ey dont wore ws) Read surfaces whore water can eallac can erate condone ine "cause a. veite. 1. hysroplane. Watch fo ear reflecions, tre sp'stes, and ‘ndrogs on the toad, These sre ingicsone of Sanding water. 2.6.5 Speed and Curves Drivers must aust ter spe far ctrves ihe ‘oad. Ir you take 9 curve foo fase te hinge car Rapper "The tees ‘can ioue the action end primus sirsight shead. so you shid of the road, Or, the tres may kooo thelr vacion and ine vile ‘als over. Tats tave shown that tucks wha hgh Contr of gray ean vol over atthe posted specs fit fora uve Slow to 2 safe speed before you enter 9 cue Brakes 1) a come is dengeroce because 1s ‘ati’ fo lock he hoe’ and couse @ sk. Slow down a needed. Dart ever exceed ti posted peas bt forthe uve, Be 9 @ gear thet wet you accelerate sighty In the crv. Ti wit helo You Keep cont £6.4~ Speed and Cistance Ahead You should sivays be able to step win the siance you can see heed. Fog. rir, or aher ‘condone ray require that you sow Gown tbo ‘Ste to sep inthe entre you can 868A igh You cant see se ‘a wih tow beams ac you ear ‘high Seams. When you must use iow beams, Siow ao". 2.6. Speed and Traffic Flew Winer yeurre diving In Seay tac, te safoet speed {Do spoed of aver vehises, Vences jam she seme drecion atthe same speed ore ot aly to "un ito ene another in many slates speed limits ewer fr Yueks and uses than for Care tices sory ow mc” a8 "8 Mp ose ext {auton whon you ehange anes or pass on these Foodwaye, Drive alte thea of the Va F you an witout going aan sega of uneete spend Koop a 82 folowrg detnceuri Oc Lino tal ‘The mai resson shivers exceod speed tis 10 save tne. dd, anyone tying to dive fester than the spend of ate wi not be able to seve such tie The ris nvoves are oot worth ye 90 {aster tea i epo0d of ha wae, you Fave ‘oop pacing her varicles. Ths Inereases the chan of a cra. and fis more tng Fate Increases the chance of 2 ean. Going with he fom of raf soar tnd easier, 2.6.6~ Speed on Dowmaracec Your vaile's speed wit increase on downgrader because of gravy. Your rest important objective Isto sebet and maintain e speed tat ito. 00 feat tore “otal weight of he veils an cargo. Length the grace Stoeprets ol he grade Road cowttions Wester Ht & speed li is posted, or thre Is 2 sign Indeatng“Masimu Sele Seed” never exceed {he spat show Alo, look er and heed wars ‘sigs idabng the lang end sieearase of the ade. You must use Le braking elec! of the Saino 8 tne pincpal way of eoneling your Speed or downgrades. The trang eet of the fnpne greatest when i= near the governed fpme ant the varemicson i he lower goa ‘Save your brates so you hill 30 abl to slow or sop a5 requires by road and vale cenetons. She our tenemssson to's low gear bere staring sown the grade. and uve the proper Braking techniques. Please voad carly the {secbon en going dow ong, seep downgrades safe in"hou'tan Deng. 2.6.7 ~ Rorewey Work Zones ‘Speeding tate fs the number one cause oF hiry ‘ard deat in rosday work zones, Observe te osted speed Amis at al times when approseting fra ceive though @ work zore. Wates your psocometer, and dont slow your speed to reap pat yeu ete through ‘ong sectors of reat toatrer er eae onions. Desresse your speed Ser fisher when a worker fe clee lo he ‘Daoway, ‘Wendy Subsections 2.5, 2.5, and 26 “Test Yeu Krewlecge How tha cove he man! say ou ‘What re two main things to ook for hood ‘Wha’ you mest important way to eee the sides and rar of your venice? \nat does “communicating mean n sie rving? Where stouls your refector bo placed won sienped ona dices High? 5, Whol Bree tings dé up to tots stopping fsence? 7 yougotwiceas fast, wi your stoopog dtstaea Increase by two of Tour Lives? 8. Empty tucks have be bee! baking True orFalee? 8. Whats nyrosaning? 10, Wht i"tlacica"? we ewe “Those questions may be on the tee. you cant rswer them si reread subsectons 24,25 and 26 2.7 ~ tdanaging Space To bo a safe diver, you news s2ace sl ound your vebcl, Wen rings go wrong, space ges yout to thik and tte aston. ‘To Nave space svalabe wien something goes wrong, you need 10 manage space, Wie ts true for af ever, Iris very tmpodant fer large Vehiges. ‘They take. up more space end they aque more space fer stoping an tring 2.7.4~ Space Ahead (fa he space round your vehi, iis the area ahead ofthe wehise-the space you's ervng ile “tras most empornt. “Whe Need for Spaco Ahead. You seed space head ease yeu mus! sudsony sep, According fo oscheit royuts, the weve tha Sucks ane Buses meet con run itis the ona in font of thom. he mos! fecuen! cause i flowing too covey, Remeriber.# the venice ahead of You Smear then yours, can probably stop faster than YoU gan Yona n't you 80 tour oo GoveComer Ores ticreebemes How Much Space? How much space shou you kein font of you? One good rae says you need at least one secand for each 10 foot of vehicle length at speeds belon 40 moh. AL greats speeds, {you must ads eecond for salty. For exer, You ae driving a 40 fot wohl, you shuld lave 2 ceconds between you and the vehi anead. In {8 60foot ri, you" rood 8 seconds. Over 40 mph {you'd need 5 secorge for # 4000 vehce and 7 ‘Seconds fora 6-00! vic, Soe igre 212, To know how much space you have, wat unt the vehicle ahead passoe a shadow on the raed, & Bavarent marong, or some oher eos and ‘Then’ court off tho soconds. ike tis: "one thousand: and-one, ane toutand two" and 0 ‘on, untl you reach tho seme spot_ Compare your ‘aunt wih the rule of one scant for every ton fet tient HEAVY VEHICLE FORMULA For timed interval following distance + 1 second required for each 10 fost of ‘Vehicle length at speeds under 40 MPH + Above 40 MPH use same formula, then| ‘Sdat second forthe adcitional speed ae) 40 foot tuck (under 40 MPH) = 4 seconde {50 foot truck (above 40 MPH) = 6 saconds| —— 60 foot truck (under 40 MPH) = 6 seconds Figure 1 yu aro avng a 40o0t nck ane only counted Upto Z seconds, youre too cose. Drop back ie ‘and count again unt you have 4 seconds of folowing distance (er 5 secanos, # youre gong ‘over 40 mph). After 2 Ite practice, ya Wit know ‘ean = Bae how far back you sheus be. Remember o add + Second fr speeds abave 40 mah. Alo remember that when the reed 8 slppery, you need much ‘more space to sop. 27.2- Space Behind You cant siop othes from folowing you too lose But thre are fins you ca to make it ‘Stay to the Right. Heavy vehicles are oten {aigated when tey cant Keep up wih the epead Of Pato. Tle often Teppere when youre going ‘pal. heavy loa sowtng you down, say In ho right lane i yeu an. Going phil you shoe nol pass another slow vehele unless you can get ‘ound que and sae, Dealing with Taligators Safely. Ina large vehicle, is often ard to 800 whather a vehi ie dose behind you. You may be algae Won yeu are aveng siomy, Drivers tapped bing ow vehicles ofenfolow closely. I bod wealner Many car crvers folow lege vehicles closely curing bad weather, eepenaty ‘whan its hard to see te read ahead 1 you find yours bol tatgsted, hae ae son things you cen eo to reduce the chances ef 9 cnet ‘Avoid quick changes. you have to show down or {urn signal early, and reduce spoed very oral. Increase your flowing dstarce, Opening up room Intent of you wl hp to avo having toa sudden spoed or drecion changes also makes ‘easier forthe taigatern got aun you Dont spaed up. Ie sf o be talgaed at ‘poe than a high sped, ‘Avo tks, Dart turn on your aight or fash ‘your brake tights. Fotow he sungeations above, 2.7.3~ Space to the Sides Commercial vehces ae often wide and take up ost of lane. Safo evs wl manage whet ie Space thy nave. You can do ths by Keeping Your vehie centered In yur lane, and vod svg Blongside cher, Staying Centered in a Lane. You oad to heap your vehicle centred fe lane 1 keep safe in aay ‘ux 0° eny eneroeney. When you eee e herard, ‘ink about the erergencias thal eoulé devatn and tro oat What you would do. Aivayn. be ropared to teke acon based on your pane. 'n this way, you wi be a prepared, defensive crv ‘iho wl prove Your ovm safely se wel a8 the Sefer fal road users Subsections 2.7 and 2.8 “Test Your Knowledge 5. How do you fn cut how many seconds of folowing citarce space you nave? 7 ifyeu are arving & 30.0c vere a 65 ‘mah, how reany seconds of fo-owing stance shavs you allan? > You "should decressa” your folowing distance I sorsebecy i flowing you :00 osoly. True False? 4. Thypu'suing wide fo helt before trnng right, another ver may uy to pass you oF the rg Irueo Fase? 3. Wht heemet 8. Whhymace errgency plane hen you see avs?one Der nes Maa: These questions may be on te tae you oan answer them a "erand wibuectons 27 and 28 rT 2.9 bistreetod Driving Whenever you are drving = vehise and your ‘tention 's hat onthe aod, youre puting youre, your passengers, ane vehies, rnd secestions In danger. Dstacted sivrg car re when You perfor any. setiay thal may ‘eh you al ‘tenon ‘rom ho crn ask Taking your eyes eff tha read er hands off te sweating whe presents alvious ceiving rske. Menta aces tot te your ming away fom arin ae jut ae dangerous "Your eyes can gaze at objects inthe ervng scene Bato see thom because your aeons raced dbewere Activites tal can disvact your ataton include taking to passengers; adlstng the radio, CD playa: o climate consos: eating, ering or Srecking: reading maps or othor Ite; plck-g tp something that fl eading biboares ene oe ‘oad edvertsements: watenng otter pope and ‘vehicles nung oppreseive deve eng on 9 el. phone or CB sed, using lelomato devees (such “28. navigaton systems. pagers, oc} Aayoreaming a belig oczmpied wih ober ments aoe 2.9.1 Don't Drive Distractec! WWetivrs react @ Rat-2econd slower because of ‘Bsractons, erates doute, Some ips ffl so yu wost become dstaied Feview onc be toaty ‘air win al saety nd sage fealv'es ‘on ary" invahicle eercrance, ireuing your weeiess oF cat shore, belore yo owe Bre program rac stations. Preloos you teverle CDs or cass tapes, (Car the vehicle o any unnecessary object, eviow maps and plan your rate betoe you begin ing AAgust all mixors “oy best altro visilly Store yeusian your np Bon attemp! read o: wate while you deve ‘vod srekng, eateg and ching ile you iv. Dnt engage in comalox or emotonaly nse carversators wih one oxupents, 29.2 Use o-veticte Cornmuntestion Equipment Cautiously hen possi, pl of the road in a sate, legal ace when makingkocehing 8 cal 1 Eonmunicaton equpmert IF posse, tun Pa 221 phone of ntl your ‘oltnation ia reaches, Postion the eal phone within oasy reac. Brera ca oie Cosme clad HF you Nave fo place a cal, find safe pace top ‘oft ras, Do no place aca while cing Sone jtsietons equro hat only ance roe feress can be used whe ving. Evan these doves ce untate 10 ee when you sre mong down the oa you must use your oe! phone, keep conversations stor. Develop ways 1 gel tee of longsuded teers and associates wale on the ‘oni Never use ths cet phone for sell ving, Hang up icky Vat tuat oon, Da" use the equipment when spproeciing locstors wih heavy ‘ate, Toad constuction teary pedesian Wate, or severe, weathet (a not atampt to type or read messanes on your Sade system woke diving, Tae293 ~ Watch Out for Other Distracted ‘You nest to bo able to recognize ater deers who are engaged in any frm of tng detacton. Not Tecogniang otter devacled avers can prevent You For perceiving or reacting crac intima 0 Prevent arash Watch for Veticies tat may dat over the lane div lines or wi hel our ane ‘Vehiiesravalng a incorsistet specs, Dinars who. are preceeupied! vith maps, fd, ewretes, cl phones, or ater obocts Bras wo eppear tobe inavod in canvereatons withthe passengers ‘marian your sate ‘ofowin distance Bo very cart when passing a over wo seems to bedatacted. The ther cver may not be aware ‘of year presence, and they may df ent of you 2.10 Agguessive DriversiKoad Rage 2.104 = What's 17 Aggrssive diving and road rage ie not @ new prebrn. However, In today's wall, vhoe heavy fr s-sowng ai ang ght senedols ae he Fra more and more arvors ae tang out that ‘2890 and rustaon In tha veils, Crowded roads lesve tte oom for ero" eating to. suspicion and hostity among cvers and ‘encouraging them to take personaly the makes ‘totter rvs Aggressive cving isthe act of operating @ motor ‘hice na selfs, bole or pushy manner, wnat eparsfor the igh o ety o thors. Road rege is overating a motor vehicle with the Intont of doing harm to ‘ers or physically _esauting a aver or ther vehicle, 2.70.2- Don't Be an Aggressive Driver How vou fee! before you even start your wile bee a0 16d wth how sess i ate you une oven, Reduce your azess before and while you arve. siento “easy Isteing? mse Give the ceive your ful atmntion. Dent ai: yourse to become dsvacies by taking on SOW" ei phone eating et Bo real about Your travel timo, Fxpect delaye because of ve, constucton, or Bed weslher sand make atowences, i youre going o be stor than yor expected ~ eat ‘wil Toke 8 dee breath and accent he cela. ‘Give eer ives the benef of te doce. Ty fo Imagine way he or she dving’ tha a, \Vinatover haw reason, I hat rating t0 so wth you. Slow down and keop your folowing ceisace ‘earonable, Dont ave sony inte et ane tat ‘vad gestures. Keop you hanes on tha whe ‘Avid "making enyestures that might anger troresions of ton lke shaling your heed, Bea cautious and. courteous arver, # anothe: fiver Seams eager to gol in on of you, say, Bo Imy gues Ths response wat son become 2 hadi She you wort be av offended by fer actors 2.40.3 - Whet You Shsuld De When Confronted’ by an Agaressive Driver Fist and foremeel, mike every aterpt to get out of iru, Put yoor pede nthe bac: seat D0 not chailerge them by Speeding up o atiomsting to hol-your ‘em in your reval lene. ‘void eye contac, Ignore gestures ad rete forse otha, Report aggressive “les the. aporoprate auhorttes by proving a whe. conerBlon, anse ruber, cest@n and, # possible. drsciom cave IT yu ave @ ce phone, and can doit safe, cal the pote Wan aggresive diver is volved in aera farther ‘down he road tp a safe cistance from the crash scene, vat for the pole to arvo, and report tho Sing Sema: a ou winessae Subsections 2.9 are 2.10 Test Your Knowieage 1. Wat re some tin 1 felow £0 yu wort? become a davected ever? 2H do yes use inv ‘omiruncstens bquipment eausousiy? 3. Mow 60 you recognize a eractee arver? “Bean Bg 83 eeeSommer rar nee us) 4. Whatls the diference detween aggressive ‘ving ane roas rape? 5. Wht shuld you do when conrentsd wn an aggressive diver? ©, What ee some thogs you can do to roatce your sess belo ane while you ane? ‘These questions :nay be on the lst. I you cant arswor trem al rere tubeectone 29 and 210, 2.11 ~ Driving at niga: 2.44.4 Hs htore Bengeros You are at greater “sk when you drive at nig Drivers cart see hazards as Guy as n daylight 0 they have less ine respon, Drvers cough by supe co eas lat avn a crash ‘The promems of right cng vce the cer, the roa, and the vehice, 2.11.2 Driver Factors Vielen. People cart soe at sharply at night on tim ight Aso, ther ayes rood time to achat to ‘ecing in dim ight Most peopte have oleed his ‘Shen waking io a Gare move theater Gare. Drvors can be blndes for a short tine by Digit ign It tokes de to recover from ths Birtness. Odor arvors are especial bothered by ‘ate, Nos! people have been tempera Binge) By camera fash u's oe by the high beams cf oncoming vohice. "ean take several eoconcs 19 fecover from Gite. Even two seconde ot glare Imp wil ¥avel moro than hall the dtanoe of a foobel eid during that me. Don't ook ceecty at tnghtights when diving. Look athe ight se of the ‘cad. Watch the sialnas when someone coming toward you hat very bright lights on Feligue anc Lack of Alertness. Fatigue (being ted) and lack of alerness are bigger probleme at right rhe Body's need ‘or slew) ie beyond = Derson's corto Most pope are joes alot high especialy ater manght. hie ls parry ‘ue # you heve been crvng “or a fong tine Drivers mey not see hazaros a2 800n, or act 3S Aqucky. so the chance om eran ie greater yu Sr sibepy, te ony eae cur sto go of tne rood nd get some sleep. you do", yu rk you fe ‘nd ine ee of ones 2.11.3 Rosdway Faciors oor Lighting. In the daytime thre Je usally tnough Fgh 16 soe wes. Th Is not tue at “igh Semo areas may hae Sight avetfghis, bat mary areas vil Rave poor ightng. Or mos: acs you Wil probably have fo Copend entray 09 your eto Loss okt neans you wil not be able to see hazards as wal a n oye. Road users vo rot have lighls are hard see. There te tery Sccionts right Invving pedestsone, joggers, Beye, end anna Even whien there ae lights, the 1a scene can be confuses. Trae signa and hazers can be Mord to. see soars! a. beckgfound of signe, shop Windows, ad ator rt, Drive slower when ightng ie poor o contig, Dv siowly enous tobe sure you can stop inthe ‘stance yor can see stood Drunk Drivers. Drunk eeers and divers under ‘he irvance of cups area nazar to Cvemeelves ‘and fo you. Be especialy ale around the desing times fr bars and tavern. Was for cevre who have veubie staying Fr Bot lane oF mairainng speed, wo stop ‘wheut reason, oF show one ‘igs of being uncer he Inlbence of skeenat cups 211.4~ Vehicle Factors Headtighs. At ight your heoighs wi usualy be the main souee of ighlfor you Yo wea by add for ‘thas to tee you. You cant see neatly es much (ah yous tegen you aoe ‘ome dye ‘Wah fw peams you can Sea ahead ado: 260 fet ‘ad wits high beams abou 360-500 fat You rust Adjust your speed to keep your stopping stance ‘wihin your sight catance. Ths means ging sony ‘ona o be able ove win te range of You" headlhis. Other se, oy tho timo. you sae card you wi nt Ravetime to stop, Nght drving can be mere dangerour# you have pobre with your hawdlgnts ity hosts ‘nay gue ony hall the ight thay s20U6 Ths els own your abiky “9 see and Take harder or ‘ers fo see you Mate sre yt" share clean rd working. Feacighs sen be ot of edussent IT trey dont point inte nah deco, they wont (gua you 9 good View ard thay ea" Bnd the Srv, Have 2 queiie person make sue they Be adusies propery,commercial vers Lice at Cher Lights. in exer for you to be seen easly, ‘he eoning must be clean and werking prepay Ratios Marker it, earance gn Tatigis Ide-taton igh, “urn Sigaale and trate Lignts, At sg your tn ‘igrais and brane phi are even rors plant {er teling other ervers what you rend to do. We sre you have clean, workig tum signals ane stop igs Windshiee and Miners, fs moe imponent at right than in the daytime to have 2 dean ‘Ginaehiod and clean tre right ahi al night fan ease ail on yeur windshield of la 10 ‘reno a glare of te Oem, blocking your vow. Moet people have experienced when safe t do so. Check behind to mike sure 7p one Is folowing, then pnly tne brakes 10 be aire they work wo! If ro, Gy tom out “ther a8 cescrbod shove (CAUTION: Do not apay tao much brake pressure {ind aceslrator at tho same tine, or you can ‘vereat ose drums and sings.) 2.44 Driving in Very Hot Weather 2.141 = Vehicle Checks 9p a normal prep inspection, but pay spacial Stontion tthe folowing seme Tires, Check te tre mounting and ai: prostre Inapeos the res every bro hours or every 100 res when érvng very hot westhe Al pressure neces wi tomperature. Donal tai {ut or the pressure wl be Too ow when the res oo! off tr 9 eo not ouch, renal sep rit he te coos of Others the tro may Blow ‘oor catch fr ‘The engine al Helps keep be engine fod, 2s well a8 ubresing t Make sue thre s enough engi olf you Rave an of enperatra ‘gauge, make sure the tersperetice He hin the oper range vile you are oF ving, Coolant. dofore staring out, make sire gine cooing yetem as enous wala” 2nd antiooze secorsng 1 the engine merufactre”s rectors. (Aisreezo helps the engine ude ot Condtons 38" wel ld conations) Wher (ring, eck the water temperature o coolant ‘emoeratire gauge fom tine fo bme. Make sue that tremsing in tna norma range tthe gauge pose above the highest safe Temperature, thre ay be something wrong tat cout ead to engine {lure and oossbly fre. Stop diving as soon 3 fel posetble and vy ind out whats wrong. Some vehicles have sight glasses, seohough ‘ool! overlow containers, or coolant recovery {ontaners These peri yu fo check the colar. teva whl the engine's hot the container snot Dat of Be pressurzed syster. the cap can De fale ramoved and coon sad even when the fngines at operating tempers, over reve th radiator c29 of any part of the pressurized system unt the sytem has < Figure 276 ‘There is also no passing zone sign on twodane roads. There may be a whe stop ne painted on the pavement before the alo wrecks. The front of the school bus must remain behind this line ‘whe stopped atte eroetng. CGrosebuck Signs. This sign marks the grade {cossing. Itroques you to Yel the ght oF¥ay to the tan, I there 6 ro white Ine pained on the Bevomert, you must stop tho bus beloro the ‘ossbuck sign When he food costes over mare than ono set of tacks, e eign alow the erssbuck Indeates the numberof track. S00 Figure 2.17. Flashing Red Light Signals. At many highway- fal grate cossings, the cosstuct. sign has flaghing rod tights and bal. When te Hts begin to flash slop A tae is appreachng. You sre Tequred to yield tho rightotway to the Vain. If ‘hero fe more than ono rack, make sure all vacks te lea’ before crseing. Soo Figure 2.10 Gates. Many relroes-hihwsy crossings have ‘ales wih flashing red ights and bes. Sep when {ho gts begin o fash and befor the gate lowers ‘cross he food lane, Remain stoped unt the {gates go up and the fos have stopped flashing, Broceed whan hie sae, See Figure 28 GATES/LIGHTS i ak MULTIPLE TRACKS Figure zi Figure 218 2.18.3 - Driving Procedures Never Rice Trin to a Crossing, Neve attmpt to race avain a cossing iis exiemey dict 19 Judge he speed ofan apprecehing Wan Reduce Speed. Speed must be rodeed in sczordarce with yout ally io see apereachng Tate in ony drecton, and speed must bo eld ta pot wich wil permit you to sip short of the {Teck Ina a stop ls necessary Don't Expect to Hear a Train. Because of noise tre your valle you cannot expect to hea ‘tain hom ul the ban is dangorousy dose tothe eovsing Don't Rely on Signals. You should not ely solely pan tha preseren of waring signals, gees. oF fagmen to warn of ta approach of Yale Be ‘especial alt at crossings tat do nat have gates ‘rfashirg re ight signa. ay PearsDouble. Tracks Regul Remember that @ 4a! on one tack may nige 2 train on the oth tack. Loot bath ways Oefere Cossing, After one ain hes Sesred»erosang, be Sure no ave ane are reat bere sang S088 fotoes Yeord Areas and Gree Crosslaga 9 cites and Towne. Vaid ereas and grace crossings. clos 0c fours are jist a6 dangerous ab url grade Crossings. Apprdse hes wi as much eau, 2.1544 ~ Stopping Sofely at Rairvac righway Crossings ‘fu stop is vequied at race crossings whenever: ‘Tre nature of the cargo mates a step mandatory Lider ste or oceral regustons. Shek @ sop othewse requted by lw When stopping be sure to Check for walle behind you whie stooping (Gsuaty. Use a plot ane, avaisie ‘Fors on yout fourway emergency Fashers 2.48.9 ~ Grossing the fracks Raltoad crossings wih stoop approaches can ‘couse your unto hang Up onthe Weeks Never parrit tafe concitons to tap you las poston hers you have io stop an the Wacks. Be ure you an get all the way acoes the Wack Beto you sit across. takes a typical actor for Unt at last Te seconds 9 dear a siglo ‘and more then 1 soconds to cea’ a double Do not ait goare wile oss raload tacks, 2.15.6 ~ Special Situations 9 Ava! These valers can get stuck or aiced crossings: Low sling unite (euboy, car earer, moving van, orsum oly Ivestock ale. Bingi-anle trator pullog long alr with ts ‘anding geo? sete accomrodsre 3 tandomace ‘eee {for any reason you get stuck the wacks, got cut of the vehicle and away fom Ine Vachs, Check Sonposts or sig! Foust at the croskng for femergerey rotfewion ‘ormalon Call 01 oF ‘ber ame-gency number, Gve te location of te rosting using et ceniable landmarks, espeiely ‘he DOT numba, # posted 2.16 ~ Meuniair: Driving In mounlan diving. gravy plays @ mae ol. On {ny vpprade. gravty sows you down 8 stopet the grade the longer ne grace, ax the tho tne more you ei hava to use owe" geo"= to-cimp its or mouniains, In coring down lots Steep councraces, gravy causes the spoed, oF your vehiele io evease. You must Zonropaate sa speed then use 2 ow ge ‘rope braking ochniques. Vou shoud olen shad Er obi formation about any long. seep ‘gades. along yeur planned route of evel t Bossi ak footer ceiver who ate fait wi lhe grades fo fd ou wat spencs are aaa Yeu must go slsy enough so your brakes can Fold you back veto gating too at he brakes Bocome too hot they tray start to “fade” is means you have to apply ther harder and harder {2 got Bo some sloping pover. you conlinze to toe he brakes har thay ean keep feng atl You ‘anne! slaw down or sop ata 216.4 ~ Select “Sefe” Speed ‘Your most imocrtant consideration is to select 2 speee hat to fst rh “ole wight ofthe vote and orp Lenghafte grace ‘Stoopnocs ofthe grace Food constons Wate: 4 a speed i Is posted. oF thee ie a sin indestng "Maximu Safe Speed never excoxd the spoec shown Ago, iook f= and heed warning ors lean the length ond sleeonass of he ora. ‘You must use the baking efecto the engine {he prnpal way of controling your speed. Dakin effect of he engre s greatest when iis "aa the govemes rome andthe Tansmsion ‘ower gears, Save your brakes 60 you i be abe to sow or stop as fequves by road and vate condone. ater2.46.2 Select te Right Gear Before Sterting Down the Grade SShft the transmission to 8 low goar before staring ‘xin the rae Do not ry Sows your Speed fae sendy bust up. You wil not be aio fo Shit nto lowe" gear, You may not even be able {0 get back bio ary gear and engine braking fetect wl bo ‘oct Forcing an” aulomale transmission ca low gear at highspeed coulé ‘emage the Vanarission and ela load to loss of ‘l'engine braking tect. Vian oer trucks, 8 re for choosing gears '¢ to ee the same gear gong down a. hil that you ‘Wout need fo cmb the hit. Howovor new tks have iow fclon pais and stemmlined shapes fr {al economy. "*bey may aso have more power engines. This cieare they ean 90 Up ile I Might ‘gem and hove less Wc and at dag "0 Rate {hem bask gong down hile” Fer tha reason, vers of modern Wucks may hove use lower ‘eve gong down a hil tan would be requved fo fo up the hil You should nrow what 8 "ght fr your venice 2.16.3 ~ Brake Fading or Failure ‘iekes are dosigrod so brake shows or pads ro ‘paint te brake cur o ks la slow he venice, Braking crests heat, but brakes are designec 10 tae a oto heat However, brakes can fade ea fom excatsive heat caused by using then loo much era aatreing on the engin baking foe Brake fade @ also affected by sdjusiment To solely Consol s venice, overy brake must do # hare of the work Brakes out of adatment wit op uot iar share Uetore Use Bat ce fojetment. The other brakes can then overeat ‘and fade, and there wll rat 06 enough Braking [vaiable to conta! the vehicle. Grakes can get cut oF adjuscnont cuekly, especialy when they ae Used ot is, brake tings wes Tatar When they ave hot, Therefore, bake adjssimont mus. be checkee equonty 2.464. Proper Braking Techrique Remember, The use of brakes on 2 12g andor steep coungrace to only a supplamect 10 the Brakrg effect ofthe engine. Once ie vehicle isin the proper om gear. i feloring are the proper beng tecoiques: Apply the bakes just hard enough ofa! ado ‘When your speed has been reduced to ‘pproximacly ve ph below your ‘safe send ‘eleare ihe brakes, (his rave applcalen shoud (ast fr about ve secencs } Wen your sousd nas Increased to you" “sate" Speed, repeat step and For exemple, # your “safe” spees ¢ 40 mp, yeu would ne spply the bakes und your speod Feaches 40 mph. You cow apply the brakes hard ‘enough 0 raaly reduce your speed f0 38 mo ‘2d then raloace tho brakes. Repoat this 3 ten ‘a necessary unl you have reachea te or ofr omorade. Escape ramps have been bult en many stoop ‘mountain éovngraces. Escape amps ore mae Hop uneway veries sfelywehout ning ‘ivors and passeneers. Escape ramps use 3 one ‘ed of lose, eat material Io slow 8 Tesaay Vetiele, sometimes In eombinaion wth an \perada sow escape ramp lecstons on yeu rout. Signs show divers where ramp are vealed. Escape ramps seve Ives, equipment 36 e890, Subsections 2.45 and 2.18 fect Your Knowledge +. Wht actors determine your section of 2 “asle. speed when gong down 2 long, sloep downgrade? 2 Why should you be io the proper gear betere staning gown ar? 3. Doserbe tno proper Braking technique wahen” ening “sown a song sees owngraae 4. —_Whattype of vehicles can get stuck on & ratrose-Nehuay cessing? 5. How tong doos ake fr 2 ties! acto tal: unkto ear a ue ween? ‘These questions may be on the Lest. you cant arswor them all reread: subeoctons 216 ane 26 — Bieien FOE2.7 = Driving Emergencies “Trae emergancios occur when two vehises are about to salle. Vehicle emergencies orcur won fre, brakes, softer eros pats fal Faliowing the ‘softy practoes nthe anual cen ho provent emergencies. But Han emergency does happen, your chaneos of aveldng a ash dopend Upon ow well you tae acon. Actions you can ‘ake are dseuss63 dem, 2.17.4 ~ Steoring to Avoid a Crash ‘Stopping is ot always tho safest ting to do in an temergoncy. When you dont have encugh oom to Sop, you may nave to stoc" away ‘Tor what's ‘heed: Remember, you can amostalvays turn 10 iiss an obstacle mare ducky !en You ean sop. (Hot ever. to>heavy vehicles and actors. wth rutile raters may fi over} Koop Both ‘sande on the Steering Wheel. In ar 16 tun qeKy, you mast havea fir ip on {he stesrng whee! vn bat hands. Tho best way to have bath fanés on the wheel, I there I ah femeroone, 1 keep tiem tare ail the ime How co Turn Guickiy end Seflv. A quick tum can be made safely Is done the rit way. Hera ‘be come point tha sale drivers use Do not apply the brake wile you ae uring. Ke ‘ory eat to lock your whodls whe tang that happens, you may sid out of cot ov not turn any more than needed to doar Wwhatover tin your way. The move ssiy you {Wen the crear the chances of a eld or rolover. Be prepared to “counerteer” bas to hen the ‘aheel back inthe other aveton. ence youve Dassod whatever was in your path. Uness you are prepared to courtersow, you won’ beable to 0 it ‘uckly enough. You should thnk of emergency Secrng apd courlersiseing as Iwo paris of one diving acon Where to Steer an onceming dive: has dried io your lane, @ move fo you" right Dest. that (ver roaizes what nat happened. 92. naturl response wi Be return tos oer own lene If something is blocking your path, the best ‘kechon 9 soot i depond onthe station. 4 you neve been using your mics. youl know whch ane empty and canbe sty used ite shoulders car, ging righ may be best No tne ie ley fo bo driving on the shouder bt Bestar FO Bey someone may be passing you on thet. You fh know yu Rave been using your mors. Wyou are blocked on both sides, move to tre fight nay be best At east you woo" tree arene Into an opposing wa lane and a poste head oncatison. Leaving the Roae, In some etnergences, you ‘ney have lo eve aff th ras. Kay be ‘eet Tay ‘han facing clsion wih another vane. Most shoulders ae strong enough te suspet tbe ‘wagit of a lage verse and, thereto, offer an arolable escape aut. Hore are some guilnes you do eave te aod. Avold Braking. 1 posse avoid using the brakes lupe your speed Ras cropped to about 20 moh ‘Then’ brake very gery fo avoid siding on = (obee surfs Koop Cre Set of Wheels on the Paverant, Possible. This haps to mann conto! ‘Stay on the Shoulder. ¥ te shoulder Ie cleat, 3y on Il und your vetcle has come fo 9 step Signa and check your minors before pling back conto re roe Returning to the Rosé. f you ae forced to etry to the road belore you can stop, use he feioning procectre Hold te whoo ighty an tun shart enough to ‘et ight back on te road safely. Dat Ey to edge (racy back on the road. you 8, your toe Fight grab unexpected and you coull lose conte! ‘Wen bot font tes are on te paved surace, covnlerstee:mmediately. Tra two tums should be made ass singe seer counterstesr move. 2.17.2 - How io Stop Quickly anc Safely somebody suddeiy puis out in rot of yu, yout rnatral responce 1 the brakes Ts Is» ood fesponse I here’ enough ostance lo step, nd you usa the bakes cone You should broke in wey tat wil keep your Vehicle 9 avaieh Ine cra allow you to tr Wf becomes necessary. You can use the ‘cortoted baking mained or hela kang” method Controited Braking. Wit his method, you apply the brakes 2s hord-as you con witout accra be wheels. Keep sioeirg. whos: snovenents verymal whie doing Wi. you need Yo make a rger soecng acustment or # the wheats lock relesoe the brakes. Re-apply the bee 9 soon ee you Sisb Beating ‘Apply your brakes al he way Retase brakes nen "heat look vo. ‘As son. a8 the whesle eat cling, apoty tho brakes fuly again car tke up t one second {or the wheels fo start oting ter yor release the brakes" you reanoly ie brakes bole he Wheais saat voting. De vehico wont sraighten en) Lon't Jam on the Brakes, Emergency taking oes nat mean pusting down on the brake podat fas have 88 you can. “ht wey Kop tne whee locked up and casce 2 sud. If the wheds sm siidcing, you cannot cantl he veh 2.17.4 ~ Brake Failure Brakes kept in good condion varty fal, Most hyraute take Jatures cxcut Tor ane fo rearons (Air brakee oro cessed n Section 8), Loss of hyerauieprossue Brake fade on ong Ns Lose of Hydraulic Prosaus. When the system ‘woe Bull up praseure the brake paca wit fel Spongy oF go lo Be for Hore ave some tinge youssndo. Dowrshit. Puting the voile sno a wer goer val nap t sow to venice, amp tho Brakes. Sometimas pumsirg the brake pda! wil generale enovgh hydra pressure 12 ‘opine veh Use the Farking rake The parking of emergency brake separate fom the nyeraulc bate system, Therefore, ca be used to Sow ine Vonile However, be sure To pross th role butlen o” pul the vaease lover atthe seme te. you cso the emergoroy brake to you can adust the brake pressure tod hesp the wheel from looking ee. Fine an Ereape Route. Whi slawirg the vehicle, look or en eseape roto-aneper Se, sie sveat (escape ‘amp. Turing il i 3 Goo way to Sow and top the vente. Mako sure the vehile does ro! sar 08g backwore ter you stop. Put iin low gear, spaly the aarking brake, and, Decestary, oF back ilo sore obstacle at wil Soo the vehi. Brake Fale on Downgrades. Gong slow enough ard brelang prope wil skmos! alvays [lover brake alure on long owsgradee, Ones {he brakes nave flee however, yo ate going (0 rave fo fook outside your vehicle fer someting to stop Your best hope i 20 escape ramp. f there sone, {eral be sre tling you about se Ramos are usvaly located few miss ore the top ef he Gownoroce. Every your, hundreds ol arvers eld Ine to these ne aman i ha eens hy Using escape ramps, Some excapo ramos use of rave! ha resis toe motion of be venice end Erngs tte stop. Oto ‘ora uphil, ueing thes to slop the vohkie cna sot grave! (© hold H's piace. Any tives wo loses brakes going cownhil should use an escape ramp ffs avalabi you don se I your chances of having‘ seus cra may Bese grt. 1 no escs7e samp is valable, £0 the loti hazardous escape route you cansuc> 2s an ope ‘eid ora side road tal ions Ul > rs UD [Make ine move as soen as you kat your brokes ost work Tre longer yeu wat, easier the ‘eric wl g, andthe ardor ite lo to, 27k Ta Fotore Recognize Tire Tailurs. Quickly krowing you have @ tre ‘alr wil ot you have mora tne Io feact Having jest 2 few ex's seconde fo remember what i's youre supposad to do can Fal you The may ens of te ale are: ‘Sound, The loud “bang” of @ Blowout Ie an easly Fecogrized sign, Becnuse. car take @.fow Seconds for yeur vence 19 reac you might was some othe vehi, But any tre you near 3 {re blow, youl be safes lo oesune ts youre, brat. the vehi thampe or vires aa¥y, [may e a sign tat one of he rea es gone ft Wits rear tre, tat ay be the only gn you get. Feel i te steeng feels “heavy” 8 probebiy 2 sign that one. of the font ikes has. ‘otee ‘Somatimas, falue c’'e tea tia wil eavce the vehicle to’ sive. tack and forth o- tent Nowever, due rae tea usally proven i. SR igCanmari rs iene Ms spond to Tire Failure. Whan 8 tie fats, your veliee sin danger. You must rectally Soi ho Steering Wheel Fy. tent ee fat, can wit the slering whe! aut of your hand ‘The only way to prover his 10 keep a frm gr> gn he sooring wroel wih bot hande atl ime. Sta/ Off ho Brake ie Patra lo want o bake fan smergency. However, braking wien a tre has fated could cause ‘ose of con Less youre about run ito something. sty ofthe brake url the vehicle hos slowed down, Then brake’ very gendy pa of te oad, snd top hock he Tres. Atte you've corte 08 sop, get fut ane ener athe tres. Do thie even fhe Vehiee seens 10 De banding sl! igh. I ane of you dual tres goes, the ony way you may know it by cating eat ana leoking a 2.18 ~ Aatilock Braking Systems (ABS) ABS is @ comcuterized system that keeps your ‘whew “rom locking up during. hard brake ‘soptcations ‘ABS ison ation to your normal brakes. dose fot cecrease or inereose your normal bracing apsbily. ABS only acavats when wats are boat tack vp, ‘ABS does nol necossariy shorten your stooping ‘aires, but t does help You Keep the venice tuner cont during herd braking 2.18.1 ~ How Antilock Braking Systems Work Sonsxrs ect potential wheel ‘oc up. An ‘lector contro! unt (ECU) wil thon dosresse brake pressure to avo wheel ockup. Brake pressure is adlustes © provide the mmaxrum baking vihoo! Sanger of ose, ABS works fr faster than the iver can respon to potential whoa lockup” Atal othr tes the bake ‘yslor wil operate normaly, 2.182 Vehicles Required to Have Anailock Braking Systeme The Deparment of T:ansporation sequres that ABS too Truck rectors wih sie bokes buit en or afer Mares 1 1097, Otter a brake vehicles, (rcks, buss, tales ‘ro convertor olss) button or fier Mosh 4 ‘ove. Fydavicaly braked wucks and buses wih a grose vohiele weight ating of 10,00 Ibe ox more but on eater Mare 3 1090, any commorcal vehicles bust before these dates have been volunaty guppec wi ABS 2.48.3 ~ How to Know If Your Vehicle is Lguipped with ABS Tractors, tucks, and buses wi have yellow ABS _mafurtcion lam onthe not panel Tears wil rave yolow ABS ratunaton iam on the le se then 9 ont rea come. Dollies merkfactret on oF ater March 1, 1098, srerequred to have a lamp on he let sce [As 2 system chack on rover vehicles. the ‘matineton ‘amp comes on tsar for a bulb ook, and than goes out qulcky. On ade Systems, the lamp coud slay on tl you ste Atving ove tive eam 1 te lamp staye on ate the buy chack, or goes ‘22 onew you are under way, vou may have st ‘ns cont In the case of towed units marufctued before i ‘yas fequred by the Deparimen’ of Traneporston, ‘Umay be oii elf te unt is equipped wn ‘ABS. Look under the voice forthe ECU and ‘es! speod sensor res caning rom the back of the bra. 2.184 - How ABS Helps You ‘ran yeu brake herd on sipsery surfaces in a wohice without ABS, your dete may lock up Winen your sleenrg! waees lock up, you lose Stoering conv Whe yor ether wheels ok up YOU may sk ack, even spn the vice, [ABS helps yeu avo whee! lock up ard maintain ‘onto. You may may not be set stop fase with ABS, bul you sho be abe (steer ound ‘an obstade wave brakng. anc ao lida cause by over raking. 2.16.5 ~ ABS ea the Treetor Dniy ev Only on the Yretor “Be i 8 eeeoneal vr cage Marl Having ABS on only tho actor, only the wae, even an orly one axe, ell gves you More canvl var he vetclecurng braking, Broke oraaly. nen eny he vector has ABS, you snould be ale to maintain slowing contol and thoro i less hance of Joctknifing. Sut keep your eye on Ine trator andl up on ze brakos (you can safe do 6) fitbegns fo suing ou. Wien ony the ler has ABS, the wale is tees ely v9 swing ou, Buf you le Sterng conte ster tractor [actif at up on th Pralos (F YoU can safely dos0) uth yo regs conta, 2.18.8 braking with ABS mn you cive a venice wit) ABS, you ssould brake ae you aways have. n other words: Use only the braking free necesary to on cafely ‘and say in conta Brake the seme way, rgarcess of wheter you have ABS onthe bus, waco, te varer, of toh ‘AS you slow down, martor yeur Vatit ane var and back off the Brakes (FUE safe to do ©} 0 ‘hy cor. ‘There is only ene exception to this proces. you dive @ sist Wek or cambinaton with ‘Wolk ABS on all axles, n'an emerge sop, ‘you can ‘sy apy ine bakes. 2.18.7 — Braking 1 ABS Is Not Working \ithovt ABS you sll have normal Brake functone Drve anc orake as you always have. ‘Vehcls with ABS have yetow matuncton lamps {otel you someting sa woking As a syston check on never vohices, the meter lamp comes en at sar.up for & bulb Check ang Dien goss out duchy. On’ aldo Systems, the lamp. cout slay on Unt you eve tvng over fve mp, If te lamp stays on aftr the bulb check, or goes fon once you ave Underway, you may have et ‘ABS son enone or mere unas, Remember, # your ABS matuncions, yox st hve rogue brakes, Dive normaly, Bt got he Sysco £6r/ced 800, 2.16.8 » Saiety Reminders [ABS wont alow you to cre fase, fouew more ‘ose dive less careful [ABS wort prevent pover or umnng skds-A3S, Should prevent trace induced eke er ackintes But wot howe causes oy spinning the erive whee or gong to fastn ur [ABS wort necessary shonan stoping dlstarco. [ABS wil op manisin vette one, Bet a ‘ivays shoe; sopping ditanc. [ABS wont cleave or doeoase utinate topping ower-ABS fs 81" aot-on to yeur noma! Drakes hota ropacemanr fr thm, {ABS wont change the way you normaly broke Under neal brake condtons, your veticl wil slop as 1 avaye stopped. ABS only comes bto ay when 2 whee would nomally hve eked UP becalse of over broking, ‘ABS won compencate for bad brakes 0 poot bake mantenanee. Remember’ The best venice saat fete ie ‘si fe civer, Remember” Dive 9 you never need to vse your ABS. Remember i you need &, ABS could help to revert seous crash 2.19 ~ Skid Control atid Recovery ‘skid happens whenever the es lose thei fn te road "hs ss eacsed inne of four Ways ‘verbraking. Baking too har an oking up the wheels. Sas algo ar occur when using te ‘Speed retarder when the rod i sppry ver steering. Tuning the wheels more sharply than tne veils ean tan, Over-scceertion. Supplying too much powor 16 the cive whee's, causing tem 108, Driving Tou Fast Most sorious ski result fom ‘rving Yoo fa for read candions. Drivers who aijus ther ding to cones dort over fanoderale and Cont have Yo over brake Over floor rom too nue spocd 2.19.4 ~ Drive whee! Skids By fac the most common skid is ona in wich the ‘eer whacls i058" Laeton though excnecve Braking or sczoiraton.” Skuse caused by secelestion usualy appe on ice Ot siwh! ‘Tang your fot of re sesslerater can easly sop them. (is vey slope, push ine ch Gihe=ase, s29 angine can keep the hes ror rofing freely ane ragaing aor) aVonlcs towing vat, 0 devewhee! Wd an let the walor push the towing vehicle sdoways, causing a wudeen ackkife. See Figure 2:78. Figure 2.19.2 Correcting a Drive-whee! Braking ‘Skid Do the folowing to comect # rvawhee! braking id ‘Stop Braking, This wil lo the rear whoo rol ‘agen, and Keep the rear wheds tom sing. CCountersteer. As a voici tums back on course, 1Chas tendency t keop on tung. Unies yo lume sleeng wheal aucky the ether way, you ‘ay fnd yourself skidding nthe oppose recton. Loarning to stay of the brake, turn the staring wool quick, push inthe clutch, and counters Ina std takes a ot of practoe. The best place fo ‘gal thi precios i ona large dving range orkid son 2.19.3 = Front-wheel Skids Diving to fst for constions causes mest front: heel skids. Other causes clude ack of baad on ‘he front tres and cargo loaded so net enough \woight fon th Font mle. In 8 Font-whee! etd, tho: front ‘ond tends to gona. svaight Tbe regardess of how much you tum the slong wheal. On a very lippey surface, you may net be able to ster around'a curve or ta. Wen a fontwhoe! skid cocus, te enty way 0 Stop the ak is to lt the venice low down. Stop tuming endfor braking 0 hard. Sow down 26 ‘auioky 2s posse whostskieding ‘Subsections 2.17, 2.18, and 2.19 Test Your Knowledge Wat an “eseape ramp?” Wa te blows out, you shoul put he brakes ‘gn hard to stop quickly. True of False? How do you knw if your vee hs entlook brakes? Wat the proper braking technique when Svng a vane wth ang Paks? ow do anloos brakes help you? "phew xe ‘Those questions may be on the tee. you cant angwor tho al re"ead subsections 2.17, 218 end 19, ee Breton Dring Say Faommacin over inns ann! 2.20 ~ Accident Procedures wien youre in an socient and nt eerously ur you reo to ac. to prevert futher demage of Inury “The base stope to be token at any acetdent rete: Protect the roa. Not actors. Carafe heinires, 2.20.7 Protect the Area “The ft hing to do at an accident soon to koe anathorecedont from happor'"g' the sarse spo. ‘Toprotect the scctent oe Hf your vetil a invoved inthe acide, ty to get ‘Lo the si of the road Ths ws hep event fnotne:seedent and slow wtf move I yeuire stopping 10 hob. park away trom the foddent, “The. sree immediatly around. the fcccen! willbe noeded fr emergency veniles. Puten your fashers ‘Set Out reflecive tangles to wam other a Flake eure ober eves can eee them i time fo ‘avoid te acoder 2.20.2 - otity Authorities if you have @ cal phone or CB, cal for esistance before you get out of your vehi not, wa und ter the secdent.boo%e has_boon propery Protectae, then phone oF eend scwiaone fo phone {Be potee. Try to determine where you are £0 you can eve the ena icabon 2.20.3 ~ Care fer tho Injurec! 1¥ 2 qualfed person set the sccfent and heiping the inured, say out of the vay unless asked 10 ‘88st Oerwis, do the best you can to Pep any ured parios. er are some simple slaps to ‘slow in ging ssstonen Dont move a coverely injured perton unis the ange of tre or passing tafe mates necessary. Stop neswy loding by appiing croc pressure to the wound, ‘oop thence nerson warm, “Truck fres can 08:88 damage 276 injury. Learn the causes of fes ara how to prevent ners, now ‘at eo extinguish tee 221.1 ~ Causes of Fire The folowing are some causes of vetici a: ‘ior hesident, Spied 0, inoper use of Saves ‘Tres. ndarinited tres and vas that och, eeticel System. Séort orests due Yo damaged Ineultion, ieee eonrections, Fal. Driver sncking, improper fueling, oose fue ‘omens. Cargo, Fammabie capo. impropety sealed ‘eaded cargo, oor venttaton 2.21.2 Fire Provention Pay atenion to te folring Pretip Inspacton. Make a compiate Inspection of ‘ho egctieal at and exhaust systems, ies, and cargo. Bo size to check tal the fre extaguihr i carpe En Route Inspection, Check the tres, wneas, and truck body for sigra af Neat whenever You top during 2 Foor Sate Procedures, Fallow correct safely procacuas ‘or fusing the venice, sing orakes, anaing fare, ae over activi tat ean cause aire, Nonteing. Chock the instverents and gauges sf fr sian of overheating are uso the mirrs tolook for igs of soko tam es: We orice. Caton. Use norma! eauton a hanging anything Tammatie 2.21.3 Fire Fighiing rowing howto gh fs is importa. Drives who Gia know what to do ave made rea wares Koow how the re extinguisher vores. Shy Instuctons preted onthe extnguane’belore you need ik Here are como pracocues to folow f ase of fe Paul) Of the Rose. The ft stop is 10 get the \ebiee off the Yea snd sop In dong 0 a in an open sea, away from bulge, Woes brush, ofher vehiecs, or anjing that might ote Dont pulito a service sient Nelly arergeney Se'vees of you problem your loeston Keep the Fire tron) Sareading. Before yng 0 ut out she fhe, make sure that coment epread Sry ener Fain Dae aay aTwin an engine fre, tum of the engine 98 8000 22 you ean. Dent open Be hed you ean avel ‘Shoot fear rough lowers, radiator. of rom the vehioe's undersice Fra caro fren san or box Walle, keep the foors ‘shut, expecially your cage contains Fezaréous tatorals. Opening to van doors wal supply the fre wit oxygen anc can cause W 10 bore vor fast, Entinguch dhe Fre, Hare ae some rls oft In ptng out oe: inen using ine extinguisher, say a5 fr away from the re as 008s temas. Use the Right Fle Eningulshe Figures 2.20 and 221 dolak the type of the ‘otinglisha lo Use by 223s offre ‘The BC type fee extinguisher i designed to work onelecrea fret and bung gud. Fhe ABC type is designed i werk on buring wood, pape. and cle 26 wa ‘Water can be used 09008, paper. or coh, but oni use water on an olctiea fre (can cause shock) e*#gasotn ire (kml spread te Nar es). Abvening te must bo cool. Lats of water may ferequred IF youre: not sure what to use, especialy on & hatardous mater re, wa for hetipters Postion yours upwind Let the wind carry the fexingu aero the fre Gone ontt whatever was buming has been pole. Absance of smoke or are doesnot ean the fre cant estant apie ae ere en a is a Een reoems Heat Shislding using carbon Dioxide or ‘Sie as Carbon Dione ory 3] Fis Comburitie Meta rguh byUsirg Species Exangiating Powsers Figate 20 eee Dha say [-Gises of retype of Bxinguisher —] Gass of Fe | —_ Fle Extinguisher Type —] 4,8, € a0 —| Mul Pupoeo Ory Cooma D Purple K Dy Crema Bare KGL Oy Cromes 7 ‘By Powor —Spa0ar ‘Compound eae ‘Carbon Dios Or Bere Faiogaraiod Agent (Gas) & War ry ator Wi aaa aa ‘Walrad Steam Sif ‘Subsections 2.20 and 2.24 Test Your Knowledge 1. What are some things to 60 at an aiden scene o preven another sciden'? 2. Name two causes of te free, 5. What Hinge of fe ie'a BC extngvener ot ged tr? 4, When ute your extinguisher, snout you galas close es possbleto the ie? 5, Namesome cauues of voile es These questions may be on the tot you cant answer ther al rend subessons 220 and 2.24 ——— Rete2.22 ~ Alcohol, Other Drugs, and Daiving 222.1 Alcoho! and Driving De nking alcool and than diving every dangerous ‘nd 2 saraus problem, Peopa wo zinc leche fro myoived i Latic ascents resuting nover 20,000 deaths every year Alcona imps muse oerdination,restion tre, depth aeeanton, ad fight viion Walco affects to pat of he bran ‘hat conal juogment and snbtion. Far some Bonle, one Grink is takos to show sgne of patent How Alcohol Works. Alcohel goes drecy into the bloed stoam and is cared to me bran. Aker passing thracgn the bin, ema percentage Femoved in urns, prepetion, and by beating. ‘while the ret cared fo the wer The wer ea ‘only process onedhvd an unas of alahol per our neh is eonsderahy les than the oes 2 standard dk. “hs 2 fed rae, $0 0°) te fot black soles ora end shaver, wil sober You {p. you nave ins eter than you: Body Can ‘et ld hem, you wi Rave ror sesh in your Body, anc your ding wi be mere effeced. “he Blood Aleahol Conceataton (BAC) cemmaniy ‘esaures te amount of seaha in your bey Se Figure 222, [Al of flowing rinks contan the some amount falcon A t2.curce gloss of 5 ber |AS-cunco gas o 12% wine. [R1 tidounce shot o 80 root quer Wat Determines Blood Alcon! Concentration? BAC ia determined by amount of aleel you dn (more aleahol means nigner Bac), how fost yoo divk (lester Grnking means higher BAC). and your wernt (a smal porson dons have to nk ab much lo reach th same BAC). Alcohol and the Brsin, Alcona afcts more and ‘move o the bain as BAC Bul up. The ist pet of be bran afecied contol judgman. and ea {onto One of Pe bad things about tis can Keep crintrs tom knowing ey ae geting unk. ‘Ard, of course, good judgment and seecorval are ‘sso necessary for soe dro. Sh aR aa hat atfrtshtman periermnce © aoe t a day dforence wed Ss ean Somes thom “a couple of Leura aor | 8 glaseas of wine or ro enota 9M Busse Koons Bl sop Wosn! sae socynonromes | ena] 2 3 @ |e 8 3 a [8 Ce |e | re ert - ® & Sie DC aaah mien ot eng Oe inh 25 oy oF 0 pees guar 12 a2 of bee, LecSoz oft wine Figure 272 [As BAC continues to bulé 9p, mute conta Vision, and coorinaon ate ated move. 2nd more Elects dinang ry include ‘Sradding ares (Qu joy stars No inal, “Been a Seton dora seCannes Overs Liens tual uning sp a ana ts improper passing See Figur 2.28 ‘Tease oflocts mean iereased chances ofa erosh ond chances of losing Your divers. lconse. ‘Rozen eases sho the the hance ofa each Is much grater for crvers wna nave boon deine, than fr arvers who have na. o— Hiaeie OF nore sions ecto: Contant | 1 od bere st wg) ano he Strona you ceneun ae" ve fo? at ou sin. Tho fet” you di ho Neher you" Eng oe the er can oly Neneh toot ane oak portour est balls opin yor ood aac | erect on tony | GESTS [ae | SESE | ents | Tae aE 05 | Netcast ralmacon, | AUER, cananann | Ooo 6 | ssorinaion (npod esmert—_| juioment. } aay pao to [emarasang, | Reuctonn Senaormcos | masons feared baareoe 15. | movornt cosy | Umbito ove 30 | consciousness. [eo Stamm aor nada BRE ot 40 moana hat T0 oT TT S| ou adc oe rue 2.23 How Alcoho! Affects Driving. All rivers are aifeced’ by elaking aioe Aone a¥ects judgrin, vison, coorainatan, and raacton time ‘ges cenous diving errs, ona. Incrensed action time to hazarcs Driving fe fa or t0 sow, Driving nha wong ane ‘alana rina Frning over the cu Wenn. 222.2 - Other Drugs Besides alco, eter logal er saga drugs 10 boing used more sen. Laws promt possersion ute of any drugs white on duty. They pri being under the iiuence of ary “eonloled substance amphetamines (reuding ‘pep ps” uppers and "bennies"), narcaten, oc any Other substance whict can maa the drwer unas, This ‘ould include a arty of peserption and oversho ‘ounter ergs (cols medines), which may aks tho diver drowsy or oherige tect sate ong Bbliy. However, possession ard use of @. ug ‘ven to a sive by a doc Is pernited te ‘octor ‘farms the diver that wl nok fect eae ‘ving abity. Py stanton to warring labs for tegilmate ruse ‘6 medias, ond Yo doctors creer “eg=rdn9 posse ofects Stay Say tom ilegel suse. Don use any cr that hides fatgue-the ony cure ‘octatgue & est Aeaho: ean make the etfocs of cher drvgs much worse. The safes rule i des ridge ih ving at Use of crugs can leat trate accents rasultog In death, uty, and. property darcage Furermaro, ican lea to eres, nes, and fa ‘enlorces ican also rao tha enc of arson ring career 2.23 Staying Alert and Fit te Prive Ding 0 vehicle for tong hours i ng. Even the best of evers wih become lee slat Hower there are tinge thal goed erver do to help say slot and sate, 2.294 ~ Re Ready ta Drive Get Enough Sloep. Sleep isnot Ike money. You con't save tp aad of ime and you cart ares But, jst as wien maney, you can go no debt vit it you dent sleap encugh, you "owes ore ‘oop to yours. This debt can ony be pald of by Seoping. You cant overeame wi willpower ad i'wont go away by teat. The average pe'son needs seven c eght hours of sleep every 2¢ hours Leaving on along tp when yous aready sus tht you gel enough #09 Fae‘Scheduie Tepe Safe. Try to arrange your Schodtle so you are natn "seep debt before @ long if. Your body gets used ta sleenng dung cone heute you ae ving tng those hours, You wil fo fxs slot poceble, uy t schedule {pe forthe ses you ato nermaty awake. Way heavy imsior vehicle. accden's occur between ‘ridigh and 6 am. Tired ervere can easly fll asleep al these tes, especially they Gon? ‘egulany ive at tmose hours Tring 1 push on ‘nd fish a long Up at ese tes can be very Gangorous. Exercise Regularly. Rewsiance to fatigue ane Improved tees ae among the Benes o regular cxercse. “ryt ceporaie exes nl your Say io. nstoad of sting and watuning TV i Your ‘Seaper, walk og 2 fow aps around the paring Tot Aide of daly exercise wll ave you energy tProughot the day, Eat Healy. fis often hard for civars to td Peatny fond. But etn a ike ena tor. you con ea: heally, oven on the road. Try to. nd resins wih healthy, betanced meats. ft you Irom eat i fastlood reavents, eX lost ows. Anchas snp way lo reduce Your calore Intake iste oimirate fatering snacks. Istond, by frultor vegetation ‘Avoid ideccaton, Many medicines can make you lepy. Theoe that do have 8 aoe! wartng apna peating vehicles or machinery. Theos {nmon redicine of ths type is a” eriary cals Dil yeu have fo crv wha col, you ae beter {F siferng fem the cold than from te ets of the medicre, ‘sit Your Doctor. Ressiar checkups iterally can be lesaves, nesses ch ae dabetes, heart isease, and skin and clon concer can be ‘elected estly ane treated fond in tie, You shout consut your physician o stra eon inorder cote # you slr or ecuent dayeins Sleepiness, have difcatysleepng at nah take frequent naos, fal aslegp ot svange ines, snore Tou, gasp ang choke in your sleep, ane wake up feeling 25 though you have not hac enough ‘loop. 2.23.2 = hile You Are Driving Keep Goo! & tot pooty vantisted vehicle can raze you sleepy. Keep the wnéew or vont lacked ooen oF Use the al conlioner i you have one Tana re Ba Toke Breeks. Shot brass can keep you alt. Bt the tme te ake them i befor. you feel aly owsy oF tree. Step often. Wake around ord Inspect you vehicle. mey help io 0 some pysial @xerion, Bo sur to take @ mi-atorneon book and pi to seep between mignight and 6 ar. Recognize the Danger Cignsis of Drowsy Driveg. Seep i not voliniary youre drm, you coh fal sleep ard naver ven row I Ys 2 drowsy, you te lca tohave. mre leaps Bot naps tht lst sree Tou o fv second, A 85 mils an hous, thats more an 100 yards, anc sleny of tmo fer @ caah. Even i you are not nae f being drowsy, you have 2 oop dest you are st at rsk. Hare rea few waye fo tl ‘YouTe about ofl asleep you experiance eny of hese danger signe, take hem as a warning st YoU coulda atop whet eaning to Your eyes close o go ou of focus by themsstes. ‘You have rouble noopin you head up You cant stop yaening ‘rounave vanderng, eeconnectes troupes. ‘You dot emamb diving the lat ffl You dis between lanes ialgate, 0° miss vate stone ‘Yo eop jerking the tuk bee into te ane You have died of the rad are naronty missed crachine. Ifyou have even one ofthese symptoms, you may be in canger of fang asleep. Put off the read in sale place and take nap 2.28.3- When You Do Becume Sleepy When you are stepy, tying to “push on” is far more dangerous han most divers fink. Wis a train cause of fatal sess He are sore pert rules to flo Siop to Steep. Whon your body needs s'cep, Shoop is the only thing thal wi werk you have fo make 2 stop anyway, make It whenever you fel he fist sgn of slospinees, even Fite carer te you plane. 8y geting up alte carer te nox fay, you oan keep on scctle without he danger (of cring white yu ae at ler Take 3 Nao. yu son sop othe ig ot ast pote ats sfe psn, euch ov aes eso ck Ep tate sno, Aap on shure 2 abhor ‘itso wore to cveconeatgoe has 8 hab Shee son PagesJivold Onigs. Thor are no drugs that can overcome being Ue Wie they may Keep you ‘wake for € while, they vont make you sort And {ventualy, youll be even more fred than f yOu act akon fw atl Sip he ony tung tha an overcome fatigue, Do ot. Do ot rely on cafes or ancther source of ealfeine fo keep yeu ava. De net count on the Fadi, Bn epan index or ther tekst keep you 228.4~Iiness Once in a wile, you nay Become so i that you farnol oper’ maior vohice eat. fhe happens to you, you Must rol div. Howevee In ese of an’ emergency. you may. rie to the nearest place wnere yeu can safety stop. 2.24 Hazardous Weterials Rules For All Commercial Crivers AY divers should know something about hazordocsmateiale. You must be able 0 Fecogrize hazardous cargo, and you mest know ‘ehether or not you can Raul whout having 2 hazardous materls erdorserien! on your COL feenee. 2.241 - What Are Hazardous Materials? ‘azardous merle are products that pose rik to heal” fet, x6 propery Sung ransporation, Gee Figue 224, 224.2 Why Are There Rules? ‘You must fotow the many rules about wanaporting hazardous materi. The lent of hele Contain te proce. ‘Communist the rik, [Enaur safe drivers anc equim. To Contain the Product. Many hazardous procuets ean inure or ll en contac, 1o protect vers. and others ‘rom coach the ren tel Shipers Row 10 oeckace Safty Sin res fe Grvers bow to 188, vanepor, ano anioad bulk lank. hese are coviarnont ios (ees oe ‘tines [ose exenpie + fesccsnee | Dyramte Prevents 3 Propo: Oa 2 | Caves eum 3 | Fanmave Ferrata - ee ee | en 5 ownes | Saat rhropen erste esis 2 | roone Beste ren, [7 [Radoaaive | Sarees a canoe Fyoc oe ARE [etic | fy [Rete romance, | Nowra _| Asbestos ‘ORNS Or i one [Reaueted Tae spay or | Netea Chavos Domest) : Nowe” | Combusible | Foe Oe, Tahar ne | oes Er Tgow aa ‘o Communicate the Ret. The shipper wos 9 oping paper ane amond shaped Narard sbela wai doekworars and driver fhe =k ‘tar an sont or Raaos maeloio you. maybe injured and unebe. communicate the nazar 9 he materia yor 6 Iransporing. Fretightrs nd potce can prevet ot reduse the snout of damage or hry 2 Ihe cone if they know what havardous matrls are Being caries. Your If and the lives of ober say depend on quickly ‘oeaing the pazarius materials shipping pepe's. For that reason, you ‘must tab shoping papers related to hazarsoos Materals cr Keop thom o top of ether sheping fapers. You must ate keep shoping paper: Ing pouch ante drivers door, oF ‘neler viow wt reach whi ering. ot (One aver seat when cuts the vente 2.24.3 ~Liets of Reguteted Produe’s Placards are used to wain obers of hazards mates. Pacerds ae signs put on te ose of Sven her leevtly te hazard case oF 0\onmacia rer ice Manat cago. A placard vehicle must havea east four Idencalplacarés. They are put on te fone {2nd both edes Pacarde rust be readele rom a four directions, They are atleast 10 814 inches square, urmed upright on @ pol in a diamond Shape.” Cargo tanks and osher bulk peckegng “spay the Mordeaton numberof ther conten ‘on placards oF orange nals dentification Numbers are a four cg code ured by fret responders to ientty hazardous materials. 2 iderieaton number may be used to Idertty ‘more than one chemiesl on sing papers The ‘deniicalon numbor wil be proveted by the leters "NA" or "UN" The US DOT smergoncy Response Guidebook (ERG) Wertiios me ‘chemicals al sSentizton numbert ar sabgned © No al vehicos caning hazardous materials neod to have picerds. The rules about placards are ‘von in Socten 9 of he manual You ean dive 8 ‘ohio that carries hazardoue mati t doe ‘ot require placards. If requires plesards, you Cannot de unless your ever Sanco has fhe Fezardous materials endorsement Soe Figure 228, “The rues require al drivers of placard vehi to learn ‘how to said load and. vansport hazardous products, They must have a commercial iver ieanee wih the hazardous. materials ‘endorsement. To get the required endcrsement you must pass a written test on mater foun in Seton 9 of tis manual A tank endesement ie required for cera voices tat rensport que ‘races. Tho laud or gas dove nt have to be 9 hazardous mater. A tank endorsement Is ony ‘cued if your venice needs @ Cass Aw BCDL. ‘pd. your vehicle has a. permanently: mounted fargo tank of any capacity: or your vehi is taryng a porabla tank wih 2 capacty of 1,000 ‘gallons or more. Devers who oad the hazardous mais endorsement must lea the plead rues. I you 0 not now f your vehite needs placards, Sk Your employer. Never dive a vohice.neoding Placards triers you have the hazardous mates ‘ondersoment To do sols 2 erime. When stopped, ‘You wil be ced an you wil not be owed 16 ‘ve your ck urbe 1 wt coat You to and ‘money A fale to placard when noedod ray rick our Ife. and others f you have an sosdart Ermerooney help wil not know of your hazardous PLACARDS Figure zs Hazerdous materi crvers must seo know which products they can fod togoter, and whch they ennot These rules are azo In Sarton 9. Before toading a buck with mere than on ype of produc, ‘You must know ¥ is safe fo lod them together. ti YoU donot ow, ask your employer ‘Subsections 2.22, 2.23, and 2.24 ‘Test Your Knowledge Common medicines for colds ean make you sleepy. Tue o Fae? ‘What shoud yeu do if you become slaepy fie ving? Carfeo and & lke fh ar vat help & Gieker sober up. Tru o Fase? Wiha is 9 hazarious mati placard? ity ae locas used?” What "sloop abr"? Witat are the Sanger signals of crowey ives? ‘These questions may be onthe test. Ifyou cart answer thom al, reread subsectors 222,223, ne 22h, eweSection 3 TRANSPORTING CARGO SAFELY “Thie Section Covers + Inspecting Carge + Carge Weight and Galance * Securing Carge © Cargo Needing Sonia! Attention “hie section tes you about saving cargo ste You must undereand bane cargo safety las to getacoL, you joad cargo wrong er do not secure i it can ba'a danger to others and yours Loose cargo {tat ‘als off a vee can cause trafic probiems fd alors cous be fur or ll. Looke cargo ould hur or Kl you ekrg 2 quick stop or creeh Your vente cous be camaged ty an overced Stosrng could be affecia by how a vente leaded, making # move et to eon the meiner or not you load and secure the cargo Yours you ae feepansits for Inspecting your earg, Recognising everoeds and poctly balanced neigh ‘row your cargo is properly secured end does fot cbeestsyovr vi: ahead o tthe Ses, Kroweg your cargo does not estet your acess toeme-goncy equpeent Ie you Intend to cory hazardous material tat requres pacers on your vehicle, you ll also ‘eed fo have a hazardous mates endorsemant ‘Sein @ of ths manual tas the information OU eo to pass the Mazarcout males fst 34 —Inspeeting Cargo [As part of your retin inspection, make sure the {nick is nol overoades andthe cargo ls balnod 4nd sacred propery ‘ite: Sivaing. inspect the cargo and its seeing Gevloes agen vwihin the fist_50. mis ater ogineing ¢ bp. Mite any sjustrents needed ant arin ay Roscheck. Recheck the cargo ad. securing eves a6 often 25 necesary during a vip 1 Keep the loeetecure, You nee ie nspect spain ‘lies youhave diven for 3 hors of #80 ees. ‘Air every oak You axe ching crving Fedora, state, and local rogations er comercial vohice weight, seutng oxo, covering oats, and hare you car d:ve lags vehicles vary fxm place To pce. Kron te tes whee you wil De ory. 2.2- Weight and Balance ‘You ee reaponsit for not being overoades. The ‘olin ar some dofitlore of weg you 8015 nou, 3.2.4 Definitions You Should kno {Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW). The toll weigh of a singe vahicie pus ts fos, Grose. Combination Weight (GOW). The tl weight of @ powered unk, dus Wales), lus be corse. Gross Vehicle Weight ating (GVWK). The maximum GVW specified by he manufacturer fr 3 rage vail pis son. Gress Combination Weight Rating (GOWR). “The maxinam GOW epected by the manufac! fora spect combination evan pues ed ‘ale Weight. The weight waesmlied tothe ground ‘by one axe.r one eto ve. “re Load, ‘he maximum see weight tre can amy at aspect pressure Ths rang ls salad ‘nthe de of each Le. Suspension Systems. Suspension ystems hve manufacturers weigh eapscy fg, Coupling Deviee Capacity. Couping devices are Fated fo the maxieum weg hey can 3 anon can, 322- egal Weight Linits You must hoop weights witin ‘egal leis. States have’ mcuimume ‘er GVW, GCWs, and. ale ‘weigts Oren maxim ae weights arm eet by 8 biidge formula. A Ordge frmula permis ass raximum ale weight for ges at ae loss {ogethor This ie" prevent ovatoacing.beges sre ronoway BeatCOveroacing can have bad effects on steering, brating, and peed cont Overloaded tucks have 1000 very slowly on Upgrades. Worse, thy may gain too much speed on downgrades. ‘Stepping Getanosinroasas, Brakes an fal whon ferent wark fo Pare During bad weathor or in mountsins itmay not be safe fo operate ot fgal maximim weigh. Take thi nto sexoum boore sng. 82.3 ~ Don't Be Top-heavy “The height ofthe vehces conta of rays very ‘porta er eae handling A high carter a prov (Cargo pled up hgh or haze cargo on ep) moans youre rere lke} top over. is moet dangerous In carves, or you Rave to sworve to avld 2 Rezard is very important dbo the ergo spits as low as posoble. Put the heaves pars of ‘he cargo undor the ightest parts 3.2.4 Balance the Weight oor weight balance can make vehicle handling unsafe. Too much weight onthe steering ade can Cause hard staring. N can damage te sleering ‘ue and tres, Undar leaded tron aos (caused by ‘Shing Welgt to far to te rear) can make the Steering ale wold oo ight ster safely. Too {tte weight onthe stvng ales can cause poor tracton. The drive hols may epn easy. During Ded weather, th truck may not be eb t keop gong. Weight that loaded so thore Ie a Figh Gorter of gravity coutos greater chance of lover. n't bed venice, theres alsa a restr chance thatthe load wil shift tothe side or fal of. Sew Figxe 3.1 3.3 - Securing Cargo 3.3.4 ~ Blocking and Bracing Blocking fs used in tho front, back, andlor sides of 2 pleoe of cargo to keep fom sling. Blocking Shaped to ft srupy against cargo. tis secured to the cargo dock to prevent cargo. movement Broong_ ft sso vsed’ to prevent movement of ‘argo Bracing gose from the upper pat of tho carpe to the foor anclor wale of Ne cargo ‘ompanment. dw at i Figures 8.3.2~ Cargo Tiedown (On flatbed tralers oe tailors wihout sides, cargo ‘must be secured to keep I fom shifting or fang (fn dosed vans, Yedowns can also be importa fo prevent cargo. shiftng. tat may affect Ihe handing ofthe vehi. Tedowns mus! be of he Proper ype and progersrengih, Federal Foptlatione require the agoregste work lad it ff ary secuement system used to secure an ‘ticle or group of artes agains! movement must bevat least one-haf tes te weight of the ate © goup of artes. Proper Nedown squipront ‘ust be use, ineuding ropes, taps, chains, and tensioning devices (winches, reichets, caching ‘companerts) Tedowrs must be atiachod to the ‘ohicle corey (hook, bots, ras rings). Soo Baan Tapa oT BAY‘cargo shoud have at last one tedown for each ten feet of eargs. Mate sure you have enough ttavore fo meet tue need. No mala how emai the argo, shou have a ast two towne ‘There aie spacial raqulements for secung valous Reavy pieces of mel Find oul whet thoy re you re to cary such ood 3.5.3 Header Soards Frontend header boads headache racks?) ‘rotect you fron you" cargo in ease of eso oF fmergency sop. hake suo he fert-end svete fein good contin. The fortend sructre shod ‘Bock the Tonware movement of sry cargo ya cary, 5.34 Govering Carge “Tere are wo bese reasons fox covering cargo: To potet peopl rom sled ears. To protect te cargo ror weather ‘Spit protection Is 9 safety eculment in meny sates. Bo orlar wih te we Inthe states yor even Yeu should oa« at you cargo coves inte miors tram tme 10 time whie civeg. A Napping cover an tear loose, uscovering the cargo, ae pose Dly Bock your vew-orsomoone aces, 3.3.8~ Sealed and Containerized Losds Contained losds generly reused when ‘fogs card part way by ral or ship. Devry by Ick occurs al the ogling arfor end f tre joumay, Some contaners have tha own todown eves rocks fe! atch drecty to @ spec) frame. Cihere have to 90 losded onto. fat bos tales, They must De properly secur jst Keo ary oer cago. You cannot Inspect seated fads, but you should check that you dont exceed goes weight and axe ‘we ks 3.4 Cargo Neading Special Attention 341~ Cry Belk Diy bulk tanks roqure spec care because they have a high center of auly, 37d the lad can shit Be exweney callous (slow anc carta) foing ard curves making eharp hens estar Tota Cos Bay 34.2~Honging ideat Hanging mest (suspended boet, pork, lam) i a Fetigerted wack cane a vary etal ed 2 high contor of graviy. Particular cauton is heeded on sharp curves such a of ramos and on rape. Ga siomy 34.3~ Livestock Livestock can move around in wae, causing Unsafe handing, With ‘eet than'@ fl oss, Use faite bulkheads 16 koep lvestoce -wunched togeier, Even when bunched, specs! cote resedsary bersute Ivestock can lean on coves This eh the center of grevy and maces roiover motels, 94.4. Oversized ioads COverength,overwits, ander overweight loads require spacil varsit permis Oring is usualy Timed to catan tines. Special equipment may be novessary such a6. ‘wide “oad” signs, flashing gs, fags, le. Such loads may require = polos fico oF plot vance, bearing. waning signe {reo fasting igs. These spac Toads roqure Spec denieg cate Section 3 Tesi Your Knowledgo 1. What ‘our things related to cargo are arvorsresgons for? How eten mst you stop while onthe road toeneck yur cargo? How is Grose Combination Weight Rating ferent rom Grose Combinaton Weight 4, Name two stvatone where aga! maxnam weights may not be sate Wnt ean happen f you don hove enough wight on te fant ae? 6 What the mvmum nombe of Bedours fer ary tat bed ined? 7 Wihat isthe minimum numberof tedoune ‘ere 2D4oc 00d? 8 Name the two oesc reasons fer covering {argo on an epen bed © Wh: must you chack before vaneporting 3 feat oad? ‘These quostens may be on your fst ¥ you cant answer ine 8, 1evea0 Secon 3 —Section 4 TRANSPORTING PASSENGERS SAFELY Thie Section Covers Vehicie insjection Loading On tie Rose Afteranip Vehicle Inspection © Prohibltnd Practices + Use of Brakie-door intariocks ‘Bus divers must have 8 commercial tive lense (tray ive a veticle designed To seat more than 18 or more parsons, Ing the der us divers muat have a passonges endorsement fon thee commoroal diver loonse, To got the lendorsemert you must pass a knowiedge fst on Sections 2 and 4 of this mance your bus hae 2 bakes, you must aso pass a knowtedge test on Section 5) You mus: elso pace to sills teste ‘reauved forthe clans of vehice you dive 4.4 Vehicle inepection Selore diving your bus, you crust be sue it Is ‘safe, You mus! review be Inepacton rept mace By the orovaus drwer. Only if eofects reported teen have eon caied” 28 vepared 0” not reoced to. be ropared. sheud you sign the Drovows divers report This is your caicaon hat he dtecsvepoted eater have boon Fe, 44.4 ~ Vohiole Systems ale atte theee things ae In good working or Seco takes, incng ot none copings (f your bus ha a atarcr tena) Png bake ghis end rofctors ies (fort wees must rot have repped or regrow ten) (edeilé wero wie Rearvsen mer: mrors Sonning amnees presen Faia ap ER Emergency eauprent, 4.4.2 ~ Access Doors aint Paras: ‘As you check fhe eutsie of the bus, dose any ‘pen emergeney exis. Ago, close ay oper sovess panels (or baggege, restoor sevice, ening, oi bere ang. 2.4.9~ Bus Interior People sometines damage vraexded buses. ‘Always cick tf inter of tho bus before cing {o ensure rer Sofety Ales ord stokes shove Sway be clear the flloieg parts of your tut mus bei sale waking condor Each handhold ending Signaling’ "devees, ducing the restroom temorgenty bury, fe bs has 9 restroom Emergency ext tones “The coats must be safe for der. A seats musi be securely lstened tothe bus over cve wth an opan emeegeney ex door a ‘window. "Tho. "Emergency “Exit sin. on an temergency coor must be Slay vie thee Is 2rd emergency dor ig, it mest work Fun iton At night © any oer me you Use your sige ie (4.4.6 «Root Hatone You may lock sens emergency rot hatches in a party oper past fer eth ai De not eave tam open an rou practce. Keep ie mind re buss INgher cearance vile cing wih tem open aie sure your 2u8 has the tke extinguisher anc emergency ‘otoxtrs required by law. The bus Must also have spare elecice ‘uses, unless {aL pp0d with ct oaks a. Use Your Seatbettt The exer gaat should have seat bel. Always Ose tor aay. 42--Losdingane Trip Start 1 nots dest eave carry-on baggage in {oomay o dle. There should be eating nthe fe hat might tp cher neers. Secure bageage An9 raph a waye bal avoid damage A FattCommas Orr Lena Maat [Ao he diver to mave rely and eat. ‘low ners 10 ex by ary windos doar in an femeryency Pros riders om nur # carry-on fal or shit. 46.2.4~ Hexerdous liaterisle Witch fr cargo or basgage contsning hazardous ratecale Most hazardous inaerls cannot BS famed on bs. ‘The Federal Hazardous Molle Table shove whch maienas 2 nazardows, They pose ark to heath "salty, ana sroporty during Varepertaton ‘Tho Tes Fequra shippers to mark containers of favordous mateiel win’ the. alerale "name, ‘entteaton number, end hazed label. There are fine diferent Taurine’ slamond-ehaped hazard fnvets, Seo Figure #1 Waten for the. diamond shaped labels. 20 not Wanspod aay hazarcous ‘mater uness yeu are sue tho ules allow [mercer Baia ——] Gigs “[Giss Name Example ‘a, It Expiosives lp Temes Propane, One| elu cin FL 2 [remowie [is Fame eee Males, Fuses ‘ara 8 formes [Niro yrogen | Perosée Penile [Pome pases Grau, 7 | Rasosae | ee Ryoho AGT, | covesies | pyaar sian ° Hazardous | Formaldehyde, Nateraie ORD (Oe none | Ragistes | HaleSpray or Water Chavos Bornes Now| CoMBcsIb [FORTE Tar teas fui Figs 4.2.2 ~ Forbidden Hazardous Katerials Buses ay cary smaliaems anmuniion lebeled ORND, emergeney "oes! supols, and dase. Yeu can’ eatty small amounts ef seme ther hazardous mataras tthe shpper cannet send Tent anyother way. Buses must nave ear: Dison 29 poison gas, gud Cass 6 poten ear (28, rreating mato Note then 100 pounds of soi Cass poisons Fxoloshes nthe soace ocounied by ode. txcopt smal ars amrunon, {abeted "racousive motsrais In the space ‘ceupied by pecne More tha 500 pound ttl of slowed nazarcous materais, and ho mote than 100 pounds of any one case, Fis sometimes board bus wah an uraboies harardous ators Do not allow ride to etry 09 oman heads such a car bates o gasclne. 4.23 Standes Line No rider may stand forward of the rear of the sivers coat, Buses ces'gred fo low standing ‘must Rave a tweineh tne. on the floor 0° some ‘het means of showing ncere where they eno Siang. The scaled the stancoe ine. Al standing Fidors must stay bering 4.24~ At Your Destination When sering atthe destination oF inermedicte soe announce: ‘Tho lsat, Reason for 209909 Next copature tne Bus number. Fring riders to take cary-ons with them i rey ‘et of tho BUS, Ie ale on 2 ower lave ner {he seas, rom riers of be sep-donn, is best total tein btere coming toa compte sep. Charter bus ever shoud net allow rides onthe bus unl departure me. Ts ai lp oreves Ihe ‘oranda oe bus,4.3~On the Road 4.3.1~ Passenger Supervision Meny chert and intercity carers have passanger comfort and sally tales. Mention fee. about Smoking, inking, 9 use of rede and ape nayers atthe slat ofthe fp. Explaining the ules a the Sar wt lpi aol trosble aaron. ‘Whie cng, scan tho interior of your bs at wel ‘2 the rood ener, to the see. nto the res. You may save fo roingritrs about rule, ort oop arms ane heads Ini tho bus. 432-0 Stops Fides can stun when geting on oF of, and when t's bus slats or stops. Caufon res to trate the step when leave the bus. Wal or ‘hom to st coun af brace themselves fore Stating. Staring and spring shoul? bees moot as posible to avid weer ary ecasionaty. you may have a dunk or eruptive Fier, You ial eneure ts rider's eae 28 wel 08 thet of ethers. Dovteeverge such dere whore would be nea for them. may be se" a he xt scheduled slop or wellighiod area where {ore are other people. Many. carta ve ‘uidelines for hang cisropve riders 43.3 Gommen Accioents The Most Common us Accidents, ue aczdents ten ‘happen at intersectors. Use {avton, even fp signal cr stop eign cons eer trae, School end mass vanse buses somelmes se-ape off mors oF Mt passing vehiles when puling out Troma bus slop. Remember the Searance your bus needs, and watch for polesand treo imbe ot stops. Know the se ofthe gap yout bus needs to acostrate and me'ge wi ae. ‘Wat for he gap 0 open before leaving the soo. ves assume ster ever. brace 10 ¥e You ‘om when you sige! o start to pull out 43.4 ~ Speed! on Curves Crashes on cu-ves thal kit people ans dexroy buses result Hom excessive speed, cen wren ‘aon or snow nae made the road sizpe'y. ery Uonked cuve as a 58° "des gn speod. ln od ‘woather, Ie posted speed i sae for cars bit mnay be ton sgh for many ouses, Win goo ‘Tacton, tha bus may rel over: with poe tact, mah sda oftho cue. Reduce speed fr cures! “Sesion imporg ase Bay Hf your bus loans loward ibe oxtste on @ bakes cue. you sre ens 0023 4.5.5 - Rellroad-highway Crossings Stops ‘Stop ot RR Crossing: ‘Stop your bus betveen 15 ond 50 fet before ‘alread crossings, UUcer ae look fh both crectlons fo wabio, You stauisouen your forward door it proves your iyo se or bee an anoreaching Van Before croseng et a ln has pastes, meke ure there ent snother tran cong the ther ‘recton en othe wats IT your bus. Ras 2 enual wansmision, never ‘henge gears whe oesing ths racks, ‘You do et have to sep, but rast slow down ane Carell check fer thor vices: 1 Atsvectear crossings > Where 2 patceman er fagman is drecteg vale > avtafte sina a green. Dt “Grssings mated 98 ‘Soerdaned 4.6 ~ Drawridges ‘Stop at Craworkiges. Stop at rawtrigges hat do not have a signal ih or tafe convene Stop at east 50 fet before the draw of the or6ge Look to make sure the draw ls completly cose bore eressing. You to nat noe to sop, Bl must ‘stow down and make sure ste, when “Tee's tat ght showing green ‘Te trdge has an atendent or afte offeer who ctrl ate whenever the bridge ones 4.4 ~ Afiertrig Vehicle Inspectien Inopoct your tus st the end of each shit you vor for an inertia comer, you muat compe 8 writen Ispecton report fr oach Sus even. Toe Tepert must specy each bus end ist any cefect that would afet safety o esl mn breakdown ‘here are no defects, the por shoul say so, Riders sometimes demoge safetpcisted parte such as harchols, ests, emergency ext and Windows. you report ths demage atthe end of 9 Shit mecnrice ean make ropa bere the be foes oat egal. ase vanat civers stow also rake sure pascenge signaling devices ard sake. door intsoeks wos etyConners vers wre tan! 4.5 ~ Prohibited Practices ‘ald tling your bus wth riders on board unees absautly nocoseary ever fuel na dosed butaing with rders on bose Doo't tak wath recs, or engage = ary one fieracting sett wha Sov Do ot tow oF push & disabled bus with riders ‘aboard the vehce, unless geting of would be ‘sate. Ony tow of Suh the bus to the nest fsfe spot To dscharge passengers, Follow your femployers' guielnes on owng’ or posting ‘assole Busse. 46. Use of Brake-door Interiecks Urban mass tansit coaches may have a brake anc accelerator Inienock system. The intwiok 2ppios the brates and olds the thot in le po ton then the rear der is open. Tha intriock reloesae Wien you clse the rear door Do not use hie Softy feature plac of the parking brake, 1. Name some things to check in the intror ofa bus cirng 2 pret inspacton 2 What ave some hevardous materials you an vanspor by bus? 3. What ave some hazardous mate's you cant wanspor by bus? 4, Whatis stance ne? 3 Dose A matler where. you make eden delay tno requed {oe the beakes fo woth flor the broke pedsl Deshed. Wis hyérause brakes (coed on cars Fgnwmedum teks), we brakes work Instant, Howover, with ale rake, & takes aitle te (on half second of mor) f: the at fow trough ne thes. to he brakes “Pus, the tot etopong (dstanca for vehiclea wth ar brake syateres ‘nade p of fu" afer factor. Percaption Distance + Reaclon Distance + Brake Log Distance + Efecive Braking Dsiance = Tota ‘Stopping Distance The sie beake Jap dence al 55 mph on dy pavernentados about 33"eet, So at 88 mph for 2% average diver under good tacton ane brake condilons, the total stopping dstance le over 450 feat Seo Fue 58. ‘Siogplag Daance Char Fa Rw Par Ds Fase Re inne wn fae [wm ‘sinon [ora fora [aon Jasin Figue 5 5.4.5~ Brake Fading or Failure Brakes are cesiond so bake shoes or pads rub ‘pains he brace dun ordks io sow he vehize Braking crestaa heat bx brakes ae designe (0 {ake @ tof heat. Hever, brakes can face fall from excessive eat ene by using them too ‘Fhuch snd not eying one engine baking eect cessive use of the sinice brakes resuts in ‘vermeaing and fads f broke fade. Brake fade resuts from sioestve nest causing. chamiea) Changes inthe bre ing. hich redice fon ‘Spa aso causing expend of the brake dure [Ar the overhostd drome expang, tie bre those {and linings ave to mow farther to contact the Grune, anc the fee of ine conlact fe rociens. Continued overuse may Kresge Brake ado tl ‘Seven canrat be sonee aan or stp, Sesten Ta sas Brake fade 6 ako stfeced by adjustment. To Salely contr a vee, very brake must do ks Share of vw wok Bre out of dvetment wl Sop doing thee share before those that ae ‘simon. Tho ater brakes can then overhat Sand fave, and ire al not be enough brake ‘ratebe io conral the vehicle). rakes can get Du of edjsiment qui, especially wren they are ot Therefore, creck brake arustment ten, 54.0 Proper craving "echaicve Remember Tha ute of brakes on = lang andor ‘soep downgrade is ony 2 supplement (he braking eter of ie engine. Once iho vec sn the prope iw geste folowing the pope raking terrique ‘Ayoly to brakes ust nrd enough to fol a definite Winn "your speed nes been reduced 10 spprosimaly fve mph below your “Soe” speed, Telease the bakes, Ths aplicabon sould ast for ‘bout three seconds) ‘hon your s380d ae increases to yeur “set spond, tepeal saps and 2. or example # yoxr “slo” epoed is 40 moh, you woud not spp the brakes unl your” sped Teaches 40 mph, You sow apply the baie nerd enough to gravy reduce your speed to 35 mp5 land thon elosa tha brakes. Regaat th 98 oon 6 necessary unis you have reached the endo! he omerade 54.7 ~ Low ir Prossive the low sr possure warring comes on, stop an sally parc your uae ae oon ex possible Tere Iright be an a leak Ih tho system, Contked braking is posse oly whe enough ar romaine In the oi fanks. The spring brakes vil come on ‘hon the or eessue cope othe range of 20% 45 psi, A eau loaded vehicle wil ake a fang {staco to stop because the peng brakes do sot work on-all axes. Lighty iooced voncles or \ohicies on sippery reads may sb oul of conto whan the spring brates care on ite much oar to stop whe theres enough arn te tanks use ‘Feroot brakes 5A8~ Parking Prekes ‘ny two you park, ute *e pering brakes, except 23: noted Solw Pt the paring breke. corel Fob auto apply the waking brakes, pus) tt 10 ‘eeare. Tho cows wil be & ysiow, sarone. Shape krop labeled "parang bakes" on wer aevehicles. On oder veces, may 99a round Hue noo oF some ctvar shape (eluding @ aver tt sings toc 52 side up and dow). Dent se the parking brakes the brokos ae very al hem usthaving come down a stoap fad, the brates oe very wot a roszng lrmpertes Ie they are used wale they ave very Nat they san be domaged by tho haat they are used freezing temperatures ws the brakes a very ‘wet ey ear freeze 80 ne veNce cannat nave Use wal chocke on level surface fo hold the wohice, Let hot brakes ‘coo before using the parkng brake. ifthe brakes are wel Use the Brakes fghly whe driving ne bw gear to eat ‘and ery ther your vohiee dows not nave automate al nie Gare, Gran your a tanks ot tho end of cach ‘work "Say" 10 remove mole and ol ‘Others, te brakes could fa Never teavo your vehicle unattendea without applying the parking brakes or hocking the wheels. Your vehicle might roll away end cause injury and demage, Subsection 5.5 Test Your Knowledge 4. Why shail you be in he proper gear before flaring down i? 2, What Yocers can ease brakes 10 fade or ‘ai? 3. The use of brakes on a long, steep Gomersie is only # Supplement 1 te baking eect ofthe engin. True or Fase? 4, yeaa away fom your vere ony eho time, you do not naed 10 use the perkng brake. Tue or Fata? Hou oft shout you cal ar tanks? “ow vx bake when ou Ne a ect alr conbinaten wit ABS? 1 You st! nave normel ake fnctions if your [ABS i ol working. “We or Fase? on answer thom a, rovead subsection 54 ‘SaseaSTaae PageSection 6 COMBINATION VEHICLES ‘This Sestion Covers «Driving Combinations © Combination Vehic'e Alr Brakes © Anliioes: Brake Sysiems © Coupling ane Uneaupling «Inspecting Combinations This secon provides information noeded to pass the teste foc combelion veies (vate baer. oubiee, pos. svalgh tuck with ater. The Information is only to give you the minimum rowedge “needed. for” giving. comer fombination vencies, You should also siddy ‘Secon 7 you need to pass the ist for doubles ans Fes. 6:1 - Driving Combination Vehicios Safely CCombinaten vehicles are usualy heavier, lenge. tnd. roquie more. diveg sll an engle Commercial vahcles. Ths means tat dnvers of Combination vehieer eed more knowledge ae Shihan dire of single vores. In Bs sexton wwe talk bout sone Inport salty facors that ‘ppl speccally to combnaton vce. 6.1.4 - Rollover tisks More than no of tuck drier the result of irvekralvers, When more capo = bled up in'a tuck, the “center of gray moves Eiger ap rom theroae, vhs tek becomes eosin ‘otum ever, Fuly leaded rige are fen tre more iaytoroll overt serach tna empty As The folowing two tinge wil hep you prevent ralover-keep the cargo as cose fo the round 95 Dossble, and dive sowy soune turns. Keeping arg low 's ven more mnpetan in combination Vetoes than in svalgh eke. Als, kop he ned ‘ottared on your ig. The load i 6 one ade got mates a raver fea, a rolevesis moce Sey Nake ‘iro you eaigo centred and spread’ ou a8 rush as posse. (Ca:go dat but fs coved it Secon Sof ths menue’) Followers happen when you tun too fst. Drive oviy around corsers. on Fores, and of amps lone Coriaioa eae Avoid quick lane changes, especialy wen ‘uly ‘ade 6.4.2 Stoor Gontiy “Trucks wth wales have a dangerous “eckihe ip" fleet When you make a ul lana change, the creck h-whip eect con tun te ter over Thore ae many accidens where ony the Late has overtime, ‘Reararé amplification’ cousos the rack-the- wip ‘ff. Fre 8° shows eght types o Combination veces and the” rearward Splicaton ascn has ix 8 queck sane change Figs witht 035 cracktho-whl effect ae shown atthe top ana nave wis the most. sti boston, Rearward amplifesion of 20 I the chat means {hat tho ear aur ie see a ial fo tn over 9 ‘he waster You can see thal pies ave 2 reaward empiicaton of 3.5. This means you can Fal the tet var of Viplos 35 times ee easly as 3 fre axe vector Steer oey anc smoethty when you are puting tralers you make 2 sen mevonie wih yout ‘leering whoo! ocr Waker cove tp over Folens far oroogh behind ole vehicles (at lsat ‘Second foreach 10 Toa yous veri eng, plus ‘another second ¥ going over 40 mph). Looe fer fneug® down the Yosd to sold beng sipred fang faving to moko a auzden lane change. Al nigh, chive slowy enough le soe obstacies wih your headighis before 10 fate to change lanes {Fstop gory. Slow doun toa sete speed beroe ‘boing rn 6.1.5 ~ Brake Ear Contre your spect whether uly laded or emi. Large combination vehices take longer i stop vine they are emoty than when they are fully Toaded. When ighly leaded, tho very 0% ‘Sepension springs ara Song bres Que poor facon and sake i very oney 10 loos the wheal, Your iter can sting ut and strike okt woticles. Your tactor can jacwkre vey aun You aso must be very cael about ‘siveg "obiar ‘vactors (rate without “somuraiers) ‘Tests have shown tat bobale can be very hed 10 slop erica. Iakes them songer to stop han 8 treclo-samirater lesdeu to axenunt goss In_any combicaton rg, a'ow ots of fotowing lvaree and loo« fx shdad. so yeu can Dake feat. Don’ be csught by eupise ano. nave 10 ‘ake a pari sop.toae Tren, 8.1.4 Kallroact-hichosy Crossings Rakoad.nighway crossings can aso. cause Problems, paruary woen paling taller win ow Sasernosih slerance ‘These walers can got stuokon ris crossings: Low sng units Gowboy. car cater, moving van, possum-tolyIvestock vale) Brgeere vert pilleg @ long taller th langing gear sat fo accommodate a tander-axe tractor i or any reason you get stuck on the trscke, get ‘ut of tha vehicle ard away for the tracks, Chock ‘Sgrpotis or signa! Pouring al te creseng for nergency rotieston svorneon. Call 011 ‘ther eme-gency numer Give he ‘oeaton ofthe ossirg wang 2! Neria3o landmate, orpecily IheDOT number, posted Figure 6 6.1.5 Prevent Traler Sits When he wheels of tala ook wp, the trae wt tene to swing around Th & moretaly to happen when the Waller emply or ight loaded. This ‘ype af josie eter cated 3 “alr jackin, Seo Figure 6.2 ‘The procedure for stenpng a Laie: ska: Recognize the Skid. The east ad best way to recognize thal the tater he slates 10 hi by Seaing tin you mirors. Ary ime you aony the brakes tard chock the mare fo omeke sure the Waler ie eayina where it should be, Once the Ualer svings out of your lana, W's very dieu to provon jack 12, om RD. Erin, RL. Nconges, Cc, MacAdon, cod PS, Farchor,ehueree of ‘Szp and Wah voiebles the slaty ht conbol properies of heavy sucks, SUnwarery of hiehigan’ Trenepetaton Rovoareh inate, 103)Figure 62 ‘Stop Using the Brake, Faiease the brake to get traction bask Do net use the ealler hang bake (i you have on) fo “svaighon out the eg" This fhe trong ing to do since the brakes the trafer ‘rele cotnod the ki in the tet pace. Ones the ‘aler wheels grip te road agar, the valor wil ‘Start to folow the tractor ar straighten out 6.1.8— Tun wide When a vehicle goes sround a corner, the rear wheels Yolow a afferet pain than. tbe tart whois. The le caled offrackng of “cheating” Figura 6. shows how offracking causes the path followed bya tractor tobe wider an org tae! Longer vole wit ffrack more. The rer wheats athe powarod Unt (tuck or tact) wil frac ‘Some, and te rear whee ofthe aller wl ofrack ‘even more I there ore than one tale. the ‘ear wheeke of the fact ale wl oftrack the most ‘Steer the fon end wide enough sound a camer 0 the tea end’ doesnot nin over the. cu, Podestians, ei. However, keop the roar ef your Verde clote 10 the curb. Ths wil stop ther Srvers fom peseing yu on the ght you ean ‘complet your tun without entering nother rac lane, tum wide as you compete the tn Ths Boter than vnging wide to the lt before string the tun because wil keep otner drivers rom Passing you on Steright Sea Figure 84, ‘OFF THAGKING E190 DEGREE TURN Figure 6s Figure 6 6.4.7 - Backing with a Tralee. Backing with a Trailer. When becking a oat, stright wuek. or bos, you tun the top of tho ‘Hoering whos! in the dracon you wart 10 go Winer Bocking a oie, you tun te steering whee 1 the opposto drecion.Oace the wale stars 0 torn, you must tum the wheel the ther way 10 ‘olow tho wal Whenever you back up with ear, by to poston your vehicle so you can back in a ebaigt Ine. F You must back on curved path back {0 the Ahvers ste so you can soo. Soe Figure 85.Commi rer eng ant BACKING A TRAILER Figure es Look at Your Path, Look at your line of ave before you begin. Get ut and walk around the vehide. Check your dearanco to the sides and ‘oved, ivan naar the path your vehicle Use Mirore on Both Sides. Chock the ousise miors on both sides frequently. Got out of the ‘ohana renspect your path you are unsure. Back Slowly. Tht wilt you maka coactons before you get to fa of course. Correct Drift Immotlately. As soon 38 you tho tale geting off the proper path corect iby lumieg the top of the stowrng wheel in the ‘recon of tho ce Paull Forward. When becking a raer, make pul- ups to e-peeion your vehicle es needs. ‘Subsection 6.1 Test Your Knowledge 4. What two things are important to prvent rolover? Wen you tum suddenly while puting aubles, which alee fs most Thal tum over? 3. Why should you not use the vaer hand brake to aight out jacieing ar’? 4. What offracking? 5 When you back a taler, you should poston your vehicle so you can beck In 8 Gurved path to the avers sie. True oF False? 6. What ype of tals ean get stick on ralread highway crossings? ‘Those questions may be on your ‘est. you can't answer nem al rr subeocton 6 6.2~ Combination Vehicle Air Brakes You shouls study Secton 6: Air Brakes before reading tis. In combination vehicles the baking System has parts to contra th tale brakes, In ‘talon fo he parts dasa in Section 8. Then ars are desorbed below 624 Trailer Hand Valve The rar hand valo (aso called the ley valve or Johnean ar) works the tale taken Tha aor Rand valve should bo used ony to tas he var bakes Do not uee Ks crving because ofthe danger of making the rar shi. The fot brake Sends ai 10 all of the brakes on the venice (eetaing te valet). There is mucn less danger Sreauuing & sho: Jane wnen Ung Jost he Ieotbake Never usa tho hand valve for parking because al the a might leak od uocking the brakes (ey tlre that dont nave sping brakes). Alnaye uso {he parking brakes when parking te Var out ot have spring brakes, use wheel Chocks fe Kap ‘he Waller am moving 6.2.2 Tractor Protection Valve ‘The actor protection valve keeps arn the actor ‘or truck brake system shoud the vale break away (© develop a bad leak The bactrprtecton valve Fanis convo by the “raller sr suppy" conto! valve In fe c03. The contol valve alows you to open land shot the trast protection valve. The opin oeeton vate wil close. automaticaly a zrassue slo inthe range of 20 45 pa). Wen thetractor protection vale coses, stops any 42 from going out ofthe ects ois fe a out of tha traier emergency sme. Ths causes the ator ‘etgency brakes to come on, wil posal lost ‘fear. (Ermergency bakes ae covered later) 6.23~ Traller£ir Supply Control “The wate a supply contd on newer vehicles is red sigh-sised kn, which You veo fo ante the Aracrproection va You pus fn wo supsty the {Wolo wath of, and pul ou to shut heal of era paton the tar emergency brakes. The valve wil op out (Pus desing the Wactor pctacton vale) ‘wr heal presse crops into th range of 200 {S psi. Tractor pectecion valve. corso ot ‘mergancy” valves on ole" vehicles may net pert atoratealy “here maybe aleve rather {thon a kaos, The “norma” postion Is Used for bulng 2 lier the “emergency” postion Used {o sul be a off and oct on he alee emergency brakes 6.24~Tralfer Air Lines Every combination vehice has two air ines the sevie line ed the emergency ine. shey ron Betwaen each vehi (Factor 19 all, vale: © aly doly to second vate, et) ‘Service Alt Line, The service tine (ago cotied the ontal ‘ire oF signal le) corres a, which fs ontled by the foot bake or the valor hand brake. Dopancing on how hard you press the Toot brake o: hand vate, the oressore in the sevice line wil simary ‘change. the service line is connecied 10 relay valves. These vives alow the tale: brakes fo be applied more quik than ‘oul otberaiee be posse Emegency Air Line. The emergency tne (alto calles the supply Ine) nas to purposes. FL t Supptes aio the tral ar tanks. Secor the ‘morgency ne convo tho emergency Brakes on ombnaton vehi. Loss of sr prac i tne fmerpency ine eatisos the taller emergency brakes to cone or. The pressure foss could be fnvsed by # tober Soaking loose, tut toring Spat ne erargency hose. OF K cout be Ghused By'e nese, mele tubing, her per treatin, leting the er ou Wher the eneency To beve pressu'e, Kalco causes the recor protection valve to cose (ihe ai suply nob i op a Emergency ines are oan coded withthe color red (red hose, ros colors, 0° ether pas) 10 keep from geting them mized up wit te Bie service 6.25~ Hose Couplers (Glad Hunde) Glad hands are couping devices used to connect the Senco and emergency ait Snes fem 30 tick racic ne var The coupters hove suber Seat wich provers ar rom esoaning, Clean (oe {ouplere ane robber reals before 8 censecion = ‘made, When conecing te gad hares, poss = {ro seals ogother wit he couplers a 2 90 dag 00 angle t@ aac alber_A tur of the glad Mand ‘ache 1 the hose won ad ec the couse. Wien counting, make sure to cousle the proper lad bands togeier To hep vows mistakes, Colors are sometimes used. Blue Is used fo" be Sore ines ard rod forthe emergency (2909) Ings. Sometres, meal tags are atic 10 Ne Fes th the vcs “servos” ond “e-ergency” amped on tem. See Figure 66 Vf you do cose the airings, supply ar wil be sent to the servic line naked of gong Yo onerge the Ualor a tans. Awl not be arable to veeave the Wale’ sping brakae (paring brakes). fhe spirg brakes dow Telease whe> you push the ele" ai supply convo, check "he “ar ine (dor tellers do not have spaing brakes. f be ei Supply ste ater a fans nas lnsked away Pere wil be no emargenoy brakes, and the Yaier ‘hoo al tun rely you eossea the a es, you cous dive away tt you woul have vate Grakes. Ths wouldve very cangerovs. Always fst the Valor brakes before arung wah the hand vate ‘ry pling the sual (actor prsecon valve) Conta. Pu gonty agent tien Ia aw goat fo ‘make sue the bres work Some veivcies, have “dead end” or dummy eaipeers 20 vhich Iie 3eee8 may be atached lahen they 26-958 se. This wh prevent ner ‘Se dit fom gating "to te coupe ang the 9 Ines. Use tre dummy couplers when to a¥ nes Alum coupes, the dad sands can eons boosted vogetnor(ofecing on the cousins) ib very izeran: to hey ie ak vp Gan,_Cermmri Dre eno ad Reo ‘checker Cracks EMERGENCY LINE, |] C cree te raves 6.2.6 Traller Air Tanks Each taller and converter dolly hat one oF more ‘tanks. They ar filed by to oneranoy (supa) Ine from the tractor. They provide he a pressure ‘ned to operate For brakes, A ressre ls sent ‘tom thea tanks to the brakes by ray va, ‘The pressure in tho sarvice line tele how much pressure the relay valves should sed fo to Waller brates. The pressure Inthe. service ino. ‘contrat by the brake pedal and th Wailer hand brake) ‘tie important that you dont et water and oll but up in the al tanks. you do, te bakes may not ‘work corecty. Each tak hes'¢ dan valve on ‘and you should ain oach tank evey day. your ‘aks have automate drains, tay fl Koop most ‘moisture out But you shoul sl open the ane fo make eure, 6.2.7 - Shutoff Valves ‘Shutoff vals (also called cut-out exc) ace used In tho service and supply ails at tho back of alors used to tow ater alls. These valves pri closing the anes off when another aller IGrnot being towed. You must check tat al shtt valves are inthe open postion except the ons at ‘he back of holes rae, which must be cosas 6.2.8 Trailer Service, Parking andl Emergency Brakes Newer triers nave spring brakes ust tke tucks ‘and tuck vacors. However, convener doesn Uraers ult before 1875 aré not required to have Spring brakes. Those tha do. not have eorng brates have emergency brakes, which work fer {he a stow in he trae ar tari The emergency brakes come on whenever air preseure in the amergonay line i Tost. These Wales ave no Barking brake. The emarganey brakes come on leer tho at supply knob is pulod out oF the Toler is dconnested. A major leak nthe ‘omorgency line wll cause tho Factor protector Valve to cove and the taller emergency brakes ome on. But the brakes wit ho ony ong 98 thew Ie at pressure In tho tale at lane Eventually, tv oi wl leak away and then tere ll beo bakes. Therefore, ie very portant or Salty that you use whol chocks when you park tralers wnat sprig brakes You may net noice a major leak n the serie ne nt you ty to put the brakes on. Then, the aloes ‘fom ‘tho Teak wil Tower tho al ark preseure quick. tT goes Tew endugh, the Weer emergency brakes wil come on Subsection 6.2 Test Your Knowledge 41. Why shoulé you not use the taller hand valve whe eving? Describe whet the Waller ar supply con does, 2 3. Descbe what the serves nei for 4 Whatis Bo emergency at ine fr? 5. Why should you use chocks when parking ale who spring braces? ©. Whore shut vaes? ‘These questons may be on your tes. you cant answer Dom al read pubeecton|Commarea! ver one ua) 6.3 ~ Antilock Brake Systems. 6.3.1 ~ Trallers Required to Have ABS ‘Al walrs ond convener daies but on or after March “, 1996, are required to have ABS. However, many baller and converter dots but Defoe thie dete have Been voluntary equoped wth ABS. ‘Traore wi have yellow ABS mifunction laos on that sitar on tha ent tear oomar Sas, Figure 67. Delies manutoctred on or aftr March 1. 109e, are requred to have lamp on Pe lt sie. In the cate of voles manufactured bafors the requled date, may be dict t tal f bovis ‘uippod wits ABS. Look under the vehi fr the ECU and whos speed sensor wires coming tom the back of te bakes. TESTING ABS SYSTEMS t ABS Tost Light Figure 87 6.3.2 Braking with ABS [ABS lean ston to your narmal brakes. 2908 ot decrease or Trerease. your normal bracrg Capabiity. ABS only acivates when wheels are ‘out tock up. ‘ABS does not necessary shrten your stoping fisiance, butt does help you Koep te vehice Under cont curing hard brane [ABS helps you avld whe! lock up. The computer fenees impending lockup, reduces the braking (receure 0a safe lve, and you mantan conv Haring ABS on only the trailer or even on ony one axe, sil gives you more contol over De Vehicle during baking. Whon only the talor has ABS, the traler ls loss ely fo wing cut, but I you lose storing conta, oF start a actor jahk, ft up on the brakes (F YOU can gael do's) unt yu gan conto Whan you drive 2 ractr‘raler combination with ‘ABS, you should brako as you aways have. In ‘ther word! Use onthe braking force necessary to stp safely and say noon Brake the same way, regardless of whether you havo ABS cn te Waco, the valer,o both, A you slow down, monitor your Vactor and tl and back of the brakes (fis safe to dos) 37 in conra Remember, your ABS malfunctions, you si have ropuar brakes. Dive ermely, but g3t sem services oon. ‘ABS worit allow you to drive faster, folow more ‘sey, rcv lse carey 6.4— Coupling and Uncoupling rowing how to couple and uncouple corect bast t0 safe operation of combination vehi. rong coupling and. uneouping can be. very dangerous. General coupling and uncouping sope ‘Se lod below. There ere dtferences Detwesn ferent rigs, 80 learn the cela of eouping are ticouplng the bucks) you wil operate 6.4.4 Coupling Tractor-Semitralors ‘Stop 1. Inspect Fith Wheel Check for damapetnissing pats Check to soe that mounting fo actor i secu, no cacks in amo, oe Be sure that the fh whee! pote Is grossed as equred. Faure to koop the ft wheal plate “ipicated could cause sterng protiems because ‘of reton between the vector and aller oarConese bier lene tans! Check sth wes! Is In proper poston for eousing, Whee es down tower rear of actor 2 fans open > efaly unlocking hance inthe automatic ck 1 you Rave s sling fh whee, make eure t le lookos 1 Make sure the taller Kingpin isnot bert or brake ‘Stop 2 inspect Area and Chock Wheels Make sure rea rounc the vehi lua Be sure talor wives are checked e sprng Chest thot cargo (any) is seoued against mmovanert die To vasor beng couple’ "6 0 water ‘toy 3, Portion Yeactor Putte tractor drety i font ofthe llr (Never trek under the ler et an engle because you right push the traer sideways and break the ndhg gem") Gheek postion, using ouside mirrs, by locking ‘sown both ses ote ele Step 4. Back Sosy Back uf wheel ust iouches he taler. Bem Hite aver, ‘Step 5, Secure Tractor tenth parking brake Put ansmision 12a. Step6. Check Taller Height ‘he ler sou be low erugh tal rico slighty by the actor whon the tracer Is backer tinder t, Rats oe “ower to Eater as needed. (1 the tale foo low, the vaciot nay sie ane damnsge tha Vater nose to alr too high may ot couple correct) Chace thatthe fongon an ft wheal ae alone, ‘Step 7, Connect Ait res 0 Tele (chock iat hand soals and connec! actor tenergency sine to taker emergency ea one Cheeta hanc sens are connect etter sence brneto raber sence ged Nand Make sure ak Ines ee esfly supported where {hey wont de gushes oe caught wae tacor bookie uncer Pe ter Stop & Supp Air to aller From cab, pushin’ supply knob or move waco protecion valve cont! tem ihe “emergency {he ‘rearar poston to supply et to Bw tater brake syste Wit uni the 2 pressures normal Chick broke essen or erssed a Ines, 1 Stut engne of 50 you con arth brates. 5 Aoply and retease Vale bakes snd ate fr hundoF aes brakes being applied. 2-0 foleasee, You staid near (m8 brakes move ‘when z3p%ed ae ar escape won fe rakes Brera. 1 Chock ar sake system pressure gouge for signs of mae aise hon you are sur ‘soane Make sure ai pressursie upto sara. 2 bakes are working, se ley. Lecter Bra Pl out the ‘aie supp" knco or move the waco proteebon' vate ecrwol tem “normal to emergency. Step 10. Beck Under Back acter sony tneer tert aves hing she ingpin too ha. ‘Slop when he Kinga locked ino be th whet ‘Step 1. Check Gonnetion for Seeuity Site rar tnsing ge sight of ground Pl stor gonty foward we he raler sakes tae sit ‘ocked 1 check Dat the Wate” locxee dnt Pe trctor ‘Step 12. Secare Vebice utwanemigson neural Put arcing brakes on. ‘Shut of engine and taka key wih you so someone ce wart mave tek unis you aro nde step 13. nse ovping Use a fashion, ecessory Wake sure hare i ro space batween uppe: and lowar tr whe! I we i space, something'sena rar onan Mer cong (kenge may 9 on tap ofthe elsed th Chee favs. soe tae would coms loose vary om) Go under rater and loak into te back ofthe ft ‘ae: Make sue Oe tth eel ams have closed ‘oun shan ofa angi (Check that tho locking sover 1 In the Took” poston hack tht the safety latch in poston over ‘oatng lever (On some fithwitels he etch mest be ptin pace by ia) 1 te couping ist gt, con't dive the couped tnt got eed Step 14. Gonneci the Eleevical Core sxe Cheeie Airtines ug ine ctl cord into th taller and fasten Iheaety eae Chest bath alien amage. Nave ar alt ane elecveal “nes wi not Wt any rmovky pars ot venice, lacie fr sins of Stop tt, Reine Front Trallr Supports (Lexeing Gon) Use low gear range (f so equipacd) to beg ralsrg the landing gear. Once tee of weight, ‘wich to te Nig ge ange, Raise the landing geal the way up. (Never deve wir ering goar only part way up 2s may cach ‘nvalfoas traces or oer tinge) ‘Aer alsng lending gear, secure the crank handle cate, ‘tien fl weight of walle is esting an tract: 1+ Speck for enough ciearerce between rear of ‘aor tame and lading gear (When ocr tres sharply, Irmest not handing pear) i Check hat’ there. is enough clearance Detwoon the top of the tacor ees ana the nose of theta, ‘Step 16, Remove “raler Wheel Chocks Remove and store whee! chooks na sete pace 64.2. Uncoupling Tracior-Semitaiirs ‘The folowing steps WH! alp you to uncounle say Stop 1. Position Rip ake sure surtace of paring Fre8 can eupsoH wwoightar alee Have Waco Ine up vith the traer. (Paling out ot ‘an sng’ can derage anding gee) ‘Stop 2. Ease Pressure on Locng tae ‘hud of ater alr upy to sock rae brakes. Enee pressure on th vine! locking Je by backing up gent. (iis wil Nelo yeu regase :2 ‘its wheal iecing eve’) Pul parting brakes c3 while vector is pushing gaint ine kingpin (This wl old ig wih pressure of thelocking evs) Step 2. Chock Trailer Waele Choc the liar whet f the taller dowsn' have spree brekes off y's nol sure (M6 we Cou look aut of tho. Vater ar tank, cleaning Se fenmgeney Drakes. Wireu: chocks, the. tale couldmove) ‘Sip 4, Lower tine Lanting Gea If rales is emoy, lover the lending goar unt i ‘makes frm contact wr Ie oun I tater ie loaded, far the tendlag gcor makes ‘em cantact wth the yours, ten rank in low goat 2 Tow cxva tums. “he wit some weigh of the trton (00 not i Pais ofthe fh wea!) Tis Nake teaser to unlaten fh whee 7 Make it ease to exple nee ime Step 5. Dieconnect Air Linas and Electrica Sabie Disconnect lines fom alee. Conneet a Ine (904 hands to dummy soupe's at back o! eab oF cous trem sogetne Hang slectical cable wit pg dows 19 prevent Hake sure ines we sipporte so they wort Se famaged serving te Hacer 2:¢9 6 Urioek Fith Fito the release nena oc, Pul terelerse tarda 36% postion ‘Secon Cantata vance“Conmareslver eses wana Keep gs and foot ler ofthe rear rater wheels to acid serous inuryin case the vehicle moves. ‘Step 7, Pull Tractor Partially Clar of Trallar Pll racor forward unt th whee! comes out rar nda bo all Stop’ wit vector ame under water (prevents {ler rom fang to ground landing goar shold calpeoor sn). ‘Step 8. Secure Tractor ‘Appy parting brake. Place wansmision i neta ‘ep 9. Inepect Teller Supports ‘Mako sure ground is supporting tale ‘Maks sure landing gear i not damaged. ‘top 10, Pull Tractor Clear of Teller ease paring bakes. CChetk the ea ond: ive tractor fonare und ees. ‘Subsections 6.3 and 6.4 ‘Test Your Knowledge 1. What mig happen he ale soo igh wen you ty to couple? 2. ‘ter couping, ow much space shoulé be ‘between tne operand ower ith whee” 8 You'should look io the beck of the fith whoo 1o eee ft locked ono the King “rie oF Fal? 4, Toccrve you need to rae the landing gnae Cnty uni tut ifs of the pavement True orFase? 8. Howdo you know your raters equipped ‘win ation brakes? ‘These questions may be on your teat. If you cant newer them al rofeod subsections 6S ana 4 6.5 Inspecting a Combination Vehicle Use the savensiep Inspection procedure deecrbed in Seston 2 to inspect your combination ‘ehido. There are more things to inspect on 8 ‘combination vehi tan on a singe vehse. (For ‘sample, tres, whose, ighs, relactrs, eto) owner, tare are also some new ting to check ‘Those are discusses below. ‘Siete = Combinaon Voie {6.5.1 ~ Additional Things to Check During a Walkaround Inspection Do these chocks in addition to bore easy sled nSoaton2 Coupling Syatm Areas hack thea (owe, > Seay mounted io a 2 rough pte > Locking fe curd the shank, nt the hess ‘ot kngpin, See Figure 6.8, > Release “arm propery seated and safely latock engages, | acne | <3 SHANI <5 HEAD ‘angi Fagus ee ‘check th whee (upp) > Glide plate securely mounted to tater ame. Kingpin not caragec. ‘Ae ard lect lines toate, > "Eleorcal card rly plugged in and secures > Aitines propuly exces dd hea no ‘i eaks, prope secired wih encugh slack for tue, >» Alles ree trom damage. Siaing ft whee, 1» Sido not damaged o pars nissng 5 Proper > allockng pins presen and ocked In pace. Paar 6Commercial varices Mas We powered-ro at leaks 2 Chock tet ff whoo tenet 0 fer forars that ete ame wt handing gro he (ab Stthe var, during wens Laveing Gear Fully raed, no_missing paris, not Sent or ‘Shersles domagec {an randle in place and aecused {power operated, no ao roa leaks. 5..2~ Combination Vebicle Brake Check Do these checks in sdtion to Stcnon ait Inspecting Ar Brake Systems. ‘The following selon explains tow to chock ai rakes on combinebon voriees. Chk the bakes on 2 double or tiple Water as you woud any ‘combination vile Check That Air Flows to All Tralee. Uae the tracer paring brake andlor chock the wheal to hole Ue, vehcle Walt for pressure 10 reach fom then pus in the red ‘ier ai supDy” knob, Tis w euppy 9 tbo emergency (8430) tno, Use the Waker sandorake to provice afore ‘orice Ine. Goo the “ear o ther. Opon the tererge-cy ine shyt valve at the rear of hea Wraler You shovld near alr escaping, showing tne tite sytem changed. Cloeo the emergency ine Valve. Open the serves line vale To check that Sevise pressure goea trough all ho taller (is feat assumes that the Coie: handbrake the Service brate pedals on). and tren cose tho Vale. Ifyou co NOT hear ai escaping fom bots Ines, ene at the sh valves oe the ras) fnd doles) ae into OPEN poston. You MUST have a al the way 1 the ck for al the brake fo work “Test ‘rector Protection Vsive. Chee the tat af brave sysiom. (That's, Dud Up normal ok eseure ard push the “ar suoply” kn In) Shut the engine oft. Slap en and off Le brake pedal overs tines to reduce Ihe a pressure n 20 tanks, The talet ak supp conta! (ago called he {tecior protection vale sonal) should pop out (or go fron “nemar to “emergency” postion) when the air presure fale Into the prossize range pected ny the anlar: (Usual wits the range 20% 46 ps.) 1 te trator protection valve doesn’ wor righ. a> 22” hose o” Lalor brake ‘oak could Gran ale at ffom fhe rec The woule cause the e-nergoney b'sces fo cone on, wit possi oes ef cane, an Caan ee Test Traler Erotgency Brakes. Cherge he Wales ar breke system ana check tat Ine aer role feiy. ‘pen siop and oul out te tater ar ly cone! (also calles Vator protein valve ete or tree emergency vave). o pace in the “rmergeney poston Pl genty on te ea ‘tye vector to check tat Ce talerernerganey [rakes ore on ‘ect Trailer Servics Brakes. Cnec fr norms! ar pressure, reivase the paring brakes, move the ice fonware lov. and apply reer brakes sen tie hand contr (roey valve), #20 aquppee ‘You shout Yel tne brakes Come on. Te elt you the rar orkes are connected ane working. (The Wale brakes shoud be estes va te hand valve ut contaled In nora operation wit the oot oval, whieh apples 2 Io tre sevice brakes a Wines) Subsection 6.5 ‘Yee: Your Knowledge 4. Which shot valves ehoua be open and ‘whist cases? 2. How can you test dst ar flows to at irsiers? 3. How can you test the tractcr protector 4 How can you teat the taler emergency braves? 5 How can you let the toler sevice brakes? ‘These questions may be on your tet. you cant answer all of tem ered subsection 6.Section 7 DOUBLES AND TRIPLES ple Traliere ‘coupling Inspecting Doubies and “riples ‘Checking Air Bvakes ‘This soation has iformation you noes to page te GDL Krowiedge tet “or ching eatly with double and tiple alors. els about how tporant it {0 be wary ext! nen cving wah mere ten one alg, naw to couple ond uneavple covecty, and about inspecting eubles ane pies carey. (ou Should aso sty Section 2,5, and 6.) 7.4 ~Pulling Doublo/Triple Trailers ‘Toke special care wien pulling two and hee trales. There ae more this that ean 99 wrong, ‘nd coublesipler ore less stable’ Uian ihe! Commercial vehicles, Some arese of conan are ‘Sleevseod below, Tutt ~ Prevent Traller from Rolling Over ‘To prevent wales om roling over, you mest seer ‘grt and go slow eround comers, o> ramps, of Samps, ad eutves. A safe sped 09a cure ‘ora Stag buck or a encle valor combination vente ‘maybe fae fors Se of doubles or pes 7.4.2 Beware o! the Crack-the-whip Effect Doubles and ples ave mere likely © ttn over than other combinstion vehiies because of ihe ‘rackihewsip" efect You must stoor gonty when paling’ waters, The last voter in Combination ie most kel to tur over. F you dont Understand the erackshewtip fect. study ‘ubsocon 64.2 of his manda 7.4.3~ Inspect Completely ‘There are more crf! pats to check when you have two or tyes tiers Check the all Folow ‘ho procedures dese">3d lator hs Gace, 1.44 ~ Louk Far Anead Doubles and tiles must bo driven very smoothly to aval rotors or jcekte. Trevor, ook at avead £0 you ean slow down o° change farce ‘rscualy when secesser, 74.8 Manage Space Doubles ane pas take up tore space tan oto: comercial vehices, Thayer not oi lange, ako reed more space because they cant be {ured or stopped sudden. Alow more ‘allowing stance. Make sue you neve lege enough gape belore entering or cross waffe. Be contain you se clear al Un sides bef charging lanes 2.18 ~ Adverse Condivone Be more cath in adverse condone. In mad weather, sippery condor, ang mourtan die tna Tapia soto. You nil ane geste gle Sn ‘pis sofas. You nil rave gear leg ‘ned more dad axl fo pl wi your dive ses thar other dves. There's inave chance for ses ‘2rd one of anton 7.4.7 — Parking the Vehicle Make sure you do aot gt a spot you cannot pl seaigh though You need to be aware of Nove pang fle 30 arengac n arr 10 aie 8 ong Sno aos escape 7.1.8 ~ Antilock Braking Systoms or: Converter Doles CComeriar doles bul an ar ater arch, 1996, sre requved to have ano brakes. Toco cles wi nave 2 ylow amp on hee sie ofthe Sly 7.2 Goupil 1g and Uncousting owing how lo caunle and urcwuple carey is basic to safe operaton cf douties anc ples Wirong coupling era uncoupling canbe very Gargarous. Coupling and uncovong slaps fr doubies 2nd Wes ave ites baooe 7.24 ~ Coupling Tin vraitere Secure 9 snd (Rat) Fre: the second traer docat nave sping wakes tive the vant" dose fo fe aie, corned the fenergency ino, charge the trater a tank. aoe SSscomect te erergercy Ine. The wil sat the trae ome-gencybrekes (the eck agusers are corecy edjciag). Chock ha whees 1 you have fry doubt abowt ne bekes,For the safest handing on the road, the more heavily loaded samira should bei fit poston Behied the Factor. The ighter tale shouldbe nt the reer ‘A converter gear on a dl is a coupng device of ‘ne or wo antes and ah wheel by which & Somivaler can be coupled tothe rear of 9 acter ‘alr combination forming @ Souble boton ig. ‘See Figure 71 Position Converter Dolly in Front of Second (Wea) rater Release dolly bakes by opening the ab tank peteock (Or, the daly has spring brakes, use the ‘oly parking bake contol) the cstance is not to great, wheel th daly into Boston by hard so tl ne wih te King x, use the tractor and fret cemfrallr 10 lek up ‘converter day Move ety to oar of frst semfrater and couple it tothe ree Lock pie hook ‘Scour dol supper in raised poston. Pl oly ino postion as dose a= poeebie fo nose ofthe sacond serial. omer daly suppot LUrhnok coy rom et rater. ‘Whoo! day into pestton In rant of secon ral In Se wt the kingpin, Connect Converter Dolly to Front Teller Bock fest semivalr into postion in rot of doy tongue, Hook doy oon tar. Lock pte ok. ‘Secufe converter goar support in raised poston. Connect Converter Dolly to Rear Trallor Make sure wal brakes ae locked andlor wheos ‘Sacked! Make sire taller height is corec. (It must be slg lower than the cone of he 8% whoa, £0 lraler 6 raid sigily when daly ls pushed tncer) Back convert dly under rer rar Ratee landing gear sightly ff ground to prevent damage f aler waves Test coupling by pling aca pn ofthe sosond semivaler Make visual chek of counting (No space between Upper and lower fh whos, Lacking Jaw closed enkgpin) ‘Connect safety chains, at hoses, ar ight cords, ‘Gose converter daly a ank pezock and shot Vales al roar of sacond fre {eervioe and ‘emergency shut). (pen shut valves at rer off! rae (and on daly 0 equippod), Rate landing gear completely. Charge aller brakes push ‘lr supa” knob le), ‘ond heck for a at rear of second tater by Spening he emerganoy ine shutem presse [Gn there, someting is wrong and the brakes wort wore 7.2.2 Uncoupling Twin Tralers ‘Uncouple Rear Taller Parka astraight ine on fm vel round ‘Apply parking brakas 80 Wont move. Chock whools of second valor I doosnt have spting brakes. {Lower landing goer of second semtaler enough fo emove some weight rm dally. (lose ir shuts a ear of tt semiraer (and ‘on daty so eaulpped). Disconnect al daly it and electric Uns and secure nem, Release dol brakes. Reloase converter ty fh whoa! neh Slouly pull vacter, fret somal, and daly forward fo pull doty out em unde ear soma Uncouple Convarter Dolly Lower dot tnding goa. Discenneat safety chains. ‘Apply converter goa? spring brakes or chock ‘wheel. Falease pnt hook on fst sembrater, ‘Siow ul cea of doy Besion Dassen and Wes FareGoomeresl ovr cas tami Never uniesk the pine hook wth the dely su! Under the rer tale. "he doy tow bar may hy up, posny ean iy and mar vey oot 7.2.3~ Coupling and Uncoupling Triple Traits Couple T-actoxFist Serial Secencsard trains CCousle actor to fest rater, dae the method ready descr for causing vector semivaos Flove seste" dol ‘no postion enc coup fst Water to secon Ualer using the Matos Tor coupling coubles. Tiles g's now complete Uncoupleipledralar Ris Uneouple thi tale by puting te daly ou, then lumhtchag the. col” seg. the inethed tor ‘ncouping coubes. UGnoodple ramainder of rig es you would aay ouble-botor ig using the mained akoady descr 7.2.4 - Coupling ane Uncoupling Other Combinations The melnode deteibed so for apply tothe more common ‘vactocrater conbnators. However, fhore are oer ways of counting 18 mary iypes of tuekiraee combinatone tal are in ase. There ae 10 mony {© cover in is mancal, You wil nud fo wn the ‘errect way lo couse at uneoupie the vehicle) ou wil ere socoraing to the manutacturer oreo (wnerspocticatons. 7.5 Inspecting Doubles ane Triples Use the sevensien inspotion procedure Allin fee tom damage ‘Sing we 1+ Sido net damagod o pars missing. 1 Property ceased J+ Ailoekng pins present ane ocked in piace 2 aiepomerod, no ales, 5 Chet tth wheel “¢ not so far forward trate vactr tame wel 1 laing gee" cab waht he aller, dung ters Landing Ger Fully raised, no iesing vas, rot bent or ‘therisa danaced rant hater piace ond secure. poner eparto: ro so" hyrauic ens, Double and ioe Trailers ‘Shut. vals (a ea of alles in sarvion ad femergoney nes), > Rear of vont waters: OPEN, > Rest of.astvoier C-OSED, Converter oly ae tank cain vahe: ctoses. Be sure al nes are expooried arse hands are propery connscte, W apr ras aed on coerce (ly, Be sure pte-ye of oly is © place pe hook fale)Comper vers nee Mon! Moke sure ante hook lathe ‘Salely ches should besenured 0 tral), Be sure lg cor ae iy sockets er ers 7.3.2 - Additionet Things t0 Check During a Waiksroune inspection Do these checks in atdtion to subsection 5.3, Iheaectng A Brake Systeme, 7.4 ~ Doubles/ripiee Alr Brake Cheek Check the brakes o% a double oF Wipe trae a8 you would any eombrtian vohiee’ Sursocion 652" explains. how ( chece se. brakes “on combination vides, You must seo make the ‘elew'g chacks on yeurdousle or pia welors 7.44 ~ Additional AirBreke Checks CCheck Task Air Flows to All rales (Dousle nd Tripte Trailers) Use tho tractor parting bra “andor chock the wheels o ld toe voile, Wat for aie pressure foreach acme, then pesh in ne ‘20 allr 2 Supply Arob. Ths Wil supply Bt 10 the emergency (Supp lines. Use the aller handbrake to provide a'o the sevice ine, Goo {th rear of ive rg. Open tho margancy tne shu ff vate at ere Of Tse as! Wale! You sno fez alr escaping, snag the entre system ie hargad, Close the emegency tne valve. Open ‘he. service ine vave lshers {Unie or company offlensofen have copie of he ‘ules for civer use. Find out wnere yo an get yout oun eoay 10 use on the job ‘The reguiaions requ trating and esting fora vets" involved in. Wwanspotiag. haszrdous ators.” Your employer ea desgnaies representatve Is equ to provide fis tang Sand testing Hazareous malerite erpoyere ae Fanuied io keep © record of that ravnra on escn ‘employee as long as hat employee working wih hazardous mata, and for 90 days theroater. ‘Tho regulators "eqire Pat hszaous mates employees be rained ard tested atleast once very tee yore By March 24, 2006, al avers must be trlned a ‘he socurty reke of hazaidoue mater ‘eanepotatlon. ‘This tlning rust Include how Io recognize a respond to posebie secu threat ‘The regulations atso require thet divers hove special wainng before sting 3. vehi’s Pensporing earn larmable gas mates or highway route conteten quantites of rashoacve matoras. In adios, crwere Waneporing cago {ance and potabe tonke must -ecehve specialzee laity. Each deers employer ov he oe osigncied repeseriatve mist provide suc" vrening ‘Some ocstions require porn to eandpot eon explosives o ouk haraous wastes. Salon and {ounes also may requ dvr to flow sper). hezardovs matanas roves. The federe ‘Govern may recuro perms or exemple feSonera Ores Ueenee hans! special hazardous moter cago euch 28 rooxet es Find out about permits, exer pons, and special routes for the paces you ve, £41 ~The Intent of the Regulations 9.4.4 ~ Contain the téuiriat Transporting hazardous marie can be dehy. The rogaine ae intondes fo ats! you, Inase zound you, and the ervronnont. They ta Shppors ow to package Ine materials Stely apd ‘iver now (9 leas, anspor, and ucload the trates. These are eallod “censhment res” 8.1.2 Communicate tha Risk Givers ard obers abeut the mate hazares ‘The vegulabore recive shipoae to put Fazare vwamag”labais on. packages, OV de proper shiping papers, emergancy response inlormalin, gra gsr." These ste “crimes he 9.1.3 Assure Safs Drivers and Equipment In oxcee o gat» hazardous males endorsement fon'a COL, yeu rust pass a writen leet about {Tansporing hazardous meter To past the tes, you must know how to leentty what are hazardous mater ‘Sofeylad sprints, Properly placard you vehile in accordance with ‘heres Safely Fanepot shipment sam the rues and follow them, Fatowing the ‘ies tecveas the Hk of ingxy rm hasardous Imeteiste Taking shorts ty meaking sles I neat. Rule breakers o2" be fac anc pt na Inspect your vehile bafse end turing each tr. ‘aw extereoment fears tay sep and Inspect ut vehicle. When stopped, they may check yur {hang papers. verive placards, and Tae hracrcovs tre endorsement on you" cies Teanse, and your soawedge of hazardous mater, 2.2. Hazardous Materiais ‘Yeansportation. -Who Does What 8.2.4 The Shipper ‘Sands prods rom ene place io enthe-by ck, ‘al, vetea or apne, sos. the. hazardo determine the proces rmaterats rogulaions t© Proper shipping name, Hazon ela, Icereaton number. scking group. (Corer packaging Correct label and marking, Correct pacar. ‘Must package, mark, and label the materia: prepare shipping payers; provide enegency Tesponce ‘eration: are supply placards Gertiy onthe shipping paper ta the shipment has ‘Seen proparea aebarcng Ye toe es (lees Jou are pulirg cargo tanks supped by sou or your employ) 92.2- Tive Cantor Takes the shipment from the shippe’ to te destnat on Porto Pansporation, checks thal te shinger corecty “deetbed, "marked. leboled. and ‘tnerige prepared ie shame for rarspertation Refuses taaropershiprenis Reports seaidens and incidents _invaiving hazardous ‘mater 10 the proper goverment eeerey 9.2.3~ Ihe Driver Mates sure the shippes has identi, marked, ard labeled th nazarcous mates orpery ‘uses leaking packages and sioment Placars vahice when nding, {roqared ‘Safely Vanepors the shipment without delay, Folows ail special rules” sbovt Wangportng ardoue mates Kooos hazaidovt matarts shipping papers end emerceny rezorse momaion i the. Pope8.3 Communication Rules 9.3.4. Definitions Some words and pvases have special meanings ‘when taking sbout hazadous walerals. Some of these may efler fot meanings you ae used ‘The worde and phrases nt soclon may be on your lost The meanings of oar important wees Bein ina glossary et ho end of Sector 8. ‘A materets hezard_ ass reects tho sks ‘2escited wih i There ar nin eeron hazard asees. The tyes of mater als ncuded Ir these fine lseses aro Figures © fle 11 [somserowee | ononte Sa | Agnes | RNS 1483 | Boers | Satay roman Sa | Neyinanate | Aeon 13 | Simeone | Strap 4152 | eeitanice” | Wt og “8 | emetcethes | 5/2 [Coenen | ARIE ° az roman | H Ta | o sate na Forcier T Fed Finer gs. ao 1 A shipping paper deserves the hazarcous mmaleras being transported. Shipgng ose, ils aT TERS WET of lacing, anc maniests are a shippieg papers. Figure 0.8 shows an exampie siopng per. ‘ter an sceldont or hazardous mates spill or leak, yoo may be ‘lured. and rab. '0 Cems neste the bazar ye rei yu 28 Irareportng, Sreigtere ond pote ean prevent ot recuse tre amount of damage 0° may at he Soone i zny know wat hazardous ratels ae being caret Your Me, and ine ives of ers, ‘may deperé on quickly locating the Nazardous Materia shop papars. For thal reason ye Shippes lo describe hazardous mates carey ‘nd inause an emergency response teiephone rome on shop papers ‘ates shipang paper, oF Kasp thor on tp of ther skpping Papers snd Koop the reieed “metgency responce formation wi the Shpping Drivers to keep hazardous materls shipsing papers: > nappoueh one vers dooe, of In coervaw win immediate each wil ho ‘Seatbelts fastenad whe dvng, oF Oni devs seat wher oof the vehi 9.3.2 Package Labels Shippers put diamond-shaped raza warning ‘obee. on most hazardous materals packages These labels inform otvers of be hasaed. me Garon label ont ft on the package, spears trey pul te labo ona lag serio attached fo he pckage. ror exemple, comressea gas eyes {hat wal nt bod label wi have tape or Uecse. {abel ook kee expos mn Fgue 829.3.3 - Lists of Regulated Products Placards. Placa are used to warn others of hazardous ators. Placards are signs put onthe ‘ufside of 2 vehi and on Blk peckagos, which ‘ently the harard cas of to cargo. A ptcarded hide must hve at lees our Kenta! plants. ‘hoy are pt onthe front, rar ana both des of the vehide. See Fgue 03. Placards must be ‘eadabl rom al four crectone. They area least 10 4. inches square, squareorpoin. ina tamond shape. Cargo tanks and her alk packaging display the endfcaton pumbor of her Eortets on placards or riage panes © white ‘squre-on plot plays ta are the same sie a8 plas Examples of HAZMAT Placards, Figure 9.3 Identification numbers are 2 fourcige code used by frst responders to Wenty hazardous mateale ‘An ideitieaton sumer may be sed 1 Ident more than one chem Th liars “NA or “UN. al preceds the dentition puma. Tho Unies ‘States Deparment of Traspertaton's Eme ‘Guidebook (ERG) Wentiee te Choma al denticalon numbers sra assigned ‘Tere are tee rain sts used by shipors carters, and cries whan ‘tying. fo. Wertly Razardoue materi "Botoretaneboding 2 ‘ater, look for fz name on vee Ist. Some ‘atedale ae onlin. ohers on only ona ‘Auways chock tha folowing ie: ‘Section 172101, the Hazardous Materials Table. Agpendx Ato Seaton 17201, the List of Hazardous Substoncos a Quant. ‘Appendix B to Sexton 172.107, the Uist of Marine Poles, ‘The Hazardous Materials Table. Figure 94 shows part of the Hazardous Meio Table. Column’ tale which shigpng meode() the ey fifecl' and other information "cenceing. te ‘hoping cescrpten. Te next fve columns show ‘each maieras shipping name, hazard cess oF ‘Ssion,lentfeaion romber, pactaghng. Sr. and requ abe 0 front symbols may appear in Column of bette (+) Shows the proper shipping name, hazard loss, and packing group to usa, even If the material oes meet ta hazar class Sefton (A) Means the hazardous malo described InCalumn 2s sued to the HMR only ‘en offered oe tended fr anspor by Sr unless t's 9 hararcout svbetanon hazarcous ast, (N) Means the hazardous materia! cescibed ‘n-Galumn 2s subject to the HMR only “hon fered or and Yor rangporaton by water unless it is 8 hazardous subsiance, hazardous wacle, or marine polar, (©) Meane" the proper shipping name is ‘spproprieta for describing matore for omeste trareportation, but may rot Be rope for iternatonal aneportaton ()—enies a prover shiping name thats Used to desorbe matorale In nteratora!Coreen ra naa so! aR EAT Tao naa TE pacar") sens | Sacuattirs [Seat | eatasoe [ng te | St, Seki |S PRS | die Le ae Bafa er 5 raaramerme ps ore hr fp arefe foto Tea spas ae oR ————— [lteter Siena ne para cunts | a a co Sreigoaea | Beazer ye @ Thiophene! _ ian Segpewe [er SO an Bees Tonos aan [eee roe Lopaenis | wasn int nse ice ——| Sa ag i [Preece asd —| Heong Pees [ast ospone ae son 76) eee | SERORT ooo +stesnnieae | DES me [PERSE Lessorentte [case Spas boa Figures “Futiider® mate You placard shpmens Lrensportaton. 4 afeent shipping name may. be used ‘wher only” domestic ‘Tarsportaion ined Meane (s hazardous mater deseted in Golan 2 9 orate sig ae. & fgenene shipping remem Scoompanad 8 # tent sane one Shipping paper A technica: name tea pectic chemical that makes the product Nazordoue, ° Column 2 lists the proper shiping names and esciptons of requaiee materials. Crivet ran Siprabetca dor bo you can more ley nd te Fight eruy. ‘The idle. shows proper ehoping fama in roglar ype. The shipping paper ms Show poser sipping names, Names shoe Naies are rot proper shipping names Cousmn 3 sous & matarsts hazard clees or Aisin, ¢ the ony "Fortaden Never anspor 6 ‘eas on the quanty and hazard dae "You can aide whieh plocaras fo use Fyn! know these three things: Natori hazard aes ‘rrount bing ship, ‘Arrounto a hazardous mattis oa dasses on your vehicle. alum 4 tts the eneaten ramecr for each prone shipping name. Idenieaon numbers ae preceded by te eters UN or NA The ete's INA" are absocate wi proper shoeing nemes ‘al ee ony used wan the Cte Silas and ‘2nd fam Caneda, The icenteeton numaer must Bppeer on te sipping, paper prt othe Shipping cescrpton an “aso appgar or the Dackoye. I aso rust pea on cago tanks ane folner Buk packaging. Dolce anc frefghers use is mumbe Yo ky intl oe hezarousCCcumn 5 shows te packing grup (hn Reman rumiera) assigned tea mete Couns 6 stows the hazzrd warning ‘abols) shopers must pul on packages of hazardous rmlelas. Some products requre use of more than ‘rs labal due toa dual hezaré being present No labu ie neased whare the tate shows the word NOWE ‘Coun 7 tists the eden (pedal provisions ‘hat apaly to thie matanal. When here i an ery Inthe column, you aust refer tothe. feral ‘agiatone for specie ‘normaton, The numbers {3's colin roan the hazardous mater 4 poison Inalatlon hazard (Pi) PIM materale Fate special requremerts for shipping papers, mating, ane pacers. Goumn 8 is a tesa column showing the ‘ecurerents foreach hevardoue mae Hore: Columns 9 and 10 éo net apply to ‘rancportation by highway. Append A to 49 CER 172.10" ~ The List of Hazardous | Suselances and” Reportsble ‘Qusnaties. "he D0" ant the EA want to kon ‘about spc of hezardous substances. They are fame tho Ust Of Hazardous Subslances ang Reporable Quanttes, See Fgute 9.6. Cohan 3 felt shows each orodcets epoca quay [RG). When these materals are bong ranapor in aveporuble quanily or eter n one poctag, the shipser splays te laters RO en the shipping paper ane package. "he ites RO may appear eta or aftr the baste desertion. Yor 0: your fmlojer must report any sil ofthese mater, (whl occu in eporaie quay. {fhe words INHALATION HAZARO appear on the hiping pepe’ o” package, the ties requre ‘sph of he POISON INHALATION HAZARD ot POISON GAS placerds. es appropiate. These Dlacads must ‘be used in aediton fo othe lacards, which rray be requres by tha produte hazed cess. Aways depay tho hezare ass placa'd and tre POISON INFALATION HAZARD Placed, even for small amount. Append: & to 40 CER 172.101 ~ Marine Politants ‘AppensicB i 3 Hsing of chamicas that ere tone {oman ie. For Nery tranepo aon, te Ist IS ony sed ‘or chomlcas In 8 contain wit & copacty of 118 gallons or more wahout a pacers Or label os specied by be oR, Ary bik packages of Marine Polutan: must dispey the Mare Polat marang (we W018 wih 2 fish and an X twough tho fs). Ts making (ts ota placard) rst ako be eslayed onthe cuss oft verice. In adcton, a notation Mus! be mae en the shipping papers. ea tho dosorplen af he meter: “Marine Paha Sag Fa ” sae reo, Seomtes Teri yw] ar Reg ee a oer Sate Fe tn cso Sows Terie @ (Phosgene is oe repatate rope png ‘uanity) one. tom Coun 2 Hesncre ii at} stots Toe) nore he {Genter otunm «of “oe ‘ate Tis ew Gly TAL We shove nerd FASES BT rope cesta dosroed, packaged ere [abn an are ih ptoper cancion fr rreonason eerang 1 the apleabio rogusone of Be Uaioe Sides Otsetrend Tempoator oe Caron Sal shoper Gamerstn fet Be Se Ba Sa: Sabor, oor Spacliintructons: 24 hour Emergency Contac Bin Sen aon 855658 Figure ee 9.5.6. The Shipsing Pap: “The shipping pane: shown in gure 96 describes a [evpment A spp paper ior sezscous “Se a aonmacty Orv ticeae Man Page numbers i the shipping paper has more then one page The fest page mast tal te ota number ot pages. For exams, Page tof & 1 proper shipping decerpin for each hazardous rater Rshope's certification, signed by the shops, Eajing they prepared Be shpmert according 10 theres 9.5.5~ The item Deserition Ha shipping paper describes both nazardous and ron-harardous produts, he hazardous Maris swinbo ether Doscrbectit Fighightod In 8 contrasting cor. Identied by’ an X" paced Belo the shipping rare in 2 coun coptored “HM. Tho Teters FRO" may be used insoad of "x" rapatabe ‘quanyiepresent ir ane package. The base description of hazardous mtorls Ircudes tt proper shiping name, hazard dass ‘usin, fe detesten rumor, and the packing ‘group. trasy, that onder. Toe pacing group played in Raman “numarle and may he roseded ty"PG Shipping name, hard class, and tentfoaton hutnber mst net be abbrevisies une species Subrorzs in the hazerdove materi reglatone ‘The deserston must also show: The total panty and unit of maasure Tralee RO, fs repatabe quantity, ie laters’ RQ sppear, the name of the haaraous nbstarce Par a malls with the later “G* (Generic n (Column , the technical name of tho Razarscus rate ‘Sipping papers also. must et_an emergency response lepoone “ourber The emergency Tesporae tdephane number eth responsi of the shipper tan be used. by emergency fespendere. to. obtain ilermaton about any haacous mstrsls involed in spl o° fre Some haurcout store do not need 3 telephone rember,” Yeu should oho the regulatons’er stg. Shippers abo must provide emergency response ‘formation 0 the oor cater ‘ov cs Mavarsous ‘moweia ang enopee. The emergency vesporse Infoomedlon nist 3e ate be used yom the ‘moter veel and must prosge oration on how (0 cafdy reve leteents nwalvg te maria. ‘Setar 2 Hains aa ‘must indude infomation on the shipping name of {he hezarco.s meters. ists. oath, re, ‘exlotion. and iia! methods o! Rancing ss ‘re, a ‘Such Inormaton zn ve on the shiping paper ot ome her document thet incusen the bas escrplon ond tesinie! name of the hesardous mater. Or, tay be ina guidance Dock euch a8 the. Emergency Response Guidebook (PRO). Motor comers may asset shippers by Keepirg 2 ERG ‘on eacy venele earyng) hazardoos lois. The érvor must provide the emergency Fesponselforaion to sry federal, stat, o” acs! Bury respondeg to 8 hazardous meters incsaon’ or svastiating oe, ‘Total quantty must appa: beer o ater he basic escrpton. The packaging Wype ad 0 crit of ‘measurement may be abbravated, For example: {Ocins Pains, 3, UW“265, 26 I, S00, ‘Tho shipser of hazardous wastes must pu the vyoré WASTE before the proper shipping name | the materia on the shop paper (hazardous waste manos). For amo Waste Acelove, 5, UN1099, PG I ‘Aronhazardous nateril may rot be described by ‘sing a hazaré cessor an erticaton nub. 9.3.6~ Shioper's Ceriication ‘When the shioser packages hazardous mains, hltheeecfes thet the package. hes. baer ropared ‘according to the’ ties The ‘signed Shippers catifeaton appears on the. ong shippng paper The only excoptons are when & Shipper isa prvete care’ tarsporing the ow rode: and wien the package is provides bythe farrier (for exampe, 2 corgo tank). Unless a Backage i leery sraafe or does not comply wth {he Fam, you may aooept "the shippers coriceten cancaring| proper packaging. Some Cariers Nave addon! ‘vies eboct transporting hazardous materials. Folow your enpoyer® res vunen accepting sprees 8.3.7 Package Markings and Labale Shippors pnt requires mings dey on the Beckoge, an atachod label cig An iportant packope markng is the none of te hazards Frolorts. the sare rare oe te one 9 the shiping peer. Tne reqiramants fo marking vary By package sae and malsral being Wanepoed ET‘wien requred, the shipper wl put he flowing on the package: ‘The rame and acess of shipper or consign Toa Fazaidous material's hipang, name. and ‘onifcaton number Thelabals equi, Its a good ids to compare the shiping ‘na mange one Iabels Awaye mate eure hat the shpper shows the correct basi Gescpton or the shipping paper ard veries that the pope !abels are shown on the packages you are nt familar wh the matoria ask ihe 'shoper to comet yaur fe. If les require the shipoer wil put RO, MARINE POLLUTAN:, SOHAZARD, HOT. or INHALATION.HAZARD on th package, Packages wid gut containers nee wit ato have packege Dentaton markings wth te arrows pontng is ‘corect upright drecton. The lobes used alvaye Feet tre nazard cis of he prodl. a package feeds mare tha one abe the labels wil be close {gear rea he pope: sipping name 9.3.8- Recognizing Hazardous Materials Loam io recogrie shipments of hazardous maters. To fd ov. T tho shipment nels Fazardous materi, look at Wo shipping oes Doves i hav fn entry wth a proper sipping name, hezerd ‘aes ad denicaton number? ‘A hihlghed entry, or one wih an X or RO inthe harardous meters column? (ter cues suggesting hazardous matte: What business the shipper in? Pala: dear? CChenical sup0'/? Selenite suopty house? Pest convo) or aproutural suppter? "Explosives, unions, er teow dealer? ‘re thee tanks wits camord labels or placards on Ine promises? Wat ype of packoge being shaped? Cylinders and crams arb often used Yor hazarous mater ais shipments, 15's ard class label, proper ehisping name, or Identicaton namo ante peekage? ‘Are he ay Paneling prosacions? 9.3.9 Hazardous Waste Menifest When waneportng hazardous wastes, you mus! sign by hand and carry 2 Unform Hazardous ‘Waste Manfest The same and EPA regetaton nuraber of the shiopers, cao, and destination must appear on the anfest’ Shopers must Prepare, cao, and sign by hand the manfesk. {reat the mentest 368. sping paper when transporting. the. waste. Only. gle’ the waste Siomert to. snainerfgisteres amen or sposalteatment fect. Each canier transporting ho shipment mst sign by hand he ‘manfoe. ter you delver the anprent, Keep your Copy oF the manfas. Each copy must havea needed signatures and dats, meting tose of ‘he person fo whom you delvered te waste, 9.3.40 Mlacarding ‘toch the appropiate placards fo the venise before you ce You are en alow to move ‘an impeperyplgcarded vehicle durng 3 smergenoy. inorder to proectte or property Placars mus appear 0» bat sides and both ends of ie vere, Each placra must be: Eaciy scan fom th drecton it trea. raced 0 the words or numbers are lvel and reed from eto ‘Aleast ‘hee ‘sches eway fom any other markings Kept clear of atschments or devices suc es Taders, doors, ane trpeuin, Kept clean and undamaged so the! the color, Feral, and message ar eal sean Be axe to a backgroud of contrasting cle. The use of “Drive Safely end ether slogans prohsies ‘Tho fot placard may be onthe ont of the tractor cor the fontof tv vai To decide which places to use, you need to kom “The hezard cass oho materials ‘The amount of hazardous matrle shipped The tolal wegM of af utter of hacardous materi io your vate, 2.3.11 ~ Piecare Tables There aie no placer abies, Tabi 1 and Febe 2. Tabi tmaleras ust be pacardot whenever say amounts anepored. See gure?Ccommach Cavers iene Mena xcept for bulk packaging, the hazard classes in Table 2 reed pacares oxy # tre fla amou transporte is 1,001 pounds o” moro ielading the oun meanlon acer dos ot spay 0 poekape, Aa! the smears fom shoe vanaTan? avers ort the Table 2 prods you have on s.c01 Pound Gr ore Dent Sea rows 88 ‘atagerye Wawra} —— fsa cece oe dvson Fiscond Tabie bet and stitenc’ | Pacer Name anytime “sonata, a TF YOURVEHCLE | L_—- sean CONTANS ANY | rLACARDAS. 7a Vay rome | Base 2 AMOUNT OF 1 Seine Fae —[eptsnes 7 Tiss Eisves | EoometT———| Peslsves zPigecttaeards—[egosves 12 ——| | 21 Fale Gis Fase Gan Tata tre are | epener to 2 Non: Fares Gabe | Raw ame Ga 23 Poisonous one | f Benet as nate Sones Prison Gas Conte Ln Teri <3 Spo 4. Fareabi anal Farwnatie Sold ——| Comusbie Wine’ | Dangerous When Wt 42 Spenaneoisly | Spetrense, wa Comburtble Snautse 52 (Orne Pome, Sr Ose esis Type Bil 8088 | ogni Pero 2 (theron aro Temperature rene Peoria persue pe Sag x cantatas) ‘i, Tenowre Ora ere (elton Fae Sothotay zoreR& Bony) | Paton 7 (Radioactive Yala tober aannaston | pas, ‘iaba oni) Factoetve famifsore or 8) Fan earner OT You may use OANGEROUS places motos ot | Fcasaaues Cost Separate pacaas for each Table 2 Fazal Ho ke wer ows — er] You hive 1001 pounds or more of wo or more | comsvetiont ona tageleins ate an TaieD haurdcaccen ney” Grae — FSPMGUETELEen sme tr treet paces, ext You have not ioaded 2,205 gounds or more of ay ‘Tebe 2 hazard cass mater et any one pace (You must use tre ‘spectc placard for tas rateral) ‘The. dangarous plocerd is an option. neta fequremart. Yoo can always. placa’ for he mater, HE the words {NHALATION HAZARD sre on the Shopng. paper o: package, you mest splay POISON GAS or POISON -iAALATION placards in editor to any other placards neoded by ne Produ’ hazard else. The 1000 pound exception ‘ees rol apply thes matorae. Materials with 8 seconcary hazard of dangerous win wet must dspiay the DANGEROUS WHEN SET oiscars in adlion to any othe, placards odo’ bythe prcduct's haze as. The 1,000. |Leanspertaton| | Fauete Placards ceed to eniy the primary 0” subsiiany hazare class of a material must have the Nazard clase oF aision nue" dieplayed in the lower come’ of be. placa, Permanenty -affrac vazard placards wrote hazed umber may Be used as leng as they tay win" color" specfeatons. Non permanently ‘Mixed Subsioary Fazard placards wnat Ine hazard clase nunber maybe veed unt! Ootave” 1 2008, Pacarcs nay be clays or hazardous mateale Seen # not fequree so long aa the pacar enter “the hazars “6! “ihe mater being ‘renspored 1 bulk paotaging Is 8 single container win 2 Copacly of 118 gallons or reve. A bok package,nar Diver ear aan and a venice warspoting buk package, mus! be Dlacarded, even fH only has the residue of a Fazarcous mate Cerin bul packages nly have to Be placard on te wo opposite sien of ‘may aipley inbels Al other ute packages mus! Be placard ana Your sides, aaa rrr a! Subsections 8.1, 9.2, and 2.3 Test Your Knowledye Shippers sackago in order to (fi the Blank te mater 2 Diver pncard thelr venice to (1 3) the ‘tra) te is, 3. What ee tings do you need to ke to decide which placer (any) you need? 4A hazardous mats eiieation ‘umber must appear onthe inthe Bank) and on the (itn the blank). The idonticaton number mest also spear on argo tata ond ther bulk packaging, 5. Where. mist you keep shipping, bapars Geserbing hazardous matsas? ‘Teese questions may be on you es. you can't answer ther sl, remead subsections 8.192 and a3, 2.4 Lonel 1p all you ean fo protect containre of hazardous materi. Don't use. any" teals, which mig Camage conainers or lher packaging. dang ‘oadng. Dov use hocks, ng and tinloading 9.4.1 ~ General lading Requirements ‘Before loading or uniading, et the paring take, Mako sie tha von. i nok move, Mary products becom more hazerdous when ‘@xgated 0 neat Load hazardous materials Snsy Wate for sons of aking of damaged container: TERKS. SPELL TROUBLE! Do not Vangport leaking packages. pending onthe materi yo, Your tuck ard. obwere could be in Sango Tega’ to move 2 vehle wis ‘esking neeaecous Containess of Css < (explosives), Class. 3 (Ganmsbe squids), Coss? lhammabie 0s), ‘Scion hac te Cass 5 (osizes). Cats 8 (corosves), Class 2 (ges09), ‘Dision 6.1” (polsons). and ‘Class 7 (odioactve) must be 2ced to prevert movement (tthe packages curing wansporaton No_ Smoking. When loeing or unicedng hazardous matrals, kaop fee avay, Dont "et Deople smoke nearby. Never smote sround Chess 1 (Explosives) Gises 2 (Fare Sas) Gass 3 (Rammabie ude) (lass & (Flame Sots) Glass 8 (Oxtdzass) Secure Agsinet Mover. Brace containers so ‘hoy il "olla sider bounce arcurd cing Wenepotaton. Be very carl when loading contaers that have valves or other fkinge. At hazardous Maes packages "wus! Ge. Secured uring tensportston ‘fer loading, do nt open any package during You ti, Nover transfer hezardous mater Fort fone package fo another whe i transl You ray femply a cago tak, bt donot empty cry other package wet on the veicle Cargo Hester Rules. Thro ere seial cargo hater ls for loading: Ciass 1 (Expiosives) Giass 2" (Fammable Car) ‘Gass $Planmable igs) ‘The roe usualy foruid ute of cargo nesters, Incucing automatic caco Nealerat condtona’ Uns. Uness you hive read al the relates rues ont oad the above produce ia sargo space thas a heater ee Closed Cargo Space. You camet have ‘oversang o tall oace Glass i Exiosives) ase 4(Fanmabe Sole) (Gass 6 (Oxeinas) ‘You must load these hazardous materi Into & dosed ergo space urore ab packages are Fre and water resistant (Coverea wah are ae water resin arp, Frecauttans fo: Spec tiara Case 4 (Exsoetvas Materials. Tue your engine oF belore loecing or utoating any ‘exsloswes ‘Then check he cargo space You rustDisebe cargo hosters. Disconnect heater power sources ane ue heate ue tare, Make sure there are no sharp ponis that might tlamage cago. Look fr bots, szrows, als, broker sce panels, ard broken tocrboarse Utes toon ining vith Ovison 13, 1.2, 0° 4.3 (Cass A o 3 Exposves). The Neos must be tht {and the er rust be ether nor-metlie materia er nen frre et. Use era care to protec: explosives. Nover use hooks oF other mei tool, Never op, row, © rol sackages. Protect explosive packages fom father cargo ‘al might cause Soroge Do nel ante a Divison 1.1, 1.2, oF 1:3 (Case A (oF 8 Expite) fem ono vate 1 another on public roeoway excopt an amergency. Healy Tequtes an emergency enster, sel cut rez ‘warning refers, fags, of elec lane. You rst warn ators on ho rae, Nove: transport damaped packages o explosives. orate paces a owe ay amass 20 not wanspent Divison 7. of 1.2 (Class A Explosives) stipes orf vehice eonbnatone i ‘There is a marked oplscerdod cargo ta the combination ‘Thesiher vahite i te combination contains: 2» Disin 1.1 A (iiiating Explosives) Packages of Cass 7 Raioactve) materials lebsted Yalow Wi" > Divsion 23 Poisonous Gea) 0” Onislon 61 (Pottonous) matoraie, Hazardoue materials lo portable tank, on a DOT Spec TOBA or 110A tank Clase 4 (Flammable Solis) and Clase 5 {(Oxiizers) Naterle, Claes « materiale are sobs that react (neleding fee and exiocon) to water, heat nd aor even react sponta, Clots 4) ond 5 mates must be completly ‘encloses ina vehi or eaveredaacucely, Cass 4 and 5 ales, which become unstable. and angorous when wet. must be ep dry while In transt and during gating and unloadag. Materale that are sblect (0 spontaneous combustion heatng mist beim vahoes wih sutidon, vent aon Ctacs 6 (Corroeiv) Matera, loading by hand lad breaksbie containers of coresve Haul ene yon Koo> tar ig side up. Do nt Op 0 the cominers. toad them ono ar even Moor Surface. Stack cetboys ony i he lower tre can Dear te weight of he upper tar tly. Do not ad iti ais above any ether product Loa charge storage betes to ther iqid wen sol Keep ther 9h sido up. Make sive Gti argo wort fal against or shert crt hem. Never load cose quid next loo above: Diision 14 (Explosives ©) Diision 47 (Farvnebie Soft) Dion 43 (angers When Wa), Class 5 (Oxtuar) DBhvsior 23, Zon0 B (Posencus Goset) Naver load ceresive guide wn Division 1.1 or 12 (Sxposives A). Diusion 12 0 1.3 (Exposes 8) Division 15 (Stsine Agora). DDision 23, Zone A(Patsonous Gases). Division 42" (Spontaneously Combcstble Mater). Divison 6.1. PG. Zone A (Palm i) ices 2 (Compreseed asec) including CGryogenie Liquids. ¥ your venice oesst fave ‘aks tale eyinder, the cargo space foe: must De Bat. The eyncers mus be: ets upcght In racks ttn to ie woh orn boxes tha wl keep them fom tuning over Cylinders may bo loaded ins horizon! postion (ing cov) ts designed vote et valve isn the vapor space. Division 23 (Poisonous Gas) oF Division 64 (Poisonous) Nstera'e. Nover tenapor thes Mratering in corianers ‘wil. iteronnectons Never load 2 package ‘atelos POISON or POISON INHALATION HAZARD in ne era's cab oF shaper or with food materia! for human of fsnimel consumpcon. There ae speck rules for Ibading ee snloading Clase ? mater in cargo ‘tanks. You must have spacial walnng Wo doth. Class 7 (Radiocctive)Haterine, Some packages of Class 7 (Radioactva) materls boar 9 nue failed tha ‘want index Tne shipper labels these gackages Racioactve li or Radioscne Il ‘a pis the packages transport index on Ne labet Racin surouncs each package, passing Chrough all nearby packages. To deal win ths Paap oTone! river rae Meas problem, the number of packeges you can load {ogethor is convaied, Ther closeness tO peope, anmais, and uexoosed fin aso conan, The transport index tols the deyree of contol noaced ving Vanscotatien. "Te al anspor Incex ot ‘al pockeges na singe sehile must not oxcead SoTable A to tis sexton shows rules for cach \tanspot index shows how close you can load Claes 7 (Rasioacive) mates 0 peop, animale, or fim, For exarpi, you sant loeve a package ‘i 3 anspor index of £7 wihin two feet cf Boople or cargo space was SaaS Suengsa22, | onppengreses Scars | RRaees, Sra mao CORT (Pons nae) Cae (Coracietigush sn 2 Sierra 13 (cues Aa Bees ° ior 21 rune a, (Ses Gianna Sts (Gi Ans) {len sas areal Ghavaes nen nae Se Gena Wwixed toads. The rules requ some products to be loaded ‘coperatdy. You canes. load them fogethor inthe same cargo s2ace. Figure 89 ists some exarmpes. Ihe reguatans (the Segregation land Separation Char} ase ther materi you most keep opar. Suasection 9.4 st Your Knowledge 1 Around wah nareré castes rust you 2 Which sae hazard classes should nat be losded ito taler that ves» heave condone unit? 3. Should the flor tin requta or Oiion Aa or 1-2 matte (Espocives. A) be Aleinoss ston? 4. —_Althe hipers dock your phan a paper fer "100 canons. ot balley 0d. You atready nave 100 pounds. of ery Siva- Cyance on ‘board, What arcautons So younave o take? 5. Ne a hazard class that uses tarsoort Evian titan the aount tha can be losded ina singe vl ‘These quotons may be on your tat. you cant answer hem al ro-eed eubeecton 4 ¥.t ~ Bulk Packeging Marking, ¢oading and Unloeding The glossary at tho end ofthis sexton gies the rmoanrg of tre Wotd buk. Cargo tee ero lt pacwong parmanenty stactes to vende. Cargo tanks remain onthe vehcla wen you tac ‘nd uriead them. Parable. fare are bse Dackaging, whic are nol penraneriy stashed ‘0 8 venice. The products onded or loaded while ‘bo posable tanks are off the vette, Poabia {anks are hen put on @ venice fr rassportation, ‘There are many ypes 0! cargo tarss nse. The ‘most eoreran earg tanks we MC308 fo luis [Sad MOSS or geen, 9.5.5 Markings You must eapiay te idendcaon cumber ofthe hazardove motels in porate tance ad coo tanks and other buk packaging (such a6 dump ‘tyes. entation numbers eet eam 4 of the Hazarcous haterale Tab. The rule roquiro bback 100mm (3 neh) numbers on orange panels, paras, or & white canond-shaped bockgound no placards ae reqited ‘Spocteation cargo tank mist show "test dele rmanings Portadle taris ust also show tte lessee a: vanes name. Thy must io ep the shipping ame ofthe contents on vo opposig sides “he lees of the shiping name mest beat eat we [ches talon podabin tanks wth tapas inore shan #000 galloes asd" oneinen ta! on Portia tanks ah capacties of los thon 1.000 ‘alone. The Bemfeston number meat appea’ on ach se and wach and portabia ak or oar bute packaging that Pld 7000 lens or more “Sean a a eee‘and cr two opposing Sides, if the potable tak holes less tan 7,000 galors. The tenufcaton omoers must si be visbe when the gortabe tank onthe motor veil. they are ol wala, you must essay tne lenticaton umber en both {he and ens fhe mao vile Interrmdote bulk conteners (BCs) ace bulk packages, But are nt recuitos fo have the owner’ 9.5.2 Tank !oacling The person in cargo of leasing and unloading a ayo lene must be sua 2 qualtied peso) ‘ways watching. This person watching tha leading or uneaaing rust: Be se. awe a clear wow o the carge tank Bevin 25 feat of te tan Know ef the hazards of the metals involved. iknow le procedures to fllow nan emergency. Be authorized to move te cargo tar and able to cov. “Ther are special atondance rales fot cargo tanks ‘eansoarting prepare and anhycreus ammonia Close a manholes and valves before navi @ tank of hazarcaus materia, no ator how smal tho amount inthe tank or how shor the tance. Manhoba and vsives must be closed fo prevent Teaks. 1 legal to move # cargo tank win epan ales or covers unies fs empty soccdng 6 crR 73.28. 9.8.9~Flammable Liquide ‘Turn off you engine befor leasing or vnloading any fanmanie Iquds. Ony run the engine Wf heeded © operate # puns. Grune» cxgo tank Corrects botore ling i tough an open fling hele. Ground the tank before oponing tho Teng hole, ard. mainten the groune unl afer closing Theta pote 9.5.4 Compressed Gas oop t's echarge valves ona compressed gas tank closed excont rhe" lading ar! loading, Unless. your engre rune a. pump for produc transer, "urs Let when toads of unloeding. you use the engina, tun it of er proscet trate, befor you uoneok the hose. Unnook loasinghrdeading comecios below ‘covning, \Uneouping, a: mowing @ ergo Tene. Ateys noch tralars and sem-raiers to prevent maton when tneoupled rom te power Un Subsection 9.5 ssi Your Knowlodge 4%. What are cago tenks? 2 Sow 32. portato fank oflaent frm @ cargo tank? 3. Your engine rune @ pump sed curng Galvory a” comprested gas. Shows you tun" ot the onane before ote Unhocking ese after delve"? ‘These questions may be on your tt. you cant ansmor ther a oread subsecton 65, ee 9.6 — Hazardous Naterinis - Driving and Parking Rules 2.6.1 - Parking with Division 1.1, 1.2, 01 (Class Aor) Expiosives Nove park wth Dvsion 1.9.4.2, oF 1. (Clas A or £8) oxlosves within tive fea ofthe Vaveied pat of the read. Exeoot fr short parade of tne needed ‘or vice cnration nocosties (0.9. fusing). 62 rot paren 900 foe ‘Atri, tunel, er bling, ‘pace where people gather an open te. you must ark oo your fb, co s0 ny bey (Dont pak on private propecy antes the owners ‘aware ofthe danger Someone rust alwaye atch the parked vehi. You may let eomeane ese watch tor you ony your vehie ‘On he shippers propey (On the carers prope On the consignee's property, You are allowes 10 eave your vehide unatendad inva sate haven. Asolo Naver fs an. approved place for parkrg uraltended veheios loaded with ‘xploaves. Designation of atrorznd safe havens Istsualy nade by oca at vaites.2.8.2 Parking a Placerced Vehicle Not Transporting Division 1.1, 1.2, or 1.2 (Clese Aor B) Explosives ‘You may park a placard vehicle (not fen wth explosives) vin five let of the Vaveled pat of ‘Be road ony # your ork requires Do 6 nly Defy. Somgone must alvays watch te vehicle whan perked ena publ soadway oF shovider, So rot ureoupe 8 taller anc leave t wih heeartous ater ona puobe sre, Do not park wit 300 feat ofan epen ro 9.6.3~ Attending Farked Vehicles ‘The person tending a piacarded ehile must Be in the vehi, awake, ard not Inthe sleeper both or witin 10 fet ofthe venice and have I war dar vw Be avare of the hazards of the materials being trancpored, Kou what iodo in emergencies, Be abe to move the vente, F needed, 9.6.4—No eres! ‘You might braak down ara have lo ute stopped ohio aighale Use recive tangles or red Slectie Iphs. Nover uso Burring signal, auch a8 fares or fuses, eround 2 anc used for Cass 3 (Flammable Luis) oF Division 2.1 Sarrmable Gas) whatne’ loaded ot em ‘Vohine loaded wih Dison 1.1, 1.2 oF 1. (lass ‘er 8) Explosives. 9.8.5~ Route Hestrictions Some sates and coumies raqute permis 10 ‘wanspomt hazardous materaty of \asies They ‘ay imi se routes you oan use. Local rules about ‘outa sha pormts change olen. ke yeu Job ae lrver 16 oe cut you Neos pernite cr Tus use Special routes. Make sure you havo al named Dapers 2efoe staring you wore for omer, ask your dspatcher about ute restcions permis. # yeu ee an independent rucker anc are planning anew rou, chock wih sate sgencie where you pen orvel Some focalios pohial varsbortaion of hazardous mateo teugh tunes, over ores, oe aways, Civeck Betore you ear wrenever placarded, avoid hoaviy populates areas, oud, unre’, nerow sees, ano “Toke oer routes, even 7 inconvanert uness there is no ether way. Nover dive a lecarced vehice near open fees ulass you ean sae pase Mathosi soppeg, if vensporing Division +1, 12, oF 1.3 (Class Act 8) explosives, you must hae & vren route plan ‘and folow thal pan. Carer prepare ihe rte Dan in advance aid give 0 ever 8 copy, You Fay plan the roto yocrsel you pik op tho ‘xpisives a a location otver than your smployers ferinos Write out the pian in arvance. Keep 3 copy ot it wih you wile. Vansgortng the ‘exposves. Dever shipments ef exsiasives ony 0 ‘uiwoized persons or lve tem in fcked rooms ‘signed for exposvessioreps A carter must choose the sefes route to vansport Piacarded vaclacive mates, Afr choosing tho ‘oute, the carer must ta the grver about the ‘aeloactve materia, and show he route pion 9.6.8—No Smoking 1 not smoke within 25 feat of a placard cargo tank used for Clase 3 (Tammabie hques) oF Division 2.1 (gases), Aso, do-ot smoke a carry @ Shes cigarette. cigar, ope win 25 fet of ay vercl, whic cones. Class # (Explosives) Case 3 Flammable igus) Gast & Flammable Sots) Claes 5 (Oxazers) 9.6.7 Kofusi with Engine OFF Tu of your engine beer fusing a moter vehicle containing hazatcous ‘mater Somente mht ‘sways be atthe nol, contsting fol fom. 8.6.8 10 B:C Fire Extinguisher ‘The power unt of placards vehicles must nave 2 fre exinguister oath 2 Un wing of 10 B.C ot 9.6.8 ~ Check free ‘Moke sue your thes are property nfs, Check placarded vetices with di res atthe Kart tach tip ana when you park. You must check the tres each tm vou stop The ey azceptaate ay to check ire prssure is 9 wae a fo pressure 209 Do not driv th a te ha leaking o at encept to the naarest sae tace fo fir Nernove ay [SR eeeamor Deve Liens eh eves rer ewrsenimet verhoato tr. ace I eafe stance from your vehice. Dont dave ul ou cores he cause of {he overheating. Remember to Yalow the rics about parking and altering placate vehices ‘They Sprly ever when checking repaing. oF pacing Wes, 9.6.10 ~ Whore fo Keep Shipping Papers land Emorgency Response Informaticn De not sccept 2 azorious materls shipment witout 2 propery prepared shipping. paper A ‘shipping. paper or Pacardous mater must ‘ays be eae) recognize’. Otse peope must be Ste to fn ule aren nese, Cleary sistrguish hazardovs materia shipping Papers from ethers by ‘atbing Wars or kaening thom en tap ofthe stack of sanere When yeu are behind the whee, Keep shipping Dapere win your reach (uh your seat ball ork ‘rv pouch on the ervers doer, They mus be tal seen by someone ening the cab \Whot not behing the wheal. eave siping papers Inne crer's door pouch oon te eves sot, Fmelgency sponse information mus be Kep f Iresame locaton asthe spring per pers fr Dwsion "1, 12013 (Clees A or 8) Explosives A carte must give each citer ransporing Dwision 12,'2, oF 33 (Clee Ac) exlosves 9 e209 of Federal Motar Carver Safety Recultons (eMc8), Part 997. The caries mut ao ge rien insustons on wal todo # delayed oF {an acciders. The writen rst must nt: conlat (ncluting carta agers oF shippers) “The nature ofthe explosives vanspoted ‘Tho precautions te take in eme-gerctee Bich a6 ‘os, acsden,o leaks, Devers must sign 9 reel for hese documents You must be farsi wth, and have bt Your poseesion wie driving, te ‘Shipping papers. Wetton emergency ntuctons Witte route pan ‘Aeooy of FMESR, Pat 397 8.6.11 ~ Equipment for Chlorine ‘A crver transporting clerin in cg tanks must have an apotoved gas mas inthe venice, he drver"moe also have 'an emergency th fer contong leaks in dome cover pat flags onthe ergo tk 8.6.12 Stor Before Railroad Crossings ‘Stop belor 2 rairoad crossing if your veo 's pacorded. Games any amount of chong. as cargo tke, whether loaded or enpty used fo hazardous meter ‘You must stop 18 to 80 fet before te nearest ei. Proceed only when you are sure ne vale is ‘coming. Don! shi goare le eoesing te racks. 9.7 Hazardous Materisls ~ Emergencies 9.7.1 ~ Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) The Depariment of Tranepotaton has 2 guidebook for Tetghis, police, and incusy Workers on how to pretest hemsoles and th puble from hazardous materais ‘The guide's riered by proper shpsing fame end batercovs atsrale” Mention rumba. Emergency personnel look for these tinge 0 the sh ping oper Tas ‘ahy it is viel fat the prose sthpping name, idntfeston nue, lobe ord placards are coret 9.7.2 Accidentelncidents As 2 professions over. your Jobat the sean of fan accident ‘oop peopl euay tam the scare, Lit ine Src of atria, nly # you can safely coro Communicate. the danger of the azerdous materia to emergency resporse personel Prowde emercancy responders wily fe shipping pers and energenoy eeponse iniamaton, Follow his chackist (Check ose that your ving arnar is Ok. Keop shiopirg papers with you Keep people ra 3 ard pain, Worn ats of the danger ‘Send tor elo Flow yeur employer's nettions. [Ree9.7.9~ Fires ‘You might have to cont minor tuck res onthe road. However, unless you have the Wang and foculomont to do so eafay, cont fight Farardove tnalorais res. Deaing wih hazardous mtarile fre reqs specal hing nd protective gear When you alcove a tre, send for hep, You may Le tn fo extinguisher to Koop minor Vock tres from seroating te cargo betes trefighers artve Feel taller doors to see if they afe hot oolore ‘perire Liem. I het, you tay have a cargo fre {ha sreuh 304 open ie doors Opening doo lets an ane may nate be ‘to far up. thot ‘any fees ony Snelde ut firemen are, dang less damage. if your cargo is areacy on te, Ais rot ste to ft the fire. Keep the shipping popers tit yeu to ge lo emerpaney personel ae Soon 3s they rive Warn ober peep of the danger and kes thar ova. Wfyou clscovor a cargo leak, dently the hazardous ‘ate ‘eaking by using shipping papers, ates {F pactage focalon. 00 not loch any Took ‘aleid-meny. people mine terslves oy ‘ocr Hazardots mater De not yt ety the metral or fd the source of lak by sme Tow gases car. destroy your sense of small anc can ise or kl you even f thay dont sme Newer ft arr oremoke atourd @ fas sp 1 axadous rsteriee are sping fom your vehicle, do not’ move Mary more than salty Fequrea. You may move of the oad and aay fiom ces wiete people gather. dong so serves taely. Ory rove your vehicle # you can {do so vine danger io yout or ethers Never continue diving with hezardcus mates Toaking tom your vehicle ord fo find @ phone booth rock son. lp, 0 simiar_reaeon Rememter, te carer paye for the ceanup of contaminated parking li, sOadwaye, and crinage ‘anes The costs ara enormous 8 do leave ¢ ‘ong vat! of conlaminatio, hazardous atari ae sling om yout vehi: Stay thor Send sean ee for ele. When sending tomeane for lp, gle that person A descinlon of the emergency Your exact acai and erection of ave Your nar, the carers name, an tre name of the commurty ly where your tee! located ‘This is oto Someone o remember. is 2 good ‘dea to wnt to wr forthe person you send fa hei. The emergency response tear rust know Rese twos 10 fies you and to tande the temrergeney. They may have te ravel mil to get you. “his informalen wl hap then lo bring the Fight equipeen. te fet te, without having fo 99 bacco Never move you vehie, doing x0 wel eause Contamination “or damage. te “veile, Kecy Siowrwine and sway tom roadside rests, tuck Blops,caes, and businesses. Never ty t repack faking covainers. Uness you have ihe vanng and eauipmert to pat leake satay, dent ty Call your cspatche: superior fer msrocions ‘nd, feeded. emergency personne 9.7.4 Responses ‘0 Specific Harecds lass * (Explosives). f your vehicle has a [reskcown of scidere white carying explosives war ators ofthe danger. Keep bystanders aay Bo not alow smoking or open re near the vente, Whereis fe, warn everyone ofthe danger of emplocen. Remove al explosives before sepeatng veces invaved ina coson Place the explosives st et 200 feat am the voiclee end cece bulenps Staya sate stance anay. Class 2 (Compressed Gases}. comprested gat 's leaking Fam your veicle, warn cher of the anger. Only permit tase invowved in removing the FRazara or wreckage to get lose, You mit nly the enipper compressed gee is valved in any sescent Uniess you are fulng machinery used in rood constucton oF maintenance, do nat Vanole © Eammable compressed cas from one tank te othe: on ay Pub ray Clase 3. (Harwoable Licuids). 1 you are trensooring a fammabe ius and have ‘an accdert oF your vencle brests down, preventbystanders from catering. Warn peosle of the anger. Keep them tom smoking. [Never anspor veaking cargo tank father than ‘nseced 0 reac a ele pce. Get ofthe roodway Ij can do s0 sey Dont vanstertarmmabie Sauk! from one wahio 10 anal en @ pubis readnay except n sn omergercy. Clase 4 (FTammable Solide) and Class 5 (Gcidang satan’). 3 Mammatie s08d of oxidizing material spi, warn eters of the fre hazars. Do rot open ‘smolerng pockages cf Fammabie slds. Rave tem trom tho venice it you can ‘talely 0 t0, Alo, remove. unoroher Backogos wi dsteaee the fre nazar Class 6 (Foleorous Satersts ard Infectious Substances). I your jb to pote yoursel ‘other people, and propery from harm. Remember wat many products cessed es poser are also femmabe. you ink Dvisn 23 (Poison Gases) oF Dvsion 61 (Poison Meters) moh be arrmabe, ke te added precautions needed for Aammabeluide or gases De rot aan stroking open fame, or welding, Warn store of he hazards tea, of nrg vapors, or coming in earact with ‘nepeison A vehicle involve in leak of Dssion 23 (Poison Cases) or Dvsion $1 Polson) must be checked for tray poten befor Being used again. a Division 6.2 (teetous Substances) package ‘damaged in handing or waneporation, you shoud lmvedately conse! your superar Packages tat appear to be damaged of show signe. ot leakage stout na be ant Class 7 (Radioactive iateral). If radioactive ‘material is "involves ty leak or broken pockac, tei your dispatcher of susenisor sn soon 6s possible. thore lea sal Ian. horn onainer migw ‘be samaged, co nat touch er Inhale te mati. De not use the vel unt eaned and ebocked ea survey mete. Class 8 (Corrosive Uateal).f corosvee sit (or Teak dsing transportation, be caret to avai fer demage or inky "when ‘handing the Conininers. Pets of the vehicle exposed tos aroave iquld must be thoroughly washed with Wate: Aor unaading, was oo the ‘nerior ae oon as possible befor loading {¥ contnuing o transport leaking tank woud De Unsafe goof the foi. if safe 0 do 80" contain any. tetid Teaking tom the vehi Keep bystanders away fr the Equa ond ts fares, DO everthing posse to areventisy te youre anteater, 8.7.8 — Required Notification The Natonal Response Canter helps coordinate temergorey response to chemea nazards, Is 2 ‘esoutee {othe pols and Wetghtors f mantans {8 24-hour false tne. You or yer employe: must Drove when any ofthe folowing scar ee a det Feeul ot nazatcous materia incor ‘Aperson eked ‘jure perso requires nospetzation, Eeuinated property demage excess $80,000 The gonetel pubes eaevatod fe more tha one bow Ore or mote major tensporaion erterie ot facies ere closed for one hour or more. Fre, breakage, silage, or suspected radioacive oniaminaton Secure, Fre," "breakage, selloge 2° suspected conlamnation occur invelvng shit of etdoge gents (Datars or tans), 2stustion exists of such 2 nate fo, contig anger 10 Ife exists at be scene of ay cient) ‘hatin be Judgment of the caer. sioue be rept ational Reeponse Canter (0) 424-8807 Persors teleshoring the Natena’ Response Condor shovid be reat to give Ther name, Name and ross of tho cari they work fo. Prone number wae thay ean be reschad Data, tm, and wocation of neon The extn’ of nutes, # any Classifeation, nar ant quantity of harardous matralsinusived, such frmaten fs avalade. ‘ype ot incdort and nate hazardous mates Involvement ad what © contming eange to IF a reportable quantty of hazardous substance \wasinvaved the caller shoud ge the nants of he shipper ard the quaniy of he hazardous substance discharged Be prepared to. go your employe the recued information 2s wel. Comers must nake dessied ‘writen ports vith 30 days ofan vedo,Conmercel ers ones Ma! ‘CHEMYREC [7 Taare Class Detinitions — (eo) 2eehe0 cae Engi The Chen Tapsoraton Ereoency Centr er (Ghestinee) nincwgin sectors aise Soa, ‘Stfon ether see wee cs qos Pow Sooty pence wi ewes Hofrtcn Fn Sees yee fone nema [ i trainee Noto Ress, Crt on a CHEMTREC are in close communication. if you s Starrimablo tat ane oa ev wih Pe oi Soa Oo soe sve te nce . (Se chen Fee Ramon asding Sepraon © Jonizes | At rtonen Son wae 1 Pesticides, E | eruae asrmee w reer 10] & ¢ [ree Tae | MES RANE ES a 3 Be [7 [Fadoocie [usu] 1 si eect oz [a4 [48 | ei2| ow] SEP 7 heii Battery Acie ss |e /ear?| BEE Teeanear ce ol onien ; shh ‘asta Asbestos SR er a fefep none [Rosine [oe spayor 4 cea | eae of [e pe |_| Borety oe aw | See Reso ae me | Gigi Fis | a maa =f [= Suimections 91 and 8.7 as Test Your knowiedge Do not leave rasnactiv yellow ~ tor yoow ~ labeied packages ner Deople, anil, oF ey longer hanson in Figure 916 Classes of hazardous Mateviats Hazardous materials are cetogoizod into nine maja hazee lasses ard editonal categories fo" Consumer commodtas ara combustible tqude ‘ho claseor of hazardous materia af listed In Figure 8:12, 1. tour placards waler has dl tee, how ‘ten should you chock tne tee? 2 What ate haven? 3 How dose to the tavelet oar of the ‘oacway can you park win Diaion 1.2 13 materials (Expose 8)? 4. Ho ose ean you park to @ tridpe ‘urn: Buing wih the same load? 6 What ‘ype. of he oxtnguaher st placarded vtole esciy? 6. Youte hauling “00 pounds of Dison 4.3 (angorous wnen wet) mater D9 you need 10 slop before @alroad-nghway Comsing? 7. to-ee aca you dscove you hazardous raters shipmests, Sow leaking tom {ho vende. thew = no phore stoune ‘What shod you do? [Fag aa a8 Whats the Emergency Response Guise (ERC)? These questions may be on your tes. you cant angwor thom ai reasd subsection 88 2nd 97 lals Glossary 9.8 ~ Hazardous Maier This glossary pesents detntons of certain tors used in te hecion. A complete gosta a terme ‘can be foun the feral Hazarcous Mctrile Rites (0 CFR 17-8). You shoulé have an upto. ale copy of the noe for you raerenca, (ote: You wit not be tote ont glossary) Sec. 171.8 Defrsions and abbreviations ‘sulk packaging ~ Packaging, cer than 2 vessel ora berye,induding a tanaporvehss a feght ‘Container. in wich haradove matrleare osced ‘win no ltermedate form of containment nd vin ha + -Amasieum capacty rater tan 450 (110 (alos) a 8 eepiace fo: Bqut 2, Remanimer net mass greater than 400 kg (682 pouncs) ora macmum oapsety greater thon S50 U(1°9 golons) ae» reeapiade for @ ‘olor 3% water capacity rater than 456 kg (1000 pounds) 35 rcoptacle ‘or gos a2 defined frsee- 175.5 Cargo tank Abuk packaging whch 4. stank ntondod primary forthe cerage of quis or gases and incu appuronances, foneorcoments, tings, and closures. (1: Mane 2c0 40 CFR 178.245 1, 978, 357- 178.336-, 28 applicable} 2, ts pennanenty atiached to or fore 2 pat of 2 "motor vehicle, of ie not parmarenty uached 10.2 motor venice bu whieh. By feason oft sas, constucion, or allachment ‘ova molor voncle fe ‘osded or unloaded iho beng removed fromthe mol ohio: and 3.15 not ‘Bbfoaled under spocteation for eyincers, porabie tanks, tank cars, oF Polen tank cr fans, Ccarier~ A porson engaged inthe vanspertion of passengers or property by 5. Land or water 2s 2 common, conse, private caries oF 2 Cwatt. Consignice - she bueines er person to whem a shpmentis cetveres, Division ~A subdivision ofa hazard age EPA.-ULS, Envtonmenta Protection Ageny. FRICSR ~The Federal Motor Carrer Salty Regulations. reight container ~ 2 reusable container having & volume of 64 cube Teal or more, designed ane Consnicted to permit being if with ts torts int. ana tances prmany for containment of pekages (oun form curing ¥anspariton Fal tank ~ A tank, ner than a cargo tank, used {o tansgor lammable or combustible ido ‘compressed gas forte purpose of supplying fut fer propleon of he kenanar venice o which is stacteo, ofr the opeaton of ober equpment nthe anspor venie. Cross weight or gross mass - The weight of the packegng pus the welg of hs contents Hazard cless ~ Tho category of haze assned to a hazardous mater! under the dein ‘leis of Pat 473 and the provisions ofthe See S72:101 Table. A material ray moet the caning tora for mere than one nazaré las. but Is ‘stsgned oon oe hazard class. Hazardous materials ~ A substance or mater hich res. been determinee by the Secretary of Transporation. tobe capsbe of posing. an Unresconesie rik to heath, safely, ah oper when vanspocte in commeren, and which a boon so designates. The term includes haacous substences, Ravardous wastes, marine poluianis @evated lomperaire mates and ‘mater Gesigoted as hazardous io the hazardous Iratorais fable of §172101, and: maleate tat Feet the dang errs for nazar classes snd ‘hvsions In §173, subenapor cof i chapter. Hazardous subotance ~ A rater, neulng ts ‘ntres snd sauton, that 1. Ie tetedin Append Ato Sos. 17208 2. Teinaquaniy mone pockags, whieh scuals fo exceots the rperaola cusntly (Ra) [tod in Append Ato Sec, 1720: and 3. When a mitize or ection — (0) For radoneldeecontoms to peresrop= Tot Anpenate Ato See. 272.104Conran vers iene Mana 1) For oiter than rasionvcides, Ie in a ‘concanraton by "eig walen equals oF ‘xcoots tho concentrator eomespording fo the RO of the matera, 29 shown Figure 90.12, Tazardous Subsianec Concenatore Fa Pounds | Coeetteton by Wen (ogiams. [Paar PRE 500 w TOS (2.270) [000 a5) [2 Tao 00 45.4) [2 2.06 soias4) [02 200 isa) [007 20 Figure This detction does not apply to stroleum products tt ee lubiants or Wale (e00 40 CFR Feo, Hazardous waste — For the puposes of tis chaple, means any metaral has subject the Hazardous Waste Mantes Recuremens of he US. Sruermenal Protecton Agency spect OCF Par 262, Invermediate bulk coniainer (EC) — A rg ox texte potable packager than a cyngor oF portabie tank, witch designed for mectania! Fanding, Standards for [BGs manufaczed Inthe United States are set forth im subparts Nard © 578, Limited quantity = "the masimum amount of @ hazardous mater for which thre may be specie labeling er packaging excepten, arking ~ The descipive name, ideniicaion omer, itucions, caulons, weight peoticaton, or UN marks o cembinatons thao requred by tha scbohaptar oy over packaging of hazardous materos, ‘ixsure —A matril composed of moss than one ‘chemical compourd or element. Name of contests — The prope sipping name as pectiod n See. 172.10" Non belk packaging - packaging, which has 2 Armaimura capecty of 450 (118 gatons) 2s arocentade for 2 aus, ‘2 Reisaemim retrace Tose than 400 kg (882 pounds) anc's maximum capaciy of 480 | ‘azedoue wel (19 gallons) or tess as @ roceptale for 2 Scie or 3. Avtar cepscty grestar shan 454 hg (1,000 bounds) or less a8 a recopacie for 3 ga8 38 ‘Seinen Seo *73.418 HOS, Not oherwee spaces Outage or utlage - The amount by whic 9 pockaging ‘ale short of bing Haut 1, Ussaly fxprsee n percert by velume. rable tanc~ Buk packaging (except e cylin having war capac of 7,000 pounds oF less), Sesignee primary to Be loaded fate, or on. of temposiy atsched to a ransport wehice or ep nd eculpped. with" skes,mounings, ‘osaccoras 1 feist handing ‘of the Yank by fecanieal ears. it dove nol Ineude z cage r,t car. mu-une fark ca tn, or wal caring 3AX, SAX, or ST evencors, ‘roper shipping name ~ The name of ine hazardous materals shown in Roman print (Mo tales) See. 172101 Ps. or pe! ~ Pounds per square ic Pais e pein Sounds por square iach absolute, Reportabie quanity (RQ) ~The quanty spaced In-Golumn 2 f te Append to Soe 172 101 fo any mata! ended In Column 1 of the opent RSPA ~ The Research and Spacil Programs Adminstration, US. Department of Transport, Wasturgton, DC 20500 ‘Shippers centitcation ~ A sislomest on 2 shppng paper. signed by De" shpper. saying holshe prpared the shipment propery eccording ‘ole. Forexamae “nis is te ety thal the adove nares maiels sr propery cease, dete, paape, fated ane beac” ane ae a Proper cose ft {angeorstonacceing toe appcanerauatone oF {he De artnentTranpotaten Or “They dedare a tbe cotris ofthe anime a ly ana soot) sete ove by ‘Beare shipping nano and 8 tneind, nse-gcd Ish erd bolder, en oa ope n PPorerencton ter tango! by" seca. to Potkeave “itamatonel eC aloe” oreo ‘ovens’ rode. may bo sored hoe 1 hte eae of Tastpott sera nlor vec ors‘Shipp'ng oxper ~ A shipping order il of edna, mmanfest or otwer shipping coaument seving 3 Simian purpose and containing the. rfornatior teguved by See 172202, 172.208, nd 72204 ‘Technical name A recognized chomicsi name o” merobioogies! name curenly ised io sett, Sed toca! handeoks, Jounal, and ‘es ‘Transport vehicle~A cago-caryng vehicle such a5 en aulomeble, van, Factor, fuck, someolee, tare car, oral car Uno forthe Wansporation of ‘cargo by any made. Each carg-carying body (ater, fai Ger, eto) Is 9 separate Vareport UNL standeré packaging — A. specfeaton peckaging conform to the standeres nthe UN ‘esommendsons. LUN = Uned Nations Tasos Taras PateCommercial rvs nse Section 10 SCHOOL BUSES This Section Covers Danger Zones and Use of Mirrors Loading and Unloading Emergency Exit and Evacuation Rallroad-highway Grade Crossings Student Management Antilock Braiing Systems ‘Special Safety Considerations Bocase stale snd local laws and regulaons ‘equate eo. much of scrod transportation on ‘School bus operation, many ofthe procedures In {hi seoton may afer fom state to state. YOU should be treroughly flr with the laws and regulations in your sate and loeal schoo! ett 410.1 ~ Danger Zones and Use of Mirrors 10.1.4 - Danger Zones “The anger zone ise area on al sides ofthe bus ere chron are in th most danger of being it ‘ther by arether vehila or thrown Bus. The Sanger zones may extend ae mich ae 0 foe fom the tent bumper with the fet 10 fest being te ‘ost dangerous, 10 feet fom the let and right ‘Ses of the bus and 10 feet behind the rear ‘bumper ofthe schoo! bus, In edt, the area fo ‘ha let ofthe bus is abwaye considered dangarous bocaute of paasing cars Figure 10.1 Ihverates ‘hve danger zones. 10.1.2 Correct Mirror Adjustment Proper adhstment and use of all mires is vis! to the safo operation of the school bus in order to observ the danger zone around fe bus an tok {or studens raf, and ober cbjecs In tis area. ‘You should always check each. miror before ‘porating the chook bus. to ebialn” maxim owing) aoa. if necessary, have tho. mirore adjusted, ‘THE DANGER ZONES re tone Figure a7 10.4.3 ~ Outside Left ane Right Sido Fat Mirrors ‘Thooe mirore are mounted atthe let and right ‘Font comers of the us a he sido of ont of he Windshield. They aro used te moniter wa, shock ‘earances and stidenis on the soe and tothe {oar of fo bus. There @ Und spot inmodiatsy below and in fot of each miror and ecly tk ote rear bun. The bind spo beng the bus extends 8016 150 Tool an could exend Up fo 400 fet depending on the leith and wien of te bus Ensure thatthe miors are propery adusied 60 you can soe: 200 foto 4 bus lant behind the bus, ‘Along the see ofthe bos. “The rar tes tute We gro Figure 40.2 shows how bath the out let and "igh side fat mirre shou bs adlsted raeFigure 107 10.1.4 ~ Outside Left and Right Side Convex Mirrors “The convex mirre are locates below the outside fiat mirore. They ae used to ani the lft and ‘ight side at 2 wide angle. Thay prowde a vew of traf, leararoee, and studers the sie of the bus. These mires presenta vow of peopia and ‘bjecs that oes nat accuratly refed tel size ‘an ditance from he bos. You should postion these miro’ to wes: “Tho entre se ofthe bus upto he miror meus Front oft rea ros touching te gud, ‘Alleast one Waficlane on elie sae fhe bus Figure 10.3 shows how both the outsge let and "ht side convex mirors shoulsbe adjusted, 10.1.5 Outside Lett and Right Side Crossover Mirore ‘These mors aro mounted on Both eft and right front comers ofthe bus. Toy ae used ose the ‘ont bumper "danger zone" ate del inn ot the bus that isnot visbi by erect vile, and © view the "danger 2008 area to tt let sie and Figure Tos oh de ofthe bus, including the service door and front wheel area. The miror presents 2 view of people and objects hat dows not socurateyrefet ‘ht size and distance rom the bus. The ver ‘must ensure tat these mimore sre oper aust, Eniue tat the minors are propery adjusted so you can Soe: ‘The ortre era in font ofthe bus fom the front ‘bumper st ground love to a point where dect vision fs posse. Drect vision and mirer vow sion should averian, “Tho right and if ont tees touching the groun, ‘Tne aoa fom the trot of the bus to the service oor ‘These mérors, along wth the convex and fat iors, shoud be vewod na oie! sequenes Io fensure that a chid or obec snot a any of the ‘danger zones. Figure 104 iustatos how the loft and ight side ‘crossover mirors shoud be aust,Comma vr can Manat LEFT AND RIGHT SIDE CROSSOVER i!RRORS essover tro i 10.1.8 - Overhead Inside Rearview iirror [crossover niror ‘Tris. minor is mounted drecty above. the Uraehiels on the drivers isa area ofthe bub ‘This miror ls used t montor paavonger actly Inside the. bus. Mt may preva led. veda ‘recy In back of the bus F the bis le equpped ‘ith a glass-botmed rear emrgeny door, There Ie ablnd spot ara dest bonna re civ’ coat 35 wall a6 alge bing spot area thal bogin al the ‘ear bumper and cou extend up 1 400 foot oF ‘more behind the bus. You mast ute te exterior se miors to monitor tae that approachas and ‘ote thie area ‘You shoud poston he miro to see: “The top of th rear window in the top ofthe miro A of the students, ncludng the heade’ of the ‘students right behind you 10.2 — Loading and Unioading More students ae fled while geting on or of school bus each year than avo ‘led. os Passengers inside of'@ schoo! bus, Ae a result, rowing: what. to do betore, cura, and fer loading or unloading stusenls Ie res. ‘This sexton wal give you spociic procedures to help Yyou avold neato condtions which coud rut Ihunes and ftalies cur ana as loading and Lnloscing scents ‘The information in thie section fe intended to provide broad overview, fut sn a deftve vet fads, is imperative that you learn an bey the stale laws anc regulations governing leacinglunieading operations n your state. 10.21 Approaching the Stop Each school alec establishes ofl rouoe and fell achool bus stops. All slope should be ‘Spproved by the schoo ert prox to maxing the Stop. You should never change the focabon of 3 bus sop “without writen approval from Ihe appropiate school tet oa You must use exttme caution whan approaching 12 school bus slop. You are i 2 very demanding ‘huaton when ening these areas cia, ‘hat you understand aa fellow a state sd cea laws” and vopulaons regarding epproaching.& hoa us sop. Ts woul invlve be proper Use f merore, atecrating Mashing lighs, and. when ‘eaulpped, the moveable stop Sgral “arm and {rossi cont arm. Won speresching the sop, you shoul: ‘Approach cautiously at 2 sow rate of sped, ook for pocoetine, tafe or other objects fore, dur and afc coming oa sto, ‘Continuously chock al minor, Ifthe schoo! bus. is 80” equipped, activate stemating flashing ember warning lights. at least 200 foot or approxinatly$-10 seconds before the School bus soo orn accordance wih slate i ‘Tum on right tur signal indator about 00-300 feet er appronimately 35 seconde before pullng Continsouly check minors to moniter the danger ‘zones for siden, vac, and oer object. ‘owe as far as posse he right onthe raveled orton ofthe roaoney. Bing’ school bus 1D a ful stop wih the ‘font bumper atleast 10 foot away fom Studer a the ocigratd stop. Th forese the students fo walk fo te bus 80 you have a beter view of thar Place vansnission in Park or ¥ thar fe no Park ‘hit point Neural ard lth paring bake st ‘ac sop (Open soric door, #possbie, enough to activate attemating ed tights when trac ha ste Stance from the seed Bus Make a fal check to see tht all trafic. hat stanped telore completly opening lonaing student to approach, a oeSomme ver cee Mens! 102.2-Losding Procedures Perfoon 2 safe sop a8 deterbed in subsecton f024 ‘Sludonts should waitin = designated oeation for the schea bus, toeng the bus 8 Uappeseches ‘Students sould boerd te be ony men sigelad bythe erver Montor aires contnunusy Count ihe rurter of students atthe bus stop an ‘be sure at board the bus. I possi, Know na Gf shuderis at each stop. Ir there is 9 atdent e Fave the acon boats the sohool bus slow, singe fle, and use tho hararal. The dome “ght shoul te on whl oadng inthe ark, Wait unt staderts ae seatee nd facing forward before meg the bs. Cheek ail merare. Mske coin no one is ninning to catch i bon |B you canscl account for» student ould, sacure the bus, ake the key, and chace eround and Undemeath te bu. ‘men afl studeris rv accounted for prepere to leave by. Ging he dor. Engoaig he tansmiason Rotang the parking brake Turing at stealing fishing red i “Tuig on if tr slgna Checking al mirors apan. ‘Alosng congested Vai io Csperse. When tis sae, move the bus to enter tai Now fd conn the rut, The boing procedure ' eeseniaty the same wheraver you Toad steers, bu thote ae sight ferences’ Wes students are loading st fe ‘schoo carpus, you shoul Turn of teigntion swt Remove ke fervng drive’ compertnent Postion yewso 0 supers Iocan a5 equted ‘oc recommend by your sat or lcal regulations, 10.2.3 - Usloueing Procedures on the Route esteem ose stop at dercnated unlossing ares fr dose bam eubeactios 10.2" eve the stdents romain sesieo wt 0 to ext. Chock ak mer, Count the rumber of students wnie unloading to confi the locaton ofa lasants before aing Svay rom te stop. TT “Toll students to ot the ous ond waik a east 10 feet away trom the ste of tie aus 10 2 poston \ahere te diver cn pany sae al students (Chock all mers aga fake sure no tcents re round ofeturng tothe 3, TF you cannot eeccuntfor'8 stdent ous the tus, secure the bus, and check sround. and {Enders tha bus ‘on al stiseni are accounted fo, leave Cong re doo. Reeanrg paring brake “Taming at tema ng ashing red igh Toming ore tin sal hosing rors gam ‘Along congested Wai to disperse, \whhon ie ssf, move tho bus, entre tai fw sr.eoninos the out Nota. If you have missed! a students uriossing Stop, donot back up. Be ste to follow loca! procedures. ‘tional Procedures for Studeris "at tu {Cross tre oacway. You soul understan wha students should da when exiting school bis and tossing tho weet in rant ofthe bus. In ation, the ches! bos ares shesid understand. tha Studens right nol aways do whet Oy Supposed fo Wo. student or students mst oo8s ‘ha roadway, they shoe folow hese procedkros Walk sppeximatly 10 feat away fom the side ‘he schoa bus fo 8 positon where you can 20 them Wak a 6 locaton a eas 10 ‘eat n front of the fight comer of Ue bumger, bu sil remaining amay ‘tom the fon othe een bus. Stop atthe rh ao ef he readway. You shocid boabie iosee ie sudnts ee. hon siudonts reach the edge ofthe cacy, thoy shou Stop and look # lt directions, meking suve the raadhay is doa 0's se Check fo tee € be red fahing lis onthe bus ‘esti fornng ‘Wai fr your tna! beter eossng the rad. Upon yur gna, tre stucerts soul ‘ross ar encugh In rot ofthe wesw bus tobe in your wow.nmr evr ica Mans Slop at te let ge ofthe schoo bus, stop, and look egan for yor s:gnl fo cortnue 16 ose roaany ook or wate in both drectons, aking sure roaduay = caer Procaed across ho eactvay, canting t ook ie ‘alrectons. Note: ‘Te school bus cer should enferce any ‘ale or ‘coal reguelons or reconmendatons ‘once ring student actions ouside he school Bus. £0.2.4~Unloading Preceduras at Schoo! Stole and focal faws ord regutons regarding Uunoading. stodents ot schon, parteuary Suatione wiere such actives teke place inthe School parking ll or eer loca tha off he traveled roatwey, ere ofr erent tran tnleang along ine shoo bus route. Iie Important atthe schoo! bus eve understands 2nd boys stale and local laws and 7aguatione ‘The folowing procedure are meant Yo be general ult When unasng at the schoo! you shoul ftw those proacures: Perform a ste slop at designates unloading areas (98 deccrbed mn subcecton 10.24 Secure tbus by 1» Turning of the igntton such » Remorg key lemwng ives ‘compere, Have he students remain seated unt tl o ext Pesiten joursa to supeiee.urosding as required oF eosmmended by your tate ar local regulations Have siden ext in order fashion Observe sents as they sop fom ous io see tt "ave pampay away tom ie nlosang ea Wate trovgs the bus. and check tor hidagisleesing tudens ane ems let by students Chock at ites. Mace certan ro stucents are ‘turing othe bus IF you eae secount for a student cutie the bus andthe lus i secu, check sound. ard Under he bs, ‘hen a stiderte ate coodunted for, propare to save by: Cosi the door Fastening safety bot © stare eng. Engaging he tanemisson. Reseeeng the paring broke {> Teaming off sternatng ashing re hats 2 Teening on ef trn sna checking al miors apa © Atowing congested ato desea, “when ti ste, pull away ‘rom the unloeding ere. 10.2.5~ Special Dangers of Leading anci Unlosaing Bronped or Forgonen Chjacs, Aways fous or students as they apprasen the bus and ates for any who dasppes: rom sight ‘Students may op an objct near the bus dung ‘ating and untoadre Stoping to pick Up te tector eturieg o pick un ho alec may eaure tho suicent to appear som the ures sgh ats vary dangerous moment Suutents should be toil to leave any dropped object and move to » point of safety out of re ‘anger zones and. stern to get the vers ‘enon fe ratiove the objec. andraii Hang-sps. Student have been iriuced or led wen otha, accessories, © even pers thot body get caught nthe harial or doe” 2 they exitod the bus, You shows coslyooserve a sucerts extn the bue to contr thal toy oe 2 Safe location pr to moving the bus 10.2.6 Post-trp Inspection Whan your route ar sol avy tp is fish, you should conduct ® postip inspection at the fas You snow waik trough tne bus and araune che bus looking fre towing: Arcs eft on tw bus ‘Seeping students (Open windows ane doors Mechaniclicosrational problems wit) te bus, with speci tionton tt tat are ungue to hoa! buses = mirer sysiens, Eating wamcg amps ‘2nd sop sil ame Bamegeo:vandater: ‘Any problems © special stusons shouke_ be red ines To yor superior = schoo! 40.2 ~ Emereney Exit and Fvacuation ‘An emergency sluston can happen to anyone, aryl, anyenere. caus be 9 cach, @ sto led pe SeesCommer Ore Liars ual school bus on a raltosd-Nghway oossing of 3 Figi-speed ‘nirsecion. an electial fem ihe engine compartment & medea emergency to 2 ‘Sturt n the seo! bu, ete. Knowing wna todo In an emergency-beforecurng. and. ater an fevecuaton-ca meen tho erence Denween ie ‘and death 10.3.4 ~ Fianning for Eimorgoncies Determine Neel to Evacuate Bus. Th fst an most” important conederaton efor” you to divers should contact thelr dispatcher to explain te stuaton btoremaking 2 decsion to evacuate ‘he senea us. As a genera’ rule, student safety and conto ost mantainos 0y keeping students on the bus Gung. 2nemergeney andor impending erie uation, I $9 going éoes ret expose thom 10 Unnecessary risk or imery. Remember the ‘eeision to evacuato‘ne bes must be’ aly one A cecision 1 evacuate should incite ‘onsiecation ofthe faowing condone Ie tore afro or danger of fro? {sine a smo ofa or leaking at? Is there 2 cha the bus could Be ni by eter veslos? 16 the bus inthe ptt ofa sighted tanado o sng ‘ie ere downed power nes? ‘ovis renewing eucents expose them to Speeding otf severe weather ora dangerous ‘ronment such aa downed paver Ines? Viould moveg store complcte nurs auch 2s nook ané back Injures and Pactres? 's thee a hazardous spl involves? Sometinas, t ‘ay be safer foreman onthe bus and net coe omct wis the mara Horaston’ Evacustion, ‘evacuate the bus wher The diver must ‘The busi on fe or there estes of we, “The bus ls slated ov & adjacent £0 2 rlloed ghey rosing The postion af fie bus may change and increase the congo ‘Thee @ an imminrtéanger ef clio, ‘There is @ need to queky evacuate because of a hacardoca matrise el 10.2.2 - Bvacuation Procedures fe Precared sne Plan ahasd. When posse ign to response, older slidont acetate lo “Ses 0 Soa Bcnee e2ch emergency ext. Teach them how te assis the other sudents off tbe but Aesign anothe sor assistant Yo Teac’ the siderts to # safe piace" ater evacuation. However, you must ‘ecogize tht there may net be ade, responsble sade onthe ous at the Um cf the emarpency ‘Theretore, emergency evacuation procedures mit be eaplainad oa students. This nudes krowog how t9 operate be varus eme'gerey exis and {he imperiance of istening 1th “lowing a inéruconsghven by you Some tie to dotarmin «ante pine: ‘A sae place wi be tse 100 tet ofthe rad in the érecton of oncoming wate This uit kesp be studenis for belnghilby drs F anoha vee ides wit tbe bu, Lead suonts up ind ofthe bus free present {ad students afar avy fom retoad tacks 25 possible and inthe erection of any onceming an toad stents upwind oft Bus east 900 eet there is asx om spied hazardous mati, Ire bus isn he dec pah of sight tornado land evacuation Ie ordered esca student io 5 Nearby cite or caver setae nw bling ot ‘eadly avaizbi, aa diect them le face down, hhands covering hae head. Thay apod be fot ‘enough away so the bus cannot opp on them ‘Avoid reas that ave abject ta tash Roots Genera Procedures. DetemineWeracusicn sn the best iret of slay Determine the best ype of evacueton: oeCommi rr ime Maat > Fron, rear oF side coor evacuation, o some combination of sors. 1» Roof or window evacuaton, ‘Secure the bub: Placing warsmisston in Park, or thee is no ht pt Netra ‘Sating parking brakes ‘Shutting off te eng. Removing lgniton key. ‘cbvsing Mazer watring its, I ime slows, noly dispatch ofce of evacuation lecaton, condos, end pe of sasstance seco Dangle 'racto microphone or telephone out of drivers window folate use, eperaie. Ine rad, 0: Tadeo. s inoperable, ispetch = pasting motorist or area readant to call for help. A a last reso, dispatch two older, responsile lent to go for hale. Ordor the evocation. Evacuate students om the bus > Do.nct move start you Baie may have Suffered a neck or spina nr Unions is hove in mediate danger > Special procedures must be used to move nook splalinury wets to prevent Rithor ‘nur. Doct 2 student assistant to lead students tothe nearest ate pace ‘Wal trough the bus © ensure no students remain ‘on the bus. Retiove emergency equipment ‘aim wating sisens. Aecout for al ohderts and ‘hack for thir softy Protect the scone. Set out emergency waning devices as necessary and appropriate. ropare formation for emergency rer ponders. 10.4 - Railroad-highway Crossings 10.4.1 ~ Types of Crossings Passive Crossings. This type of cosaing doce nol have any type of tafe conta coven. You must stop at theee crossings and folow prep Procedures. However, the dedkion 10 proceed Fests onirly in you" hands. Pasoke cfosengs Fogo you to recognize the eossing, serch for ‘any ain using the acks and docas # thre Sulilent Geer space to rose safely. Passive Crossings have yolow circular advance warning 91s, pavement markings end. cossbucks. 10 sels youn recognizing a crossing, ‘Active Crossings. This type of econsing has 2 trate contol device instalec st the crossing 10 regulate varie al the cresting. These acive Choose an escape rout in the event of & brake fature er prabions behind yu, Aie Crossin: 1 Stop no clesr than 15 tat and ne father ‘han 60 foc Hom ne nearest ral wets you have the Bet view ofthe racks. 1+ Place the wanamision fn Pak, or tee fs ro Pare shit pai, Net an press cow fon the sorvee brake or set tho. paring brakes > Tu off a caoe and ncey equipment, and silence the passengers. > Open the service don! and drver's winow Lk ane iste or an mpproacing Vn Grossing te Track: > Chock the crossing egnais agsin before procending. > hia mulioletack crossing, stop calytefore ‘he Ws! sot of racks. Won you are aure ne tala spproaching on any Yack, proveed ‘cass. all of the. acke Uns you ave omsietely cleared hem = Gross the vaexs 93 1ow gear. D0 not change fears nis erosang, the gate comes down ster you hove stared ‘eros, dive tough R even # R means You ‘wilereak the gate. 10.44 ~ Special Situations Cus Stalis or Trappec on racks. your ius Stalls or lapped on Le tacks, got everyone out and off ho vacks inredately. ove everyone ar “fom the bus at an angi, wh ls both aay rom the wacks and toward the ain Police Ofcer Sotthe parting bake Tum afte retor and ake the keys with you. Wako tha roar of the tue 1 delernre watber the way is dlaar, IF you must backup a a stent pic-tp alt, be sufe fo ick up sudents bere basing ad ates forte comers at al tmee Bo sure tat a luda are in tho bus before backing W you must backup ata student drop-off poh be sure to unload stidants ter backing 107.4~ Tall suing A schoo! bs can have upto a treo foot ta sue. ‘You need to check your mero before an duro any tuning movemes 1a monitor het swing. Se Section <0 Test Your Knowleage +. Defi the danger zone. How far des the ‘tanger 2one extn aun te but? 2 Wht shave you beable to soe ¥ the Qulside fat manors are acsted progedy? The outside. convex mirars? The 3 You are losing students slong the route When shoud you acvate your alereting ashing amber waming lights? 4 You are unaading stisents slong your route, Whore shoul sents walk afer ‘ating Nabe? 5 er unloading at schoo, why should you ‘ak trough te bus? 6. What postion should stugents be in font the bus betor they cross the roscway? 7. Under what conaters must you avanuste the bus? 8. How’far ton the noaract rat snoutd you Stoo ate highwayalerosing? 8. What 2 passive highway-al crossing? nw should you be ena Caulous at tne ype ct erossing? 10, How should you use your brakes # your excl is ecuppsc wit antiose Sakes (aes) These auesiors may 82 en your est. you cant engwer thom alread Secon 0 ——___—__ oeSection 14 Pre-trip Vehicle Inspection Test Tals Section Covers: © Internal iragection Fxtacnat inspection ‘uring the prop nepectios, you rust show that the vercle seal drive. You may ave To wate freund he veil ans poi! loo ouch each am and explain fo the ecaminer what you ae checking Sand wy. You ah WOT "awe fo srw! under Ine Fon onder he venice, VA AltVohicies ‘Study the flowing vehicle pars for the ype of vohile you wil be sing dirng the. COL aide tests. You shouldbe abla to iden each part and tal the examiner v'at you are looking 1 OF inspecting, 11.1.4 Engine Compartnsent (Engine Of) Lesieltionse Lok or pests on he grou. ‘Look or Grbping ies on ances of engine and Inepect noses fr cortion ad taks. Indicate where dps acted ‘S00 that of lov! is thin sete operating range. [el must be above eft mar Coolant Lave! Inspect rece sigh lass, oF (iF engine ls et =e), remove radiator cap and ‘heck ter vse coolant evo Power Sieering uh Irdleate hers power string fue) cnlck 6 locates Check for adequste power steering fuid tevel Love! must be above if mar. Engine Comparcnert Sets Check tne fotowing bets fr snugness (upto 34 ireh playa conte 0 bel), esrke or tay > Power stering bl, > Wiator pump bel © Atermaior vo > Aireompressor bal Note: it any ofthe cormponents Eset! above are all tho examine which components) are not bet Make sure componenl(s) are oparaing prope ‘are not demagod o° leaking, or2 are mocsied seu, Sate Str: Depress ch Place gearshift over io neue (or pak, “or ‘oma tenamiseions). Stat engine then release uch vy, 11.1.2~ Cab ChecilEngine Stari i Freseure Gauge Make sur al pressure gages werkng (Check that pressure gauge shove icressing oxma ol pressure or that the vring ght go of I equppod, ol temperature gauge shoud begin 2 ‘raise othe normal optetng range ‘couse Mae sure the ternperature gauge working Temperature should begin to cmb to the norms ‘operating range or emperalure ight shoud be ot. ‘Air Souge “Make sure hea gauge is warkng ropey Bul ar pressure to goveror eu, roughly 120 ‘40 pet AmmeterVotinet Chock thst gauges show atenator ancl {generator exarang er tha ering ah soCommerc ra’ Line aus) Mirror ane Wlasbiess Mirae shout be clean and alused prepety rom tbe nace, Windeol shoud be clean with no iogal sks, no obetructon, or riage tothe lose vergercy Eauiorent CCheektor sper seca uses, ‘Choco: free od selective tianstes Cec for'3. propery charged snd rated fre ontngusher Note: (the voice ot enilpped wen eleewen! ‘uses, ys ust mento: he othe examiner Stoccng Prey Noo-pewar storing: Check fr acassive say by ‘umiog steering wheel back and town Pay shoud ot exceed 10 degrees (or about two Inches on 3 2a. he). ower teoing: With the engine rearing, check for excessive play by turning the seeing wine! back ‘nc forh. Play should net exc 70 degrees or ‘bout two inches on a 20-nch whe) Before feat lettwneal borey moves Wiperateshecs Check tat wiper ams and Hades ae secure, not ameged, anc operate sooty IW ceuipped, windsele washers must operate correct onting inceators “ect that dash inate work when corresponding ght ae tnd os Let tum signal 2 Richt signa 5 eteway emergency ashore, igs beam ness © Anleck Sratng Sytem (AAS) leat om Chock at ar hom andlor eet hr wor HeaterDetroste Test Pathe hate a eater rk Parking Brave Chock > wn ie parking ake engaged (hier brakes {eleased on conbinaron veces), check ft the parking rake wil old vehicle by genty yg tal orwarevth parking brake or wan the parking brake rested end the aller parking rake “engagod (corblnaion vehies ny) check tate valr poring brake vl ld vwerkie by genty tying co pul Torware with te (rar parking oreo yaracle Sake Check Pomp tne brake pedal tee times, then old 2 ‘sown to fve seconds. The brake petal shou no ‘nove (depress) ding the fve seconds, IPequinped wih a hyeraul brake reserve (oak up) yeiem, wh tho key of, depress the brake pedal end tsten for the sound of to fserve System elec motor. Chock that he waring buzzer oi soft ‘lr Brave Check [Ae Brae Equipped Veitos cay) Fature to perorm an alr brake check wil eatin {an aviomat ature of ho verse Inspection test ‘Ax brake. sally deveos vary. However, tna rocecire is decigned to coe’ tet any sally device oporatos corcety es ai pressure cos ftom nara to a low air condton, For say urpotes,m areas where an iaine i peesent, your il use wheel chocks dur the ai brake chock The proper procedures ‘or nepocting he se brake sytem ave as ofows: Brake Check Patk ruck on level ound, chock wien Gets tuck tun engine on bid o 100-2691 Engine ofthey ovilease spring braces Wich + mint, stright tuck 208 combo rack 3 pe ‘Aaply Spal (obsake pedal ‘Staight tus 3 pl, combo tuck sos in minuto Pump, pum brakes @ Btps! warring b2zer (on) Contes to purp @ 40-20ps' aprng brakesi es ere tnt —____ Safety Be Check that tho safety bet le securely mounted, agusts, an latches prope LightemRenectore Chock that all extorsal Ighis and refectve fcgipment are cea an funetional Light and Felco, checks mode % Clearance lights (don rear, amber ‘elsewhere. Headlights (igh and low bea). Tosigys, Backing lights. Turn sigrais Four-say fess, brake ge Fed rofciors (on reat) and amber relator (toounoe) Noe: Checks of brake, um sign! and fousway flasher funchons must be dene eeparaaly. 11.2 ~ External Inspection (Scnoo! Hus/Fruck/iractor) 11.2.4- Stesring Siesting BoxHonas Chock that the sterng bos is secursly mounts ‘2nd no leaking. Lock for ay missing ra, bot, fd cotterkeys hook for power slerng fd leaks or damage to power seering hoses, Stooring Linkage ‘See that connecting inks, ams, ad ros om the Soaring bor fa he whe! aero worn or eacked, Choc tht ons and sockets are nt worn ar oon ‘and that there are no missing nut, Bol, or coe Kops 11.22 Suspension Springethierroreue Look for missing, shite, cracked, oF broken lea pings ook 0 broker or dstontes el sens H vehicle is equipped sth iorsion bars, tome ‘ams. oF other ‘ypes of sussenson eomsenent, hock thal hey are net damaged and are aur’ senurey, Ae suspension ehoutd be checked fr camage ounts Look” Yar cracked oF oroken spring stangers, missing or samaged Sustngs, nd broke, loose, & meting bots, v-bots e other ade mounting aris. (The mour’s shoud be checked st eseh Bont where they are secured Yo the veh rare ‘nd sels ‘Shock Absorbers ‘Soe that shock absorbers are secure and that tore are no take. Note: Be propsred to perform the sane ‘suspension composes inepacton on vary exle (Gower un: end water equpped) 11.2.9 Brakes Slack Adjustors and Pushrode Look or broken lose, or mising oats For mancat slack agjustors, the Drake. pushrod should not move cere tan ane ‘ach twa the brates released) when puted by hard ar 1 Chambers See tet brake chanbers are nt lacking, racked, or dered ane ore mounted securely Brake Hosesitines Look for eracked, wor, or leking hoses, nes, and counting. rum chock for ccs, dents, or holes. Also check for loose o” missing bots Check fo" certainties suc oabris or cilgease, rake Inings (here wale) shows not be on dargeously hn Linings (On some brake cums, thre are openings where tio brake lnings can be eer fom outade the ‘um. For ths type of arm, check tat 9 valle ‘Smet fbrake ining showeng Note: Be prensa to perfor the same brake ‘carmponenis insccton on every ae (powe” unt and tale, Feapped). “SE REComme Cri Lean Maat .2.4- Wheels Rime Check for damaged oF Bont rine. Rims cannot Fave welding rapes Ties ‘The folowing tons must be inspected on every te 2 Tread depth: Check for mnimum wad dh (4i32 on stoorng ela wes, 2132 ona oer tee) ‘Tee. conditon: Check that vead ie evenly worn ana look for es or eter damage 10 tread or sidewats. Aso, make tue hat valve caps and stems aro not missing. broken, or amaged 1» Tee Ilation: Cneck for proper infon by using 2 te gauge oF infalon by sikng tres ‘vita malel or ater Siniar device Neto: You wit sot get ered you simply ick the tas o check for proper inion, Hub Olt Seol/Axle Ceate ‘See tal nwo ogrease secs anc axie stale are notleaking and hee has a sight ase of level is adequate ag Rute Check that a tug nuts are present, roe of cracks {nd distortions, and show ho signe of losaness Suen 98 ust tale or shiny thrones Moto suo al bot holes ae not cracked or store. | einped, check that spacers are not Dent damaged. o ited touch, ‘Spacers should be evenly canored with the dal wheels aides evenly separated Note: Bo propare to pedorm she same whee! Inspection on every axa (powe" unit ada euioped 4£.25- Side of Vehicle Door(s)Nirrox(s} Cec hat doo) are not damaged an tht ey open and cose propety from he use. Hinges shout be see with seas ia ‘Choc hat miners) and meror brackets are nt amages and We motnied sacicely wi no ose figs. Fualvenc (Chock hat tank) are secwe, cas) ae tad thal bere se no:eststom tank) oes, BatteryBex Whorover loosed, see tat Datars) are sects, connections er igh nd ell cxps are presors Betery comeciors shew not show signe of excessive corosion, Battery box and cover er door must be sacue Deve Shai ‘See tha: dive shale rat bent or exec. Coupings should be see and fee ot “orsign objets Exhaust System Check systom for damage arc sgn of tees such ‘sunt er ean soo! System shoud be conrecte tity an meunied vowel, Frame Look for eacks, chen welds, holes or other darraga to te engtudha ame tember, Goss ‘member, box, an toor 11,2.5~ Reer of Vehsie Splaci Guess W equipped, check ht splash guards ar me aps lars rot damaged ard are moved secure) Doorelesiuins Check that doors and hinges ae not demagad ant at they open close, a ates propery am the puts, Hf equispes Ties, srape, rans, an bindere must aso be IW ecupped win a caro ‘A, loot for lasting raged or ieerg pas and expan vow ‘how'd be checked for caret operation. rc oe‘un must be fly eectes and inthes securely 11.2.7 ~ TractorCoupling AlEletre Linas Listen o- ait leaks. Chock that a hoses and ‘Sects! nes 8 not cu, chafed spioed, a Worn {Gtee! bred shouts nt show treugh), Make sure at nd eletrent lnes ar nol tance, inched, cr dragging againt acto 2a, Chock thatthe catwalk i soi, dear of objects, and securely bles to actor rome Neurting Boks Look for G08 misting meuiing brackets, clamgs, bots, or ate" Bath the wie andthe ‘side mouring must be rately stactea On athor ypes of coupling systems (i.e. bal ite, Drie Roos, et), inspect al couping components 5c meu brackets arising ct oten pers, teh Relesce Lever Locking saws Look int fith weal gap and check that locking jaws ae fly Cosed areund be kings. (nother types of couping eyes Le bal hitch, pine hook, ot) Inspect the ‘ocking mechanism for missing or broken pars and mae eve fe locked securely. I resent, suet cles or chine must be secure and free of kinks ond cease (Coeck fr proper ateication and that S whee! sd ‘late securely mounted tothe nltform an Pat Stats ene pin ae szcure end no! mse) Piattorm th wee Choo fo cracks o breaks in the pir stuctire ‘ies supports the its vine saat Release Ars (eth Wheel) equipped. make sure te rieate aime nthe tgaped positon and te ately ich h place Kingpinlagrontoap (Check tat the kinins not bot. Mako sue ie vale pt of he pron le nat bent, acter oc broken {Chock tit the Vale ie ayng fat on he fit wes pate (ro cap). Locking Pine (Fith Vinee) 1 equipped lok fr loge or mlesing pis the se mectnim of the sicing fh whee. fait poweed chock To laze, Haake sure lacking pins ae fly engaged ‘Check thatthe fh whee fs pssloned prope: ¢o that he tector fame wit dear Ue landing geet Ang tre, Sliding Pinto Chock that the sling po ls secured wit 10 loose or isting nuts 0” bots and cater pin sec ‘Tongue or Draw-ber (Chock thot the tongueleraw-bar i= not bent © Iwised and checks for boken Weide ard sess cocks, Chock that te tongueldiawbar is aot worn excessialy ‘Yongue Srorage Ares (Check atthe storage area is sled ans secred the tongue, ‘Check that cargo inthe stage aiea Le, chains Diners ele. areeacure 41.8 - Schoo! Bus Oniy Emergency Equipment In adatior to checking for spare eectal taxes (7 ‘auppee), tree red elecve trarges, and propery charged ard. rtad’ the. extngusner Schocl bus drive's must to inspect he Tolowing ‘emergency equisrent 4 Smergency Kit © Bedi Fld Cleanup Kit Liuhting ireeaiors In ator to cbece“g te dptngindcators sted in Seaton 20.2 of ns mara, sehoo. bus cers must ago eneck the folowing Ighing icestors (eternal panel gn} “Segoe etter pacesemer rer ion Maral 1 Atemately ashing amber ght inate, euppes. 1p Alerrately Rasing re igh ineoatr. © Sucbe gt inccator, # euipped LighisrRetiectors lr addon to checking the tights and ronectve ovces tated in Seaton 102 of the mara! Schoo! bus avers must aso check the fol ng (ctenal etic ane electors Sebel, feqwpes Stop am it, # equpped 5 Atematey hashing amber its, # equines ernst ehing resigns Studer iirore ln ition o checking the externa iors, schol bus. givers must also check tho intemal and ‘extemal mitors Used for observing students 7 Check fr proper sxe, 7 Checks: theta inlamal and. external mmivers and ttiortreckels. are not daragad nd ore mounted securely wih no oote Ringe Checks at vib isnot impared due sity mir. Stop Arm FF equipped. check the soo arm to ee that is ‘round securely othe rame of tho vehicle Also, ‘heck or lsoe tgs and damage. Passanger Entry CCheck that the entry door isnt damages, ‘peales smoathy. ard closes sec.ray fram the tree ond als are secure and the step ight ie working, Iecvippad ‘The en saps must be cear wih the iraads not loose 0 wan excess. IW ecupped with 2 handicap Ii, look for leaking damaged, oF missing parts and expan ow If ‘Shoulé be checked ‘or crrect eration, Ut must be fu eractog an ated secre Emergency Ext Hate sure that at emergency exis are not amagec, operate smoothiy, are COFe securely ‘rom the nde, Check nat ay emergency ext wasring deviess wevonirg, Look fr broken seat frames and check that saat frames are frmy attached 0 te Toor Check tat seat cushons ee sitachod securely to thosest rames. 4.4~Traller 114.4~ Traller Froat AidElectrce! Cornecions (Chock hat vate sic canmectors ae ses an ic {000 contin Mike sure glad hande we locked in place, ee of arage oleate Make sure te Vaieroecrics! py “emy seated {and ocked molec Header Goad 4 equipped, check tha header boar toe tet Js secure, fae of eomage, and avon enough to eon ergo, TF equipped, te camas or tp carer must be mounted an fasted see's (Gn encosed waters. clack ho ont area fc: sxe (of damage suchas cracks tug, or les 118.2 Side of Traier Landing Gear Check tat the landing geri uy raised, hat no rising pats, crank fandie is secure, and the ppot frame ie not canaged IF power operated cher fer aio yale leaks. Doora!ew/uits Hf eauipped, check ta! coos are nat damaged Check tat 'doers open, cose, and fateh sopery ftom ine outsize Check tht t05, stops, chante, and bincare ave iPequpped with 2 cago i, look for ieoking damages 0° missing tars and expan ‘how Should be checked for cere persion. Lt souls be fui reread and rtd securely, Frame Look for cracks, brie) wel, holes or other darsago tothe tree, cone members, BOK, ano to enue Release Armit eine Pie “Se Ba a a'¥ equbped, make sure the locking pins ae ockes in place ané ease as secured 164.8~ Remainder of Mraler Remaindor of Ta Please rele: to Section 11.2 of this manual for elated’ inspector procedures regarding. the folowing comsoneats: > whee © Susnension system 5 Brake Deorties at, > Saleen gars, 11.8 ~ Coach Trene't Bus 11.51 Passenger toms Passenger Enty fit Check hat enuy doors operate smooty and dose seourely om the inside. (Chock tat nara rails re secure end, equzped, thatthe sep igh) ee warking Chock that the enty sions are clear, wir the tyeads not ease or er exes * oauipped wth a hancleap ML look for any Feaking, damaged of mising par. and explain how ‘tahoud be checked for corect operon {Un shows be fly raaciod ond tees secre, mergeney Exiss Moke sue Wat al emergency exis are net amaged, operate sooty, and Sose sectraly from the neice ‘Check that any emergency exit waning devices aro werk, Fassenger Seating Look for broken seat fames and check tht sat {eames ar ny etacvod ote oor ‘Check tnt seat cussions are atachod secur to the eo remee, 99,8.2-- Entry Bit Chock that enyfext doors are ol damaged and ‘porate smoathy Fars the osice. Hingse sald Mote sure tt the passenger ext mirors and a external iors ane. mierer fractals are not amages ara are mouniee securely with no loose ‘ings. 11.8.3 Fsteroet Inepesiion ef Coach! ‘Transit Bus Lovellie coats ‘Soo Sat he vehicle sting vel (ont ane ‘df ar-equpped, check or aus a eaks rom the suspension system uot Tana Seo hat fe tanks ae secure wit no taks ern {snk(s) rte. Baggage Comparmonts hack tat baggage and 8? other exterior comportnent doors 0. Tot damaged. Speala rope an lat seckly Boueryox \Wherover locas, 0 thet baer) are secur, connecions ate ight and ext eape are preset Batley carnectons' eroule not shor signe of Geck thal baiety box and cover x éoor Is not amaged ands secur, 19.5.4 Remainder of Coeiv Transit Bus Remainder of Veh Please rer to Section 11.2 of thie mania! for etaled “nepecton procedures reparcing’ the ‘wheal Remorbar, the preipvehice hapeetion must be passed beloe you can proceed io Ine base Wohice conra sls est, 114.8 ~ Yaking the CUL Pre-trip In¢pection Test 11.0.1 ~ Clans A Presrip Inspection Vest If you 0 applying for a Cisse A CCL, you val be ‘eit to perform one of she Tour versions 0! 2 rein inspection the vere you have brought wih you for tasting. Zech of tho four lets ara fquvalet ar ye wil st kaw when fest yous ‘Ske url ut baore to wen begin. roaCommerc vr nee Man! [A of to tests incu an engi star, en Inca Inspection, andar inspacion of the. covsing Sytem. "hen, your test may require an especton ofthe nite volo or oty@ pon of the vehicle ‘ich your CDL Exam wit expiant you, 17.6.2 Class & and © Pre-trip Inspection Test if y0u are oophing for a Cas 9 COL, you wil be ‘gure to perio one ofthe tree versions of 8 prestipinspeston inte voticio you have brought ‘th you Tor tesbag, Each ofthe twee tox aro ‘Suivaest and yu wil net know whi et you ll {ke unjust bare tho testng begs, ‘ofthe tele incude an engine let and an i= fh epecion ‘Then. yur Yee may renee 0 inspection of th erie vetila er ony potion ot the vehicle wtich you COL Gaming wil clan to you. You wil ago have to pect any speoal features of your vehicle (eg, shel or wars bus)CDL Velicle Inspection Memozy Aid Combination Vehicles roe of Vic, LigeReictom, igus Conputinent & Sterne Components ‘Suaight Truck or Bus Pow te Leta ‘Engine Compustat & Stoney Sideof Veh Liphsafectes Rewot Vebih & LigueRatciow Samoa 1 Frere Vena econ FaasSection 12 Besic Vehicle Control Skills Test This Section Covers + Skille Test Exercises © Skills Test Scoring Yeur basic convo shits could be ated using one or more of te foloweg exercises evosd ot someuere onthe steet dung teroad est: Staight oe backing, (feat bacrgt fee! backto aval pre (aver i) Paral park (consoniona), Ale dock. ‘These otercises are shown in Figues 424 though 1256 12.4 SCORING Crossing Boundaries (encroachments) Purse Fel Poston ‘Enoachments ~ The examine” wil score the umber of tines you touen O° Goss over ‘rece boundary lino wih any paren of your ‘oh: Esch encroachment vl ooo ae an afr, Putas ~ You wit tbe penalize forint pul tps. However, an excessive number &f 2u-tpe, ‘count es errs Vehice Exts - You may be pernited o sally Sop and. ex: the vere {0 check the externa Dottin ofthe vehie. When gong eo, you must sce the vahicle m neutal and eet the peng brakes). Thor whan ening tha vee. you must fo so safety by Yacig the vehicle ara maztaiung tee points of coral wh tn venice at atmos. "jou 60 not efely sire tha veh or sly ent the wehicle may eu in a automate flure of the Desi cri hs tes. ina Poston — 6 ioortant tht you figh eae’ ‘ercse ovaciy 28 ‘se evaminer "e stucioc you. F you de net mancuver tne vetila ote ‘hal posiien as deserted by the examiner, yOu wibe ponoze ae coud fal te oane aus ta 12.2 EXERCISES 422.4~ Straight Line Backing You may be asked to back your voce 3 straight ing between too rome of es wot Touching or cossry over he exrcee boundaries. (See Figure 12.1) 12.2.2 Ofiset backiRight You may 2e ashes to ack nto 2 space that i ‘ho pit eer of your vente. You weve straight fonvea. and ack your vehile into that epace wiineat stking beside or ear Bounares ark by cones. You rust pe your vehste comply Ino te space. (See Figure 122). 12.2.3 Offgot Back/ceft You may be sked to back into a space that isto the lft oar of your vehi, You Wl rv sigh fonver and back your vehioe ine st space wittost skin the ste or rear boundsres marked Dy cones. You must place you" vatige comiate'y ino the space. (Se5 gure “2.3) 12.24 ~ Parallel Fark (Driver Sis) You may Se askod 10 park io 9 neralet parking space ats on you et You aa to re pst Ne paring spaco and back riot bringng the ree of your vovieie ae dose as possible othe fear of the Space wihout crossing sce oF rear bo.ndavies Marked! by cones. You are required to get your vehicle completly into the space. (See igure 2a) 4122.5 Pareile! Park (Conventional) You may be asked to 99% na paral perkeng space hats an you" righ. You af to crve past {he parking space ara back nto itbraging the Fear ‘of your vehi as Cote as poraie fo the rea” of the space without cresing sae or rea souncaras marked by cones. You are recured to get your vehicle completly Ia the Spa0d. (See Figure 128) 1228. Alley Dock You mey be asked to ighsde back your vile ito a> aley, Senging the "ea of your vehicle ae oso ab oossine tothe roar of ea wihout {0:9 beyone tho oxorsss Deurdry marked by @ ihe oe row of cones. You are requred lo get your venice completly fio he snacs wil your ee ‘oh sai wah the aley (S00 Fgure 12.8)(Sonneries iene ua! Figure 12.1: Straight Line Backing Figure 12.2: Offset BachRight Figure 12.3: Offset Back/Left “Bes as Co BeConner Drivers iano Mos! Semmens wre Mews Figure 12.4: Parailet Park (Driver Side) Figure 12.5: Parallel Park (Conventional)Figure 12.6: Alley Dock ‘Satan ae Coneonmerc Divers cence at Semmes een ta Section 13 On-read Driving ‘This Section Covers © How You Will Be Tested ‘You wil ive over 9 tex out hot hae vatty of Arai stuato’s. Atal tmes dung tne test You "ust crve Ina sate and responsi manner During the ving tot he examiner wil be scoring you of specfe_deving menauvers 20 wel so your general dining behavior You wil flow the ‘kectors ofthe examiner. Drecore wil be ivan {© you co you vl have piety of te to do whet ‘he examiner has asked! You Wl ne bs asked fo sive an urea nner IF your teat resto doge not ave cortin vate stusions, you may be esked fo sivulate a tate suaton. You wil do ih by ting the exainer what you re or woulé be dang you were tat all Stston 19.1 —How You Will Be Tested 19.4.4 Turns You have boon asked to rake a ti Chock wan at rotons. Use tum signs and sa'ay get into the tare aed rte un ‘As you eoproach the tan Use turn signa o war oars of your ta, ‘Siow dawn smoobly, change goss 8 needed to keep power, bu de” aat coast uneately Unsete coasting occurs whon jour vehicle sou of gear (utch depressed or gearshift in ret) fo more than to ent of your vahice If you must stop before making the tur Como io smeath stop without skstng Come to a compisle stop behind the stop ine, croeswek,o stop on. If Stopping Senne anatner velco, stp where you ‘can see the 9" es an the vel ahead of you (sate gap), Dore our vee rel keop tn rnt hoes ned staght ahead ‘Check ain a recone Keep bath tands on the siping wheel during the ‘oem (Do not change gears during the tun, Keep checkng) your miror to make sro the vyebile doesnot hit anything on the ise of the in Vehice shou nat move int oncoming vale Vehicteshovdfnsn rm caveat are. tor en Make sie un signals of Get uP to speed of tale, use tum signal and move no sight ost fane when sate do 30 not ‘steady thre 18.1.2 Intersections [As you aprasch an intersection Check ate Hecughiy al deste Becsirae gay Beko mou ar necessary, change gears i "necessary, cone. to2 canplas Sap Ino fogting) béved any sep Sirs, sana Sivas, sop ine ravens so6' Os ‘shin any oil in fnt you, ‘You wenden re oa or bahar woven diving Ewaugh an itrsecon Check va ttoroughy na rections, Deceerale end yield to any pedestrians and tafe Inthe intersecton, (Do noi charge lanes or shit geers while procouding thugh the ntreecton. eop your harss.on the whe, (Once trough the intersection Condnue checking minors and atte Acsetrate smoothly and cvange gears. as reveesary, 184.3 Urbaw Pure! Straigit During this par ofthe test, you are expected to make regular tac cheeks ard maitan a sale fotowing™ distzeo. “Voor weno. shoud be ‘entered in the proper ane (rightmost ona) end you should op up oth ha or of Wate bt ot xcoee the posia sc lini Whon raed to bn “Be Rgona! ers ierae Mant -Sermazetere tienes 13.1.4-Lane Ghenges During multi tane perons of he test, you wl be ssied to change lores lo the le. and then beck s the ght. You should make the soceseary vate ecks ret. tan Use preper signals and smooth ‘change lanes von ie ete to G0 0. 12.1.5~ Expresevay Betor entering Me expressway: cheek vt. Use prope signs. Merge sroat ino the groper lane of aff Once on the expressway: Nahin groper lane postioning, voice spain. ‘nd vet apse, Continue tO" heck tate thoroughly inal ‘rectors Woon extng the axressinay Make rosessar trai checks Use proper eign cetera seth nthe entane (Once ‘on the ext ramp, you must contiwe to ecelorate win the lane markings eed marly ececuate soacieg Between your venice anc oer venices. 13.16 - Ston/Start For thie manouvat, yu si! be asked to pul your votile over fo the Se Of he road ard sip asf you ware gong tect out and creck something on Your vere. You must check tafe though P {0 drectors and move tthe righimort lane or Shoulder road, ‘A you prepare fr the stop eck vate ‘Activa your itm signal Decorate smechiy, rake evenly, ahargs gears necessary. {rng your vehicle oa ful stop without coasting. noe stopped! Venice must be poral to the cura 0 shoulder of the road and stl oto the atc ow Venice shoud sot be Blocking drvewiys, fre hyerans,ltorsectons, gn, ee, Creo! your un sa ‘Atal you four nay oTesge ney tasers ‘Apo the parking brake. Move the gear she ta neu! or park Remove your fest tam the broke and cltch poual. Won Instruct to resume: Check trate ane your miners thoroughly nal recone {in of your ou-way fashore ‘Actuate the ft nal When ‘tafe permits, you shoud release the arcing brake and pu soight oo. Danot um te wheel Sefre yout vile moves Check vac om ail avectons,expecsaly tothe Steer ad cecolerate stony it the proper lane ‘when safe todo 20. Once your vaice 6 back S¥o te flow of va, ance! your lt sm signa 13:.7~ Cur win approaching a cuve: Check wat hora nal reins. Before entering ie cuve ren speed So further broking or shfing ent veures inthe cave. Keep vehicle in hele, Conte checking tat nal cections 15.1.8 Railroad Crossing Before reaching tbe crossing, al comme srivare shout Doser, brake smoothly, and shit gases a necessary Look aston forth presence of tales, Check vate all drectons Do not stop. change gears, pass ancther vice ‘change fee wine ary pat of you vehicle 9 the ceasing. IFoo ar cving a bee, schoo! bus, 02 vehicle steplaying plcards, you should be prepared 12 ‘observe the folowing procecus every raivoad ossing (ules he eosing exempt ‘As the vehicle approaches aikoad cossing, ‘etvate the four vay Fass Stop the vehicle win 80 Yost but vot eee than 15 ‘oot forthe nearest rat Listen and ook Im BOP rectons atorg the tack ‘or an apposeting van anc for signs inating {he approech ofa ats operating # Os, you nay also be requred to o2en he wird ane oor pre ocrossing Wack‘onmerc rer eer Comme er rere Keep hands on the steering whee! as the vehicle crosses the acs Bo not scp, change gaars or change lanes while any part of your vehize ie prosesding ecrss the ‘rock Foursway fashors should be descvad ate the vahicle costes the bask, Gentinus to ese minors and ttf Not al civng road ios reves wil hsve ara gossing. You may to askod ‘0 expan and emonstale the proper rvtondcloesng proceduros to the examine ta simate ceation 18.4.9 ~ Pridze/Ovenpass/Sign to tol tho 2xamine whet the poslad Gearenco ot hight was. Aer gong over abridge, you may be lashed (0 el the examiner what the posted welt Tit was. yur test route does nt ave a bridge oF overoass, you may be atkee abeut anctner trate 8gn.ivhon asked, be prepared Wenthy and expla tothe examiner any ta sign wiley may appear on the rots 18.4.10 ~ Student Discharge (Schoo! Bus) If you are applying for a Schoc! Bus endorsement you wil be roqured to demonstrate laedng re) Unloeng studers. Please vel: to tecion 10 of tus rranue! fr procedtres on Teashg ene UUsoading sehoo! tutes, During the eriving test you mest: Wear your safety bet bey al afc ss, signs. anc aus, CGomolote be test witout an acncert oF moving vortion, You wi bo scared on ye over parormancs in the lowing general cving behav catagories 13..11 ~ Clutch Usage for arual Transmission) ‘Aways use otc t hit Double-cuth 7 vehi iS equipped “ath non- syncironized tansinssing| Donat rev org the engina Do net ride clteh fo cnt speed, coast ith the {ato eoprestos. 2 "bon" ha tem 19.9.12 ~ Gear Usage (for Manual Transrvissior) Select gear that dons not ever ug engine. DDomnot shitin ture and rtersectons, 13.18 Brake Usage Do not ideo pump brake. Domo brake narsniy. Brake smooth sing stasey pressure. 13:1.14~ Lane Usage Do not put vehicle over cubs, skews, o ane arkroe, ‘Slop bor sip nes, cxosswaiks, or top sone Gompiete a tum in the proper lane on’ multiple lane road (vehicle should th a lf im in fhe tne Urey tte right othe cee te). Fish a ight tum inthe vgneost (ur) ane Move to or remain in rightmost sre ures ane is DBockes 134.48 ~ Steering ‘Do not ove or under ster the vice, Keep bat han en the staring wheel a lines nets ehfing. Once you have completed sh, ‘etun bth hans othe staerng nce! 18.1.18- Reguias Tratle Shacks (Choe regu, (Sheok miners ema ‘hack mers ard afc hefre, while and aes anintorecton, ‘Scan and check rafe in high volume areas and areas where pedestans ave exoocted to be reson, (8.1.47 Use of Turn Signals Use tun signals sropaty ‘cate tur signa wen rquiced ‘Ava trn sina tsporoviat imes CCance’ tun signals uoon completo of rn 1 tone change Sea sseeag}