ANDEHIT -2014

L THUYT ANEHIT
I. Khi nim - Tn gi - Tnh cht vt l

Anehit

Tn thay th

HCH=O
CH3CH=O
CH3CH2CH=O
(CH3)2CHCH2CH=O
CH3CH=CHCH=O
C6H5CH=O

Tn thng thng

metanal
etanal
propanal
3-metylbutanal
but-2-en-1-al
benzanehit

fomanehit
axetanehit
propionanehit
isovaleranehit
crotonanehit
benzanehit

(anehit fomic)
(anehit axetic)
(anehit propionic)
(anehit isovaleric)
(anehit crotonic)
(anehit benzoic)

-Anehit l nhng hchc c nhm CHO lin kt vi H hoc gc hirocacbon. R(CHO)z hoc CnH2nO
- HCHO, CH3CHO. Kh khng mu, mi xc, tan trong nc v dung mi hu c
- Dung dch 37% HCHO gi l fomon hay fomalin
II. Tnh cht ho hc
1. Phn ng cng: + H2 (Ni, t0); + HCN
RCHO + H2

t 0 , Ni

RCH2OH

2. Phn ng oxi ho: + O2; + dd Br2; + dd KMnO4; + dd AgNO3/NH3 (t0).

2RCHO + O2

Mn 2

RCH = O + Br2 + H2O

2RCOOH
RCOOH + 2HBr

R-CHO + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O

t0

RCOONH4 + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3

Ch . HCHO khi tham gia phn ng trng gng sn phm cui cng thu c l axit v c hoc mui ca axit
v c vi t l 1mol HCHO 4mol Ag.
III. iu ch
CH3-CH2OH + CuO
CH CH + H2O

t0

CH2=CH2 + O2

CH3-CHO

HgSO 4 /H 2SO4 , t 0

t0

CH3-CHO

CH3-CHO

BI TP ANEHIT
Cu 1. C07. Cho 2,9 gam mt anehit phn ng hon ton vi lng d AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 thu c 21,6
gam Ag. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca anehit l (Cho H = 1; C = 12; O = 16; Ag = 108)
A. HCHO.
B. CH3CHO.
C. CH2=CH-CHO.
D. OHC-CHO.
Cu 2. C08. t chy hon ton mt anehit X, thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O. Nu cho X tc dng vi
lng d AgNO3 trong dd NH3, sinh ra s mol Ag gp bn ln s mol X phn ng. Cng thc ca X l
A. HCHO.
B. CH3CHO.
C. (CHO)2.
D. C2H5CHO.
Cu 3. C08: Cho cc cht sau: CH3-CH2-CHO (1), CH2=CH-CHO (2), (CH3)2CH-CHO (3), CH2=CH-CH2-OH (4).
Nhng cht phn ng hon ton vi lng d H2 (Ni, t0) cng to ra mt sn phm l:
A. (2), (3), (4).
B. (1), (2), (4).
C. (1), (2), (3).
D. (1), (3), (4).
Cu 4. C09: Cho 0,1 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc
dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng thu c 32,4 gam Ag. Hai anehit trong X l
A. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO B. HCHO v CH3CHO
C. HCHO v C2H5CHO
D. C2H3CHO v C3H5CHO

ANDEHIT -2014
Cu 5. C09: Hiro ha hon ton hn hp M gm hai anehit X v Y no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong
dy ng ng (MX < MY), thu c hn hp hai ancol c khi lng ln hn khi lng M l 1 gam. t chy
hon ton M thu c 30,8 gam CO2. Cng thc v phn trm khi lng ca X ln lt l
A. HCHO v 32,44%
B. HCHO v 50,56%
C. CH3CHO v 67,16%
D. CH3CHO v 49,44%.
Cu 6. C10. Anehit no mch h X c cng thc n gin nht C2H3O. Cng thc phn t ca X l
A. C8H12O4
B. C6H9O3
C. C2H3O
D. C4H6O2
Cu 7. C10. Cho 4,6 gam mt ancol no, n chc phn ng vi CuO nung nng, thu c 6,2 gam hn hp X
gm anehit, nc v ancol d. Cho ton b lng hn hp X phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch
AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng, thu c m gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 16,2
B. 43,2
C. 10,8
D. 21,6
Cu 8. C11. Hn hp G gm hai anehit X v Y, trong Mx < My < 1,6 Mx. t chy hn hp G thu c CO2 v
H2O c s mol bng nhau. Cho 0,10 mol hn hp G vo dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 0,25 mol Ag.
Tng s cc nguyn t trong mt phn t Y l
A. 10
B. 7.*
C. 6.
D. 9.
Cu 9. C12. Cho m gam hn hp hi X gm hai ancol (n chc, bc I, l ng ng k tip) phn ng vi CuO
d, thu c hn hp hi Y gm nc v anehit. T khi hi ca Y so vi kh hiro bng 14,5. Cho ton b Y
phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3, thu c 97,2 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l
A. 14,0.
B. 14,7.
C. 10,1.
D. 18,9
Cu 10. C13. Cho 4,4 gam anehit n chc X phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3, un
nng, thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc ca X l
A. HCHO
B. CH3-CHO
C. C2H3-CHO
D. C2H5-CHO
Cu 11. A07. Cho 6,6 gam mt anehit X n chc, mch h phn ng vi lng d AgNO 3 trong dung dch NH3,
un nng. Lng Ag sinh ra cho phn ng ht vi axit HNO 3 long, thot ra 2,24 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy
nht, o ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16)
A. CH3CHO.
B. HCHO.
C. CH3CH2CHO.
D. CH2= CHCHO.
Cu 12. A07. Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, un nng thu c 43,2
gam Ag. Hiro ho X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi 4,6 gam Na. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca
X l (cho Na = 23, Ag = 108)
A. HCHO.
B. CH3CHO.
C. OHC-CHO.
D. CH3CH(OH)CHO.
Cu 13. A07. Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3, l:
A. anehit axetic, but-1-in, etilen.
B. anehit axetic, axetilen, but-2-in.
C. axit fomic, vinylaxetilen, propin.
D. anehit fomic, axetilen, etilen.
Cu 14. A08. un nng V lt hi anehit X vi 3V lt kh H2 (xc tc Ni) n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton ch thu
c mt hn hp kh Y c th tch 2V lt (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Ngng t Y thu
c cht Z; cho Z tc dng vi Na sinh ra 2 cht c s mol bng s mol Z phn ng. Cht X l anehit
A. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), hai chc.
B. no, hai chc.
C. no, n chc.
D. khng no (cha mt ni i C=C), n chc.
Cu 15. A08. Cho 3,6 gam anehit n chc X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng d AgNO 3 trong dung dch NH3
un nng, thu c m gam Ag. Ho tan hon ton m gam Ag bng dung dch HNO 3 c, sinh ra 2,24 lt NO2 (sn
phm kh duy nht, ktc). Cng thc ca X l
A. C3H7CHO.
B. HCHO.
C. C4H9CHO.
D. C2H5CHO.
Cu 16. A09. Cho 0,25 mol mt anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3 thu c
54 gam Ag. Mt khc, khi cho X phn ng vi H2 d (xc tc Ni, t0) th 0,125 mol X phn ng ht vi 0,25 mol
H2. Cht X c cng thc ng vi cng thc chung l
A. CnH2n-1CHO (n 2).
B. CnH2n-3CHO (n 2).
C. CnH2n(CHO)2 (n 0).
D. CnH2n+1CHO (n 0).
Cu 17. A09. Dy gm cc cht u iu ch trc tip (bng mt phn ng) to ra anehit axetic l:
A. CH3COOH, C2H2, C2H4. B. C2H5OH, C2H2, CH3COOC2H5.
C. C2H5OH, C2H4, C2H2.
D. HCOOC2H3, C2H2, CH3COOH.
Cu 18. A09. Cho cc hp cht hu c: C2H2; C2H4; CH2O; CH2O2 (mch h); C3H4O2 (mch h, n chc). Bit
C3H4O2 khng lm chuyn mu qu tm m. S cht tc dng c vi dd AgNO 3 trong NH3 to ra kt ta l
A. 3.
B. 4
C. 2
D. 5

ANDEHIT -2014
Cu 19. A09. Cho hn hp kh X gm HCHO v H2 i qua ng s ng bt Ni nung nng. Sau khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y gm hai cht hu c. t chy ht Y th thu c 11,7 gam H 2O v 7,84 lt
kh CO2 ( ktc). Phn trm theo th tch ca H2 trong X l
A. 65,00%.
B. 46,15%.
C. 35,00%
D. 53,85%.
Cu 20. A10. Oxi ho ht 2,2 gam hn hp hai ancol n chc thnh anehit cn va 4,8 gam CuO. Cho ton
b lng anehit trn tc dng vi lng d dd AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 23,76 gam Ag. Hai ancol l:
A. C2H5OH, C2H5CH2OH. B. C2H5OH, C3H7CH2OH. C. CH3OH, C2H5CH2OH. D. CH3OH, C2H5OH.
Cu 21. A10. Cho m gam hn hp etanal v propanal phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong
NH3, thu c 43,2 gam kt ta v dung dch cha 17,5 gam mui amoni ca hai axit hu c. Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,9.
B. 14,3.
C. 10,2.
D. 9,5.
Cu 22. A11. t chy hon ton anehit X, thu c th tch kh CO2 bng th tch hi nc (trong cng iu kin
nhit , p sut). Khi cho 0,01 mol X tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3 th thu c 0,04
mol Ag. X l
A. anehit fomic.
B. anehit no, mch h, hai chc.
C. anehit axetic.
D. anehit khng no, mch h, hai chc.
Cu 23. A11. X, Y ,Z l cc hp cht mch h, bn c cng cng thc phn t C 3H6O. X tc dng c vi Na v
khng c phn ng trng bc. Y khng tc dng vi Na nhng c phn ng trng bc, Z khng tc dng c vi
Na v khng c phn ng trng bc. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. CH2=CH-CH2-OH, CH3-CH2-CHO, CH3-CO-CH3. B. CH2=CH-CH2-OH, CH3-CO-CH3, CH3-CH2-CHO.
C. CH3-CH2-CHO, CH3-CO-CH3, CH2=CH-CH2-OH.
D. CH3-CO-CH3, CH3-CH2-CHO, CH2=CH-CH2-OH.
Cu 24. A12. Hirat ha 5,2 gam axetilen vi xc tc HgSO4 trong mi trng axit, un nng. Cho ton b cc cht
hu c sau phn ng vo mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 44,16 gam kt ta. Hiu sut phn
ng hirat ha axetilen l
A. 80%.
B. 70%.
C. 92%.
D. 60%.
Cu 25. A13. Cho 13,6 gam mt cht hu c X (c thnh phn nguyn t C, H, O) tc dng va vi dung dch
cha 0,6 mol AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng , thu c 43,2 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to ca X l :
A. CH3-CC-CHO
B. CH2=C=CH-CHO
C. CH C-CH2-CHO
D. CH C [CH2]2-CHO
Cu 26. A14. Cho andehit no, mch h, c cng thc CnHmO2. Mi quan h gia n vi m l :
A. m = 2n + 1
B. m = 2n 2.
C. m = 2n
D. m = 2n + 2.
Cu 27. A14. Cho 0,1 mol andehit X phn ng ti a vi 0,3 mol H2, thu c 9 gam ancol Y. Mt khc 2,1 gam X
tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c m gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l :
A. 21,6.
B. 16,2.
C. 10,8.
D. 5,4.
Cu 28. B07 t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X (mch h) to ra b mol CO 2 v c mol H2O (bit b = a + c).
Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. X thuc dy ng ng anehit
A. no, n chc.
B. khng no c hai ni i, n chc.
C. khng no c mt ni i, n chc.
D. no, hai chc.
Cu 29. B07 Khi oxi ha hon ton 2,2 gam mt anehit n chc thu c 3 gam axit tng ng. Cng thc ca
anehit l (cho H = 1, C = 12, O = 16)
A. HCHO.
B. C2H3CHO.
C. C2H5CHO.
D. CH3CHO.
Cu 30. B08. Oxi ho 1,2 gam CH3OH bng CuO nung nng, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp sn phm X
(gm HCHO, H2O, CH3OH d). Cho ton b X tc dng vi lng d Ag2O (hoc AgNO3) trong dung dch NH3,
c 12,96 gam Ag. Hiu sut ca phn ng oxi ho CH3OH l
A. 76,6%.
B. 80,0%.
C. 65,5%.
D. 70,4%.
Cu 31. B08. Ba cht hu c mch h X, Y, Z c cng cng thc phn t C 3H6O v c cc tnh cht : X, Z u phn
ng vi nc brom; X, Y, Z u phn ng vi H2 nhng ch c Z khng b thay i nhm chc; cht Y ch tc
dng vi brom khi c mt CH3COOH. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l:
A. C2H5CHO, CH2=CH-O-CH3, (CH3)2CO.
B.(CH3)2CO, C2H5CHO, CH2=CH-CH2OH.
C.C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO, CH2=CH-CH2OH.
D.CH2=CH-CH2OH, C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO.
Cu 32. B09. t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c X, thu c 0,351 gam H2O v 0,4368 lt kh CO2 ( ktc).
Bit X c phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim khi un nng. Cht X l
A. CH3COCH3.
B. O=CH-CH=O.
C. CH2=CH-CH2-OH.
D. C2H5CHO.

ANDEHIT -2014
Cu 33. B09. Hir ho hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong
dy ng ng thu c (m + 1) gam hn hp hai ancol. Mt khc, khi t chy hon ton cng m gam X th cn
va 17,92 lt kh O2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l
A. 10,5
B. 17,8
C. 8,8
D. 24,8
Cu 34. B09: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y l ng ng k tip, u tc dng vi Na v c phn ng trng bc. Bit
phn trm khi lng oxi trong X, Y ln lt l 53,33% v 43,24%. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y tng ng l
A. HO-CH2-CH2-CHO v HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHO
B. HO-CH(CH3)-CHO v HOOC-CH2-CHO
C. HO-CH2-CHO v HO-CH2-CH2-CHO
D. HCOOCH3 v HCOOCH2-CH3
Cu 35. B09. t chy hon ton 1 mol hp cht hu c X, thu c 4 mol CO2. Cht X tc dng c vi Na,
tham gia phn ng trng bc v phn ng cng Br2 theo t l mol 1 : 1. Cng thc cu to ca X l
A. HOOC-CH=CH-COOH
B. HO-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-CHO
C. HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHO
D. HO-CH2-CH=CH-CHO
Cu 36. B10. Dy cc cht u tc dng vi H2 (xc tc Ni, t0) to ra sn phm c kh nng phn ng vi Na l:
A. C2H3CH2OH, CH3COCH3, C2H3COOH.
B. C2H3CHO, CH3COOC2H3, C6H5COOH.
C. C2H3CH2OH, CH3CHO, CH3COOH.
D. CH3OC2H5, CH3CHO, C2H3COOH.
Cu 37. B10. Cho phn ng: 2C6H5-CHO + KOH C6H5-COOK + C6H5-CH2-OH. P/ ny chng t C6H5-CHO
A. va th hin tnh oxi ha, va th hin tnh kh.
B. ch th hin tnh oxi ha.
C. ch th hin tnh kh.
D. khng th hin tnh kh v tnh oxi ha.
Cu 38. B10. Hn hp M gm anhit X (no, n chc, mch h) v hircacbon Y, c tng s mol l 0,2 (s mol
ca X nh hn ca Y). t chy hon ton M, thu c 8,96 lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v 7,2g H2O. Hircacbon Y l
A. CH4
B. C2H2
C. C3H6
D. C2H4
Cu 39. B11. hiro ha hon ton 0,025 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit c khi lng 1,64 gam, cn 1,12 lt H 2
(ktc). Mt khc, khi cho cng lng X trn phn ng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3 th thu
c 8,64 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to ca hai anehit trong X l:
A. OHC-CH2-CHO v OHC-CHO
B. H-CHO v OHC-CH2-CHO
C. CH2=C(CH3)-CHO v OHC-CHO
D. CH2=CH-CHO v OHC-CH2-CHO
Cu 40. B11. Hn hp X gm hai anehit n chc Y v Z (bit phn t khi ca Y nh hn ca Z). Cho 1,89 gam
X tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 18,36 gam
Ag v dung dch E. Cho ton b E tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c 0,784 lt CO 2 (ktc). Tn ca Z l:
A. anehit propionic
B. anehit butiric
C. anehit axetic
D. anehit acrylic
Cu 41. B11. Hn hp M gm mt anehit v mt ankin (c cng s nguyn t cacbon). t chy hon ton x mol
hn hp M, thu c 3x mol CO2 v 1,8x mol H2O. Phn trm s mol ca anehit trong hn hp M l:
A. 20%
B. 50%
C. 40%
D. 30%
Cu 42. B11. Cho cc pht biu sau:
Anehit va c tnh oxi ha va c tnh kh
(a)
Phenol tham gia phn ng th brom kh hn benzen
(b)
Anehit tc dng vi H2 (d) c xc tc Ni un nng, thu c ancol bc mt
(c)
Dung dch axit axetic tc dng c vi Cu(OH) 2
(d)
Dung dch phenol trong nc lm qu tm ha
(e)
Trong cng nghip, axeton c sn xut t cumen
(f)
S pht biu ng l
A. 5
B. 4
C. 3
D. 2
Cu 43. B12. Cho 0,125 mol anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dd AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 27 gam Ag.
Mt khc, hiro ha hon ton 0,25 mol X cn va 0,5 mol H2. Dy ng ng ca X c cng thc chung l:
A. CnH2n(CHO)2(n 0)
B. CnH2n-3CHO (n 2)
C. CnH2n+1CHO (n 0)
D. CnH2n-1CHO (n 2)
Cu 44. B13. Cho s phn ng: C2H2 XCH3COOH. Trong s trn mi mi tn l mt phn ng, X l:
A. CH3COONa.
B. C2H5OH.
C. HCOOCH3.
D. CH3CHO.
Cu 45. B14. Chia 20,8 gam hn hp gm hai anehit n chc l ng ng k tip thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn mt tc dng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 un nng, thu c 108 gam Ag.
- Phn hai tc dng hon ton vi H 2 d (xc tc Ni, to), thu c hn hp X gm hai ancol Y v Z (M Y < MZ).
un nng X vi H2SO4 c 140oC, thu c 4,52 gam hn hp ba ete. Bit hiu sut phn ng to ete ca Y
bng 50%. Hiu sut phn ng to ete ca Z bng
A. 40%.
B. 60%.
C. 30%.
D. 50%.

ANDEHIT -2014
Cu 46. B14. Anehit axetic th hin tnh oxi trong phn ng no sau y?
Ni, t 0
A. CH3CHO + H
CH3CH2OH
B. 2CH3-CHO + 5O2
2
C. CH3CHO + Br2 + H2O
CH3COOH + 2HBr
D. CH3CHO + 2AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O
CH3COONH4 + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3.

t0

4CO2 + 4H2O.

ANDEHIT -2014
4. Cho 0,94 gam hn hp 2 anehit no, n chc k tip nhau, c s mol bng nhau, tc dng ht vi dung dch
AgNO3(NH3) to 3,24g Ag. Cng thc phn t ca 2 anehit l.
A. CH3CHO v HCHO
B. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO
C. C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO
D. A hoc B
p n C

nAg

Gii

Trng hp 1.

3,24
= 0,03 mol
108

Nu s mol anehit =
M=

1
nAg = 0,015 mol
2

0,94
= 62,67
0,015

Vy 2 anehit l: C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO

Trng hp 2. Nu mt trong hai anehit l HCHO, s mol l x ta c
4x + 2x = 0,03 x =

M=

0,03
= 0,005mol
6

0,94
= 94 kt hp vi iu kin hai anhit l ng ng k tip, loi.
0,01

5. CxHyO2 l mt anehit mch h, no, 2 chc khi

A. y = 2x
B. y= 2x + 2
C. y = 2x 2
D. y = 2x 4
p n C
Gii
p dng cng thc CnH2n+2-2aO2 trong a l s lin kt i trong phn t cho anehit no, hai chc, ta c a = 2. Suy ra
cng thc anehit cho l CxH2x-2O2
6. Mt anehit no c dng (C2H3O)n th cng thc phn t ca anehit l:
A. C4H6O2
B. C6H9O2
C. C2H3O
D. C8H12O4
p n A
7. Hn hp Y gm 2 anehit ng ng k tip. t 2,62g hn hp Y to 2,912 lit CO 2 (ktc) v 2,34g H2O. Nu cho
1,31g Y. Tc dng vi AgNO3 d (NH3) c m(g) Ag kt ta.
a-2 anehit thuc loi:
A. cha no 2 chc c lin kt mch C
B. no n chc
C. no 2 chc
D. cha no n chc 1 lin kt
b- Cng thc 2 anehit l:
A. HCHO v C2H4O
C. C2H4O v C3H6O
c- Khi lng m (g) ca Ag l:
A. 5,4
B. 10,8
a. p n B
Gii

nCO2

2,912
22,4

nH 2O

B. C3H4O v C4H6O
D. C3H6O v C4H8O
C. 1,08

D. 2,16

= 0,13 mol

2,34
= 0,13 mol
18

V nCO2 nH 2O nn 2 anehit thuc loi no n chc

b. p n C

ANDEHIT -2014
t cng thc l CnH2nO
Ta c CnH2nO nCO2
(14n+16)/2,62 = n/0,13 n =2,6.
c. p n A
nAg = 2.nY = 2. 1,31/(14. 2,6+16) = 0,05 mol
m = 0,05. 108 = 5,4 (g). Vy chn A
8. Cho 6,0 gam anehit tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d trong (NH3) ta thu c 86,4gam Ag kt ta. Cng thc
anehit l:

CHO
A. HCHO
B. CHO
p n A
Hng dn gii
nAg =

C. CH2=CH-CHO

D. CH3-CH2-CHO

86, 4
= 0,8 mol
108

Nu n Anehit = 1/2 nAg = 0,8/2 = 0,4 mol

M =6/0,4 = 15 Khng c anehit no c khi lng mol l 15, (loi)
Nu n Anehit = 1/4 nAg = 0,8/4 = 0,2 mol
M = 6/0,2 = 30 (HCHO) .
9. Cho 1,97g fomalin tc dng vi AgNO3 d (NH3) c 5,4g Ag. C% ca HCHO trong fomalin l:
A. 19%
B. 38%
C. 40%
D. 27%
p n A
Hng dn

5, 4
= 0,0125 mol
4 108
0,0125. 30. 100%/
C% =
= 19%
1,97
nHCHO = 1/4 nAg =

10. Cho 13,6 g mt anehit X tc dng va vi 300ml dung dch AgNO3 2M (NH3) c 43,2g Ag. Bit dX/O2 =
2,125. CTCT ca X l:
A. CH3CH2 CHO
B. CH2=CH-CH-CH2CHO
C. CH3-CH=CH-CHO

D. CH C-CH2-CHO

p n D
Hng dn gii

nAgNO3 = 0,3. 2 = 0,6 mol

n Ag = 43,2/108 = 0,4 mol
V n Ag < nAgNO3 phn ng chng t X va tham gia trng gng va tham gia phn ng th kim loi X c lin kt
3 u mch.
Vy chn D
11. Hn hp X gm 2 anehit no n chc l ng ng k tip. Ly 8,9gam hn hp X cho phn ng vi dung dch
AgNO3 tan trong NH3 d to 86,4g Ag kt ta. Cng thc phn t ca 2 anehit l:
A. HCHO v CH3CHO
B. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO
C. C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO
D. Kt qu khc
p n A
Hng dn gii
nAg = 86,4/108 = 0,8 mol
Nu n Anehit = 1/2 nAg = 0,8/2 = 0,4 mol

ANDEHIT -2014
M =8,9/0,4 = 22,25 < MHCHO =30, do khng c anehit no tha mn loi.
Nh vy mt trong hai anehit l HCHO, t l mol gia HCHO v Ag l 1:4, anehit cn li c t l mol vi Ag l
1:2.
Vy chn A
12. Chia hn hp X gm 2 anehit n chc l ng ng k tip thnh 2 phn bng nhau.
- Phn 1 cho tc dng hon ton vi AgNO3 /NH3 to 10,8g Ag v hn hp cha 2 mui amoni ca 2 axit hu c.
- Phn 2 cho tc dng vi H2 d c Ni xc tc c 2,75g hai ancol.
a) S mol hn hp X l
A. 0,2 mol
B. 0,05 mol
C. 0,04mol
D. 0,1 mol
b) Cng thc phn t ca hai anehit l
A. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO
B. C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO
C. C3H7CHO v C4H9CHO
D. Khng d kin
Hng dn
a) p n D
V hn hp trng gng c 2 mui amoni ca axit hu c chng t hn hp khng c HCHO
n X = 1/2 nAg = 10,8/(2. 108) = 0,05 mol

(trong mi phn)

Vy s mol hn hp X ban u l 0,05. 2 = 0,1 mol

b) p n A
RCHO + H2

Ni ,t 0

RCH2OH

0,05mol 0,05mol
0,05mol
Khi lng hai ancol = 0,05.MAncol = 2,75g

2, 75
M Ancol= 0, 05 = 55 M Anehit = 55 - 2 = 53
44=M1 < M Anehit =53 < M2 = 58 hai anehit l CH3CHO v C2H5CHO.
13. Cho hn hp HCHO v H2 i qua ng ng bt Ni nung nng. Dn ton b hn hp thu c sau phn ng qua
bnh ng nc, thy khi lng bnh tng 23,6g. Ly dung dch trong bnh cho tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO 3
trong NH3 d thu c 43,2g Ag kim loi.
Khi lng CH3OH to ra trong phn ng cng hp hiro ca HCHO l:
A. 16,6g
B. 12,6g
C. 20,6g
D. 2,06g
Hy chn p n ng.
Hng dn

HCHO + H2

Ni
t0

CH3OH (1)

Hn hp sn phm thu c gm CH3OH v HCHO c khi lng l 23,6g.

Cho hn hp sn phm tc dng AgNO3/ NH3
HCHO + Ag2O

nHCHO = nAg = x

NH3

CO2 + H2O + 4Ag (2)

43, 2
= 0,1 mol
108

mHCHO = 0,1 x 30 = 3,0 (g)

mCH3OH 23,6 3 20,6(g)
p n C
14. X l mt este c to bi axit no n chc v ru no n chc c t khi hi i vi CH 4 l 5,5. Nu em un
2,2g este X vi dung dch NaOH d ta thu c 2,4 g mui. Cu to no sau y l ca X?
A. C2H5COOCH3
B. CH3COOC2H5
C. HCOOC3H7
D. HCOOCH3
Hy chn p n ng.

ANDEHIT -2014
Hng dn
MX = 5,5 x 16 = 88 loi phng n D v khi lng mol < 88.
nEste = n Mui =

2, 4
2, 2
= 0,025 MMui =
= 96
0, 025
88

Khi lng tng 96 - 88 = 8 MR = 23 - 8 = 15 hay R l -CH3

p n A.
15. un nng 0,1 mol cht A vi mt lng va dd NaOH thu c 9,2g mt ru n chC. Cho ru bay
hi 109,20C v 0,5atm th chim th tch l 12,544 lt. Cng thc no sau y ca A l ph hp?
A. C5H7 - COO - C2H5
C. C2H5OOC - COOC2H5
B. C5H7 - COOCH3
D. A, B, C u ng
Hy chn p n ng.
Hng dn
p dng phng trnh trng thi n =

0,5 12,544
PV
=
= 0,2 (mol).
RT 0,082(273 109,2)

S mol ru gp i s mol este, do ch c phng n C l ph hp.

p n C.
C. TRC NGHIM T GII
1. Mt hn hp X gm 2 ankanal l ng ng k tip khi b hiro ho hon ton cho ra hn hp 2 ancol c khi
lng ln hn khi lng ca X l 1,0 gam. t chy hon ton X cho ra 30,8g CO 2. Cng thc phn t v s gam 2
ankanal trong hn hp l
A. 9(g) HCHO v 4,4(g) CH3CHO
B. 18g HCHO v 8,8(g) CH3CHO
C. 4,5(g) HCHO v 4,4(g) CH3CHO
D. 9(g) HCHO v 8,8(g) CH3CHO.
p n D
2. Hp cht hu c A n chc, cho tc dng vi AgNO 3/NH3 to Ag kt ta. A cng vi Br2 theo t l 1: 2; A tc
dng H2 phn ng hon ton to 1,2g B. Lng B ny cho tc dng vi Na d to 0,224 lit H2 (ktc). Cng thc cu
to thu gn ca A, B l:
A. HCHO v CH3OH
B. CH2=CH-CH2-CHO v CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
C. CH2=CH-CHO v CH3-CH2CH2OH
D. CH3CHO v CH3CH2OH
p n C
3. Xc nh cu to ca hp cht X bit t chy hon ton 1 mol X to 4 mol CO 2. X cng Br2 theo t l mol 1:2, X
tc dng vi Na cho kh hiro v X trng gng
A. HO-CH=CH-CH2-CHO
B. CH3-CH2- CH=CH-CHO
C. CH3CH2CH2CHO
D. CH2=CH-CH2-CHO
p n A
4. Hp cht A c cng thc CnH 2n+2-2a-k(CHO)k vi gi tr no ca n, k, a khi A tc dng vi kh hiro cho ancol npropylic theo th t n, k, a l
A. 3, 1, 1
B. 2, 2, 0
C. 2, 1, 0
D. 3, 1, 2
p n A
5. CH3CHO c th iu ch trc tip t:
A. C2H5OH
B. C2H2
C. CH3COOCH=CH2
D. A, B, C ng
6. Tin hnh oxi ha 2,5 mol ru metylic thnh fomanehyt bng CuO ri cho fomanehit tan ht vo nc thu
c 160g dd fomalin 37,5%. Vy hiu sut phn ng oxi ha l bao nhiu?

ANDEHIT -2014
A. 90%
B. 80%
Hy chn p n ng.
p n B.
7. Cho phn ng
O
2R - C
+KOH
H

C. 70%

D. 60%.

R - C - OK + R - CH2 - OH
O
Phn ng trn thuc loi phn ng no sau y?
A. Phn ng trung ha
B. Phn ng t oxi ha - kh
C. Phn ng trao i
D. Phn ng este ha
Hy chn p n ng.
p n B.
8. Mt este c CTPT l C4H8O2 c to thnh t ru metylic v axit no sau y.
A. Axit fomic
B. Axit propionic
C. Axit axetic
D. Axit oxalic.
Hy chn p n ng.
p n C.
9. Phn t axit hu c c 5 nguyn t cacbon, 2 nhm chc, mch h cha no c 1 ni i mch C th CTPT l:
A. C5H6O4
B. C5H4O4
C. C5H10O4
D. C5H8O4
Hy chn p n ng.
p n A.
10. Axit hu c C5H10O2 c cng thc cu to no sau y ? Bit khi tc dng vi Cl2 (k: nh sng) vi t l mol 1:1
th ch cho mt sn phm th duy nht.
A. CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH
B. CH3CH2CHCOOH
CH3
C. CH3CHCH2COOH
CH3
CH3
D. CH3 C COOH
CH3
Hy chn p n ng.
p n D.
11. Hp cht X khi un nh vi dd AgNO 3/NH3 d c sn phm Y. Cho Y tc dng vi dd HCl hoc dd NaOH th
sn phm kh thu c u l cht kh v c. Vy X l cht no sau y th ph hp.
A. HCHO
B. HCOOH
C. HCOONH4
D. A, B, C u ph hp.
Hy chn p n ng.
p n B.
12. Este X c cng thc phn t dng tng qut l CnH2nO2.
Bit rng:

Y1
Y2

O
AgNO3/NH3

HCHO
Ag

Cng thc phn t no sau y ph hp vi X?

A. CH2O2
B. C2H4O2
C. C3H6O3
Hy chn p n ng.

D. C4H8O2

10

ANDEHIT -2014
p n B.
13. t chy 6,0g X ch cha nhm chc este ta thu c 4,48lCO 2 (ktc) v 3,6g H2O. Vy CTPT ca este X c th
l:
A. C4H8O2
B. C4H8O4
C. C3H6O2.
D. C2H4O2
Hy chn p n ng.
p n D.
14. t chy hon ton 7,4g hn hp hai este ng phn ta thu c 6,72l CO 2 (ktc) v 5,4gH2O. Cng thc cu to
ca hai este l:

A. CH3 - C - O - CH3 v H - C - O - CH2 - CH3

O

O
O

B. CH2 - O - C - CH3
CH2 - O - C - CH3

COO - CH2 - CH3

COO - CH2 - CH3

O
C. CH2 = CH - COO - CH3 v HOOC - CH2 - CH = CH2.
D. Phng n khc.
Hy chn p n ng.
p n A.
15. Mt anehit A c cng thc (C3H5O)n, n nhn gi tr no sau A l anehit no, mch h?
A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1
Hy chn p n ng.
p n C.

11