Trng Cao ng k thut Cao Thng Tp.

HCM

Bi ging mn o lng in

CHNG 3: O LNG IN
I.

CHC NNG V CCH S DNG THIT B O:

1.1 Chc nng :

Cc thit b o c chc nng cung cp cho chng ta kt qu o ca i lng ang kho st.
1.2 Cch s dng thit b o :
Gii thiu v ng h vn nng (VOM)
ng h vn nng ( VOM ) l thit b o khng th thiu
c vi bt k mt k thut vin in-in t no, ng h
vn nng thng dng thng c 4 chc nng chnh l o in
tr, o in p DC, o in p AC v o dng in.
u im ca ng h l o nhanh, kim tra c nhiu
loi linh kin, thy c s phng np ca t in , tuy nhin
ng h ny c hn ch v chnh xc v c tr khng thp
khong 20K/Vol do vy khi o vo cc mch cho dng thp
chng b st p.

* Hng dn o in p xoay chiu.

S dng ng h vn nng o p AC
Khi o in p xoay chiu ta chuyn thang o v cc thang
AC, thang AC cao hn in p cn o mt nc, V d
nu o in p AC220V ta thang AC 250V, nu ta
thang thp hn in p cn o th ng h bo kch kim,
nu thanh qu cao th kim bo thiu chnh xc.
Ch - ch :
Tuyt i khng thang o in tr hay thang o dng
in khi o vo in p xoay chiu => Nu nhm ng h
s b hng ngay lp tc !

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Bi ging mn o lng in

nhm thang o dng in, o vo ngun AC => s hng ng h

nhm thang o in tr, o vo ngun AC
=> s hng cc in tr trong ng h
* Nu thang o p DC m o vo ngun AC th kim ng h khng bo, nhng ng h khng
nh hng (i khi kim ln).
thang DC o p AC ng h khng ln kim tuy
nhin ng h khng hng
* Hng dn s dng thang o in tr
o kim tra in tr bng ng h vn nng
o tri s in tr ta thc hin theo cc bc sau :
Bc 1 : thang ng h v cc thang o tr, nu
in tr nh th thang x1 ohm hoc x10 ohm, nu
in tr ln th thang x1Kohm hoc 10Kohm. =>
sau chp hai que o v chnh trit o kim ng h
bo v tr 0 ohm.
Bc 2 : Chun b o
Bc 3 : t que o vo hai u in tr, c tr s
trn thang o , Gi tr o c = ch s thang o X
thang o
VD: nu thang x 100 ohm v ch s bo l 27 th
gi tr l = 100 x 27 = 2700 ohm = 2,7 K ohm
Bc 4: Nu ta thang o qu cao th kim ch ln
mt cht , nh vy c tr s s khng chnh xc.
Bc 5: Nu ta thang o qu thp , kim ln qu
nhiu, v c tr s cng khng chnh xc.
Khi o in tr ta chn thang o sao cho kim bo
gn v tr gia vch ch s s cho chnh xc cao
nht.
* Dng thang o in tr o kim tra t in
Ta c th dng thang in tr kim tra phng
np v h hng ca t in , khi o t in , nu l
t gm ta dng thang o x1K ohm hoc 10K ohm,
nu l t ho ta dng thang x 1 ohm hoc x 10 ohm.
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Bi ging mn o lng in

* Dng thang x 1K ohm kim tra t gm

Php o t gm trn cho ta bit :
T C1 cn tt => kim phng np khi ta o
T C2 b d => ln kim nhng khng tr v v tr c
T C3 b chp => kim ng h ln = 0 ohm v khng tr v.
* Dng thang x 10 ohm kim tra t ho
trn l php o kim tra cc t ho, t ho rt t khi b d hoc chp m ch yu l b kh ( gim
in dung) khi o t ho bit chnh xc mc hng
ca t ta cn o so snh vi mt t mi c cng in
dung.
trn l php o so snh hai t ho cng in dung,
trong t C1 l t mi cn C2 l t c, ta thy t C2
c phng np yu hn t C1 => chng t t C2 b
kh
(
gim
in
dung
)
Ch khi o t phng np, ta phi o chiu que o vi
ln xem phng np.
* Hng dn o in p mt chiu DC
Khi o in p mt chiu DC, ta nh chuyn thang o
v thang DC, khi o ta t que vo cc dng (+)
ngun, que en vo cc m (-) ngun, thang o cao
hn in p cn o mt nc. V d nu o p DC 110V
ta thang DC 250V, trng hp thang o thp hn
in p cn o => kim bo kch kim, trng hp
thang qu cao => kim bo thiu chnh xc.
Dng ng h vn nng o in p mt chiu DC
1.3 Cp chnh xc ca thit b o :
Sau khi c xut xng ch to, thit b o lng s
c kim nghim cht lng, c chun ho theo
cp tng ng v s c phng kim nghim nh cho cp chnh xc sau khi c xc nh sai s
cho tng tm o ca thit b. Do khi s dng thit b o lng, chng ta nn quan tm n cp
chnh xc ca thit b o c ghi trn thit b o.
1.4 Sai s trong o lng
Do nhiu nguyn nhn nn o lng khng th o c tr s chnh xc mt cch tuyt i
m phi c sai s. C cc loi sai s sau y:
Sai s c bn: l sai s vn c ca dng c o, do qu trnh ch to dng c gy ra.
Sai s ph: l sai s gy ra do phng php o khng chnh xc hoc do c nhn ngi s
dng dng c gy ra.
Mt i lng c tr s tht l A. Tr s o c l A th c cc sai s:
Sai s tuyt i:

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A = A A.

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Sai s tng i

Bi ging mn o lng in

A
A
.100
%
A
A

Cp chnh xc: nh gi chnh xc ca mt dng c o, ngi ta quy nh ra cp chnh

xc.
Cp chnh xc ca dng c l tr s ln nht cho php tnh theo phn trm ca sai s c bn so
vi tr s ln nht thang o.
Theo tiu chun o dng c c 8 cp chnh xc: 0,05 0,1 0,2 0,5 1,5 2,5 4.

II. O DNG IN V IN P
2.1 o dng in :
Thit b dng o dng in c gi l ampe k. Ampe k c mc ni tip vi ph
ti.
Khi dng in cn o nm trong gii hn dng ti a chu c ca c cu, c th cho
dng in chy trc tip qua ng h. Khi dng cn o ln, ta phi m rng tm o cho ampe k.
* o dng in mt chiu :
Cc c cu o t in, in t, in ng u hot ng vi dng mt chiu nn c dng
ch to nn ampe k mt chiu.
M rng tm o cho c cu o t in :
C cu t in c thay th bng mt in tr ni v c cu ch th :

Rm
Hnh 2.1
Rm : in tr ni ca c cu o.
Imax : dng in ti a cho php qua c cu o.
-

Dng c cu ny o dng in I (I > Imax), cn mc thm in tr shunt (Hnh 3.2).

I=Im+Is

Rm

Im

Rs

Is

in tr Shunt Rs c xc nh :
Hnh 2.2
Rs

I max .R m
I I max

i vi ampe k c nhiu tm o th dng nhiu in tr shunt c mc nh hnh 2.3a

hoc 2.3b.

Rm

Im

Rs
Rs
Rs
Hnh 2.3a

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Rm
I
Rs1

Bi ging mn o lng in

Im
Is

(1)

Rs3

Rs2

(2)
(3)
Hnh 2.3b
M rng tm o cho c cu o in t: thay i s vng dy qun cho cun dy c nh
vi lc t ng F khng i :
F = n1I1 = n2I2 = n3I3 =..
V du: F = 300(Ampe.Vng) cho 3 tm o I1 = 1A; I2 = 5A ; I3 = 10A.
Khi : n1 = 300 vng cho tm o I1.
n2 = 60 vng cho tm o I2.
n3 = 30 vng cho tm o I3.
M rng tm o cho c cu in ng : mc in tr shunt song song vi cun dy di
ng (tng t nh m rng tm o cho c cu t in).
* o dng in xoay chiu :
C cu in t v in ng u hot ng c vi dng xoay chiu. Do c th dng c
cu ny trc tip hoc m rng tm o dng nh cp phn trn. Ring c cu t in
khi dng phi bin i dng AC thnh DC.
Mch o dng in xoay chiu dng c cu o t in kt hp vi chnh lu bng diod :

Rm
Iclt

Hnh 2.4
Rm

Icltb

Dng in qua diod ni tip vi c cu t in l dng in xoay chiu chnh lu thnh

dng mt chiu. Tr trung bnh ca dng in chnh lu :Hnh 2.5
I cltb

1T
i cl dt I max
T0

Nu dng in xoay chiu c dng :

i = Im sint.
Khi nu dng phng php chnh lu bn k (hnh 2.4) th Icltb = 0.318 2 I hd
V nu dng phng php chnh lu ton k (hnh 2.5) th Icltb = 0 .636 2 I hd
Trng hp dng in AC c dng bt k th Icltb c tr s ph thuc vo dng v tn s ca
tn hiu.
M rng tm o : dng in tr shunt

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Bi ging mn o lng in

Rm
Rs

Is

Hnh 2.6
Khi in tr Shunt c xc nh nu dng in xoay chiu c dng sin :
VD R m I max
RS

0,318 2

I S (RMS)

M rng tm o : dng bin dng.

Theo nguyn l hot ng ca bin dng, ta c:
n1 I 1
n

I 2 1 .I 1
n2 I 2
n2

n1

Ti

n2

Chn s vng dy n1 ca cun s cp mc trong mch cn o rt nh so vi s vng n2 ca

cun th cp mc vi c cu o. Thay i s vng dy s thay i thang o theo t s n1/ n2
Khi s dng tuyt i khng h mch th cp v lc in p 2 u mch th cp c
th rt ln gy nguy him cho thit b v ngi s dng.
Ampe k km l mt dng kt hp c bit ca c cu o vi bin dng.
Mch t ca my bin dng trong ampe k km c th ng h c nh mt chic km.
Khi cn o dng in chy qua dy dn, ta m km kp dy dn vo, sau khp kn km, dy dn
c dng in cn o lc ny ng vai tr cun s cp my bin dng vi s vng n1 = 1.
Trn mch t ta mc thm cun th cp n2 vng hai u cun th cp c ni vi c cu
o t s bin dng l 1/ n2.
Ampe km l thit b o rt tin li v khi cn o dng in chy qua mt dy dn no ,
ta khng cn ngt mch in mc dng c o vo nh cc ampe k khc.

Ch : khi o dng in chy qua ng c cn lu n dng khi ng chn thang o

thch hp.
Khi s dng ampe km mun chuyn tm o phi tch km ra khi mch cn o, ampe km
ch o c dng xoay chiu.
2.2 o in p :
Thit b dng o in p c gi l vn k.
Vn k c mc song song vi ph ti.
Khi in p cn o to ra dng in nm trong gii hn dng ti a chu c ca c cu,
c th o trc tip.
Khi in p cn o ln, ta phi m rng tm o cho vn k.
o in p mt chiu :
Cc c cu o t in, in t, in ng u hot ng vi dng xoay chiu nn c
dng ch to nn vn k mt chiu.
M rng tm o cho c cu o t in :

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Bi ging mn o lng in

C cu t in c thay th bng mt in tr ni v c cu ch th (Hnh 3.9):

Rm
V
Hnh 2.9
Rm : in tr ni ca c cu o.
Imax : dng in ti a cho php qua c cu o.
in p o c chuyn thnh dng in o i qua c cu ch th :
I o

Vo
Rm

Dng c cu ny o in p Vo (to ra Io > Imax), cn mc thm in tr R

Im

Rm
V

Is

Hnh 2.10
in tr R c xc nh :

I o I max

Vo max
V
R o max R m
R Rm
I max

Tng tr vo ca vn k :
Z = R + Rm
nhy ca vn k :
-

Z
k / V
Vo

i vi vn k c nhiu tm o th dng nhiu in tr c mc nh hnh 2.11a hoc

2.11b

Rm

Im

R1

(1)

R2

(2)

R3

(3)

V
Hnh 2.11a

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Im

Rm

Bi ging mn o lng in

R1

R2

R3
(2)
(3)

(1)

V
Hnh 2.11b
o in p xoay chiu :
Tng t nh phn o dng in xoay chiu, mch o in p xoay chiu dng c cu o t
in kt hp vi chnh lu bng diod :
R

D1

Rm

D2

Hnh 2.12

VAC( RMS ) R R m I hd VD( RMS)

Rm
Hnh 2.13

VAC( RMS ) R m .I hd 2.VD( RMS )

III. O IN TR
3.1 o in tr bng vn k v ampe k :
Rx
A
E

Rx
A
E

Hnh 3.1a

V
Hnh 3.1b

y l phng php xc nh phn t in tr ang hot ng (o nng) theo yu cu. C

hai cch mc o in tr.

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Bi ging mn o lng in

H3.1a: Vn k mc trc ampe k mc sau (li mc r di). Khi in tr cn o Rx

c xc nh bi :
Rx

V
I

V : s ch ca vn k.
I : s ch ca ampe k.
H3.1b: Ampe k mc trc vn k mc sau (li mc r ngn). in tr cn o Rx vn
c xc nh bi :
V
Rx
I
V : s ch ca vn k.
I : s ch ca ampe k.
3.2 Mch o in tr trong VOM :
Trong my o vn nng (V.O.M) c phn o in tr (Ohm k).Trong trng hp dng Ohm
k o in tr th trng thi o l phn t in tr o RX khng c nng lng (o ngui) mch
o s l ngun c nng lng ring (ngun pin).
* Mch o in tr thc t :
Trong thc t ngun pin Eb c th thay i. Khi Rx 0, Im qua c cu khng bng Imax do
mch o c th mc thm R2 (H.3.5) bin tr ny dng chnh im 0 cho mch o khi E b
thay i. Nh vy, trc khi o ta phi ngn mch AB, iu chnh R2 sao cho Ohm k ch 0
.
Rx

R1

Rm
Ib

Im
R2

I2

Hnh 3.2
Theo mch trn dng Ib :
Ib

Eb
R x R 1 R 2 // R m

nu R2 // Rm << R1 th :
Ib

Nh vy, in p Vm :

Eb
R x R1

Vm I b R 2 // R m

Dng Im qua c cu ch th : I m Vm I b R 2 // R m
Rm

Rm

Do mi ln o cho Rx 0 iu chnh R2 cho :

E
R // R m
Im b 2
I max
R1
Rm
cho khi Eb c s thay i th s ch th Rx s khng thay i.

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Bi ging mn o lng in

3.3 o in tr t:
Cc o in tr t : thanh dn in bng kim loi (thng bng ng) hoc nhiu thanh
dn in c ng xung t, vng t cn o in tr, khi chng ta c cc t. Sau
cc cc t ny c ni vo mch o bng nhng dy dn in.
in tr t : in tr ca vng t cn o tip xc vi cc t s c xc nh bi in p
ri trn in tr t khi c dng in i qua n. Trong thc t in tr t ph thuc vo iu
kin mi trng xung quanh (nhit , m), thnh phn ca t.
Khong cch gia cc cc t : cho in tr t kho st cc cc t khng nh hng
vi nhau (ngha l cc in tr cc A l RA khng b nh hng bi vng t ca cc B c
in tr t l RB). hai cc t cch nhau 20m s c in tr t khng nh hng ln nhau.
Ngun in p cung cp cho mch o : ngun tn hiu cung cp cho mch o l ngun tn
hiu xoay chiu dng sin hoc xung vung. Chng ta trnh dng ngun DC do nh hng ca
in gii s lm tng sai sdo in th in cc. Nu dng in li in lc th phi dng
bin p cch ly trnh nh hng dng trung tnh v cc t ca dy trung tnh.
* Mch o in tr t dng vn k v ampe k :
- Phng php trc tip :
Mch o c mc nh hnh :

Vs

A
V
B

20

20

Cc A : cc o in tr t Rx.
Coc B : cc ph o in p.
Cc C : Cc ph o dng in.
Theo mch tng ng ca in tr t cc A, B, C :
Ta c :
VAB = RA.I + RB.IV
Ta c : I = I + IV m IV << I I I
Nn
VAB RA.I RA.I
RA = VAB

I
I

A
Iv

Vy in tr t cc A c xc nh bi tr s c trn vn k v ampe k.
- Phng php o gin tip :
Trong trng hp ny ta o in tr t ca tng hai cc :
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Bi ging mn o lng in

Vs

A
V
C

20m

20m

RA
RB
Vn k v ampe k s cho gi tr in tr ca tng hai cc :
RA RB

RC

V1
I1

Sau , ln lt o cho cc A - C v B C ta c :
RA RC
RB RC

V2
I2

V3
I3

Sau gii ba phng trnh ta xc nh c RA, RB, RC.

IV. O CNG SUT V IN NNG

Cng sut v nng lng l cc i lng c bn ca h thng in. Cc i lng ny lin
quan nhiu n nn kinh t quc dn. Do vic xc nh cng sut v nng lng l nhim v rt
quan trng
Trong thc t , ngi ta phn thnh cc loi cng sut sau
Cng sut thc hay cn gi l cng sut hu ch P (Watt)
Cng sut phn khng , cn gi l cng sut v cng Q (VAr)
Cng sut biu kin hay cng sut danh nh S (VA)
Tm o ca cng sut t 10 -20W n 1010W v gii tn s t 0 n 109 Hz
i vi mch in mt chiu , cng sut thc c xc nh theo biu thc
U2
2
P = U.I = I .R =
R
Vi mch in xoay chiu hnh sin , cng sut thc c xc nh theo biu thc
P = U . I . cos
Trong U , I l cc gi tr in p hiu dng , cng
dng in hiu dng v cos l h s cng sut
Biu thc tnh cng sut phn khng l
Q = U . I . sin
Biu thc tnh cng sut biu kin
S =

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Bi ging mn o lng in

Ngoi cc thng s cng sut in , cn c mt thng s quan trng l nng lng W . l

cng sut tiu th ca mch in trong khong thi gian t1 t2
t2

Nng lng c tnh theo biu thc W =

t1

t2

Pdt = UIcosdt
t1

RA

RA
V

RT

V
RV

RV

Ampere ke mac trong

RT

Ampere ke mac ngoai

4.1. o cng sut in:

xc nh cng sut mch in mt chiu hoc mch in xoay chiu c ti l thun tr ,
ta c th s dng ng h vn v ng h ampere
Phng php mc ampere trong : phng php ny c s dng trong trng hp in
tr cn o c gi tr ln hoc ni tr ca ampere k c gi tr nh
Phng php mc ampere ngoi : phng php ny c s dng trong trng hp in
tr cn o RX c gi tr nh hoc volt k c gi tr ln . Phng php ny c sai s tng i ln v
khi ti thay i ta khng th cng lc c chnh xc tr s ampere v vn . Mt khc phi s dng
cng thc tnh ton sau khi o
Cng sut in c xc nh theo biu thc sau:
P = U . I = I2. R =

U2
R

* Cch mc dy watt k
Do watt k in ng c cc tnh , cho nn khi o pha ca mt trong hai cun dy , watt k
s quay ngc v vy cc cun dy c nh u u u trnh lm kim watt k quay ngc
v khi ni cn phi ni cc u dy c du * vi nhau
Watt k in ng thng c nhiu thang o theo dng v p . Gii hn o theo cng
dng in l 5A v 10A , theo in p l 150V v 300 V. Gii tn t 0 n hng KHz , cp chnh
xc c th t t 0.1 n 0.2% tn s thp hn 200Hz . Do khi o mun c gi tr cho ng ,
ta cn hi xc nh hng s watt k CW ( v watt k c nhiu gii hn o ) ng thi phi ch n
cc tnh ca cc cun dy:
Um Im
CW =
(W / vch )
am
Um l c o in p chn
Im
l c o dng in chn
am s vch chia gii hn trn watt k
Gi s khi o , kim ch vch th a th cng sut mch l
PW = CW a (vi a l s vch kim ch thc t trn ng h o )
Nu s dng watt k o dng in v p ln (thng qua my bin p v my bin dng)
th cng sut thc t l:
P = PW KU KI
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Bi ging mn o lng in

Hnh a: dng in qua ti bng dng in qua cun dy tnh

Khi mc nh s hnh a im ni chung gia hai cun dy gn ngun
Hnh b: dng in qua cun tnh bng tng dng in qua cun dy p v cun dy ti
Mc mch nh hnh b
*
*

RP

*
*

RP

RT

Hnh a

RT

Hnh b

4.2. o cng sut mch in ba pha

* Mch ba pha i xng
a. Mch ba pha 4 dy
i vi mch in ba pha c ti i xng ,
ta ch cn s dng mt watt k o cng sut
mt pha,ri sau ta nhn vi 3 s c gi tr
cng sut cho ton b mch in. Php o c
thc hin nh sau:
Cng sut mt pha

*
W

RT

C
N

Nguon
I1

PW = Up Ip cos
Cng sut ba pha

I2

P3p = 3 . PW
A

*
W

V2

V1
MBA

b. Mch ba pha 3 dy
*

*
W

*
W1

B
RT

C
R

RT

B
C

Hnh a
Cng sut ba pha c xc nh theo biu thc:

W2
*

Hnh b

P3p = 3 . PW
Ngoi ra , ta cng c th s dng 2 watt k xc nh cng sut in cho ton mch . S
u dy nh hnh b . Cng sut ba pha c xc nh theo biu thc
P3p = PW1 + PW2
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Bi ging mn o lng in

* Mch in ba pha khng i xng

a. Mch ba pha bn dy
xc nh cng sut in , ta phi s dng 3 watt k
Cng sut ton mch c xc nh theo biu thc sau P3p = PW1 + PW2 + PW3
b. Mch ba pha ba dy
Thc hin tng t nh mch ba pha i xng
4.3. o cng sut phn khng
a. o trc tip bng watt k phn khng mt pha (VAR k)
Watt k phn khng c cu to tong t nh watt k
in ng , nhng lm lch pha cun dy in p ,
ngi ta mc ni tip mt cun dy cm hay mt t in
nh hnh v
RU
Tng t nh watt k, gc quay ca kim cng t l vi
dng in qua cun dy dng v cun dy p , ng thi
L
cng ph thuc sin ca gc lch pha gia dng in v in Unguon
p . Do gc quay t l vi cng sut phn khng

I
R

b. Cch o cng sut phn khng

Vic o cng sut phn khng tong t nh o cng
sut hu ch c trnh by trn.Ngoi cch o cng sut bng watt k , ta cng c th o gin
ti bng vn k v ampere k nhng phng php ny cho kt qu khng chnh xc nn t c s
dng .
4.4. o in nng
a. Khi nim chung: in nng l sn phm chnh ca ngnh in vic o in nng c ngha
rt ln v mt kinh t v k thut . Nng lng in trong mch in xoay chiu mt pha c xc
t2

nh theo biu thc

W=

Pdt

t1

t2

= UIcosdt = K . P . t

t1

Trong
P l cng sut tiu th trn ph ti
t = t2 t1 l khong thi gian ph ti tiu th in
K l h s
Cng t in c ch to da trn c cu ch th cm ng , gm hai phn chnh l phn tnh
v phn ng
Phn tnh gm c cun dy dng in c mc ni tip vi ph ti nn cun dy c c dy
ln nhng t vng dy , cun dy in p mc song song vi ph ti , nn c s vng dy nhiu
nhng c dy nh . Mt nam chm vnh cu hnh ch U t vung gc vi da nhm to ra
moment hm .
Phn ng gm mt a nhm mng c ng knh t 80 n 100 mm b dy 0.5mm c
gn vi trc , ni lin vi h s c kh (h thng bnh rng ) hin th
Khi c dng in chy qua ph ti v qua cun dy dng in , s sinh ra t thng 1 ct da
nhm hai ln . in p U c t vo cun dy in p , dng in IU cun dy p to thnh hai
t thng 2 . Cc t thng ny xuyn qua da nhm v cm ng trong da nhm cc sc in ng
cm ng nn to ra cc dng in xoy . Cc dng in xoy ny nm trong t trng ca nam
chm in to bi cun dy dng v cun dy p nn n chu lc tc dng v to thnh moment
quay .
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Trng Cao ng k thut Cao Thng Tp.HCM

Bi ging mn o lng in

V cun dy p c nhiu vng dy nn h s t cm L ng k so vi cun dng nn c th

xem in p lch pha 900 so vi dng in . Tc ng tng h gia t thng 1 v 2 vi cc
dng in xoy to thnh moment lm quay da nhm , moment quay c xc nh theo biu thc
Mq = k1 I U cos = k 1 P
Di tc dng ca moment quay , da nhm quay vi tc n . Dng in xoy kt hp vi t
trng do nam chmvnh cu to thnh moment hm da nhm
MC = k2 n
Khi da nhm quay u , ta c
Mc = Mq hay k2 n = k1 P
k2
Suy ra P =
n
k1
Nh vy , in nng tiu th c xc nh W = P . t =
Trong

k2
n . t = CN
k1

C : hng s thc ca cng t in

N : s vng quay thc t ca da nhm

Vy:
S vng quay ca da nhm trong khong thi gian t t l thun vi in nng tiu th. T
s vng quay ca da nhm, ta xc nh c in nng tiu th
Mi cng t in c t trng bi cc thng s sau
nhy
Sm
( vng/KWh )
1
Hng s nh mc cng t
Cm =
(KWh/vng )
Sm
Hng s thc t ca cng t

C=

Pt
N

(KWh/vng )

b. Cch mc cng t in mt pha

Khi lp t cng t in, ta phi u cc u dy ng theo s hng dn ca hng sn
xut . Mi loi cng t in c mt kiu mc dy ring nhng vn m bo nguyn tt cun dng
mc ni tip vi ph ti, cun dy p song song vi ph ti

2
1

Ty theo cch u cc u dy cun dng v cun p m ta c cch u dy khc nhau . S

u dy thng c ghi trn np cng t in .
c. Cch mc cng t in ba pha
Cng t in ba pha c cu to tng t nh cng t in mt pha. Cch mc cng t in
ba pha 3 phn t nh sau: loi cng t in ny c 3 cun dy dng in v 3 cun dy in p ,
cc u dy cun dng v cun p c u li vi nhau a ra ngoi 7, 8 hoc 11 u dy (nu
Chuyn 1

Trang 15

Trng Cao ng k thut Cao Thng Tp.HCM

Bi ging mn o lng in

c s dng my bin dng). Cch mc cng t in loi ny tng t nh cch mc watt k 3 pha
3 phn t.
Cng t in ba pha 3 phn t c s dng o in nng trong h thng in ba pha 4
dy ( c dy trung tnh ). S u dy nh hnh v:
Khi dng in i qua ph ti c tr
s ln hn nhiu so vi dng in nh
mc ca cng t in 3 pha , ta phi kt
hp vi 3 my bin dng. Gi tr thc s l
tch s ca t s my bin dng KI vi gi
tr o c trn cng t in
Lu :
Khi chn my bin dng , ta phi cn
c vo cng sut ca ph ti chn dng
in my bin dng ph hp
TAI

V d
Nu ph ti c dng in nh mc trong khong 100A > Ipt > 50A th ta chn TI c t s
KI l 100/5 hoc 150/5
Nu ph ti c dng in nh mc trong khong 150A > Ipt > 100A th ta chn TI c t s
KI l 150/5 hoc 200/5.

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