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ThS. H c Lnh
Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin i hc ng
TM TT
Hin nay, cc k thut x l nh s trn my tnh ang c rt nhiu nh
nghin cu quan tm v pht trin, trong c x l hnh thi hc trn nh. Bi
v x l hnh thi hc trn nh cung cp cho chng ta nhng m t nh lng v
cu trc v hnh dng hnh hc ca cc i tng trong nh da trn nhng l
thuyt trong ton hc nh l thuyt tp hp, hnh hc tp, xc sut, .v.v. v n
ang c ng dng rng ri trong nhiu ng dng nh pht hin bin, phn
on i tng, gim nhiu, tm xng nh .v.v. Trong cc ng dng th gic
my tnh, x l hnh thi hc c th c s dng nhn dng i tng, nng
cao cht lng nh, phn on nh v kim tra khuyt im trn nh. Cc php
ton x l hnh thi hc c thc hin ch yu trn nh nh phn v nh xm.
Trong bi bo ny ti gii thiu cc php ton x l hnh thi hc trn nh nh
phn v nh xm, mt s ng dng ca x l hnh thi hc ang c ng dng
rng ri hin nay.
ABSTRACT
In curentlly, image processing techniques on the computer is being tremenduosly
and development by a lot of research, and among them, mathematical
morphological have been continously receiving attention. It is because
methermatical morphology provides quantitative description of geometric
structure and shape of objects in image based on mathermatical theories such as
set theory, topology, probability, etc and has been applied widely too many
applications such as edge detection, object segmentation, noise suppression,
skeleton and so on [6][7]. In industrial vision applications, mathermatical
morphology can be use to implement object reconization, image enhancement,
segmentation, and defect inspection[1]. Morphological operations processing
carried out mainly on binary and gray images. In this paper, I introduction the
mathematical operations processing on binary images and gray images and
some applications of morphological processing are widely used nowadays.
Keywords: Image processing, Mathematical morphology, Morphological image
analysis, Binary Morphological, Grayscale morphology, image processing and
recognization.
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1. Gii thiu
Cc k thut x l nh s trn my tnh ang c rt nhiu nh nghin cu quan
tm v pht trin. S pht trin ca hnh thi hc l s kit hp gia l thuyt, ng
dng, phng php v cc thut ton [1]. Trong , cc phng php mi c a ra
nhm gii quyt nhng vn trong thc t, l thuyt kim chng tnh chnh xc ca
cc phng php, v pht trin cc thit b phn cng chuyn dng hoc cc thut ton
hiu qu thc thi trn my tnh. S kt hp ny c th hin ti hnh 1.
CC NG
DNG
Hng i
quy
th
Kin trc lung v song song
Thut ton cho cc bi ton v tch hp
mch in t.
CC THUT
TON
X L
HNH THI
HC
CC PHNG
PHP & L
THUYT
Lc nh
Phn on v phn lp nh
o lng nh
Nhn dng mu
Phn tch kt cu
H(i, j) 0,1
Mt s hnh dng ca phn t cu trc thng c s dng trn nh nh phn:
dng ng theo chiu ngang v dc, hnh vung, hnh ellipse,...[3].
Phn th hai: Mt mng hai chiu c kch thc bng vi kch thc ca mng
hai chiu phn th nht nhng cha cc gi tr thc ca phn t cu trc.
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Hnh 4. Ma trn gi tr thc tng ng vi hng xm trong phn t cu trc khng phng.
b. Php co nh Erosion
Xt tp hp A v tp hp B (Phn t cu trc), php co nh nh phn ca tp hp
A bi phn t cu trc B c k hiu A B v vit di dng cng thc nh sau:
A B = z | ( B) Z A
Php co nh nh phn ca tp hp A bi phn t cu trc B l tp hp cc im z
(z nm tm im ca phn t cu trc B) sao cho Bz l tp con ca A.
A B z | B A
e. Php ng nh Closing
Vi tp hp A l nh gc, B l phn t cu trc. l k hiu php ng nh.
Khi php ng nh ca tp hp A bi phn t cu trc B, k hiu l ( A B) , xc nh
bi:
( A B ) = ( A B)
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,
Hnh 9. Phn t cu trc phng
3. Cc ng dng
3.1. Trch lc bin nh Boundary extraction
trch lc bin ca nh nh phn A, chng ta thc hin hai bc sau:
u tin, thc hin php n mn/php co nh vi phn t cu trc B
Sau , thc hin kh nn ca nh A bng cch ly nh gc A tr cho nh
thc hin bc 1.
Nh vy, chng ta c th trch lc bin ca nh A, k hiu l Ap vi mt phn t
cu trc B bng cng thc sau [5][8]:
Ap = A (A B)
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(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Hnh 12. Trch lc bin ca i tng: (a) nh gc, (b) hnh dng ca phn t cu trc,
(c) nh sau khi thc hin php co nh vi phn t cu trc, (d) nh kt qu theo cng thc
trch lc bin.
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(a)
(b)
Thut ton gn nhn cc thnh phn lin thng vi s hng xm l 8 (N8) thc
hin nh sau:
-
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(a)
(b)
Hnh 15. Kt qu ca thc hin trch lc thnh phn lin thng trong nh
3.4.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
3.5.
(a)
(b)
3.6.
(c)
(d)
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Trong ,
(a)
(b)
3.7.
Xng ca mt mu i tng sau khi thc hin lm mng thng xut hin
nhng nhnh nhiu ngn trong nh, v vy xng nh cn phi c lm sch trc
khi a vo khu x l tip theo trong m hnh x l nh tng qut. Qu trnh lm
sch ny gi l ct ta nh. cc bc ct ta nh c thc hin qua cc bc sau [8]:
B1: Thc hin lm mng i tng.
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Trong , {B}= {B1, B2, B3,... B8} l phn t cu trc c hnh dng nh sau (cc gi
tr mang du x trong phn t cu trc l phn t chng ta khng quan tm):
(a)
(b)
(c)
Hnh 21. Kt qu ca php ct ta nh: (a) nh gc, (b) nh gc sau khi thc hin tm xng
nh, (c) kt qu sau khi thc hin ct ta nh xng i tng
4. Kt lun
Trong lnh vc x l v phn tch nh, mt trong nhng cng vic quan trng l
trch lc c nhng c trng ca i tng, m t hnh dng v nhn dng mu. Mt
trong nhng nhim v thng cp n khi nim hnh hc ca i tng, v d nh
kch thc, hnh dng v hng ca i tng trong nh [2]. X l hnh thi hc c
hnh thnh t l thuyt tp hp, hnh hc v hnh hc topo, ... phn tch cc cu trc
hnh hc trong nh.
Trong bi bo ny, ti gii thiu nhng thut ton c s trong x l hnh thi
hc, v gii thiu nhng thut ton v ng dng ph bin hin nay ca x l hnh
thi hc trn nh nh phn v nh xm. Mt trong nhng vn quan trng trong cc
thut ton x l hnh thi hc l tm v s dng cu trc phn t ph hp c c
kt qu tt nht. Hu ht cc thut ton x l hnh thi hc u da trn nhng thut
ton c bn nh php co nh, gin nh, ng nh v m nh.
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