Scope ot Ther mo Agnamtcs osfia jie© In this class, we Will Atsenee the four ing trpics: @ lohart is Tre rine diy n mice 7 @ Why Ao we, Gy Chemical engineers, nea to sh ay |lenn ther ma Atjn Anis 1 @ Hes cle we Use thermetynamiia ft Solve chemi eck engineering Problem: ? Whot is thermody nemics ? [n a literee Sense , thermo Agnemice ts the pewer chevels ped from heat. Thngh frye Selence of trermoctynamics Wes olevele pet in the (9h * centare Atscrilbe tre bebavin Shean engine, the principles Observed th A walthA fer tng ines Can be Fenatly ape lied to other Engineering problems. These principles of Aaws lead trey matnemebcee aAeoluehon to A network equatinn. Thtise tauahen find KuUneraco epplicetims In Scienre 4 engineering.Ba to Tesh 2 mocteee. Ce . Classlenr thermo tynamics 's me ee fue very. few mebve finde haracteriyet ce ~~ er vett-Aefined, Safe emsistent bo way Gp lennolenge . The 2esence

Ch,P) We are interested In calculatin tue Changes in internad meron U0 niopy Ss. Solutim : Fron trermodynamic Peasmin pwe me ice tyet, fer a vemstent mole ry stem, Uc: U(7, 2) e- AUS ) AT + Be) AT aT /p We Can adcopt tne Pollasing poy© th 8) i (1.7) TO (hw Constant P Constant T Th PL pu: {(24) ar + (@) Ee 1, aT /p, oT t, y Fon thera dynamics, We Can weurnte the eve AtrivetiVeg 52 tat we FL e, - +22) a ff (2), 4p Cr) dp Similarly we Con Shed tno.t Th h As = | Sar - [( (av +t at), a" 1 p Note tyet tree vesults are JeneradEnd Ao net depend on tre mMoteriat However, he proper Hes Sua ao Cn £ V ond ho sedge’ wim Th Po are Makesat Shee Thus, f es Qu £ As, we require tre tualuah'on J Property eae = 4, (uP) cf Ge)Example & St porahonr plays an important vele in Aemicelh Lnagincervir sed. The Jo-t Con le tf ts lar sept Produ cls, ¥emove Cotaminants Tecycle unartacted rad Moteriats. For example, Sr Coming at ~ Coet-Prok Prwer plant may have “fp be eaphired £ Sequestered. he Mmising hed technology thot is bein invest al iS ~ bare an novel Solvents “knron a. Tonic liquide. In Ais Case the phere 24quilibrie problem is the fellow ing - a Co, mh, Frye c r Tonic Wauia Aria given temperature 2 fre Ssure,We ore to Aetermine the vapor € UWqusrt phase Campos itens. tee nu Cor, ee 4 tro % see, Jey 4 Jap@ The foest 2 Ssecmnar lave rermooly nami'ce provide tne phase eq aitibdam Criterion | What lo we pews t + - rt : pv = pe L fajecibher oe jue ere qual NM l f,, = Fine v ik foe f. Vv L Fu, = Fa. In aaditin, We Need AT knn has Pugechee Nar A qd) te &, dee £ (7.2.5, Whit con y coleuletet f en equehon tet Cos) i wwe ta 3 & s J nEy ample SS) Let's casiaer tne following hy potyehcet veackm lvuja, + Mila, +2. by] + bylae += TAP mer got is a find wt } prauch d Given due equilibrium aistibuhin vee ctants. Once Ajen tre fiest 4 second laos | Ahermo dyna mics give us In Ka - Ac? Ro cee tel Frem tyre available Ata or Covetehan, We tvaluake thre Aesired thermoctyneamic QuenthsesRat= Aa’ (AH® Ast 7) 444° 2 tlap,G,,x;) Ah As” = + (a, cy) Fram the previa turce examples, iF is evident tnet tre Solutim to a thrermodgnanic voblam @an be Lrelcen down inte tree steps: © Problem Pefinitia 4 ean pelicah'an Fy => Werme dynamic Law + meathemahcet amcenat EValuacthm ty Pry sicor Property aa Step wi is genset 4 He anys vs In Atpenctent tre re Waker a 4 + Step 3: Properties are System specific.@ To solve thermodynamic preblons we nted to Atscuss &% number twmcept & quanhte, Cvariegles) whitey are “integret classtcot tntemodyna mics. System Clear Acfinet Vegi IN terms oT Spatich Cervetinalag treat can be in a fixer or moving frame ference, 29. Me Mie gy lincter Voter € water vepes in @ closer Container. Bowmclars, the Surface enclosing thre System ts vefeyred to an the lorunctary. an achal Weer or | iw aera surface. Lt imag be aoe be an § urraun ding s The Teg en epternak to tre System d Sharing 2 Commean laincleary Wit te system ts knsen oo environment cy Surroun stings,Schem eticatty ce Brandacy s Sean Thus the systen £ S4rpounctings interact Torn tue bounctary. Depenan ding on the Hee oy The type ifereetions, tre? beandlag Bao be cles fcdA eo Open : bermeetle te at least one Component a the system Thr et feast me peta : closed: impermeable to mars Has \n quee cases, the brine may be rgd Coon stant volume) or mMoeveshle. BAigbo otc: IW perm eatele to het Diatrermet: permeaple b heat Ctre syste & Surrounclings f-emperatore lsecane Cquck instant y transfer % heat Torna Sucy a otal)@ Propertes ye system Con be classified ao primitive : direct measured In an t¢perniment Chemperature, pressure, volume exc) AeriWedt : properkes thet con be defnek at in terms deanses in tue System hetureen inital £ final equilibeum Stotesy Ca. 4. enersy, entretyy, enhery) Padditmnetta we con define Extenswe Propecticn » dependent on the sige oe the System. (volume) Intensive propertica : tnolepencent Rs tue size ce ‘Me System (Pressure L temperatre, Specifre volume) MaerwserPla State Con dtm tue systen AcLner b the peopertics Such 5 temperature pressare Velume to produce fue Stale. StAt Tunchmrs +. ff Pety indepenclent tunchar ¢ E,H,5,G)o Stas Variak leo : Path- inclependent Voweble, tut cheseribe tye stray tie System, Paty + Pll thre Stel enceunteat by toe sy shen during ea henge F Ste&. State 4 Equilibauny - Properfes are in-Variant Uity me — Properties Ore incdepencten® “~ spathor Cooyadin ols - here axist no mass ee energy gradients Witrin the stysten L betucen tne systems 4 Surroundings, — Nd rke y ehremicek veachonn is Sern. Worle; Transient form Ge enerag tict is dehiner 62 JF. as 7 E Aispla cement erce Hel: A transient Porm + meng tx chranjet betvren the system & the S4rroundinyy auc tt wa temperature difference,@ Internet Ener : the ener tue ttstence Saisie Ih, tue motion) inher ake and Lending = ib Conchtuent Inclecules , Vater fon, the external ener ae & a cen Cenete energy Y ev osih Cent Mass iA on external Bara ( Cp Stentor Srergy).