www.vncold.

vn
Hi p ln v Pht trin ngun nc Vit Nam

CNG NGH BM LY TM HT SU
TS.Trn Vn Cng, Vin Khoa hc Thu li
1. Xut s cng ngh bm ly tm ht su
Bm ly tm ht su l sn phm nghin cu khoa hc, ca Vin Khoa hc
Thu li, gi tt l bm ht su. Bm ht su c t tn theo ngha hnh hc,
ng quan st t trm bm nhn xung b ht lc cn kit, ta cm nhn c su
v chiu cao ht m my bm ang s dng.
- Bm ht su c ngun gc l thuyt v kt cu ging bm ly tm thng thng,

nhng chng khc nhau v kh nng to ra ct ht chn khng cho php trong bung

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bm . Bm ly tm thng thng c ct ht chn khng thp [HCK ]=46 m, cn

bm ly tm ht su c kh nng to ra ct ht chn khng ln hn, t gi tr: [HCK]
=78,0m .

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- Trong nng nghip nc ta s dng rt nhiu bm ly tm lp t ven sng cp

nc phc v sn sut v i sng . Thng thng ,chng ta s dng bm ly tm c
ct ht chn khng thp [HCK] = 4 6,0 m. Vi ct ht chn khng ny, bm ch
cho php lp t chiu cao ht a hnh thp: Hht 5 m.

nc

Mc nc sng sui gia ma ma v ma cn dao ng kh ln, chnh

lch mc nc ny Zh = ( 5 7) m l ph bin, c nhng ni l 10- 15 m. Vic s
dung bm c ct ht thp HHUT 5m s b ngp l vo ma ma bo, ngi qun

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l phi tho chy my chng ngp bm, trong khi trong ni ng vn b hn hn

cn bm nc. Nu lp t v tr cao hn 5m th bm s b treo tr khng ht c
nc, khi nc sng h thp vo ma cn.
V vy, sn xut yu cu nghin cu ch tao ra li my bm ht su c ct

ht chn khng ln hn t HCK=7- 8 m. Nh , s cho php lp bm chiu cao

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ht ln hn HHt= ( 6,0 7,0 )m , ln hn cc bm thng thng 2- 3 m

Mt khc, trnh xy ra xm thc trong bm, khi xy dng cng trnh trm

phi o t h thp cao trnh t my. Nh vy, cng trnh nh trm s phc tp hn,

khi nc sng dng cao phi chy l my bm. Hin nay cc trm bm ven sng nc ta thng p dng:
1-Trm bm phao thuyn ni theo mc nc

2. Trm bm trc ngang c 2 tng t my

3. Trm bm hng trc t xin trn
4. Trm bm trc ngang trt trn ray
5. Trm bm trc ng trn khung ct
6. Trm bm chm

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Hi p ln v Pht trin ngun nc Vit Nam

- Mi dng trm bm ni trn c u im ring, n c la chn p dng l tu

thuc vo iu kin a hnh v ti chnh ca tng a phng.
- Nhn chung cc gii php chng ngp l my bm ni trn c kt cu nh trm phc
tp, gi thnh cng trnh cn cao, nu xy dng trm bm cng sut nh th hiu qu
u t rt thp.
- Sau nhiu nm kho st thc t, nm 1996 tc gi Trn Vn Cng Vin KHTL
hnh thnh tng nghin cu ch to bm ht su t ct ht chn khng ln
HCK=8,0m, lp t cc trm bm ven sng, c chiu cao ht a hnh HHT =

67,0m . n nm 1997 chnh thc c B gio dc v o to giao nhim v

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nghin cu trong lun n Tin s vi ti :

Nghin cu nng cao kh nng ht ca bm ly tm ...

- Thng 3 2001 tc gi bo v thnh cng lun n Tin s ti trng HBK H Ni .

m.

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ti nghin cu v ch to c bm ht su c ct ht chn khng t Hck=7- 8

Vic s dng bm ht su cho cc trm bm ven sng c chiu cao ht lp t
s r hn nhiu.

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bm HHUT =6,0 -7,0 m , th kt cu trm bm s n gin v gi thnh cng trnh

- Thng 10-2001 , sn phm bm ht su u tin c mi ng dng vo thc t
tnh Thi Nguyn.

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u nm 2003 B nng nghip v PTNT giao nghim v nghin cu ti :

Nghin cu thit k ch to bm ly tm ht su t HCK=6,0 - 8,0m
Thng 9-2005, ti c nghim thu v nh gi sut sc.

Nm 2006 , B nng nghip & PTNT tip tc giao nhim v thc hin d n hon
thin cng ngh ch tao bm ht su phc v sn xut nng nghip.

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Thng 3-2007, cng ngh bm ly tm ht su ot gii nh gii thng sng

to khoa hc cng ngh Vit Nam VIFOTEC 2006.

Thng 7-2007, tc gi ca ti bm ly tm ht su c Th tng Chnh

ph v Tng Lin an lao ng Vit Nam tng bng khen v thnh tch ng dng

sn phm bm ly tm ht su phc v sn sut v pht trin kinh t x hi.

Thng 9-2007, cng ngh bm ly tm ht su ot cp vng techmart Vit

Nam 2007.
Ngy nay, cc sn phm bm ht su ang c tip tc ng dng vo nhiu
cng trnh trm bm ven sng, thuc cc vng trung du min nu, cc trm bm cp
nc bin nui trng thu sn, trm bm cp nc sinh hot th v sn sut cng
nghip, c bit c hiu qu khi bm cp nc cho nng nghip vo ma kh hn.

www.vncold.vn
Hi p ln v Pht trin ngun nc Vit Nam

Gam bm ly tm ht su c ch to v s dng c thng s thit k sau :

K hiu
Bm

H
(m)

Q
(m3/h)

[HCK]
(m)

NC
(kw)

n
(v/p)

DHUTDXA
(mm )

Ghi ch

100-100
100-100
100-100
100-100
150-150
200-200
200-200
200-200
200-200
250-250
250-250
300-300
300-300
300-300
350-350

My n Diezen

Bm ht su- lp t ven sng sui - ven bin

8-10 HP
7,5
11
16HP
11
15
15
22
33
22
33
33
45
60 HP
75

1450
1450
1450
1450
1450
1450
1450
1450
1450
1450
1450
1450
1450
1450
1450

7,5

75

1450

My n Diezen

30-35

7,5
8,0
8,0
7,5
8.0
6,0
8,0
8,0
7,5
7,5
8,0
7,0
7,5
7.0
7,5

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HS250-75

90-60
90-60
90-60
90-60
200-150
300-200
300-170
300-200
300-200
600-450
550-400
1000-800
1000-800
1060-720
13001000
550-450

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16-25
16-25
25-35
25-35
12-15
12-15
12-18
15-24
24-34
6-10
14-18
7-9
10-12
8-12
12-16

nc

HS100-7D
HS100-7
HS100-11
HS100-11D
HS150-11
HS200-15A
HS200-15
HS200-22
HS200-33
HS250-22
HS250-33
HS300-33
HS300-45
HS300-40D
HS350-75

My n Diezen

250-250

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Gii thch k hiu: - HS ch bm Ht Su

- 100,200, 250,300: Ch ng knh li vo bm, n v mm

- 6, 15, 22, 33,75 l cng sut ng c ko bm, n v Kw

2- Mt s kt qu p dng bm ly tm ht su
Thng 3-2001, lun n tin s nghin cu v bm ly tm ht su, c bo v

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thnh cng ti trng HBK H Ni. Ngay sau , S nng nghip & PTNT Thi

Nguyn mi tc gi, i kho st v trn khai p dng th nghim bm ht su vo

a bn tnh Thi Nguyn . Thng 10-2001 bm ht su u tin HS200-15 c lp

t X Hung Thng huyn ng h Thi Nguyn. Hi , vo nm 2000,

trm bm x Hung Thng b ngp l su 2 m , c vt nc l in trn tng tnh

Thi Nguyn yu cu phi lp t my bm ht su v tr mc nc nh l .

Chng ti lm mt gi st cao 2m , ngang tm vi vt nc l nm 2000, v t
bm ht su HS200-15 ln sn thp v cho vn hnh. Kt qa bm lm vic rt tt ,
bn v n nh . T nm 2001 n nay cha c nm no bm bi ngp l , b h hng,
b treo tr vo ma cn, bm nc kp thi phc v sn sut.

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Hi p ln v Pht trin ngun nc Vit Nam

Nhng nm tip theo, nhiu bm ht su c ln lt lp t cc tnh Thi

Nguyn, Bc Cn, Tuyn Quang, Lng Sn, Bc Giang, Qung Ninh, H Ni, Ph
Th, Ho Bnh, Thanh Ho, Ngh An, Tha Thin Hu, Bnh nh
V tt c cc trm bm ht su ca Vin c n v s dng nh gi tt, v
tip tc c lp t vo nhiu d n ang trin khai .
Bng lit k mt kt qu p dng bm ht su :
TT

Tn sn phm KHCN ng dng

1 Bm ht su HS100-6D:

S my

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- X on kt , i ng, o Vin, huyn Trng nh- tnh Lng

Sn, 2004- 3 my

- Trm thu nng huyn m H- tnh Qung Ninh ,2005-2 my

2 Bm ht su HS200-15:

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- X Ho Bnh , huyn Honh B - tnh Qung Ninh ,2006-1 my

- X Hung Thng, ng Bm, Ho Bnh, huyn ng H- Tnh 29

ThI Nguyn, 2001- 5 my

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- X Cc ng, Thng Nung, V Trn, huyn V Nhai- Tnh

ThI Nguyn , 2004- 5 my

- Huyn Ph Bnh ,Thi nguyn, 2006- 3 my

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- X Quang Phong, - huyn Na R, Bc Cn, 2002- 1 my

- X NamCng, - huyn Ch n, Bc Cn, 2005- 1 my

- Tri giam X Ngc l- huynTn Yn, Bc Giang, 2005-3my

- X Xo by, - huyn Kim Bi, Ho Bnh, 2002- 4 my

-X Phong Thu- huyn Phong in, Tha Thin Hu, 2002-1my

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- H Ba B Bc Cn -2006- 1 my

- X Bnh Sn Sng Cng- Thi Nguyn -2006-1 ma

- Huyn Ph Bnh Thi Nguyn -2006-3 my

- Th trn K Sn - Ha Bnh- 2006- 1 my

3 Bm ht su HS200-22:
- X V Tranh- Ph Lng ,ThI nguyn, 2002- 1 my

- Tr b Ph Lm Tuyn Quang, 2003- 1 my

- X C Ngha, - huyn Lc Thu , Ho Bnh, 2002- 1 my
- Nh my ch bin tinh bt sn Bnh nh, 2005- 1 my
- X Hng Nhng- huyn Lc Sn Ho Bnh , 2006- 2my
4 Bm ht su HS200-33:

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Hi p ln v Pht trin ngun nc Vit Nam

-Bm h mng p thu in Ca t,-Thanh Ho-1 my 2005

5 Bm ht su HS250-33:
-Trm bm Thng Nng,- Tam Nng, Ph Th 2005 - 1 my

- X K Tn , - huyn Tn K, Ngh An, 2002 - 1 my

- X Din Kim, huyn Din Chu, Ngh An, 2006 - 1 my
6 Bm ht su HS300-33:

X Giang Bin ,Gia Lm ,H Ni,2003 - 1 my

7 Bm ht su HS300-55:
1

Tng s my tnh n 12-2006

47

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Trm bm X An o,huyn Ph Ninh, Ph Th-2006- 1 my

3- tnh mi, tnh sng to, tnh hiu qu s dng cng ngh bm ly tm ht su
3-1 Tnh mi ca cng ngh bm ly tm ht su:

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- Bm ly tm ht su c ngun gc l thuyt v kt cu ging bm ly tm thng

thng, nhng chng khc nhau v kh nng to ra ct ht chn khng cho php
trong bung ht my bm. Bm ly tm thng thng c ct ht chn khng thp
[HCK ]=46 m, do vy ch cho php lp t bm chiu cao ht a hnh thp:

nc

Hht 5 m. Cn bm ly tm ht su c kh nng to ra ct ht chn khng ln

hn, t gi tr: [HCK] =78,0 m , nn cho php lp t bm chiu cao ht ln
hn HHt= 6,0 7,0 m, ln hn cc bm thng thng 2- 3 m.

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3-2 Tnh sng to ca cng ngh bm ly tm ht su:

iu kin nghin cu trong nc cn nhiu kh khn, nhng cng trnh

nghin cu thit k ch to ra c nhiu mu bm ly tm ht su phc v sn sut

nng nghip. Cc bm ly tm ht su c kt cu ph hp vi iu kn c kh ch to
Vit Nam , m bo ch to ra sn phm , thun li lp rp ,sa cha v thay th ph

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kin. m bo bn , lm vic n nh v c kim chng s dng tt t nm

2001 .

3-3 Tnh hiu qu k thut - kinh t- x hi ca cng ngh bm ly tm ht su:

S dng bm ht su c ct ht chn khng ln, s nng cao kh nng ht n-

c phc v chng hn khi mc nc dng sng b h thp vo ma cn

S dng bm ht su s cho php lp bm cao trnh ln hn, hn ch hin t-

ng ngp l my bm do nc sng dng cao trong ma ma bo.

S dng bm ht su th kt cu nh trm s n gin hn, gim chi ph o
t h thp cng trnh , chi ph vt t , thi cng nhanh , gim gi thnh ton b cng
trnh.

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Hi p ln v Pht trin ngun nc Vit Nam

Bm c ch to trong nc v lm ch c cng ngh nn phc v kp thi

sn sut v gi thnh r hn so vi bm nc ngoi cng thng s v cng sut.
Cc d n s dng bm ht su ca cc ia phng min ni tc ng rt
tt n kinh t x hI v an ninh quc phng. Nh c trm bm ht su, nhn dn
ch ng cung cp nc ti cho nng nghip nn cy c 2 v la/nm, nng
xut cy trng tng ln t 1,5 n 2 ln, tng ng vi nng sut la tng t 35
ta/Ha ln 65ta/Ha.
Thu nhp v i sng nhn dn kh hn nhi so vi trc, nhn dn min ni

yn tm, khng b rung v hng hi sn sut trn mnh rung ca mnh.

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Nhu cu s dng bm ht su cho pht trin kinh t nng nghip min ni l

kh ln, nhng ngun kinh ph xy dng cc trm bm cn hn ch, nhn dn v
cc a phng khng d rng c vn xy dng cc trm bm ht su phc v

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sn xut .V vy, nu c B Khoa hc cng ngh, B Nng nghip ,UBNND cc

tnh quan tm ngun ti chnh cho cc a phng ng dng cng ngh bm ht
su th hiu qu kinh t mang li cho x hi cn ln hn nhiu.
4- Quy m p dng cng ngh bm ly tm ht su

nc

Sn phm bm ht su s p ng tt c cc quy m din tch yu cu cung cp nc

ti cho sn sut nng nghip , thu sn, cng nghip v nc sinh hot 3 vng
ng bng , trung du mn ni nc ta.

- Lu lng my bm 50-100 m3/h : cho din tch ti nh hn 10 Ha

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- Lu lng my bm 150-200 m3/h : cho din tch ti

3

- Lu lng my bm 250-350 m /h : cho din tch ti

3

- Lu lng my bm 400-600 m /h : cho din tch ti

3

- Lu lng my bm 700-800 m /h : cho din tch ti

3

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- Lu lng my bm 900-1000 m /h : cho din tch ti

3

- Lu lng my bm 1200-1600 m /h : cho din tch ti

10- 20 Ha
20- 50 Ha
50-100 Ha
100-300 Ha
300-500 Ha
500-800 Ha

Vi din tch ln hn s tng cng s lng my bm p ng nhu cu cn nc.

5- Kh nng p dng nhn rng ca cng ngh bm ht su

trn cao bm ht su cn ht c nc, th khi lp t cc chiu cao

ht thp trong cc trm bm ni ng my bm ht su s ht c nhiu nc hn .

Nh vy tnh nng k thut ca bm ht su ph hp vi nhiu iu kin a hnh c

ct ht cao v thp c 3 vng ng bng, trung du min ni nc ta.
Bm ht su c th lp t cc trm bm ni ng vi chiu cao ht thp
hoc lp t cc trm bm ven sng sui, ni c chiu cao ht ln .

www.vncold.vn
Hi p ln v Pht trin ngun nc Vit Nam

Nhng nm gn y, do hn hn cc dng sng b h kit lm cho nhiu trm

bm ly tm ven sng b t lit hoc km hiu qu. Nhu cu s dng bm ht su
thay th cc loa bm c l rt ln, bi v khi thay th s dng bm ht su lm
cho trm bm hat ng tr la c hiu qu v nhiu tin li sau:
- Tn dng c cng trnh nh trm c,
- Tn dng c cng trnh knh dn nc ht v x,
- Tn dng c h thng in c ca trm bm .
- Ch cn thay th my bm ht su vo v tr my bm ly tm thng thng

- Nh cc yu t ni trn, vn du t nng cp ng dng cng ngh bm ht su l

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rt thp , ch bng 15% so vi u t xy dng trm bm mi .

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Bm ht su c ct ht chn khng ln, nn cn c p dng ch tao

bm ht bn rc mi trng, v nhiu lnh vc bm ht khc trong nng nghip
v cng nghip.
Vi cc l do ph hp ni trn, nhu cu ng dng bm ht su cho nng
nghip v nhiu ngnh kinh t khc nc ta l kh ln v c trin vng sn xut
nhn rng .

nc

6- xut nghi cu tip theo

Bc u ti nghin cu thit k ch to mt s my bm ly tm ht su
phc v bm cp nc ti cho nng nghip, tuy nhin vn cha bao ph ht cc

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nhu cu v a hnh t khc nhau ca nuc ta, v vy cn nghin c thm nhiu

gam bm khc na. Cc sn phm bm ht su khng nh c n nh lm
vic v bn c kh, iu to lng tin v thng hiu tt p v bm ht su. Do
kinh nghim thit k cn hn ch, cc sn phm bm vn cn c nhng hn ch k
thut v thm m nht nh, v vy cn phi tip tc nghin cu hon thin cc sn

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phm bm. Vic o kim cc thng s k thut ca bm phi thu nh cc t chc o

c bn ngoi vi gi thnh kh cao v thi gian o kim b hn ch theo kinh ph.

Cc nh nghin cu khng c c hi o kim nhiu ln cp nht v phn tch kt

qu o. V vy s cp nht v phn tch sai lch ca cc thng nghin cu vi cc

thng s o kim thc t cn b hn ch. iu lm hn ch vic nng cao trnh

nghin cu th nghim , v nghin cu l thuyt ca cn b khoa hc.

Nm 2003, v 2006, ti mi thc hin nghin cu ch to mt s bm ly

tm ht su phc v nng nghip, c lu lng Q=200-1000m3/h, ct p bm H= 835m.

Nh vy mt s gam bm khc cn cha c nghin cu, v vy, trn c s l thuyt
bm ht su chng ti kin ngh cn pht trin nghin cu cc gam bm sau:

www.vncold.vn
Hi p ln v Pht trin ngun nc Vit Nam

- Gam bm ht su cho sn st min nu c lu lung nh ,

- Gam bm ni ng ct nc thp ,
- Gam bm ht xa nc bin nui trng thu sn.
- Gam bm ht su cho vng gip danh: trung du- ng bng c Q=2000-4000m3/h
- phc v cng tc nghin cu c tt hn , kin ngh nh nc cho mua sm
tng cng cc thit b o kim my bm nh o lu lung Q, ct p H, cng sut N,

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vng quay n , m men trn trc bm M