1

Sterilization ( )
(hot air oven)
Disinfection ()

Disinfection

Sterilization

Antiseptic

Disinfectant
2


(dry heat) (moist heat)
moist heat
dry heat

ultraviolet 2540-2800
angstorm

Staphylococcus, Streptococcus virus

UV

Antiseptics ( / )

( )

Disinfectant ( / )
(
)

 antiseptic disinfectant

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. media /

 antiseptic disinfectant
1.
detergent
2. gasoline

 Antiseptics Disinfectant

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

 Antiseptics Disinfectant ( )
6.
7.

8.
9.

 disinfectant

retroviruses, ortho-paramyxoviruses, herpesviruses, coronaviruses

Other enveloped viruses;

gram-negative rods and some filamentous fungi; some gram-positive rod

Staphylococcus aureus , some diphasic and filamentous fungi, yeasts

and algae, some gram negative rods, hepatitis B

adenoviruses

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, rotaviruses, reoviruses, some mold

ascospores

picornaviruses, parvoviruses, hepatitis A

bacterial endospores; viroids

prion

: Prince et al., 1991

10

1. Alcohols
2. Aldehydes
3. Halogens
4. Heavy metals
5. Oxidizing agents
6. Phenols

7. Surface active agents

8. Acids
9. Nitrofurazone
10. Ethylene oxide
11. Miscellaneous

11

C S N ( oxidant)

quarternary ammonium compound, chlohexidine

phenolics, acids, bases, alcohols
aldehydes, enzymes
halogens, H2O2, ozone

: Prince et al., 1991

12

ALCOHOL
Alcohol 2 Ethanol Isopropanol

13

Ethanol
60-95%
70% ( )

1-2

14

Ethanol ( )

5
20% formalin 30
0.2%

synergism disinfectant I, KI

15

ALDEHYDE

Formaldehyde Glutaraldehyde

alkylation

acid fast

16

FORMALDEHYDE
Formalin (Formaldehyde 37%)




> 15 C

17

GLUTARALDEHYDE
Cidex (Glutaraldehyde 2%
70% Isopropanol)
formaldehyde

18

HALOGENS

Halogens Iodine, chlorine

sulfhyhydryl (-SH) group

S-S group

19

IODINES

2%

1 : 20000 1
15

20

IODOPHORES
carrier
Povidone-Iodine (Betadine, Isodine)
Iodine + Polyvinylpyrolidone

10%

21



(HOCl)


1-3 ppm

22

SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE (NaOCl)

2-3% 2-3

23

HEAVY METALS

sulfhydryl group

24


ammonium mercury
ointment
MerthiolateR (thimerosal)

(Mercurochrome)

25



silver nitrate
0.1 %
1%
0.5%


methemoglobin

26

OXIDIZING AGENTS
anaerobic
facultative anaerobic microorganism

27

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE (H2O2)

3% catalase

H2O2 free radical

28

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE (H2O2)

H2O2 oxidation

15-30 C

29

POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE (KMnO4)

oxidizing agent
antiseptic

1: 10000 1 .
1: 5000

30

PHENOLS

1-2%


1%
2%
5% ()

31

CRESOLS
disinfectant
Phenol
isomer Phenol 3

Lysol

32

HEXACHLOROPHENE
CHLORHEXIDINE, CHLOROXYLENOL (Dettol)
xylenol Cl


Staphylococcus aureus

33

DYES
Acriflavin ()
Gentian violet ( )

34

 (Acriflavin)

(Gentian violet)
Dermatophytes
Candida esp. Staphylococcus

35

Brilliant Green


esp. Staphylococcus bacteriostatic
E.coli
Brilliant Green + Gentian Violet

36

SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS
detergent

37

SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS

Anionic

emulsifier

Cationic ( Anionic)
Quaternary ammonium
compound
(
Anionic)
esp.

Emulsify =

38

Quaternary Ammonium compound

0.1% Ethanol
70%

39

ACIDS

pH


disinfectant

pH

Acetic
acid,
Benzoic
acid

40

ACETIC ACID
1%
5%

SALICYLIC ACID
10-40%

41

BORIC ACID

3%
glycerine borax

BENZOIC ACID
Benzoic acid + Salicylic acid = Whitfield ointment

42

Stage

43

10

oxidizing
NaOCl, Ca(OCl)2

2-3%

10-30

2 % w/v

10

4-10 % w/v

10-30

2 % v/v

10

0.2% w/v

30

glutaraldehyde

2 % w/v

10-30

formaldehyde

8 % v/v

10-30

: AUSVETPLAN, 2000

44

pH

Acids

+/-

Alcohols

Bases

+/-

Formalin

+/-

Formadehyde (g)

Glutaraldehyde

+/-

+/-

Halogens

+/-

Oxidizing agents
Phenolic
compound
Quaternary
ammonium
compound

+/-

+/-

+/-

+/-

: Quinn, 1991

45

 esp.

46





bioaerosols

20-30

47

 ( )
1.

2.

2
-

2 -

48

 ( )
3.
1

49



bioaerosol


formaldehyde



. 2546.
9. . 95 .

50

( )

, 3, 4

5.2

2, 4.2

2, 3

1, 4.2

5.3

3, 4

2, 2.3, 3, 4.2

1 = ; 2 = : 2.1 = sodium hpochloride, 2.2 calcium

hypochloride; 3 = : 3.1 = sodium hydroxide, 3.2 = sodium carbonate; 4 = : 4.1
hdrochloric acid, 4.2 citric acid; 5 = aldehyde: 5.1 glutaraldehyde, 5.2 formalin, 5.3

51
formaldehyde gas

1, 2a, 2b, 3

1

5

3, 4

1, 2a, 2b

1, 3

1, 2a, 2b, 3

1.
2. Oxidizing agents

10

10-30

2a 2-3%

10-30
2-3%
2b ( 20 / )

3
3a
10 (
()
2% (20 / )
)
10
3b

()
30
(Na2CO3 10 H2O)
4% (40 / )

4

4a
2% (20 / )

30

4b
0.2% (2 / )

15-24 .
5