Introduction

Company Overview:
Square Pharmaceuticals Limited is the largest pharmaceutical company in Bangladesh and it has
been continuously in the 1st position among all national and multinational companies since
1985. It was established in 1958 and converted into a public limited company in 1991. The sales
turnover of SPL was more than Taka 13.78 Billion BDT (US $ 172.25 million) with about 19.18%
market share (Till December 2013) having a growth rate of about 23.54%.

Square Pharmaceutical Ltd now has one of the largest and competent sales force and large
distribution network of its own, operated from 18 different locations throughout the country. A
most dynamic skilled and dedicated marketing team comprising of pharmacists and doctors are
at the core of the marketing operation. These highly skilled professionals play a crucial role in
providing the necessary strategic guideline for the promotion of its product.
Square Pharmaceuticals Limited has extended its range of services towards the highway
of global market. It pioneered exports of medicines from Bangladesh in 1987 and has been
exporting antibiotics and other pharmaceutical products. This extension in business and
services has manifested the credibility of Square Pharmaceuticals Limited.
Corporate Brief of Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd:
Year of Establishment (Initially as a Partnership)

: 1958

Incorporated as a Private Limited Company

: 1964

Technical Collaboration Agreement with Janssen Pharmaceuticals of Belgium

(A subsidiary of Johnson and Johnson International Ltd.)

: 1974

Technical Collaboration Agreement with F.Hoffman-La Roche and Co. Ltd.

: 1982

Converted into Public Limited Company

: 1991

Initially Public Offering (IPO) of shares of SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

: 1994

Stock Exchange Listing (Dhaka and Chittagong)

: 1995

Agreement with M/s. Bovis Tanvec Ltd. of UK for implementation of Dhaka

Plant

: 1996

Awarded ISO-9001 Certificate

: 1998

SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Dhaka Unit gets the UK MHRA approval

: 2007
1|Page

Awarded TGA Certificate

: 2012

Authorized Capital

: Tk. 10,000
Million

Paid-up Capital

: Tk. 4,820
Million

Number of Employees

: 5,868

Subsidiary Company

: Square
Formulations
Ltd.

Industry Overview:
The pharmaceutical industry in Bangladesh is one of the most developed high-tech sectors
within the country's economy. There are about 231 licensed allopathic drug-manufacturing
units in the country, out of which only 210 were in active production; others either closed down
on their own or were suspended by the licensing authority for drugs due to non-compliance
to good manufacturing practices or drug laws. The industry manufactures about 5,600 brands
of medications in different dosage forms. There are, however, 1,495 wholesale drug license
holders and about 37,700 retail drug license holders in Bangladesh. After the promulgation of
the Drugs (Control) Ordinance, 1982, the development of this sector was accelerated. The
professional knowledge, thoughts and innovative ideas of the pharmaceutical professionals
working in this sector are the key factors for this development. Due to recent development of
this sector, the industry is exporting medicines to global markets, including the European
market. This sector is also providing 97% of the total medicinal requirement of the local market.
Some of the companies produce insulin, hormones, and anticancer drugs, which were not
previously produced in Bangladesh. Leading pharmaceutical companies are expanding their
business with the aim to expand into the export market. Recently, a few new industries have
been established with high-tech equipment and professionals to enhance the strength of this
sector.

2|Page

Brief of the Industry:

Inception: Around 1950

No of Companies: 231
Market Size: 76.5 Billion BDT
Market Growth: 24.30 %
Position: 2nd (after Garments) in Industry Sector
Demand Covers: 97% of Domestic Market
No. Of Medicine Brand: 5600
Market Share: Domestic 80% and MNC 20%
Exports: 72 Countries

3|Page

Methodology
Objective:

Broad Objective:
To analyze the business strategy of Square Pharmaceuticals Limited

Specific Objectives:

To identify the generic business model they follow

To find out the strategic intent of Square
To identify the dominant trait of the industry
To find out the drivers of change of industry
To identify the external environment of Square Pharmaceutical
To identify the internal environment of Square Pharmaceutical
To analyze the balanced scorecard of the company

Methodology:
Primary Data:

To conduct this study, primary data were collected by informal interview of corporate
professionals who are working in different pharmaceutical industry. We also tried to contact
with some pharmacy, doctors and drugstore owners regarding the issue.

Secondary Data:

Source of secondary data are websites, printed material, articles, catalogs and online social
media of various company. Annual reports of Square Pharmaceutical Limited were also used.

4|Page

Scope:
The study is focused on the pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh. This study will explain the
aspects and strategies of pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh as well as a leading
pharmaceutical company. So it would be very useful for different users.
The purposes this study will serve such as

Provide a brief idea about market structure to the onlooker about pharmaceutical
industry
Provide a cross-sectional view of market situation of current trend
Help a new entrant in this business to understand the market trend
Will provide Food for Thought to new researchers like us

Basically anyone studying the report will get firsthand information about square
pharmaceutical ltd and the whole pharmaceutical industry which he can use in developing
various products available and soon to come in near future.

Limitation:
During the preparation of this report we had to face a few problems. These disrupted the
preparation of the report. They are discussed below.

Time Constraint

The websites were are less organized regarding our topic

There was huge amount of data to sort out and managing those data in a proper
manner required quite a lot time

5|Page

Square Pharmaceuticals Limited: The

Market Leader
Vision Mission and Objectives:

Vision Statement:
We view business as a means to the material and social wellbeing of the investors, employees
and the society at large, leading to accretion of wealth through financial and moral gains as a
part of the process of the human civilization.
Mission Statement:
Our Mission is to produce and provide quality and innovative healthcare relief for people,
maintain stringently ethical standard in business operation also ensuring benefit to the
shareholders, stakeholders and the society at large.
Objective:
Our objectives are to conduct transparent business operation based on market mechanism
within the legal and social framework with aims to attain the mission reflected by our vision.

Basic Generic Strategy

Square pharmaceutical Ltd being the market leader of pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh
follows a unique set of strategies. They did not confine themselves into only one strategy
follower; rather they focused on different generic strategy for different category of product. So
they kind of diversified their portfolio among different segments of the market.
Cost leadership strategies:
We found that square pharmaceuticals follows cost leadership strategies for a specific set of
product category. Because cost leadership strategy is an integrated set of actions taken to
produce goods or services with features that are acceptable to customer at the lowest cost,
relative to that of competitors. Square using the cost leadership strategy to sell no-frills,
6|Page

standardized products to the industrys most typical customers. Squares products have
competitive levels of differentiation in term of features that they create value for customers.
Indeed emphasizing cost reductions while ignoring competitive levels of differentiation is
ineffective. Square pharmaceutical also carefully examines all support activities to find
additional sources of potential cost reductions. Developing new systems for finding the
optimal combination of low cost and acceptable quality in the raw materials required to
produce the drugs.
Focused Differentiation:
Square pharmaceutical limited also focuses on market niche, concentrating competitively on
a specific market segment. These types of products are usually charged with premium price
and only a few numbers of companies produces or imports those drugs. In this regard
square pharmaceuticals achieved a good reputation in medicine sector.

Corporate Culture
SPL, with its progressive business outlook, believes and practices corporate work culture with a
classic blend of efficiency and equity. SPL believes in company growth by increasing efficiency
level of employees and for that offering excellent environment and support for skill and
knowledge upgradation. SPLs Business Motivation is Being Good by Doing Well and to
conduct transparent business operations based on market mechanism within the legal, ethical
& social framework with aims to attain the mission reflected by the companys vision. It values
productivity as the spontaneous contribution of Human Resources.
Strategic Human Resource Development Programs are the energy sources for SQUARE HR for
running towards the zenith of success. Flow of clear and specific information and justification of
queries play the vital role to ensure the market reputation of SQUARE as the most trusted and
transparent company and it enriches the motivation level of HR who are the real contributors
and owners of his / her own jobs. At SPL, HRD symbolizes the unique blending of
professionalism as well as sharing the stress and success equally like a family where every
member has deep concern, feelings and pride for their own company SPL. HR ensures the
strong supporting role to develop & implement HR policy guidelines for ensuring uninterrupted
operation and spontaneous participation to achieve organizational objective as well as
fulfillment of employee needs. HR is maintaining an effective way to deal with labor union and
still no unrest has been recorded as dispute maintaining a progressive labor policy. SPL follows
7|Page

laws and encourage work environment that welcomes diversity and also follow nondiscrimination & fair treatment policy both in the recruitment & selection process and
performance management system Personnel working here are taking care of SPL as if it is their
own family. Employee-employer relation is cordial and supporting always. SPL does not allow
any female employees during night shift operations & strictly prohibits any form of forced
labor. It actively pursues the policy of No child labor in SPL.

Transparency & business ethics is the core value of SPL and it is strictly followed at every step of
the business processes. Every business in SPL is modeled in a way that enables the
management to ensure highest degree of both financial and behavioral accountability. SQUARE
pursues Zero Tolerance policy against all kinds of corruption. SPL's activity goes well beyond the
sphere of business. As socially conscious and responsible corporate body SQUARE is committed
to the improvement of the society as a whole.

8|Page

Value Proposition
SPL has presently been offering its products to its market segment with the value proposition:
Utmost quality, excellent efficacy

Value creation activity includes:

Discovery

Development

Register

Manufacture

Marketing & Sales

SPLs value creation

9|Page

Balanced Scorecard
The balanced scorecard for Square Pharmaceuticals Limited is as follows.

FINANCIAL

Protection of shareholder's capital

Accretion
Accretion of wealth through financial and moral gains
Ensure
Ensure highest return on investment of shareholders.

CUSTOMER

Redemption of customer claim in time

Avoid
Avoid any form of corruptive delaings, unethical and
immoral practices.
Providing quality healthcare relief for people
Providing

INTERNAL
GROWTH

Practice of good-governace.
Maintaining workplace equality.
Providing
Providing best compensation to all the employees

Strive
Strive for the achievement of millennium development
goals for the human civilization
Ensure shareholders growth of assets

10 | P a g e

Internal Analysis
SWOT analysis:

Strength:
The strength of Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. lies in its diversified products and dosage forms.
Square has been producing solid products like tablets and capsules and liquid products like
syrup, suspension and solution, as well as semisolid products like cream and ointment. It is the
pioneer company to manufacture and market nasal sprays, inhalation aerosols and
suppositories in Bangladesh. Its strengths can be analyzed as under.

SPL has skilled scientists/technicians/management personnel at affordable cost leading

to low cost of innovation/ manufacturing/expenditure to run cGMP(current Good
Manufacturing Practice) compliance facilities and high quality documentation and
process understanding.
SPL has well developed chemistry, R and D and manufacturing infrastructure with
proven track record in advanced chemistry capabilities, design of high tech
manufacturing facilities and regulatory compliance.
The healthy domestic market with rising per capita expenditure is another significant
strength enabling achievement of economies of scale. Square also has a strong
marketing and distribution network.
It has Company Strength and product strength, Company strengths effects positively on
the product, and products strength also effects positively on the Company.
Square has highly skilled sales forces and very efficient and wide distribution channels.
Square ranked and held the First position in Pharmaceuticals Industry since 1985, which
means it is in the top for last 29 years,
Being in the top for this long time resulted in a very positive impression for all
the products in the minds of the doctors and patients already, it occupies a good
position it their minds.
The built in positive impression on our products which is in the minds of the doctors
and patients helps Square Pharmaceutical to get a very good response from the market
for any product they introduce in the market.
Square has the number of sales force of the company, their capability, Training and
selling skills are in better condition and position than any other company in the industry.
11 | P a g e

Square follows very transparent marketing activities; there is no misleading or fraud,

that why it enjoys a good reputation in the market.
Square maintains high quality standards for its products
In production of Squares Omeprazole Injection and DMP quality issues are followed and
maintained properly.

Weakness:
The weakness of the Square is the analysis of the internal industry components that are not
providing significant added value or are in need of improvement. The internal components can
include physical resources, human capital or features the company can control. For example,
the SPLs weaknesses could include high-risk business modeling, disengaged Board of Directors,
dated medical equipment, poor branding, low staff morale or diseconomies of scale. More
weakness given below:

Square has introduced some Injections like Omerprezol late in the market
Those Injection has introduced already by Incepta and popular before Square
Square has lost the opportunity to be the first introducer of various products but they
couldnt capitalized the benefits of it
Square needs to consider the loss of late introduction and work on market considering
this disadvantage.
Low investments in innovative R&D continue to be a major weakness of Square
Pharmaceutical Ltd.
Square lacks the ability to compete with MNCs for New Drug Discovery, research and
commercialization of molecules on a worldwide basis due to lack of resources.
Strong linkages between industry and academia which are essential for growth of the
industry is lacking in Square
Rapidly increasing costs of skilled manpower such as scientists/ regulatory
compliance personnel / pharmaceutical lawyers/ international business development
personnel is pushing up the cost of innovation.
Sales and marketing knowledge is inadequate due to lack of understanding
of international Pharmaceutical marketing/pricing practices and market environment in
various countries.
Inadequate manufacturing practices

12 | P a g e

Opportunity:
The opportunity of the Square is the analysis of the external industry components that provide
a chance for the company to grow in some capacity or gain a competitive edge. The external
components should be environmental factors or aspects outside the companys control, yet
reflective of the business marketplace. It can be analyzed as under.

In the market, the number of Antiulcer patients is increasing, when the number of
patients increases the possibility of a good return from the required drug increases.
Incredible export potential
New innovative therapeutic products
Drug delivery system management
Income is increasing day by day
Clinical trials and research
Due to the cost advantage in contract manufacturing & Research multi-national
companies find it compelling to shift their production bases to countries offering such
cost advantage
Licensing deals with MNCs for NCEs (New Chemical Entities) and NDDS (New Drug
Delivery Systems) offer new opportunities for Square
Marketing alliances for MNC products in domestic and international market is
another emerging opportunity
There is a possibility of greater returns from other countries of the world by exporting

Threat:
The threat of the pharmaceutical industry is the analysis of the external industry components
that could create an opportunity for the SPL to decline, atrophy or lose some competitive edge.
The external components should be environmental factors or aspects outside the industrys
control, yet reflective of the business marketplace. For example, the pharmaceutical industrys
threats could include increased government regulation, a declining economy, increasing
research and development (R&D) costs or a decrease in the global population. The threats of
Square Pharmaceutical Ltd are discussed below.

R&D efforts of Bangladeshi pharmaceutical companies are hampered by lack of enabling

regulatory requirement
Export effort is hampered by procedural hurdles in Bangladesh as well as non-tariff
barriers imposed abroad

13 | P a g e

Lowering of tariff protection has increased competition in domestic markets resulting in

erosion of profitability
Mergers and acquisitions by other companies may completely change condition of
the pharmaceutical market
Small number of discoveries
Competition from MNCs
Transformation of process patent to product patent (TRIPS)
Outdated Sales and marketing methods
Limited knowledge and experience base.
Pricing and reimbursement level could restrict use

14 | P a g e

External Analysis
PESTEL Analysis:
The macro environment tends to have a long term impact and requires extensive research.
PESTEL analysis is one of the major analytical tools to find out the impact of politics, society,
economic system, technology, environment and legal issues. For the study purpose we have
conducted a PESTEL analysis on the pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh. The facts and
findings are discussed below.
Political Factors:

Political Instability and events like Hartal, Strikes etc hugely effects on the
pharmaceutical industry as these hampers the supply chain and sales

Export-Import policy of government changes with the change of political power. This
has a huge impact on the pharmaceutical industry

Tax and Tariff policy hugely affects the cost and pricing strategy. For Bangladesh the tax
for pharmaceutical product is about 27.5% which is quite high. So these high tax and
tariff hugely affects on pricing

Growing political focus and pressure on healthcare and healthcare savings on annual
budget affects hugely on the pricing strategy of medicines

Affiliation of giant market players with political party/entity also affect the market

Economic Factors:

High GDP growth of about 6.2% has a huge impact on the pharmaceutical industry of
developing countries like Bangladesh

In Bangladesh the unemployment Rate is quite low (about 4.5%) compared to our
neighboring countries like India and Pakistan (more than 7%). So these level of
employment has a huge impact on the industry

Exchange rates of foreign currency also has a huge impact on the industry

15 | P a g e

Bangladesh has comparatively lower rate of inflation (6.2%) than our neighborhood
countries. This affects on the pricing strategy

Labor cost in Bangladesh is very low. So it helps in cutting cost and increase production
of drug stuffs. Like the RMG sector, low labor cost hugely effects on the pharmaceutical
industry
Increase in per capita income (annual 1180$) as well as disposable income of the
population has a great impact on the industry

Social Factors:

Alternate Methods used in rural areas (spiritual, Herbal, Homeopathy etc) which affects
the pharmaceutical industry. But the use of these alternatives are reducing
exponentially in urban and suburban area

Religion has a huge impact in the pharmaceutical industry. Religious views plays a major
role in consumption of different products in our country

Demographics features of population also affects on the pharmaceutical industry

Increasing age of population and growth in obesity also affects on the industry

Health concerns and increase in self awareness of the population also has a huge impact
on the pharmaceutical industry

Technological Factors:

80% of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API)s are imported not produced in our
country because of technical issues. These has a huge impact on the pricing

Unreliable power supply force leads firms to depend on self-generation of power which
increases production cost of drugs.

Technological innovation observed only in medicine production process but not in the
production of material/machine. These has a huge impact on the industry

Innovation in information and communication technology has a major impact on

pharmaceutical industry

16 | P a g e

Environmental Factors:

Growing environmental agenda and community awareness have a huge impact on the
pharmaceutical industry

Climate change affects hugely on the whole operation and production

The National Drug Policy 2005 states that the pharmaceutical plants must comply with
disposal of waste streams which increases cost of production but helps keep our
environment safe. And this concern for the ecosystem is very high in the pharmaceutical
industry

Legal Factors:

World Bank (2009) reports Bangladesh as ranked 119 out of 183 economies on ease of
doing business regarding legal issues. This indicates how lenient the legal issue in
Bangladesh is regarding business.

Monitoring and supervisory role of DDA (Director of Drug Administration) also affects
the production, distribution and marketing of medicines and drug stuffs

WHOs current Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) should be strictly followed by every
pharmaceutical companies. This legislation has a huge impact on the industry

17 | P a g e

Porters 5 Force Model:

Porters 5 force model is a standard analysis process to identify the external environment of a
company. For Square pharmaceutical ltd we analyzed the external environment of the
pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh. And the analysis revealed the following result.
Bargain Power of Customer: Low

Consumer has no choice but to buy what Doctor says. So consumers are left with zero
options for bargain

Retail buyers of medicine and drug stuff are scattered not united as it is not a
commodity or regular product.

NPPA (National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority) tries to control the price but not much
effective due to the political and legal situation of Bangladesh

So this observation clearly indicates that the Bargaining Power of Customer is Low.

Bargain Power of Supplier: Low

Pharmaceutical industry depends upon organic chemicals which are easy to produce
and comparatively cheaper in our country. So the producers of those chemicals have
almost zero or little bargaining power.

Chemical industry is very competitive and fragmented so switching cost for the bigger
pharmaceutical industries like Square is less costly and easier. So the supplier cant
bargain much.

Only a few items of pharmaceutical industry require importing. And the big player of
the industry has their own supplier of those import goods.

From the analysis we can conclude that Bargaining Power of supplier is also Low.
Rivalry among Existing Firms: High

The number of firms in the industry is very high. So does the competition.

There are lots of similar sized firms in the industry. Only the market leader Square
pharmaceutical ltd is too large than the other companies and other companies are
almost similar in size regarding revenue, market share and distribution.
18 | P a g e

Product Differentiation is very high ranging from simple to sophisticated medicines and
drug stuffs.

Cost competitiveness is very high in the pharmaceutical industry.

As a result the Rivalry among Existing Firms is quite High.

Threat of Substitute Products: Very Low

There is little or almost zero substitute for medicine and drug stuffs. So it can be said
there almost zero possibility of substitution of drugs.

Biotechnology is a threat for pharmaceutical industry but for Bangladesh this threat will
be quite mild for several decades as the development of that sector is quite mild in our
country.

So the Threat of Substitute product is Very Low in developing countries like Bangladesh.

Threat of New Entrants: Very High

Capital requirement for introducing a pharmaceutical company is low for local firms or
root level. So anyone with minimum idea of the industry can easily enter the
pharmaceutical industry.

Creating a regional distribution network is easy as the communication channel became

so developed in the past decades. So any small local firm can easily grab their fair share
from the pharmaceutical industry.

From the analysis we came to the conclusion that Threat of New Entrants in the pharmaceutical
industry is Very High.

19 | P a g e

Dominant Traits of the Industry

From the analysis of pharmaceutical industry we have came up with the following dominant
traits. They are:

The pharmaceutical industry is highly competitive and Dynamic

There are too many players in Market (about 231)
The growth of the pharmaceutical industry is Gradual and visible (around 23%)
Unlimited growth opportunity as there is little or no substitute products
Easy to access in the industry but difficult to retain due to extensive competition
In pharmaceutical industry the doctors community plays a vital role
Consumers usually dont bother about the pricing of the drugs/medicine as it is a live
saving product

20 | P a g e

Drivers of Change
The pharmaceutical industry was dominated by MNCs but after 1982 the scenario changed.
The Driving forces are National Drug policy, 1982
Drug Control Ordinance, 1982
Intellectual Property Legislation (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
or TRIPS)
These ordinance and policies are developed to provide local companies some competitive
advantage. This provided the local companies the necessary drive to take over the markets
of Bangladesh.
There are other Drivers of changes like:
Doha declaration from implementing patent protection for pharmaceutical patents
until 2016
Foreign brands are not allowed to be manufactured under license in Bangladesh if
similar products are being manufactured in the country
150 drugs were defined as essential drugs. For those, level prices are fixed for the
finished drugs as well as for their corresponding raw materials

As a result the pharmaceutical market flourished and still in the growing state. Other common
drivers for the market are

Technological Advancement
Export Opportunity
Changing Lifestyle
Globalization
Government regulation and control
Competitive environment

21 | P a g e

Conclusion
Pharmaceutical is the second largest revenue generating industry in Bangladesh after
readymade garments (RMG) and the industry is doing really well. Pharmaceutical industry is
enjoying some patent advantages as the introduction and continuation of TRIPs agreement
from 2005 up to 2016. These eleven years will be very crucial and important for the
pharmaceutical industry.
The overall attempts of the assignment were to find out and to give a clear idea about the
practical practice of business strategy of Square Pharmaceutical Limited. In the assignment we
tried our best to do so and presented a competitive scenario of the company as well as the
pharmaceutical industry.
Government support is very important for the growth and expansion of the sector at this stage.
Investment to introduce newer drugs and newer research products is crucial, while at the same
time maintaining a healthy competitiveness among pharmaceutical companies is essential.

22 | P a g e

References
Websites:

http://www.squarepharma.com.bd/

http://www.pr-inside.com/the-pharmaceutical-market-bangladesh-r2197082.htm

http://www.scribd.com/doc/81931957/A-Report-on-Square-Pharmaceuticals-Ltd

http://www.assignmentpoint.com/science/pharmacy/practice-of-strategicmanagement-square-pharmaceuticals-limited.html

http://www.pharmamirror.com/knowledge-base/company-profile/squarepharmaceuticals-limited/

http://thepharmaceutical-news.com/why-is-the-bangladeshi-pharmaceutical-industrypotentially-under-threat-in-the-near-future

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_Bangladesh

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Pharmaceutical_Federation

http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=105557

http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/more.php?news_id=87308

http://gurumia.com/2010/01/19/pharmaceutical-sector-of-bangladesh-forecast-togrow-by-13-per-cent-in-2010/

http://www.piribo.com/publications/general_industry/pharmaceutical_market_trends_
2008_2012.html

http://www.bioportfolio.com/search/2010-Top-Generic-Drug-Companies.html

http://www.fiercepharma.com/slideshows/pharmas-top-10-blockbuster-drugs?
23 | P a g e

http://www.biospectrumasia.com/content/130710SGP13065.asp
Reports:

 Annual Report of Square Pharmaceutical Limited-FY 2012-2013, 2012-2011, 2011-2010.

 Pharma Mirror magazine, published in may 8, 2013
 Corporate Brochure of SPL, published in 15th July, 2007.
 Abul K. Azad; Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Sector: Present and Potential, BAPA Journal;
July 2006.
 Chakroborty, Rinton; Executive, PMD; Report on Plant Orientation Program-Dhaka Unit;
June 2010.

24 | P a g e